Radio Admission Control (RAC) : LTE Radio Parameters RL10

RA41215EN10GLA1
Radio Admission Control (RAC)

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1 Nokia Siemens Networks RA41215EN10GLA1
LTE Radio Parameters RL10
RA41215EN10GLA1
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1. LTE Functionalities and Overview
2. Channel Configuration
3. General parameter DB structure and System Information
Broadcast
4. Random Access
5. Radio Admission Control (RAC)
6. Radio Bearer Control & DRX /DTX Management
7. LTE Mobility Management
8. UL/DL Scheduler
9. MIMO Mode Control (MIMO-MC)
10.Power Control
Contents
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Module Contents
Task of Radio Admission Control
QoS Architecture and Profiles in LTE
Default and Dedicated Bearers
Radio Bearer combinations
Radio Admission Control algorithms and thresholds
Radio Admission Control outlook to RL20
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Radio Admission Control Introduction 1
RAC interacts with other RRM entities
Mobility management
Radio Bearer Management
UE State Management
Scope of RAC is cell level
RAC interacts with Packet Scheduler
RAC algorithms controls establishment of
Signaling radio bearer
Data Radio Bearer
RAC controls number of UE in a cell
Number of established RRC connection per cell
Number of active UEs (users) per cell
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Radio Admission Control Introduction 2
RAC provides parameters to establish and configure
PDCP Layer
RLC Layer
RAC applies different criterial for call estblishment and
Mobility (HO)
offset in terms of number of rrc connections or active users used
aim is to keep the already established sessions active and support user
mobility
RAC acts based on events like:
paging
Handover Request
Call establishment request
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RAC in RRM
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Module Contents
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QoS functions
QoS functions have not been standardised in detail in 3GPP
but are implementation specific
QoS functions:
Admission control
Bandwidth management based on APN-AMBR and UE-AMBR
Bearer level bandwidth management
Service level bandwidth management
Bearer level DSCP marking
Service level DSCP marking
Queueing and scheduling of packets
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Bearer model in GTP and IETF variants
P-GW S-GW Peer
Entity
UE eNB
EPS Bearer
Radio Bearer S1 Bearer
End-to-end Service
Radio S5/ S8
Internet
S1
E-UTRAN EPC
SGi
S5/S8 Bearer
P-GW S-GW Peer
Entity
UE eNB
EPS Bearer
Radio Bearer S1 Bearer
End-to-end Service
Radio S5/ S8
Internet
S1
E-UTRAN EPC
SGi External Bearer
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GTP variant:
EPS bearer termination in PGW
IETF variant:
EPS bearer termination in SGW
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Simplifications in QoS profile
3G EPS
QCI (QoS Class
Identifier)
ARP
Max Bit Rate
Guaranteed Bit
Rate
Aggregate Max
Bit Rate
For GBR bearers
For non-GBR bearers
Number of QoS parameters has been decreased
AMBR has been introduced to support bandwidth
management model similar to fixed access
(Candidate Feature for RL20)
Guaranteed
Bitrate
Delivery Order
Max SDU Size
SDU Format
Information
SDU Error Ratio
Residual Bit Error
Ratio
Delivery of
Erroneous SDUs
Transfer Delay
Traffic Handling
Priority
ARP
Source Statistics
Descriptor
Signalling
Indication
Max Bitrate
Traffic Class
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QoS parameters in EPS
QoS Class Identifier (QCI)
QCI is used to determine packet forwarding treatment (e.g. scheduling of packets)
QCI is used to mark packets with DSCP (Differential Service Code Point)
3GPP has standardized 9 QCI values and mapping to resource type (GBR, non-GBR),
priority, packet delay budget and packet error loss rate
Allocation and Retention Priority (ARP)
ARP is used to decide whether bearer establishment or modification request can be
accepted in case of resource limitations
ARP can also be used to decide which bearer(s) to drop during resource limitations
It has been agreed in 3GPP that ARP has no impact on packet forwarding treatment
APN Aggregate Max Bit Rate (APN-AMBR) and UE Aggregate Max Bit Rate
(UE-AMBR) for non-GBR EPS bearers
APN-AMBR shared by all non-GBR EPS bearers with the same APN downlink
enforcement is done in PDN GW and uplink enforcement in UE
UE-AMBR shared by all non-GBR EPS bearers of the UE downlink and uplink
enforcement is done in eNB
Guaranteed Bit Rate (GBR) and Max Bit Rate (MBR) for GBR EPS bearers
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Standardized QCIs
GBR 1
Resource
type
Packet delay
budget
Packet error
loss rate
Example Application QCI
GBR
100 ms 1e-2 Conversation voice
2
GBR
150 ms 1e-3 Conversational video
3
GBR
50 ms 1e-3 Real-time gaming
4
Non-GBR 100 ms 1e-6 IMS signalling 5
Non-GBR 300 ms 1e-6 Video, www, email, ftp 6
Non-GBR 7
Non-GBR 8
Non-GBR 9
Priori
ty
2
4
3
1
6
7
8
9
300 ms 1e-6
Non-conversational
video
5
100 ms
300 ms
300 ms
1e-3
1e-6
1e-6
Interactive gaming
Video, www, email, ftp
Video, www, email, ftp
Note: Usage of operator specific QCIs in addition to standardized QCIs is possible (future).
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RL10 supported QCIs
NSN RL10 release supports the following QCIs
QCIs for non-GBR radio bearer services
QCI values > 9 will be mapped into QCI 9
Parameters per QCI can be controlled on LNBTS level
LNBTS: qcitab5, qcitab6, qcitab7, qcitab8, qcitab9
QCI
Resource
Type Priority
Packet
Delay
Budget
Packet
Loss
Rate QCI Support RLC Mode
RLC
Profile
Index
PDCP
Profile
Index
Further
QoS
param.
5 NON-GBR 1 100 ms 1,0E-06 ENABLED RLC_AM 1 1 ...
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LNBTS: qcitab
x
LNBTS: qcitab
x
is a structured parameter with 12 parameters
Parameters are not modifiable except dscp, ulsBSD & ulsPrio.
dscp This parameter configures the DSCP (Differentiated Services Code Point)
packDelay The Packet Delay Budget defines the time that a packet may be delayed between
the UE and the PDN GW
packLoss The packet loss rate
pdcpProfIdx This parameter specifies the corresponding PDCP profile in the PDCP profile list.
prio This parameter gives the priority of the EPS bearer.
qci QoS Class Identifier.
qciSupp The given QCI is supported and enabled in this release
resType Permanent network resources allocated for GBR
rlcMode configures the RLC mode of the radio bearer based on the corresponding QCI
rlcProfIdx This parameter specifies the corresponding RLC profile in the RLC profile list
ulsBSD The BSD is sent to the UE for the UL scheduling algorithm..
The UE calculates the bucket size of a logical channel by PBR * BSD.
ulsPrio This priority is sent to the UE for the UL scheduling algorithm
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LNBTS: qcitab
x
in
eNB master configuration file
qcitab8 and qcitab9 shown
Example: LNBTS: qcitabx
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Module Contents
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Default and dedicated bearers
Default bearer is created at attach > fast access to services
Additional default bearers may be created when simultaneous access to
services available via multiple APNs is needed
Creation of an additional dedicated bearer is initiated by UE -> max 1 DRB per UE
supported in RL10
Default bearers are always non-GBR bearers
Dedicated bearers (non-GBR or GBR) are created for QoS differentiation
purposes
The IP address allocated for the default bearer is used for the dedicated bearers within
the same PDN connection
Creation of a dedicated bearer is initiated by network
RL10 only non-GBR dedicated bearers
For each EPS bearer (default and dedicated), QoS support is based on
QoS parameters
Available in subscriber profile
Controllable by the network
APN = Access Point Name
DRB = Data Radio Bearer
PDN = Packet Data Network
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Default and dedicated bearers
RL10 supports security on the Uu interface on S1 setup
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Default bearer activation at attach (GTP variant)
MME S-GW PCRF HSS PDN GW eNodeB UE
16. Create Default Bearer Response
12. Create Default Bearer Request
17. Attach Accept
13. Create Default Bearer Request
15. Create Default Bearer Response
14. IP-CAN Session Est
19. RRC Connection Reconfiguration Complete
18. RRC Connection Reconfiguration
20. Attach Complete
22. Update Bearer Response
21. Update Bearer Request
23. Notify Request
24. Notify Response
1-11. Attach procedure
MME uses Subscribed
QoS Profile (QCI, ARP,
APN-AMBR) received
from HSS to determine
Default Bearer QoS
Network controls Default
Bearer QoS
MME sends Default
Bearer QoS and UE-
AMBR to eNB
UE receives Default
Bearer QoS (except
ARP)
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Dedicated bearer activation (GTP variant)
1a. Session and Media Info
3. Create Dedicated Bearer Request
4. Bearer Setup Request
5. RRC Connection Reconfiguration
2. Create Dedicated Bearer Request
6. RRC Connection Reconfiguration Complete
7. Bearer Setup Response
10a. Ack
MME ServingGW PDNGW PCRF eNodeB UE AF
1b. PCC Rules Provision
10b. Ack
8. Create Dedicated Bearer Response
9. Create Dedicated Bearer Response
Network determines
Dedicated Bearer QoS
(QCI, ARP, Bitrates)
UE receives Dedicated
Bearer QoS (except
ARP)
eNB indicates whether
Dedicated Bearer QoS
could be allocated
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Module Contents
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Radio Admission Control
RL10 RAC checks against operator configurable thresholds
on call establishment:
max_number_of_rrc_connection
UEs having RRC SRB1 allocated
max_number_of_active_users
UEs having RRC SRB1 and default bearer allocated
on intra-frequency (incoming) handover:
additional offsets can be defined for
time critical handover (event A5)
handover desired for radio reasons (event A3)
all or nothing SRB && DRB must be admitted in target cell
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RAC Algorithms
Bearer Management :
At S1-AP Initial Context Setup
Event : DRB Setup
Start
NumActUE<
maxNumActUe
Mobility Management :
At outgoing HO
Event : HO UE Release
yes
no
Mobility Management :
At incoming HO
Event : HO RB Setup
NumRRC <maxNumRrcIncHo
UE State Handling :
At RRC Connection Setup
Event : SRB Setup
Response to :
SRB Setup Event
RAC Decision :
SRB: ADMITTED
Increment counter :
NumRRC
Inform / Configure
RRM functions :
UL-AMC, DL-AMC, UL-S,
DL-S, MIMO-MC, L1L2-
CFG, UL-PC
NumRRC <
maxNumRrc
Response to :
SRB SetupEvent
RAC Decision :
SRB: REJECTED
no
Initialize counters :
NumRRC =0
NumActUE=0
Retrieve O &M thresholds
maxNumRrc
maxNumActUe
addActUeRadioReasHo
addActUeTimeCriticalHo
UE State Handling :
At RRC Connection Release
Event : UE Release
Decrement counters :
NumRRC
NumActUE
Inform
RRM functions :
CFG, UL-PC
Response to :
DRB Setup Event
RAC Decision :
DRB: REJECTED
Response to :
DRB Setup Event
RAC Decision :
DRB: ADMITTED
Increment counter :
NumActUE
Inform / Configure
RRM functions :
CFG, UL-PC
Retrieve :
HO-cause
Calculate new admission
thresholds depending on HO -
cause:
maxNumRrcIncHo
maxNumActUeIncHo
Response to :
HO RB SetupEvent
RAC Decision :
UE: ADMITTED
Increment counters :
NumRRC
NumActUE
Inform / Configure
RRM functions :
CFG, UL-PC
Response to :
HO RB Setup Event
RAC Decision :
UE: REJECTED
Decrement counters :
NumRRC
NumActUE
Inform
RRM functions :
CFG, UL-PC
yes
no
NumActUE<
maxNumActUeIncHo
no
yes
yes
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Admisson of signaling radio bearer SRB1
Upon RRC connection setup, the UE state handling function of the Telecom
control plane requests radio admission control for the admission of the signaling
radio bearer SRB1
Admission Control criteria for Signaling bearer:
An RRC connection is taken account as established if the SRB1 has
been admitted and successfully configured.
Range for MaxNumRrc depends on
DlChBw, UlChBw, addAUeRrHo, addAUeTcHo (see next slide)
maxNumRrc
Max. Number of Ues with an
established RRC connection
LNCEL; 0...800;1; 380 (10 MHz BW)
number of currently established RRC connections < maxNumRrc
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Admisson of signaling radio bearer SRB1
if min(ulChBw,dlChBw) has value 2 (5 MHz):
- maxNumRrc value range is restricted to 0...200 (default value 190)
- maxNumRrc+max(addAUeRrHo, addAUeTcHo) <= 200
addAUeRrHo
Additional # of active UEs, which are allowed
to access a cell via handover with HO cause:
"HO desirable for radio reasons", when RRC
connection (maxNumRrc) or active UE
(maxNumActUE) limit already reached.
LNCEL; 0...800;1; 15
addAUeTcHo
Additional # of active UEs, which are
allowed to access a cell via handover with
HO cause: "Time critical handover", when
RRC connection (maxNumRrc) or active
UE (maxNumActUE) limit already reached
LNCEL; 0...800;1; 20
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Admisson of single non-GBR radio bearer
Upon S1AP initial context setup, the bearer management function of the Telecom
control plane requests radio admission control to admit the single non-GBR data
radio bearer setup request for UEs for which the SRB1 and SRB2 have been
successfully established.
Admission Control criteria for non-GBR radio bearer:
A UE is termed active if at least one single non-GBR data radio bearer has been
successfullyconfigured for it.
In RL10 only one single non-GBR data radio bearer per UE is supported.
Range for maxNumActUE depends on
DlChBw, UlChBw, addAUeRrHo, addAUeTcHo (see next slide)
maxNumActUe
Maximum number of UEs in the cell
with established DRB
LNCEL; 0...800;1; 80 (10 MHz BW)
number of currently active UEs < maxNumActUE
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if min(ulChBw,dlChBw) has value 2 (5 MHz)
- maxNumActUe value range is restricted to 0...200 (default value 40)
- maxNumActUe+max(addAUeRrHo, addAUeTcHo) <= 200
Admisson of single non-GBR radio bearer
addAUeRrHo
LNCEL; 0...800;1; 15
addAUeTcHo
LNCEL; 0...800;1; 20
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Main feature of RL10 is retrieval and utilisation of UE
capabilities in RRM
A Layer 3 RRC signaling procedure
3GPP TS 36.306 defines UE capabilities
RRC: UECapabilityEnquiry
eNB UE
RRC: UECapabilityInformation
Ue-RadioAccessCapRequest (eutra)
{(eutra, ueCapabilitesRAT -Container (UE-EUTRA-Capability)),
optional UE capabilitities for other RAT types }
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Radio Admission Control may select UL/DL maximum
bitrates for a UE:
based on UE capability information received from UE (mbrSelector=0)
based on O&M parameters maxBitRateUl and maxBitRateDl
(mbrSelector =1)
The maximum Bitrate for a UE in UL and DL for all radio
bearers incl. SRBs are limited to O&M parameter setting:
mbrSelector
LNCEL; 0 (ueCapability), 1 (OaM) ; 0
maxBitRateDl
LNCEL; 50300000kbps;50
; 170000 Kbps
maxBitRateUl
LNCEL; 5075000kbps;50 ;
50000 Kbps
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Radio Admission Control for intra-frequency HO
For LTE intra-frequency handover there can be separate admission control
thresholds defined depending on HO trigger cause:
Time Critical Handover flag is set when HO trigger is event A5 (urgency
is high for coverage handover (event A5))
Handover Desirable for Radio Reasons flag is set when HO trigger is
event A3 (urgency is low for power budget handover (event A3))
Better to support the call with Handover rather than rejectingcand/or dropping
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Time critical handover: A5
Definition of new admission control threshold for time critical HO:
maxNumRrcIncHo = maxNumRrc + addAUeTcHo
maxNumActUeIncHo = maxNumActUe + addAUeTcHo
If NumRRC < maxNumRrcIncHo AND NumActUE < maxNumActUeIncHo then
admit HO request in target cell
If NumRRCmaxNumRrcIncHo OR NumActUE maxNumActUeIncHo
reject HO request for target cell
0 implies that no admission priority is granted for UEs accessing the cell via HO
addAUeTcHo
LNCEL; 0...800;1; 20
maxNumActUe
LNCEL; 0...800;1; 80 (10 MHz BW)
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HO desirable for radio reasons : A3
Definition of new admission control threshold for HO desirable for radio
reasons:
If NumRRC < maxNumRrcIncHo AND NumActUE < maxNumActUeIncHo
admit HO request in target cell
If NumRRCmaxNumRrcIncHo OR NumActUE maxNumActUeIncHo
reject HO request for target cell
maxNumRrcIncHo = maxNumRrc + addAUeRrHo
maxNumActUeIncHo = maxNumActUe + addAUeRrHo
0 implies that no admission priority is granted for UEs accessing the cell via HO
maxNumActUe
LNCEL; 0...800;1; 80 (10 MHz BW)
addAUeRrHo
LNCEL; 0...800;1; 15
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Module Contents
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RL20 outlook
New features supported in RL20 :
Support of multiple EPS bearer (LTE7)
EPS bearers for conversational voice (LTE10)
Emergency call handling (LTE22)
IMS emergency sessions for FWA R8 UEs (LTE629)
These feature will have impact on RL10 RAC procedures
above mentioned features are meant to support priority allocation
Support for QCI 1
for conversational voice service
Radio Link Control Mode: UM

Radio Admission Control (RAC) : LTE Radio Parameters RL10

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