Yarn Manufacturing Technology

01. What is spinning? Ans: The process of making yarn by drawing out, twisting, and winding fibrous substances into yarn or thread. 02. What is Fiber? Ans: The fundamental component used in making textile yarns and fabrics 03. What is Fiber Fineness? Ans: The mean fiber diameter which is usually expresses in microns. 04. What is Fiber Length? Ans: The staple length of the fiber 05. What is Fiber Thickness? Ans: The average diameter of the fiber 06. hat is !ilament" Ans: A fiber of indefinite or extreme length 07. What is natural filament? Ans: #ilk is a natural filament, 0 . What is Fleece? Ans: The wool from one sheep, 0!. What is "arn? Ans: A continuous strand of textile fibers that may be composed of endless filaments or shorter fibers twisted or otherwise held together 10. What is #lie$ "arns? Ans: $arns produced by two or more singles have been twisted together. 11. What is %&re "arn? Ans: A yarn made by winding one yarn around another to give the appearance of a yarn made solely of the outer yarn. 12. What is %&llapse "arn? Ans: %ollapse yarn is &usually' an over spun single, dried under tension that is then knit or woven. 13. What is 'arnette$ "arn? Ans: A yarn that has little bits &(garnets(' of other fibers carded in. 14. What is (arl "arn? Ans: A yarn consisting of two or more single ends of different colors plyed together. 15. )efine *reaking L&a$? Ans: The maximum stress needed to rupture a fiber, yarn or fabric in a tension test. 1+. hat is ,taple Length? Ans: The fiber length from a sample of fibers. 17. What is -eps? Ans: #mall knots of tangled fiber, usually consisting of short, dead or immature fiber, or caused by over)processing. 1 . What is ,narls? Ans: #mall, curly or *kinked* places in yarns. 1!. )efine .an$spun? Ans: $arns which are spun by hand using a spinning wheel or electric spinner. 20. )efine ,lub "arns. Ans: A yarn which is made with slubs or lumps 21. What is ,li/er? Ans: The strand of loose, roughly parallel, untwisted fibers produced in carding.

22. What is 0&/ing? Ans: The soft strand of carded fiber that has been twisted, attenuated, and freed of foreign matter preparatory to spinning. 23. What is T1ist? Ans: +n spinning, this refers to the turns inserted into a yarn to bind its fibers together and thereby add more strength. 24. What is T#2? Ans: Twists per +nch &or Turns ,er +nch'. 25. )efine ,3T1ist. Ans: #pinning clockwise. Traditionally, this is the direction (singles( are spun. 2+. )efine 43T1ist. Ans: #pinning counterclockwise. Traditionally, the direction (plied( yarns are spun.. 27. What is ,pinning %&unt? Ans: The fineness of which a yarn may be spun. The number of hanks of -.0 yds. each in length in / pound. 2 . What is %rimp? Ans: The wave effect in the wool fiber. 0sually the finer wools show the most crimp. 0niformity of desired crimp generally indicates superior wool. 2!. What is 'inning? Ans: The mechanical process that removes the cotton fibers from the seed. 30. What is %ashmere? Ans: #oft, silky fiber combed from the cashmere goat with a diameter of /-.1 microns or less. 31. What is Tweed? Ans: A fabric made from woollen)spun yarn in a variety of colour and weave effects. 32. What is (&hair? 2ong, lustrous, silky white hair of the angora goat is stronger and more resilient than wool 33. )efine 5ute fibre. Ans: A vegetable bast fiber often used for basketry and course weavings. 34. )efine #&l6ester. Ans: A manufactured fiber made from long)chain synthetic polymers 35. What is increase sli/er unif&rmit6? Ans: 3igher draft in drawframe will reduce sliver uniformity, but will imrprove fibre parallelisation. 3+. What is effecti/e length? Ans: The termed defined as the length of the main bulk of the longer fiber. 37. .&1 the am&unt &f t1ist is e7presse$? Ans: T,+ 4 $arn T,5 4 6oving 3 . What is mass stress? Ans: 0nit 4 %78Tex, gm8Tex 3!. What is elastic rec&/er6? Ans: 9lastic recovery 4 9lastic extension 8 total extension 40. What is the m&$ern testing e8uipment f&r spinning mill? Ans: a' 3:+ 4 3igh volume instrument, b' A!+# 4 Advance fiber information system c' #hirley analy;er 4 trash<, d' 5oisture meter 4 5c< e' 5oisture testing oven 4 96< -1. 41. 2f (c /alue is increase$ 1hat sh&ul$ be the fineness? Ans: !ineness should be decreased. 42. What is pitch? Ans: The distance between ad=ustable spindles. 43 .What is the ma7imum c&unt t& be pr&$uce in r&t&r an$ ring spinning?

Ans: 6ing 4 +T is possible to produce about >00 count. 6otor 4 7ot possible to produce more than .0 count. 44. What is fee$ material in r&t&r an$ ring m9c? Ans: 6ing m8c 4 6oving 6otor m8c 4 ?rawing sliver 45. What is the &utput &f 1in$ing? Ans: $arn in cone from. 4+. .2s -atural fibers are h6$r&philic in nature? Ans: $es 47. What are t6pes &f 1astage spinning mill? Ans: a' 0sable waste b' 0nusable waste. 4 . What are the usable 1astes in spinning mill? Ans: a' lap waste b' sliver waste c' roving waste d' bonda waste e' pneumafil waste 4!. What is fiber migrati&n? Ans: +t means fiber distribution into the yarn. 50. -umber &f fibers in 6arn cr&ss secti&n:.. Ans: 60)@0. 51.What is the stan$ar$ staple length &f c&tt&n fiber? Ans: Aenerally 0.1 inch to B.1 inch. 52. .&1 can c/; minimi<e ? Ans: Cy drawing and doubling. 53. =ffect &f c/; $e/iati&n in sli/er? Ans:+t increase sliver irregularity. 54. What is %>;? Ans:%v< means co)efficient variation of mass. 55. )iffer bet1een r&ller an$ apr&n $raft? Ans: +n apron draft fibres are getting draft by apron and in roller draft fibres are getting ?raft by pairs of roller. 5+. What is aut& st&p m&ti&n? AnsD Cy a sensor if m8c is automatically stop when the m8c is reEuired to stop is called auto stop motion. 57. Wh6 6arn is c&n$iti&ning? Ans: To increase yarn strength and moisture percent yarn is conditioning after mking cone form package. 5 . What is =.".% setting? Ans: According to yarn Eualities parameter in auto)coner some setting is given to clear the faults of yarn which is called 9.$.% setting. 5!. Wh6 aut&3c&ner is use$? Ans: 6ing yarn have some irregularities which should be reduce before knitting, weaving, And dyeing. These faults are removed by auto)coner. +0. Wh6 1ea/ing 6arn is high t1iste$? Ans: ?uring weaving yarn are faces to much tension than knitting so to reduce yarn breakages weaving yarn are highly twisted. +1. What is the T( range f&r knit 6arn? Ans: !or card yarn T5 >.6))>.F And combed yarn T5 >.1G>.+2. -ame $ifferent si<e &f tra/eler? Ans: no)/, no)B, no)>, B80, >80, .80, 180, 680, -80, /080, /B80, /.80, /680, /-80, B080 +3. %alculate the pr&$ucti&n &f ring m9c? Ans: ring product ion 4spindle speedHeffi.Hno. of spindle8T,+ H>6 yrd.8min

+4. What $& 6&u mean b6 T%#? Ans: T%, means twist change pinion. +7. What $& 6&u mean b6 )%#? Ans: ?%, means draft change pinion. + . )iffer bet1een n&il an$ sh&rt fibre? Ans: less than 0.1inch. fibres is called noil and more than 0.1 inch fibres is called short fibres. +!. What is b&bbin lea$ing an$ fla6er lea$ing? Ans: if bobbin speeds is more than flayer it is bobbin leading and if flayer speed is more than spindle it is flayer leading. 70. .&1 $&es n&il; calculate? AnsD 7oil<4noil wt.H/008sliverInoil wt 71. Wh6 lap f&rmer is use$? Ans: lap former is used to make mini lap to feed in comber m8c. 72. What is grin$ing an$ m&unting? Ans: To sharpen wires is grinding and to change the total wire is called mounting. 73. What is r&ller guage? Ans: The nip point distance between the two pairs of roller is called roller guage. 74. What is break $raft? Ans: break draft remove some small amount of twist from sliver or roving. 75. Wh6 $&ubling is necessar6? Ans: ?oubling reduce sliver irregularity percent. 7+. What is in$e7 1heel? Ans: +T is a indicator through which different combing actions are indicate by the motion of index wheel . 77. .&1 static charge creates pr&blem in spinning? Ans: HCy loller lapping. H by creates =am in roller. 7 . What is static electricit6? Ans: +t is the charge deposited in rollers or parts for which static electricity is produced. 7!. What is mi7ing ? blen$ing? Ans: mix same types of fibres is mixing and mix two or more types of fibres together is called blending. 0. )iscuss the le/eling functi&n &f car$ing? Ans: leveler correction the sliver wt.per unit length by increasing and decreasing front roller speed by getting a signal from scanning roller with a servo motor . 1. What is calen$ar r&ller? Ans: it is the delivery roller of c8d m8c which measure mass per unit length. 2. )efine &b@ect &f car$ing? Ans: H to parallel fibres. H to individual fibres . H to remove neps. 3. What is *2A,? Ans: C+A# means bale inventory and analy;e system. 4. Wh6 chute fee$ is p&pular? Ans: because chute feed increase production rate. 5. ,h&1 pr&cess se8uence &f a m&$ern bl&1 r&&m line? Ans: Cale pluckerGcoarse cleaningGmultimixerGfine cleaningGchute. +. What is c&ntaminati&n? Ans: contamination is some foreign materials such as polypropylene, feather, plastic, rubber substance,oily material etc. 7. .&1 bl&1 r&&m 1astage; influences spinning?

Ans: 5ore wastages increase yarn irregularity and decrease yarn strength. . )efine c&mpact 6arn? Ans: the yarn where cotton fibres are passing through one more pairs of compact roller which parallel the floating fibres is called compact yarn. !. )efine span$e7 6arn? Ans: the yarn where laycra is used for more elasticity properties is called spandex yarn. !0. Which ginning pr&cess is better ? 1h6? Ans: roller gin is better because of less fibres breakage rate here. !1. What is lignin? Ans: +t is a chemical composition of =ute fibre for which =ute is not smooth. !2. What is &pen en$ spinning? Ans: +t is a spinning system where simplex is not use. !3. Wh6 American #2(A is fam&us? Ans: ,+5A are longer and strong then other origin. !4. Wh6 %2, c&tt&ns are p&pular? Ans: %+# cotton properties are good then other origin and available. !5. 'i/e $ifferent natural fibres name? Ans: cotton, silk, wool, linen, =ute etc. !+. 'i/e $ifferent manma$e fibres name? Ans: ,olyester, nylon, acited, rayon, glass fibre, carbon fibre. !7. .&1 can 1e measure trash gra$e? Ans: Cy 3:+ m8c. ! . .&1 can 1e measure strengthB c&l&rB micr&nair &f fibre? Ans: Cy 3:+ test. !!. .&1 can 1e measure the length &f fibre? Ans: Cy 3:+ 58%, #hirley comb shorter. 100. What is AF2,? Ans: +t is a fibre testing m8c measure nep, #%7, 0J2 etc. 101. What is .>2? Ans: +t is a m8c by which different fibre properties are measured like length, strength, micronare, color grade, mr<, short fibre<, elongation etc. 102. What is uster e/enness tester? Ans: +t is a measuring m8c of yarn thick, thin K neps, hairiness, u<, cv<. 103. .&1 $&es sh&rt fibre create pr&blem in spinning? Ans: it creates problem in drawing and drafting, increase +,+ of yarn by uneven fibres in cross) section. 104. What is the effect &f sh&rt fibre in spinning? Ans: H increase unevenness H increase cv< H increase hairiness. H decrease yarn strength. 105. .&1 can sh&rt fibre measure$? Ans: Cy 3:+ test. 10+. What is ,%2? Ans: spinning consistency index is the multiple regretting of some fibre characteristics. 107. What is ,%-? Ans: #eed coat neps 10 . What $& 6&u mean b6 -.0.=? Ans: 7eps removal efficiency. 10!. .&1 $&es neps rem&/e fr&m lap?

Ans: Cy carding and comber m8c. 110. What is lint an$ linters? Ans. The cotton which are got after first time ginning to seeds cotton is called lint and second time ginning of cotton is called linters. 111. What is thin place &f 6arn? Ans: 2ess diameter in a certain place in yarn then the standard dia. 112. Wh6 c/; is an imp&rtant matter in spinning? AnsD %v< effect on yarn irregularity. 113. What happen 1hen c/; g&es high in sli/er? Ans : 5ass variation per unit length is increase. 114. Where $&es c/; /ariati&n c&ntr&lle$? Ans: +n drawing frame. 115. What $& 6&u mean b6 C;? Ans: 0< means unevenness percent. 11+. .&1 can C; minimi<e? Ans: Cy proper blending K drafting. 117. .&1 $&es C; c&ntr&lle$ in back pr&cess? Ans: Cy control wt. per unit length in drawing. 11 . What happen 1hen C; g&es high? Ans: +t shows mass variation per unit length. 11!. .&1 can 6&u measure C; ? A7#: Cy uster test. 120. What is hairiness? Ans: 3airiness is the floating fibres in yarn surface. 121. .&1 $&es hairiness minimi<e? Ans: Cy using more long fibres in yarn cross)section. 122. Wh6 $&es hairiness create in 6arn? Ans: for using more short fibre in mixing. 123. What is the effect &f hairiness in 6arn? Ans: +t reduce yarn lusture and need en;yme treatment in dyeing. 124. .&1 can 6&u measure hairiness &f 6arn? Ans D Cy uster test . 125. What is imperfecti&n &f 6arn? Ans: The thick, thin and neps in yarn is called imperfection of yrn. 12 . What is imperfecti&n in$e7D2#2E? Ans: Thick 10<Ithin 10<Ineps B00<4+,+. 12!. What $& 6&u mean b6 thick place &f 6arn? Ans: 5ore diameters in a certain place in yarn then the standard dia. 130. .&1 can sh&rt fibre rem&/e? Ans: Cy combing . 131. What is cleaning effienc6 in bl&1 r&&m? Ans. %9<4&trash cotton) trash in lap8trash in cotton'H/00 132. What is the c&mber 1astage an$ 1aste;? Ans. 7oils,&/B)/-'<. 132. What is $ra1 frame 1aste? Ans. #liver wastage. 133. What is the simple7 1astage ?

Ans. #liver wastage,roving wastage. 134. What is the ring frame 1astage? Ans. ,neumafil, hard waste, bonda waste etc. 135. What is car$ing 1aste? Ans. ?ropping, tecker in waste, flat stripe,motes K flies, sliver waste. 13+. What is bl&1 r&&m 1aste? Ans. ?ropping,dust,filter waste" 137. .&1 much trush; in c&tt&n? Ans. Aenerally /< to /0<. 137. Write $&1n the f&rmula &f pr&$ucti&n per hr &f bl&1 r&&m in lbs? Ans. ,roduction in labs8hr4%alender roller speed H60Heffi<HLHd8>6H&/8-.0H&/8count or hank' 13 .Write $&1n the f&rmula &f pr&$ucti&n per hr &f spee$ frame9simple7 in lbs? Ans. ,roduction in lbs per hr4spindle speed&rpm'8T,+H60H /8>6H/8-.0H&/8countor hank'Heffi <Hno. spindle. 13!. Write $&1n the f&rmula &f &f pr&$ucti&n in lbs per h&ur &f c&mbing m9c. Ans. ,roduction in lbs8hr4in inch feed per nip8>6H60Hefficiency<Hwaist<Hno. of head &-.0Hlap count'. 140.What is s1elling? The change in dimension due to absorbing water or moisture of any textile material is termed as swelling. 141. Write $&1n the main part &f car$ing machine? Ans. ?offer, cylinder. Taker)in. 142. What is c&re spun 6arn? Ans. +t is a continuous filament polyster core wraped in cotton fibre. 143. What are the re8uirement &f fibre c&nstructi&n? Ans. 9,+, ,,+, arp count, weft count. 144. What are the fact&r that $etermine the 6arn pr&perties? Ans. !ibre properties,fibre arrangement, twist per inch. 145. What is (0; &f p&l6ester? Ans. 0... 14+. What is (0; &f @ute? Ans./>.@1 147. What is (0; &f /isc&se an$ silk? Ans. //.0 14 . What is (%; &f c&tt&n? Ans. @.->. 14!. What is (0; &f 1&&l? Ans./6.0 150. What is (0; &f n6l&n? Ans. ..0 151. #&l6ester is $iss&l/e$ int& 100; nitr& ben<ene at 100F% D"es9n&E?

Ans. $es 152. *urning smell &f c&tt&n is like as burning paper D6es9n&E? Ans. $es 153. 2s n6l&n $iss&l/e$ int& 20;.%L9phen&l? Ans. $es 154. What is m&$el length? Ans. +t is the length of group of fibres where the most number of fibres have eEual length. 154. What is spun length? Ans. +t is the lyerm by which we can determined the < of fibre length in case of cotton wool etc. 155. What is staple length? Ans. The average length of spinable fibre is called stable length. 15+. What $& 6&u mean b6 batching? Ans: All the process preparatory to carding includes in the batching. +t is the primary stage of =ute processing. 157. What is the emulsi&n &f @ute? Ans: A mixture of some lubricating agent which is applied on =ute fiber to make the fiber soft and flexible. 15 . Write fe1 names &f emulsifier? Ans: #oap, detergent, wetting agent. 15!. What is metric s6stem? Ans: 7m42ength in kilometer per kilogram of yarn or sliver 1+0. What is =nglish s6stem? Ans: 7e42ength in hanks per pound of yarn or sliver 1+1. Write $&1n pr&$ucti&n &f the c&mber? Ans: ,roduction of the comber is dependent upon the following 7 4 7ips per min # 4 feed in mm8nip A 4 lap weight in g8m M4 7oil percentage A 4 tension draft between lap and feed roller &from /.01to/./' 9 4 efficiency ,roduction 4 &9 x 7 x # x A x &/00)M' x 60 x - 8 &/000 N /000 x A x /00'. 1+2. What ma6 be the ring $ia? Ans: common dia are >1, >-, .0, .B,..mm 1+3. )efine flange? Ans: the place where traveler moves is called flange. 1+4. What is the life time &f a ring? Ans: . to /0 years 1+5. What are the c&mp&nents &f ring? Ans: low carbon steel i.e soft steel or of ceramic. 1++ . What are the parts &f tra/eler? Ans: a' Cow b' 3oon c' !lange

1+7. What is the first pr&cess in 6&ur pr&$ucti&n? Ans: Clow room. 1+ . What pr&cess is use$ after $ra1 frame? Ans: #implex. 1+!. What pr&cess is use$ after simple7? Ans: 6ing frame. 170. What is the pr&$ucti&n &f bl&1 r&&m? Ans: 2ap. 171. What is the pr&$ucti&n &f car$ing machine? Ans: #liver.

172. What is the pr&$ucti&n &f $ra1 frame? Ans: #liver8 drawing sliver. 173. What is the pr&$ucti&n &f simple7? Ans: 6oving. 174. What is the pr&$ucti&n &f ring frame? Ans: $arn. 175. What is the input &f bl&1 r&&m? GAns: Cale.

17+. What is the input &f car$ing machine? Ans: 2ap8 now chute feed system being used. 177. What is the input &f c&mbing? Ans: #liver lap K number of doubling is usually B0)B.. 17 . What is the input &f simple7? Ans: ?rawn sliver, #liver hank 0./B80./.80./6, etc. 17!. What is the input &f ring frame?. Ans: 6oving 8roving hank may be 0.@180.-0,etc. 1 0. What is micr&n ire /alue? Ans: 5icro gram per inch.

1 1. Write $&1n the classificati&n &f fiber? Ans: &+' 7atural, &++' 5an made fiber. 1 2. What is the rati& bet1een length an$ 1ith &f fiber? Ans: /000:/ 1 3. T1ist an$ t1ist $irecti&n &f 6arn affects the fiber structure DTrue9FalseE Ans: True 1 4. What is C0? Ans: 0640niformity ratio4 &10<#pun length8B.1 span length'H/00 1 5. When fiber c&nsi$er sh&rt? Ans: 2ength shorter than 0.1inch or /B.-mm. 1 +. Wh6 6arn preparati&n is nee$e$? Ans: To increase weaving efficiency. 1 7. What is c&mp&nent fiber? Ans: bi)component fibers are synthetic fibers which fibers filament contains two types of polymer. 1 . What is the backb&ne &f the 1&rl$ te7tile tra$e?

Ans: %otton. 1 !. ,ilk fiber rea$il6 abs&rbs 1ater D"es9-&E? Ans: $es 1!0. Write $&1n the three t6pes &f fl6er? Ans: &+' #pindle mounted flyer, &++' top mounted flyer, &+++' close mounted flyer 1!1. Write $&1n the causes &f r&/ing breakage? Ans: &+' Tension variation, &++' +rregular roving

1!2. What is the length 1i$th rati& &f c&tt&n? Ans: /:>10 to /:6000 1!3. 2n staple9spun 6arn t1ist is must D"es9-&E? Ans: $es 1!4. %&tt&n is $iss&l/e$ int& 70;.2,H4 D"es9-&E?

Ans: $es 1!5. >isc&se is $iss&l/e$ int& 70;.2,H4 D"es9-&E? Ans: $es 1!+. Which &ne is bestB c&mbe$ 6arn &r car$e$ 6arn? Ans: %ombed yarn.

1!7. 0&/ing is 1in$ int& the b&bbin D"es9-&E? Ans: $es. 1! . 2f .3b&n$ present in fiber then fiber gets m&re strength D"es9-&E? Ans: $es 1!!. 5ute plant ha/e high %H2 Assembling rate D"es9-&E? Ans:$es 200. .&1 fiber is f&rme$? Ans. 9lementsO 5onomer8molecules8macromoleculesO ,olymer chainO !ibrils8micelleO !ibre