Optical Communication Systems

Chapter 1: Introduction

Pham Quang Thai pqthai.hcmut@gmail.com

Textbooks
Textbooks [1] G. Keiser, Optical Fiber Communications, 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill, 2000 References [2] A. Yariv, Optical Electronics in Modern Communications, 5th Edition, Oxford University Press, 1997 [3] B. Saleh and M. Teich, Fundamentals of Photonics, Wiley, 1991 [4] G. P. Agrawal, Fiber-Optic Communication Systems, John Wiley & Sons, 1992 [5] R. Ramaswami and K. N. Sivarajan, Optical Networks A practical Perspective, 3rd Edition, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 2010 [6] J. Powers, Introduction to Fiber Optic Systems, 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill, 1999
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Content
Why optical communications? Evolution of Optical Communication Systems Applications of optical communications

Increasing Need for High-Capacity & Broadband Services

Cisco Forecasts of IP Traffic in 2017 (1 exabyte = 1018 byte)

Transport of video on demand, Internet video streams and downloads, and the exchange of video and other files through P2P.

Metro traffic will surpass long haul traffic

Optical Fibers can provide needed solutions

Optical transmission system capacity

Optical fiber
~ 1012 Hz bandwidth ~ 10-6 m in diameter ~ 10 kg/km ~ 10-1 dB attenuation No EMI and crosstalk Electrical Isolation Security

Coaxial cable
~ 108 Hz bandwidth ~ 10-2 m in diameter ~ 1000 kg/km ~ 10 dB attenuation Yes No No

Evolution of Optical Communication Systems

First laser First optical waveguide

1970s
Early optical network systems

First generation SONET/SDH

1990s
Second generation WDM

1960s

1980s

1970s

1980s

Wavelength: 830 nm Fiber: multi-mode fiber Fiber length: ~ 10 km Use repeater Bit rate: ~ 50 Mbps

Wavelength: 1310 nm (MML), 1550 nm (SML) Fiber: single-mode fiber Fiber length: ~ 40 km Use repeater Bit rate: ~ 100 Mbps 1 Gbps

1990s

Source: LED, Multimode laser

Source: multi-mode laser, single mode laser

Source: single mode laser Wavelength: 8-32 wavelengths Fiber: single-mode fiber Fiber length: ~ 80 km Use amplifier Bit rate: ~ 2,5 Gbps 2 Tbps

1966: Kao and Hockham use optical glass fibers for laser light transmission.

1960: T. Maiman demonstrated first laser at Hughes Research Laboratories.

1970s

1980s

Wavelength: 830 nm Fiber: multi-mode fiber Fiber length: ~ 10 km Use repeater Bit rate: ~ 50 Mbps

Wavelength: 1310 nm (MML), 1550 nm (SML) Fiber: single-mode fiber Fiber length: ~ 40 km Use repeater Bit rate: ~ 100 Mbps 1 Gbps

1990s

Source: LED, Multimode laser

Source: multi-mode laser, single mode laser

Source: single mode laser Wavelength: 8-32 wavelengths Fiber: single-mode fiber Fiber length: ~ 80 km Use amplifier Bit rate: ~ 2,5 Gbps 2 Tbps

1970: Corning Incorporated scientists Drs. Robert Maurer, Donald Keck, and Peter Schultz invented the first low-loss optical fiber,

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1970s

1980s

Wavelength: 830 nm Fiber: multi-mode fiber Fiber length: ~ 10 km Use repeater Bit rate: ~ 50 Mbps

Wavelength: 1310 nm (MML), 1550 nm (SML) Fiber: single-mode fiber Fiber length: ~ 40 km Use repeater Bit rate: ~ 100 Mbps 1 Gbps

1990s

Source: LED, Multimode laser

Source: multi-mode laser, single mode laser

Source: single mode laser Wavelength: 8-32 wavelengths Fiber: single-mode fiber Fiber length: ~ 80 km Use amplifier Bit rate: ~ 2,5 Gbps 2 Tbps

1976: Bell Labs developed first room temperature semiconductor lasers.

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1970s

1980s

Wavelength: 830 nm Fiber: multi-mode fiber Fiber length: ~ 10 km Use repeater Bit rate: ~ 50 Mbps

Wavelength: 1310 nm (MML), 1550 nm (SML) Fiber: single-mode fiber Fiber length: ~ 40 km Use repeater Bit rate: ~ 100 Mbps 1 Gbps

1990s

Source: LED, Multimode laser

Source: multi-mode laser, single mode laser

Source: single mode laser Wavelength: 8-32 wavelengths Fiber: single-mode fiber Fiber length: ~ 80 km Use amplifier Bit rate: ~ 2,5 Gbps 2 Tbps

1987: University of Southampton developed Erbium doped fiber amplifier operating at 1550nm.

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Applications: entertainment, commercial, military, medical

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Space division multiplexing and beyond 1Tbps networking in 2014

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Course content
Optical fiber Source Receiver Point-toPoint link SONET/SDH WDM

Physic and mathematic Synthesis Future development

Analysis

Comparison Evaluation Concepts Principles

Comprehension

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Course outcomes
Correctly interpret and analyze essential photonic devices. Correctly interpret and evaluate the performance of a single wavelength point-to-point optical link. Correctly interpret and evaluate the performance of a WDM networks. Utilizing specialized optical system simulation program such as Optisystem and Matlab, correctly design, simulate and evaluate an optical communication system
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Assessment
Percent Quizzes Simulations Presentations Final project Final 15% 15% 15% 15% 40% Note Online Randomly grade in class Group project Group project Multiple choice (70~90 m)
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Syllabi
Week 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 C5-Point to point C5-Point to point C6-SONET/SDH C7-WDM C7-WDM C7-WDM Quiz 4 Sim 4 Present 2 Quiz 4 Final project
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Content C1-Intro & C2-Fiber C2-Fiber C2-Fiber C3-Sources C3-Sources C4-Receivers

Test

Deadline

Quiz 1 Sim 1 Quiz 2 Quiz 2 Sim 2 Present 1 Quiz 3 Sim 3 Final project Quiz 3 Quiz 1