Brinell test: Brinel Hardness Number = load/area of indentation Advantage: 1.

This test is mostly adopted test for hardness of Iron and steel.The harder the metal the higher Brinell number will be. 2.It gives a linear scale hardness particularly used for design work. Limitation: As mentioabovebobe it is more suitable for harder material only. Rockwell test: It is based on the indentation of hard tip or indentator,into the test piece under the action of two consecutively applied loads - minor load and major load.A conical shaped diamond(called brale) with 120 degree apex angle and 0.2mm radius is used as the indentator or penetrator in the rockwell test of hard materials. For soft materials, a hardnened steel ball 1.5mm in diameter is used generally.A number of different scales are used,each scale being suitable for certain classes of material.The load is applied and maintained upto 15 sec and then releases,the hardness number then can be read off the scale graduated in hardness units to the nearest whole number. Advantages: 1.It is widely applied in the industry due to the rapidity and simplicity with which they may be performed. 2.High Accuracy achieved and due to small size of the impression produced. 3.Aslo rockwell hardness number can be converted to brinell number using special table or chart. 4.It can be used both for hard and soft material

Ductility: It is the property of material which enables it to draw out into thin wire. ex: Mild Steel Malleability: It is the ability of a material to be flattened into thin sheets without cracking by hot or cold working. Ex:Al,Cu,Tin,Lead,steel etc. Hardness: It is the ability of a material to resist to stratching,abrasion,cutting,indentation or penetration.

Hardness is not related to hardenability of material,because hardenability indicates the degree of hardness that can be imparted to metal,perticularly steel,by process of hardening. Toughness: It is the measure of the amount of energy a material can absorb before actual fracture takes place.It is the ability to withstand both plastic and ellastic deformation.