Pressure Design of Metals

ASME B31.
3 Process Piping Course
4. Pressure Design of Metals
ASME B31.3 Process Piping

Charles Becht IV, PhD, PE Don ri!!en, PE Instructors
Pressure Design of Metals "
Piping De#elop$ent Process

1. Esta%lish applica%le s&ste$ stan'ar'(s) *. Esta%lish 'esign con'itions 3. Ma!e o#erall piping $aterial 'ecisions
Pressure Class +elia%ilit& Materials of construction
4.
ine tune piping $aterial 'ecisions

Materials Deter$ine ,all thic!nesses Val#es
-. Esta%lish preli$inar& piping s&ste$ la&out . support configuration /. Perfor$ fle0i%ilit& anal&sis 1. inali2e la&out an' %ill of $aterials 3. a%ricate an' install 4. E0a$ine an' test
ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course

Design Pressure . 5e$perature 6ualit& actors 7el' 8oint Strength actor Pressure Design of Co$ponents
our Metho's Straight Pipe ittings a%ricate' Branch Connections langes an' Blan!s 9ther Co$ponents
Piping Material Specifications

5he Material in 5his Section is A''resse' %& B31.3 in:

Chapter II " Design Appen'i0 V " Allo,a%le Variations in Ele#ate' 5e$perature Ser#ice
Design Pressure . 5e$perature

design pressure: the pressure at the $ost se#ere con'ition of internal or e0ternal pressure an' te$perature e0pecte' 'uring ser#ice (3;1.*)
5he $ost se#ere con'ition is that ,hich results in the greatest re<uire' co$ponent thic!ness an' the highest co$ponent rating. 5he insi'e pipe in =ac!ete' piping shall %e 'esigne' for the $ost se#ere co$%ination of con'itions e0pecte' 'uring ser#ice. Short"ter$ #ariations $a& %e consi'ere' separatel&. (3;*.*.4)

design pressure:
Pro#isions shall %e $a'e to safel& contain or relie#e an& pressure to ,hich the piping $a& %e su%=ecte'. Sources of pressure to %e consi'ere' inclu'e > A$%ient influences > Pressure oscillations > I$proper operation > Deco$position of flui's > Static hea' > ailure of control 'e#ices

design temperature: the te$perature at ,hich, un'er the coinci'ent pressure, the greatest thic!ness or highest co$ponent rating is re<uire' (3;1.3). or insulate' piping:
Ma& %e ta!en as flui' te$perature Ma& %e %ase' on calculate' a#erage ,all te$perature, or Ma& %e %ase' on $easure$ents or tests Consi'er heat tracing an' other sources of heat

design temperature: ?ninsulate' piping
flui' te$peratures %elo, 1-;@ (/-@C): Shall %e ta!en as flui' te$perature, unless solar ra'iation or other effects $a!e the te$perature higher flui' te$peratures 1-;@ (/-@C) an' a%o#e: > Ma& %e ta!en as flui' te$perature > Ma& %e %ase' on calculate' a#erage ,all te$perature, or > Presu$pti#e re'uctions 'escri%e' in para. 3;1.3.3 $a& %e use'

design minimum temperature: the lo,est co$ponent te$perature e0pecte' in ser#ice
Ma& %e ta!en as flui' te$perature Ma& %e %ase' on calculate' a#erage ,all te$perature, or Ma& %e %ase' on $easure$ents or tests

allowance for pressure and temperature variation: 5he Co'e allo,s the 'esign pressure to %e set %elo, the $ost se#ere coinci'ent pressure an' te$perature un'er certain con'itions:
Ao cast iron or other non"'uctile co$ponents Ao$inal pressure stresses 'onBt e0cee' &iel' strength at te$perature Congitu'inal stresses are ,ithin the allo,a%le
1;

allowance for pressure and temperature variation: $ore con'itions:
5he nu$%er of e0cursions %e&on' 'esign 'oes
not e0cee' 1;;; 5he increase' pressure 'oes not e0cee' the test pressure 7ith the o,ners per$ission can e0cee' allo,a%le %& 33D for no $ore than 1; hrEe#ent an' no $ore than 1;; hrE&ear 7ith the o,ners per$ission can e0cee' allo,a%le %& *;D for no $ore than -; hrEe#ent an' nor $ore than -;; hrE&ear
11

allowance for pressure and temperature variation: $ore con'itions:
7ithout the o,ners per$ission, can e0cee' allo,a%le %& *;D for no $ore than -; hrEe#ent an' nor $ore than -;; hrE&ear for self"li$iting e#ents such as pressure relie#ing Effects of the #ariations $ust %e e#aluate', e.g. %& rules 'escri%e' in Appen'i0 V Differential pressure on #al#e closures shoul' not e0cee' $a0i$u$ esta%lishe' %& #al#e $anufacturer
1*

7or!shop Pro%le$ 1: St&rene $ono$er at a$%ient te$perature.
Pressure s,itch shuts off positi#e 'isplace$ent pu$p at /3; psi (43 %ar)
PSF
Deter$ine 'esign pressure, 'esign te$perature an' relief #al#e set pressure.
See Page *4 of the supple$ent.
13

7or!shop Pro%le$ *: If the line in pro%le$ 1 is stea$ cleane' ,ith -; psi (3.- %ar) stea$ superheate' to 13-G (34;GC)
7hat shoul' the 'esign pressure %eH 7hat shoul' the 'esign te$perature %eH 7hat shoul' the relief #al#e setting %eH
14
6ualit& actors
Casting <ualit& factor Ec (3;*.3.3) ?se' for cast co$ponents not ha#ing ratings Ec I 1.;; for gra& an' $allea%le iron Ec I #aries fro$ ;.3; to 1.;; 'epen'ing on the le#el of e0a$ination 5a%le A"1A lists Ec for specific pro'ucts 7el' =oint <ualit& factor E= (3;*.3.4) 5a%le 3**.3.4 lists factors use' for pipe So$e factors $a& %e increase' ,hen a''itional e0a$ination is perfor$e' 5a%le A"1B lists E= for specific pro'ucts
1-
7el' 8oint 6ualit& actor E=

Type of Weld Aone (sea$less) Electric +esistance 7el' urnace Butt 7el' Single usion 7el' Dou%le usion 7el' API -C SA7, JMA7
KDepen'ing on le#el of e0a$ination
Factor (5a%le 3;*.*.4) 1.;; ;.3;./; ;.3; to 1.;;K ;.3- to 1.;;K ;.41/
7el' 8oint Strength actor

7el' =oint strength re'uction factor 7 (3;*.3.-) ?se' to account for the long"ter$ (creep) strength of ,el's that $a& %e lo,er than the %ase $aterial In the a%sence of $ore applica%le 'ata, 7 shall %e 1.;; for all $aterials 4-;@ (-1;@C) an' %elo, ;.-; for all $aterials at 1-;;@ (31-@C) Cinearl& interpolate' for inter$e'iate te$peratures
7 #alues are %ase' on testing of selecte' lo, allo&s, stainless steels, an' nic!el allo&s
11
Pressure Design of Co$ponents

our Metho's for Pressure Design Straight Pipe ittings
Pipe Ben's Miter Ben's +e'ucers
a%ricate' Branch Connections langes an' Blan!s 9ther Co$ponents

13
our Metho's for Pressure Design

Calculations in accor'ance ,ith Co'e for$ula +atings gi#en in a co$ponent stan'ar' +atings sa$e as straight sea$less pipe 6ualification %& calculation plus e0perience, anal&sis or test
14
Straight Pipe
5otal thic!ness re<uire' is the su$ of
1. Pressure 'esign thic!ness *. Manufacturing tolerance (usuall& 1*.-D of the no$inal ,all thic!ness) 3. Corrosion (or erosion) allo,ance 4. Mechanical allo,ances, e.g. threa'ing
*;
Straight Pipe
5hrea'ing allo,ance " no$inal threa'
'epth 'escri%e' in ASME B1.*;.1 APS L.M 1 thru * Depth (in.) ;.;-1 ;.;/4 Depth ($$) 1.41.11
*1
Straight Pipe
t = PD / [2 ( !W " P#$%
7here: t I pressure 'esign thic!ness P I 'esign pressure D I outsi'e 'ia$eter of pipe S I stress #alue for $aterial fro$ Appen'i0 A E I <ualit& factor 7 I ,el' =oint strength re'uction factor N I coefficient (function of $aterial an' te$perature), usuall& ;.4
**
Coefficient N
O4;;@ O43*@C 4-;@ -1;@C 1;;;@ 1;-;@ -33@C -//@C 11;;@ -43@C P11-;@ P /*1@C
erritic Steels Austenitic Steels 9ther Ductile Metals Cast Iron
;.4 ;.4 ;.4 ;.;
;.;.4 ;.4 """
;.1 ;.4 ;.4 """
;.1 ;.4 ;.4 """
;.1 ;.;.4 """
;.1 ;.1 ;.4 """
*3
Straight Pipe 7all 5hic!ness

Wor&s'op: 7hat is the re<uire' no$inal pipe ,all thic!ness for the follo,ing case: St&rene $ono$er ser#ice
AS5M A-3 Jr B E+7 car%on steel pipe Design pressure an' te$perature fro$ Pro%le$s 1 an' *, page *4 of the supple$ent. S I *;,;;; psi (133 MPa) " #erif& Corrosion allo,ance I 1E3Q (3.* $$) Soc!et ,el'ing thru APS 1L Butt,el'ing APS * an' larger
See Supple$ent starting on page 31.

*4
Pipe 7all 5hic!nesses

)ar*on teel TD WT + WT ++ WT (lso for )ar*on teel Sch 1; Sch *; Sch 3; c' .Sch /; c' /c' ,0tainless teel Sch -S c' ,c' .Sch 3;S
*-
Pipe 7all 5hic!ness

S5D 75 an' Sch 4; are the sa$e APS 1E3 through 1; S5D 75 is 3E3Q (4.-* $$) APS 1* an' larger RS 75 an' Sch 3; are the sa$e APS 1E3 through 3 RS 75 is 1E*Q (1*.1; $$) APS 3 an' larger Sch 4;S is the sa$e as S5D 75 Sch 3;S is the sa$e as RS 75
*/
ittings
1isted Fittings " Can %e use' ,ithin their pressure"te$perature ratings 2nlisted Fittings " Must ha#e pressurete$perature ratings that confor$ ,ith para. 3;4
+ules for specific geo$etries in paras. 3;4.* through 3;4./ +ules for other geo$etries in para. 3;4.1
*1
ittings " Ciste'

1/;; 14;; 1*;; 1;;; 3;; /;; 4;; *;; ; ; 1;; *;; 3;;
itting E0a$ple
Class 1-; Class 3;; up to APS *
4;;
-;;
Temperature (F$
B1/.3 " Mallea%le Iron 5hrea'e' ittings

(?S Custo$ar& ?nits)
*3
ittings " Ciste'

1;;.; 3;.; /;.; 4;.; *;.; ;.; ; -; 1;; 1-;
itting E0a$ple
Class 1-; Class 3;; up to APS *
*;;
*-;
Temperature ()$
B1/.3 " Mallea%le Iron 5hrea'e' ittings

(Metric ?nits)
*4
ittings " Ciste'
itting E0a$ple
B1/.4 " 7rought Steel Butt,el' ittings 5he allo,a%le pressure ratings for fittings 'esigne' in accor'ance ,ith this stan'ar' $a& %e calculate' as for straight sea$less pipe of e<ui#alent $aterialSin accor'ance ,ith the rules esta%lishe' in the applica%le sections of ASME B31SPipe si2e, ,all thic!nessSan' $aterial i'entit& on the fittings are in lieu of pressure rating $ar!ings.
3;
ittings " Ciste'
itting E0a$ple
B1/.11 " orge' ittings, Soc!et 7el'ing . 5hrea'e' Design te$perature an' other ser#ice con'itions shall %e li$ite' as pro#i'e' %& the applica%le piping co'e or regulation for the $aterial of construction of the fittings. 7ithin these li$its the $a0i$u$ allo,a%le pressure of a fitting shall %e that co$pute' for straight sea$less pipe of e<ui#alent $aterialS
31
ittings " Ciste'
itting E0a$ple
B1/.11 " orge' ittings, Soc!et 7el'ing . 5hrea'e' 5he sche'ule of pipe correspon'ing to each Class of fitting for rating purposes is sho,nS )lass *;;; 3;;; /;;; 3;;; /;;; 4;;; T'd/ W 5h' 5h' 5h' S7 S7 S7 c' 3o4 3; 1/; """ 3; 1/; """ Wall RS """ RRS RS """ RRS 3*
Pipe Ben's
t = PD / [2 ( !W/5 " P#$%
7here: II T4(+1ED) " 1U E T4(+1ED) " *U at the intra'os I I T4(+1ED) V 1U E T4(+1ED) V *U at the e0tra'os I I 1.; at the si'e centerline +1 I Ben' ra'ius
33
Miter Ben's
Pm = [ !W(T6c$/r2% 7 8F
7here: r* I $ean ra'ius of pipe J I factor %ase' on the $iter angle (W) an' %en' ra'ius
34
+e'ucers
Ma& %e 'esigne' in accor'ance ,ith rules in ASME B.PV Co'e, Section VIII, Di#ision 1 for conical or toriconical sections.
3-
a%ricate' Branch Connections

5&pical 7el'e' Branch Connections T
ig.3*3.-.4U
?nreinforce'
+einforce'
Cateral (angular %ranch)

3/
a%ricate' Branch Connections
31
langes an' Blan!s

1isted Flanges 9 :lan&s " Can %e use' ,ithin their pressure"te$perature ratings 2nlisted Flanges 9 :lan&s " Must ha#e pressure"te$perature ratings that confor$ ,ith
+ules for specific geo$etries in paras. 3;4.- +ules for other geo$etries in para. 3;4.1
33
langes an' Blan!s

1isted Flange !;ample: B1/.- " Pipe an' lange' ittings
<--0---
langes
=--.-->--2--,--,-2->-.-=-0-<-/-?-,---
Class 1-; Class 3;; Class /;; Class 4;; Class 1-;; Class *-;;
Temperature (F$
34
langes an' Blan!s

1isted :lan& !;ample: B1/.43 " Steel Cine Blan!s +atings the sa$e as for flanges of correspon'ing $aterial Blan! thic!nesses ,ere 'eter$ine' in accor'ance ,ith B31.3 rules
4;
langes an' Blan!s

2nlisted Flanges 9 :an&s: langes $a& %e 'esigne' in accor'ance ,ith ASME B.PV Co'e, Section VIII, Di#ision 1, Appen'i0 * ,ith B31.3 allo,a%le stresses Blan!s $a& %e 'esigne' in accor'ance ,ith para. 3;4.-.3
41
9ther Co$ponents T3;4.1.*U

Co$ponents for ,hich there are no specific rules re<uire:
Calculations consistent ,ith the 'esign criteria of B31.3, an' Su%stantiation of the calculations %&
> E0tensi#e successful e0perience > E0peri$ental stress anal&sis > Proof test, or > inite ele$ent stress anal&sis
Docu$entation a#aila%le for o,nerBs appro#al Interpolation %et,een si2es . thic!nesses allo,e'
4*
Piping Material Specifications

Descriptions of co$ponents in a piping $aterial specification shoul' inclu'e as applica%le:
Jeneric 'escription of the co$ponent Material specification, usuall& AS5M (inclu'e $aterial gra'e) +ating or ,all thic!ness Pro'uct specification, usuall& B1/ or MSS En's (%utt,el', soc!et ,el', threa'e') 5&pe an' facing for flanges
43

Pressure Design of Metals

Încărcat de

Informații document

Titlu original

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Pressure Design of Metals

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

ASME B31.

3 Process Piping Course

4. Pressure Design of Metals

ASME B31.3 Process Piping

Piping De#elop$ent Process

ine tune piping $aterial 'ecisions

ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course

4. Pressure Design of Metals

4. Pressure Design of Metals

Piping Material Specifications

5he Material in 5his Section is A''resse' %& B31.3 in: