Assignment 1: Computer Performance Due Date: Feb. 4, 2014 1. Conversion of number representations. Show the conversion procedure.

1) Convert the following decimal numbers to binary, octal, and hexadecimal. (10 pts) 212 3241 2) Convert the following numbers to decimal. (10 pts) 100011012 3458 FCC16

2. Consider the following two processors P1 and P2 executing the same instruction set with the clock rates and CPIs specified in the following table. Processors Clock rate CPI P1 2GHz 1.0 P2 3.2GHz 2.0

1) Which processor has the highest performance? How much faster than the other processor? (10 pts) (Hint: assuming these two processors are running the same program with the same instructions count) 2) If the processors each execute a program in 100 seconds, find the number of cycles and the number of instructions for each processor. (10 pts) 3) For processor P2, we are trying to reduce the time by 40% by increasing the clock rate, but this leads to an increase of 25% in CPI. What clock rate should we have to achieve this time reduction? (10 pts)

3. Consider two different implementations of the same ISA. There are four classes of instructions, Arithmetic, Store, Load, and Branch. The clock rate and CPI of each implementation are given in the following table. Clock rate 2.0 GHz 2.5 GHz CPI Arithmetic 1 2 CPI Store 2 2 CPI Load 4 2 CPI Branch 4 2

P1 P2

1) Given a program with 1000000 instructions divided into classes as follows: 20% Arithmetic, 20% Store, 40% Load, and 20% Branch, which implementation is faster? (10 pts) 2) What are the global CPIs for P1 and P2? (10 pts) 3) For P1, if we can improve the performance of the Load and Store instructions by reducing their CPIs by half using a faster cache hierarchy, what is the speed up of the program? (10 pts)

4. This exercise will explore the impact of compilers on execution time. 1) Consider a program compiled using compilers A and B running on the same processor. Find out the average CPI for the two executables compiled by compilers A and B given that the processor has a clock cycle time of 1ns. (10 pts) Compiler A # of Instructions 1.20E+09 Compiler B # of Instructions 1.60E+09

Program Execution Time 1.4s

Program Execution Time 1.8s

2) Consider the program compiled by compiler A running on Processor P1 and the program compiled by compiler B running on Processor P2. Assuming the number of instructions executed in a certain program is divided equally among the classes of instructions of Arithmetic, Store, Load, and Branch, what is the CPU time of these two executions? Which program is faster? (The number of instructions of the program compiled by compilers A and B are given in the previous table) (10 pts) Processor P1 P2 Clock rate 2.0 GHz 2.5 GHz CPI Arithmetic 1 2 CPI Store 2 2 CPI Load 4 2 CPI Branch 4 2