CIVPRO - QandA

Abala. 2u14B. Civil Pioceuuie Recit Q anu A. }uuge Bela Rosa.
! hinui natin masagot

** ! paulit ulit na tinatanong
^ ! juuge says to take note because its impoitant
1
- Kataiungang Pambaiangay ! conuition pieceuent not complieu with,
then BISNISS foi lack of cause of actionpiematuiity
WBY. If conuition pieceuent not complieu with, then issue
not yet iipe foi aujuuication

!"#$ &'( )*+,*- +* .,/),//
- Bow uoes a juuge iesolve a NTB.
uiant
Beny
Amenu pleauing
" If the couit oiueis an amenument, can you still file
a NTB. YES. But subject to 0mnibus Notion Rule. If
you'ie going to file NTB, it shoulu be baseu on
giounus not iaiseu eailiei oi not pieviously
iesolveu by the couit
- An NTB hypothetically aumits
Nateiial anu
Relevant facts
}uuge says: peitinent
A motion to uismiss hypothetically aumits the tiuth of the
factual allegations of the complaint. The aumission extenus
only to such matteis of fact that have been sufficiently
pleaueu anu not to meie epithets chaiging fiauu, allegations
of legal conclusions oi eiioneous statements of law,
infeiences fiom facts not stateu, matteis of eviuence oi
iiielevant matteis. 0nly ueemeu hypothetically aumitteu aie
mateiial allegations, not conclusions.
- What aien't aumitteu aie expiessions of opinion, conclusions of law,
matteis of eviuence
- Regaiuing cause of action (Section 1(g), Rule 16)
Look at the allegations!
When the giounu foi uismissal is that the complaint states
no cause of action, such fact can be ueteimineu only fiom the
facts allegeu in the complaint
Test of sufficiency: baseu on the allegations, wn couit can
make a uecision
Naicoppei Nining v. uaicia: When a motion to uismiss is
baseu on the giounu that the complaint states no cause of
action, no eviuence may be alloweu anu the issue shoulu be
iesolveu baseu only on the allegations of the complaint.
" EXCEPT when the couit has ACCESS to othei
pleauings
- If you file a NTB anu is giounueu on lack of juiisuiction ovei the
uefenuant ANB othei giounus, is it voluntaiy appeaiance.
N0
The inclusion in a motion to uismiss of othei giounus asiue
fiom lack of juiisuiction ovei the peison of the uefenuant
shall not be ueemeu a voluntaiy appeaiance. (Section 2u,
Rule 1S)
- Following giounus NEvER waiveu (Rule 9, Section 1):
Lack of juiisuiction ovei subject mattei
Litis penuentia
Res juuicata
Piesciiption
- Is capacity to sue = lack of cause of action. (Section 1(u), Rule 16)
N0
Lanu example: Theie was a uouble sale. Alien was a buyei in
one.
" Alien has cause of action to sue foi uamages but no
stanuing to sue foi iecoveiypossession of lanu
Civil inteiuiction may be a giounu foi no legal capacity to
sue
0FW who's abioau wants to sue someone in the countiy
must authoiize his iepiesentative
- If theie aie two penuing suits (litis penuentia), which shoulu you
uismiss.
Look at uate of filing. Bismiss the latei one. B0T
If the latei one is a moie appiopiiate vehicle foi litigating the
issues (as in its bioauei in scope), then uismiss the fiist case.
- In an action foi uamages secuieu by a bonu, the awaiu of uamages
must be baseu on the bonu only
- The two aspects of ies juuicata aie
Bai by foimei juugment - bais the piosecution of a seconu
action upon the same claim, uemanu oi causes of action
" Final oiuei of a couit
" Couit with competent juiisuiction
" IBENTITY of cause of action, paities, subject mattei
Conclusiveness of juugment - states that a fact oi question
which was in issue in a foimei suit anu was theie juuicially
passeu upon anu ueteimineu by a couit of competent
juiisuiction, is conclusively settleu by the juugment theiein
as fai as the paities to that action anu peisons in piivity with
them aie conceineu anu cannot be again litigateu in any
futuie action between such paities oi theii piivies, in the
same couit oi any othei couit of concuiient juiisuiction on
eithei the same oi uiffeient cause of action, while the
juugment iemains unieveiseu by piopei authoiity
" N0 iuentity of cause of action, but that of issues
2
In testing iuentity: see if same eviuence is
neeueu to uispute the claim
- Ballacai Tiansit Inc, uR 17SS12, Nay Su, 2u11 case: veiification is
meiely a foimal, not a juiisuictional iequisite compaieu to a
ceitificate of non-foium shopping (which shoulu be peisonally signeu
by the paities)
uR: pleauings neeu not be veiifieu
Exception: theie is a law iequiiing the same (like a petition
foi ieview fiom RTC to CA, petition foi ieview fiom quasi-
juuicial bouies to CA, petition foi ieview befoie the SC unuei
Rule 4S, petition foi annulment of juugment oi final oiuei
unuei Rule 47, complaint foi injunction unuei Rule 48,
application foi pieliminaiy injunction oi TR0, application
foi appointment of ieceivei, application foi suppoit
penuente lite
- Pineua v. Beiis of uuevaiia: laches in ielation to motion to uismiss
Piesciiption ! couit can uismiss aftei looking at pleauing
Laches ! ieception of eviuence must be uone to piove
existence of laches

!"#$ &0( .,/),//1# *2 13+,*-/
- **The piivilege to uismiss the case uoes not only to belong to
uefenuant; plaintiff as well in the following instances:
Notice of uismissal
" Nattei of iight
" **Befoie seivice of answei 0R motion foi summaiy
juugment T0 TBE PLAINTIFF
" ueneially without piejuuice EXCEPT when notice
so pioviues oi plaintiff has pieviously uismisseu
the same case in a couit of competent juiisuiction
(Section 1, Rule 17)
NTB
" **Aftei the answeimotion foi summaiy juugment
" Not a mattei of iight
- What is juugment without piejuuice.
The complaint can be iefileu
- **What is Two Bismissal Rule.
The two-uismissal iule applies when the plaintiff has (a)
twice uismisseu actions, (b) baseu on oi incluuing the same
claim, (c) in a couit of competent juiisuiction. The seconu
notice of uismissal will bai the iefiling of the action because
it will opeiate as an aujuuication of the claim upon the
meiits. In othei woius, the claim may only be fileu twice, the
fiist being the claim embouieu in the oiiginal complaint.
Since as a iule, the uismissal is without piejuuice, the same
claim may be iefileu. If the iefileu claim oi complaint is
uismisseu again thiough a seconu notice of uismissal, that
seconu notice tiiggeis the application of the two-uismissal
iule anu the uismissal is to be ueemeu one with piejuuice
because it is consiueieu as an aujuuication upon the meiits.
Bow many times can you file it aftei the FIRST uismissal.
0nce moie.
" B0T, in effect, AFTER SEC0NB uismissal, you
can't file anymoie. WITB piejuuice na
Two-uismissal iule iequiies that B0TB uismissals aie
gianteu by a couit of C0NPETENT }0RISBICTI0N
(Regalauo)
}uuge says if it's a fiist uismissal thiough notice oi motion,
make suieencouiage that the juuge ueclaie that the
uismissal be with piejuuice.
- **If the couit uoes not state anything in oiuei uismissing.
Its WITB00T piejuuice
- If the oiiginal claim is uismisseu, what happens to the counteiclaim.
If a counteiclaim has been pleaueu by a uefenuant piioi to
the seivice upon him of the plaintiff's motion foi uismissal,
the uismissal shall be limiteu to the complaint. The uismissal
shall be without piejuuice to the iight of the uefenuant to
piosecute his counteiclaim in a sepaiate action unless
within 1S uays fiom notice of the motion he manifests his
piefeience to have the counteiclaim iesolveu in the same
action. (Section 2, Rule 17)
Counteiclaim suivives if it is pleaueu befoie the seivice upon
the uefenuant of the plaintiff's motion foi uismissal.
}uuge says counteiclaim suivives! At a heaiing foi motion to
uismiss fileu by plaintiff, you bettei ask the uefenuants if
they still want to puisue theii counteiclaim.
WN peimissive oi compulsoiy counteiclaim, uefenuant has
the option to piosecute in a sepaiate action oi to have it
iesolveu in the same action, pioviueu that he tells the couit
his piefeience 1S uays fiom notice of NTB
Pinga v. Beiis of Santiago: theie is no uistinction between
peimissivecompulsoiy
- Theie's uismissal uue to fault of plaintiff. Can couit uismiss motu
piopiio oi uoes it have to wait foi a motion.
The complaint may be uismisseu upon motion of the
uefenuant oi upon the couit's own motion, without
piejuuice to the iight of the uefenuant to piosecute his
counteiclaim in the same oi in a sepaiate action. This
S
uismissal shall have the effect of an aujuuication upon the
meiits, unless otheiwise ueclaieu by the couit. (Section S,
Rule 17)
Bismissal uue to fault of plaintiff is WITB piejuuice, unless
stateu by the couit
- **What aie the instances couit can motu piopiio uismiss the case.
(Peio kung ikaw yung juuge, hintayin mo na yung motion paia safe)
Plaintiff fails to appeai foi no justifiable cause on the uate of
the piesentation of his eviuence in chief on the complaint;
Plaintiff fails to piosecute his action foi an unieasonable
length of time;
Plaintiff fails to comply with these Rules 0R ANY 0RBER of
the couit.
Accung to }ustice Sabio: these aie the only instances wheie
couit can uismiss motu piopiio anu those founu in Section 1,
Rule 9. All 0TBERS TBR00uB N0TI0NS.
Accung to Bautista: If the complaint was coupleu with a
piovisional iemeuy (anu such iemeuy was gianteu by the
couit), the uismissal by the plaintiff shoulu not be by meie
notice. It shoulu be thiough motion because iights of the
uefenuant weie alieauy uistuibeu

!"#$ &4( 5!$6+!,1#
- Complaint ! Answei ! Pie-tiial ! Tiial
- Buiing pie-tiial, theie is pieliminaiy confeience, juuicial uispute
iesolution, couit meuiation
- What uo you mean by last pleauing.
The last peimissible pleauing that a paity can file is the ieply
to the answei to the last pleauing asseiting a claim. The
claim coulu be the oiiginal complaint, the counteiclaim, the
cioss-claim oi the thiiu-paity complaint. If an answei is fileu
anu seiveu in iesponse to these answeis is the ieply which is
to be fileu within 1u uays fiom the seivice of the pleauing
iesponueu to (Section 6, Rule 11)
The last pleauing neeu not be liteially constiueu as one
having been seiveu anu fileu. Foi puiposes of the pie-tiial,
the expiiation of the peiiou foi filing the last pleauing
without it having been seiveu anu fileu is sufficient.
Technically, the last pleauing is REPLY
- It is plaintiff who moves foi pie-tiial, within S uays aftei last pleauing.
Shoulu the plaintiff fail to file saiu motion within the given peiiou, the
CLERK 0F C00RT shall issue a notice of pie-tiial (AN No. uS-1u9-SC)
- Couit issuessets pieliminaiy confeience
- 0nuei AN, is theie pieliminaiy confeience foi civil cases.
YES
Pieliminaiy confeience is conuucteu befoie the cleik of
couit to help the juuge.
- Natteis to be taken up in pie-tiial.
A pie-tiial is a pioceuuial uevice helu piioi to the tiial foi
the couit to consiuei the following puiposes:
" The possibility of an amicable settlement oi a
submission to alteinative moues of uispute
iesolution
" The simplification of the issues
" The necessity oi uesiiability of amenuments to the
pleauings
" The possibility of obtaining stipulations oi
aumissions of facts anu of uocuments to avoiu
unnecessaiy pioof
" The limitation of the numbei of witnesses
" The auvisability of a pieliminaiy iefeience of
issues to a commissionei
" The piopiiety of ienueiing juugment on the
pleauings, oi summaiy juugment, oi of uismissing
the action shoulu a valiu giounu theiefoie be founu
to exist
" The auvisability oi necessity of suspenuing the
pioceeuings
" Such othei matteis as may aiu in the piompt
uisposition of the action (Section 2, Rule 18)
Possibility of juuging the case on summaiy juugment, if this
was ueciueu upon, the necessaiy motion must still be fileu
by the necessaiy paity.
- Who gets notice of pie-tiial.
Counsel
If no counsel, paities themselves (Section S, Rule 18)
- Whose piesence uuiing pie-tiial is moie impoitant.
Paities!
}uuge says piesence of the paities impoitant!! Nevei minu
the absence of the lawyeis. Paities not theie, then the juuge
cannot give iemeuies to eithei paity
The failuie of the plaintiff to appeai shall be cause foi the
uismissal of the action. This uismissal shall be with piejuuice
except when the couit oiueis otheiwise (Section S, Rule 18).
Since the uismissal of the action shall be with piejuuice,
unless otheiwise pioviueu, the same shall have the effect of
an aujuuication on the meiits thus, final. The iemeuy of the
plaintiff is to appeal fiom the oiuei of uismissal. An oiuei
4
uismissing an action with piejuuice is appealable. 0nuei the
Rules, it is only when the oiuei of uismissal is without
piejuuice, that appeal cannot be availeu of (Section 1(g),
Rule 41).
The failuie of the uefenuant to appeai shall be cause to allow
the plaintiff to piesent his eviuence ex paite anu foi the
couit to ienuei juugment on the basis of the eviuence
piesenteu by the plaintiff. (Section S, Rule 18). The oiuei of
the couit allowing the plaintiff to piesent his eviuence ex
paite uoes not uispose of the case with finality. The oiuei is
theiefoie, meiely inteilocutoiy hence, not appealable.
- Pie-tiial ! what bettei way to iesolve the issue since its paities
themselves thiough NEBIATI0N
At the stait of the pieliminaiy confeience, the juuge is
manuateu to iefei the paities anuoi theii counsels to the
meuiation unit of the Philippine Neuiation Centei foi
puiposes of meuiation. If meuiation fails, the juuge will
scheuule the continuance of the pieliminaiy confeience. This
iule applies to Netio Nanila, Cebu, Bavao anu othei places
wheie Philippine Neuiation Centei 0nits may be fuithei
oiganizeu anu uesignateu. (AN No. 2u-2uu2, AN No. Su-
2uuS)
If this fails, go to }0BICIAL BISP0TE RES0L0TI0N
" Beie, juuge meets with both paities. }BR juuge will
tell which paity has the stiongei casetell paities
wheie they stanu so that they alieauy settle.
" No one can foice the paities to settle.
" If }BR fails, then case is RAFFLEB T0 TRIAL }0BuE
- The juuge shoulu not allow the teimination of pie-tiial simply
because of the manifestation of the paities that they cannot settle the
case. Insteau, he shoulu expose the paities to the auvantages of pie-
tiial. Be must also be minuful that theie aie impoitant aspects of the
pie-tiial that ought to be taken up to expeuite the uisposition of the
case (Am No. uS-1-u9-SC)
- If all effoits to settle fail, the tiial juuge shall enueavoi to achieve the
othei puiposes of a pie-tiial like, among otheis, obtaining aumissions
oi stipulations of fact. To obtain aumissions, the juuge shall ask the
paities to submit whatevei uepositions have been taken unuei Rule
2S, the answeis to wiitten inteiiogatoiies unuei Rule 2S anu the
answeis to iequest foi aumissions by the auveise paity unuei Rule
26.
- ^ Effect of non-filing of pie-tiial biief.
Same effect as non-attenuance (Section 6, Rule 18)
If it is the plaintiff who fails to file, such failuie shall be cause
foi uismissal of the action. If it is the uefenuant who fails to
uo so, failuie shall be cause to allow the plaintiff to piesent
his eviuence ex paite.
The uismissal of a complaint foi failuie to file pie-tiial biief
is uiscietionaiy on the pait of the tiial couit.
Any aumission in pie-tiial biief, as well as PT, the paities aie
bounu!
- Bow uo you excuse the piesence of a paity.
Theie must also be a vALIB CA0SE shown foi absence oi a
iepiesentative shall appeai in his behalf fully authoiizeu in
wiiting to entei into any of the following matteis:
" An amicable settlement
" Alteinative moues of uispute iesolution
" Stipulations anu aumissions of facts (Section 4,
Rule 18)
^ Special Powei of Attoiney
The phiaseology of the piovision suggests that it is not
sufficient foi the wiitten authoiity to give to the
iepiesentative the powei to entei into one of the matteis
mentioneu in Section 4. The authoiity must stipulate ALL
TBREE. An incomplete authoiity uoes not satisfy the
iequiiements of the Rules anu shoulu be ueemeu the
equivalent of having no authoiity at all.
Wiitten authoiity given to the iepiesentative must be
coupleu with an explanation showing a valiu cause foi a
paity's non-appeaiance.
- }uuge iecaps: impoitant points aie ! Piesence REQ0IREB (if not uuly
empoweieu uapat ang iepiesentatives!), pie-tiial biief, notice
Buty of counsel to infoim client about uate of pie-tiial. If
client can't appeai, then SPA!

!"#$ &7( ,-+$!8$-+,*-
- **Who may inteivene.
0ne who has legal inteiest in the mattei in litigation
0ne who has legal inteiest in the success of eithei of the
paities
0ne who has an inteiest against both paities
0ne who is so situateu as to be auveisely affecteu by a
uistiibution oi othei uisposition of piopeity in the custouy
of the couit oi of an officei theieof (Section 1, Rule 19)
- **Tiial juuge looks at these to allow inteivention:
Not just the meie fact that he has legal inteiest - the legal
inteiest must be one that is actual anu mateiial, uiiect anu of
S
an immeuiate chaiactei, not meiely contingent oi expectant
so that the inteivenoi will eithei gain oi lose by the uiiect
legal opeiation of the juugment.
Whethei oi not the inteivention will unuuly uelay oi
piejuuice the aujuuication of the iights of the oiiginal
paities, anu
Whethei oi not the inteivenoi's iights may be fully
piotecteu in a sepaiate pioceeuing (Section 1, Rule 19)
- ^Biffeience between inteivention anu inteipleauei
Inteivention Inteipleauei
An ancillaiy action An oiiginal action
Piopei in any of the foui situations
mentioneu in Section 1, Rule 19
Piesupposes that the plaintiff has no
inteiest in the subject mattei of the
action oi has an inteiest theiein,
which in whole oi in pait, is not
uisputeu by othei paities to the action
The action is against eithei oi both
the oiiginal paities to the penuing suit
Befenuants aie being sueu piecisely
to impleau them
Commenceu by a motion to inteivene
fileu in a penuing case attaching
theieto the pleauing-in-inteivention
Commenceu by the filing of a
complaint, it being an oiiginal action

- Biffeience between substitution anu inteivention
- **When can a paity inteivene.
Notion to inteivene may be fileu at any time befoie
ienuition of juugment by the tiial couit (Section 2, Rule 19)
- Pleauings-in-inteivention
Complaint-in-inteivention: fileu if inteivenoi asseits a claim
against eithei oi all of the oiiginal paities; also unites with
uefenuant
Answei-in-inteivention: fileu if inteivenoi unites with the
uefenuant in iesisting a claim against the lattei (Section S,
Rule 19)
- If a paity fails to answei a complaint-in-inteivention, can they be
ueclaieu in uefault.
N0PE. Neeu not file such answei anyway!
- If you fail to file an answei-in-inteivention, }ustice Regalauo says you
can be helu in uefault. B0T }ustice Sabio says otheiwise. If you'ie
ueclaieu in uefault, you lose stanuing in couit. Issues between them
hau alieauy been joineu. Now, heie comes an inteivenoi, anu just
because no answei was fileu, he is helu in uefault
- Note case NBTC as compaieu to Baiangay Natictic

!"#$ 9:( 31#$-.1! *2 31/$/
- Piefeiences of cases:
Babeas Coipus
Election
Special civil cases
Those so iequiieu by law (Section 1, Rule 2u)
" Wiit of Ampaio
" Wiit of Kalikasan
- When is iaffle conuucteu.
If single sala couit (lone couit) - then no moie iaffle
Wheie theie aie bianches - Nonuays anu Thuisuays
0thei couits, minsan lang pumasok, so once lang. Peio
pweue iin thiice. But it also uepenus on the numbei of
bianches.

!"#$ 9&( /";5*$-1
- What is subpoena.
Piocess uiiecteu to a peison iequiiing him to attenu anu to
testify at the heaiing oi the tiial of an action, oi at any
investigation conuucteu by competent authoiity, oi foi the
taking of his ueposition. It may also iequiie him to biing
with him any books, uocuments, oi othei things unuei his
contiol. (Section 1, Rule 21)
- Biffeientiate subpoena au testificanuum fiom uuces tecum
Au Testificanuum: uiiecteu to a peison iequiiing him to
attenu anu testify oi foi the taking of his ueposition
Buces Tecum: to biing books, uocuments oi othei things
unuei contiol; objective eviuence
- Boes issuing subpoena mean you get juiisuiction ovei that peison.
N0
- Is it necessaiy that the couit is heaiing a casepenuing action befoie it
issues a subpoena.
N0
- Seivice of subpoena
Seivice maue in the same mannei as peisonal oi substituteu
seivice of summons
The oiiginal shall be exhibiteu anu a copy theieof be
ueliveieu to the peison on whom it is seiveu
Tenueiing to him the fees foi one uay's attenuance oi
kilometiage alloweu by the Rules; except that, when a
subpoena is issueu by oi on behalf of the Republic of the
Philippines oi an officei oi agency theieof, the tenuei neeu
not be maue
6
The seivice must be maue so as to allow the witness a
ieasonable time foi piepaiation anu tiavel to the place of
attenuance
If the subpoena is uuces tecum, the ieasonable cost of
piouucing the books, uocuments, oi things uemanueu shall
also be tenueieu (Section 6, Rule 21)
- What aie the giounus to quash a subpoena.
Buces Tecum
" Notion piopeily maue anu
" Pioof that
It is unieasonable anu oppiessive
Aiticles sought to be piouuceu uo not
appeai piima facie to be ielevant to the
issues
Peison asking uoes not auvance the cost
foi the piouuction of the aiticles uesiieu
Au Testificanuum
" If the witness is not bounu theieby (Section 4, Rule
21)
- In the absence of Section 8 (Compelling attenuance) anu 9
(Contempt), can the couit still punish absence.
Yes
- Cases iegaiuing uepositions, sections 8 anu 9 of Rule 2S only apply to
civil cases
- Bence, what is iecouise if its a ciiminal case.
Witness still has to testify in couit
If not possible, still testify in couit wheie he is but subject to
cioss-examination
- Recouise when peison subpoenaeu absent
Waiiant foi the aiiest of the witness if uisobeuience was
willful ANB without just cause
Contempt if without just cause
Foi }uuge: let him off with a waining. Bettei yet, wait foi the
othei paity to uo something. Pweue paiing inuiiect
contempt.
- Witness lives moie than 1uukm, he uoes not show up, can he be
aiiesteu.
In civil cases, N0. Sections 8 anu 9 uo not apply! (Section 1u,
Rule 21)

!"#$ 99( 3*)5"+1+,*- *2 +,)$
- What othei events, asiue fiom calamities, can inteiiupt iunning of the
peiiou.

!"#$ 9<( .$5*/,+,*-/ 5$-.,-= 13+,*-
- **When is leave of couit necessaiy.
Aftei juiisuiction has been obtaineu ovei any uefenuant oi
ovei the piopeity which is the subject of the action but
BEF0RE an answei has been fileu (issues aie not yet joineu)
Beposition of a peison confineu in piison (Section 1, Rule
2S)
- N0T necessaiy
When answei has been seiveu alieauy anu ueponent is not
confineu in piison (Section 1, Rule 2S)
- Scope of ueposition
Any mattei not piivilegeu
Any mattei ielevant to the subject of the action
Not iestiicteu by a piotective oiuei (Section 2, Rule 2S)
- ^ In uepositions, not alloweu aie piivilegeu matteis! This is because
uepositions can be useu as fishing expeuitions.
- If not stateu in Section 4 (0se of uepositions), shoulu uepositions be
useu.
Client can oppose ueposition if not within Section 4
- ueneially uepositions aie useu foi uiscoveiy
- Who to take uepositions.
Within the Philippines
" }uuge
" Notaiy Public
" Any peison authoiizeu to auministei oaths, as
stipulateu by the paities in wiiting. (Section 1u,
Rule 2S)
0utsiue the Philippines
" 0n notice befoie a secietaiy of embassy oi legation,
consul, vice-consul oi consulai agent of the
Republic of the Philippines
" Befoie such peison oi officei as may be appointeu
by commission oi unuei letteis iogatoiy
" Any peison authoiizeu to auministei oaths as
stipulateu by the paities in wiiting (Section 11,
Rule 2S)
- Regaiuing paities stipulateu, what is the minimum qualification.
Paities must stipulate in wiiting that they agiee
Peison taking ueposition must be one authoiizeu to
auministei oath (because it can be useu against the auveise
paity) (Section 14, Rule 2S)
- Biffeientiate commission fiom letteis iogatoiy
Commission Letteis Rogatoiy
7
Issueu to a non-juuicial foieign officei
who will uiiectly take the testimony
Issueu to the appiopiiate juuicial
officei of the foieign countiy who will
uiiect somebouy in saiu foieign
countiy to take uown testimony
Applicable iules of pioceuuie aie
those of the iequesting couit
Applicable iules foi pioceuuie aie
those of the foieign couit iequesteu to
act
Resoiteu to if peimission of the
foieign countiy is given
Resoiteu to if the execution of the
commission is iefuseu in the foieign
countiy
Leave of couit is not necessaiy Leave of couit is necessaiy

- ^ Peison who will take ueposition ! paities can stipulate who but as
to mannei of taking, paities can't stipulate anu must follow iules of
couit
- ^ Paity may iefuse to answei if question is annoying, embaiiassing,
will violate iight against self-inciimination
At any time uuiing the taking of the ueposition, on motion oi
petition of any paity oi of the ueponent anu upon a showing
that the examination is being conuucteu in bau faith oii in
such a mannei as unieasonably to annoy, embaiiass, oi
oppiess the ueponent oi paity, the couit in which the action
is penuing oi the RTC of the place wheie the ueposition is
being taken may ovei the officei conuucting the examination
to cease foithwith fiom taking the ueposition, oi may limit
the scope anu mannei of the taking of the ueposition.
(Section 18, Rule 2S)
- ^ Beponent shoulu be nameu. But it is N0T a iequiiement. Foi
instance, in a foieign coipoiation, you uo not know who the ueponent
is. }ust uesciibe him with paiticulaiity.
- You can ask leauing questions in uepositions. But the officei taking the
uepositions can't iule.
- 0pon the waivei of paities anu ueponent, they may waive the ieauing
of the ueposition. (Section 19, Rule 2S)
- Is failuie to object = waivei.
Not necessaiily
0bjections aie noteu in the uepositions
**Who iules on the objections.
" N0T the officei
" Couit
- Resoits to moues of uiscoveiy N0T NANBAT0RY
- Paities aie stiongly encouiageu to iesoit to moues of uiscoveiy,
litigants to use this to theii auvantage
- Sanctions couit may impose
Contempt
- ^ Basmaiinas v. Reyes: neeu of possible cioss-examinations on the
intenueu witness. If theie is no cioss examination, then the couit
shoulu not accept the testimonylone statements

!"#$ 9>( .$5*/,+,*-/ ;$2*!$ 13+,*- *! 5$-.,-= 155$1#
- Rule 2S also applies to uepositions unuei Rule 24

!"#$ 9?( ,-+$!!*=1+*!,$/ +* 51!+,$/
- Biffeience between wiitten inteiiogatoiies fiom wiitten uepositions
Bepositions upon wiitten
inteiiogatoiies to paities (Section 2S,
Rule 2S)
Inteiiogatoiies to Paities (Rule 2S)
Beponent is paity oi oiuinaiy witness Beponent is paity only
Pioceuuie: with inteivention of the
officei authoiizeu by the couit to take
ueposition
Pioceuuie: No inteivention. Wiitten
inteiiogatoiies aie uiiecteu to the
paity himself
Scope: Biiect, cioss, ieuiiect, ie-cioss Scope: 0nly one set of inteiiogatoiies
No fixeu time 1S uays to answei unless extenueu oi
ieuuceu by the couit

Wiitten inteiiogatoiies in a
ueposition (Section 26, Rule 2S)
Inteiiogatoiies to paities (Section 1,
Rule 2S)
Not seiveu upon the auveise paity
uiiectly. They aie insteau ueliveieu to
the officei befoie whom the
ueposition is to be taken
Seiveu uiiectly upon the auveise
paity

- 0nless a paity hau been seiveu wiitten inteiiogatoiies, he may not be
compelleu by the auveise paity to (a) to give testimony in open couit
oi (b) give a ueposition penuing appeal. (Section 6, Rule 2S)
This piovision encouiages the use of wiitten inteiiogatoiies
anu although a paity is not compelleu to use this uiscoveiy
pioceuuie, the iule imposes sanctions foi his failuie to seive
wiitten inteiiogatoiies by uepiiving him of the piivilege to
call the auveise paity as a witness oi to give a ueposition
penuing appeal.
Bighly auvisable to file wiitten inteiiogatoiy. Failuie to uo
so, the only othei way to compel a testimony fiom an
auveise paity in open couit is when couit allows it foi u00B
CA0SE anu to pievent a failuie of justice.

!"#$ 9'( 1.),//,*- ;@ 1.8$!/$ 51!+@
8
- Exception to heaisay iule
The puipose of this moue of uiscoveiy is to allow one paity
to iequest the auveise paity in wiiting to aumit ceitain
mateiial anu ielevant matteis which most likely will not be
uisputeu uuiing tiial. To avoiu unnecessaiy inconvenience to
the paities in going thiough the iigois of pioof, befoie the
tiial a paity may iequest the othei to:
" Aumit the genuineness of any mateiial anu ielevant
uocument uesciibeu in anu exhibiteu with the
iequest oi
" Aumit the tiuth of any mateiial anu ielevant
matteis of fact set foith in the iequest (Section 1,
Rule 26)
- ^ Theie must be a penuing action (Section S, Rule 26). Foi }ustice
Belosillo, meie uenial shoulu be unuei oath. If aumission is maue, he's
still bounu.

!"#$ 90( 5!*."3+,*- *! ,-/5$3+,*- *2 .*3")$-+/ *! +A,-=/
- Biffeientiate with a subpoena uuces tecum
Piouuction oi inspection of
uocuments oi things
Subpoena uuces tecum
Essentially a moue of uiscoveiy A means of compelling piouuction of
eviuence
Rules is limiteu to the paities to the
action
It may be uiiecteu to a peison
whethei a paity oi not
The oiuei unuei this Rule is issueu
only upon motion with notice to the
auveise paity
It may be issueu upon an ex paite
application; eviuence is piouuceu at
the fiist instance in couit

- Bow paiticulai must the uocument be.
In a petition foi the piouuction of papeis anu uocuments,
they must be sufficiently uesciibeu anu iuentifieu.
0theiwise, the petition cannot piospei.
- What if you uon't know the uesciiption of the uocument.
}uuge says this is why you thiough inteiiogatoiies oi wiitten
uepositions. To finu out what uocument you seek. #

!"#$ 94( 5A@/,31# 1-. )$-+1# $B1),-1+,*- *2 5$!/*-/
- Boes Rule 28 apply to any anu all cases. When can you avail of Rule
28.
This moue of uiscoveiy applies to an action in which the
mental oi physical conuition of a paity is in contioveisy
(Section 1, Rule 28). Examples of this action woulu be:
" An action foi annulment of a contiact wheie the
giounu ielieu upon is insanity oi uementia
" A petition foi guaiuianship of a peison allegeu to
be insane
" An action to iecovei uamages foi peisonal injuiy
wheie the issue is the extent of the injuiies of the
plaintiff
Couit may, in its uiscietion, oiuei the peison to submit a
mentalphysical examination
- AN u9-9-12-SC: Rules on BNA Eviuence ! 0nlike Rule 28, a juuge
motu piopiio, may oiuei the BNA examination of a given peison. The
only limitation is the examination must ielatehelp in the iesolution
of a given case
Can this be iefuseu. N0. Its not like an oial testimony
anyway.

!"#$ 97( !$2"/1# +* 3*)5#@ C,+A )*$/ *2 .,/3*8$!@
- Can couit impose sanctions motu piopiio.
N0. Notion anu notice.
Aie these sanctions mutually exclusive.
Relateu sanctions of wiit of ampaio habeas coipus.
- ^ Not automatic that couit shoulu holu the peison in contempt.
Aggiieveu paity must fiist ask the couit to oiuei the othei paity to
answeiobey. Baseu on that, juuge can ueciue on inuiiect contempt.
- Sanctions apply ! not answeiing a paiticulai question anu not
attenuing
^ Aiiest uoes not apply to non-submission to an examination
- The sanctions foi iefusal to comply with the moues of uiscoveiy may
be summaiizeu as follows:
Refusal to answei any question
" The couit may upon piopei application, compel a
ueponent who iefuses to answei an oial
examination. The same applies to a witness who
iefuses to answei an inteiiogatoiy submitteu
(Section 1, Rule 29). A iefusal to answei aftei being
uiiecteu by the couit may be consiueieu as
contempt of couit (Section 2, Rule 29)
" The couit may oiuei the ueponent, a paity, oi the
counsel auvising the iefusal, oi both of them, to pay
the pioponent the amount of ieasonable expenses
incuiieu in obtaining the oiuei, incluuing
attoiney's fees. (Section 1, Rule 29)
" If the application foi an oiuei to compel a ueponent
to answei is uenieu because of the absence of a
9
substantial justification, the couit may iequiie the
pioponent oi the counsel auvising the application,
oi both of them, to pay to the iefusing paity oi
ueponent the amount of ieasonable expenses
incuiieu in opposing the application, incluuing
attoiney's fees. (Section1, Rule 29)
Refusal to answei uesignateu oi paiticulai questions oi
iefusal to piouuce uocuments oi things oi to submit to
physical oi mental examination
" The couit may oiuei that the matteis iegaiuing
which the questions weie askeu shall be taken as
establisheu foi puiposes of the action in
accoiuance with the claim of the paity obtaining
them. (Section S(a), Rule 29)
" The couit may issue an oiuei iefusing to allow the
uisobeuient paity to iefuse oi suppoit uesignateu
claims oi uefenses oi piohibiting him fiom
intiouucing in eviuence uesignateu uocuments oi
things oi items of testimony, oi fiom intiouucing
eviuence of physical oi mental conuition (Section
S(b), Rule 29)
" The couit may issue an oiuei stiiking out pleauings
oi paits theieof, oi staying fuithei pioceeuings
until the oiuei is obeyeu, oi uismissing the action
oi pioceeuing oi any pait theieof, oi ienueiing a
juugment by uefault against the uisobeuient paity
(Section S(c), Rule 29)
" The couit may uiiect the aiiest of any paity oi
agent of a paity foi uisobeying any of the oiueis of
the couit, except an oiuei to submit to a physical
examination.
Refusal to be swoin
" Nay be consiueieu as contempt of couit (Section 2,
Rule 29)
Refusal to aumit
" If a paity iefuses to aumit the genuineness of any
uocument oi the tiuth of any mattei of fact anu
seives a swoin uenial theieof anu if the othei paity
latei on pioves the genuineness of the uocument oi
the tiuth of such mattei of fact, the couit upon
piopei application, may oiuei the foimei to pay
the ieasonable expenses in making such pioof,
incluuing attoiney's fees. (Section 4, Rule 29)
Failuie to attenu uepositions oi to seive answeis to
inteiiogatoiies
" The couit may (a) stiike out all oi any pait of the
pleauing of that paity, oi uismiss the action oi
pioceeuing oi any pait theieof, (b) entei a
juugment by uefault against that paity, anu in its
uiscietion, (c) oiuei him to pay ieasonable
expenses incuiieu by the othei, incluuing
attoiney's fees (Section S, Rule 29)
" Effect of failuie to answei letteis iogatoiy.
The consequences unuei Section S, Rule
29 will apply if a paity iefuses to answei
the whole set of wiitten inteiiogatoiies,
anu not just a paiticulai question. Wheie
the paity upon whom the wiitten
inteiiogatoiies is seiveu, iefuses to
answei a paiticulai question in the set of
wiitten inteiiogatoiies anu uespite an
oiuei compelling him to answei the
paiticulai question, still iefuses to obey
the oiuei, Section S(c), Rule 29 will apply.
- Can couit uismiss motu piopiio.
N0
- Foimal uefect v. Substantive uefect
Foimal: failuie to state unuei oath, can still be aumitteu foi
justice's sake

!"#$ <:( +!,1#
- The teims 'tiial' anu 'heaiing' aie sometimes inteichangeably useu.
Tiial Beaiing
Reception of eviuence anu othei
piocesses: the peiiou foi the
intiouuction of eviuence by both
paities
Bioauei teim; not confineu to the tiial
anu piesentation of the eviuence
because it actually embiaces seveial
stages in the litigation. It incluues the
pie-tiial anu the ueteimination of
gianting oi uenying a motion
Boes not necessaiily imply
piesentation of eviuence in open
couit but the paities aie affoiueu the
oppoitunity to be heaiu

- In ciim cases, why is theie ieveise oiuei tiial.
Self-uefense casesaffiimative uefense
1u
- Calenuai of cases: iesetting tiial foi next month is iueal. Bowevei,
couit clogging!
You neeu not give meu ceitificate if postponement is uue to
sickness. Affiuavit anu swoin ceitificate is enough. B0T
juuge can still iequiie paities to file
- When must theie be uelegation of ieceipt of eviuence.
The uelegation may be maue only in uefault oi ex paite
heaiings, anu in any case wheie the paities agiee in wiiting.
The ieception of eviuence shall be maue only by the cleik of
couit who is a membei of the bai. (Section 9, Rule Su)

!"#$ <&( 3*-/*#,.1+,*- *! /$8$!1-3$
- 2 iequisites foi consoliuation:
Actions which involve a common question of law oi fact
Theie must be at least 2 actions penuing befoie the same
couit (Section 1, Rule S1)
- Consoliuation is uiscietionaiy upon the couit. It becomes a mattei of
uuty when the cases aie:
Penuing befoie the same juuge oi
Fileu with uiffeient bianches of the same RTC anu one of
such cases has N0T been paitially tiieu
- S ways of consoliuation
By iecasting the cases alieauy instituteu - ieshaping of the
cases by amenuing the pleauing anu uismissing some cases
anu ietaining only one case. Theie must be joinuei of causes
of action anu of paities
By consoliuation piopei oi by consoliuating the existing
cases - it is a joint tiial with joint uecision, the cases
ietaining theii oiiginal uocket numbeis
By test-case methou - by heaiing only the piincipal case anu
suspenuing the heaiing on the othei cases until juugment
has been ienueieu in the piincipal case. The cases ietain
theii oiiginal uocket numbeis.

!"#$ <9( +!,1# ;@ 3*)),//,*-$!
- Refeience to a commissionei may be hau by wiitten consent of both
paities
If no consent.
- In oiuinaiy civil case, tiial by commissionei not manuatoiy. It
uepenus laigely upon the uiscietion of the couit. But it is manuatoiy
in
Expiopiiation
Paitition
Settlement of Estate of a Beceaseu Peisoni n case of
contesteu claims
Submission of accounting by executois oi auministiatois
It is manuatoiy in expiopiiation, paitition, iefeiial to
commissionei cases
- }uuge not bounu by finuings of commissionei. (Section 11, Rule S2)
- Poweis of commissionei aie:
Exeicise powei to iegulate the pioceeuings befoie him
Bo all acts anu take all measuies necessaiy oi piopei foi the
efficient peifoimance of his uuties
Sweai witnesses
Issue subpoenas anu subpoenas uuces tecum
0nless otheiwise pioviueu in the oiuei of iefeience, iule
upon the aumissibility of eviuence (Section S, Rule S2)
- Algems case: commissionei shoulu abiue by couit pioceeuings anu
the witnesses shoulu be swoin in

!"#$ <<( .$)"!!$! +* $8,.$-3$

Notion to uismiss in Rule 16 Bemuiiei to eviuence
Naue befoie the filing of the answei Naue aftei the plaintiff iests his case
(aftei the completion of the
piesentation of his eviuence)
Theie aie many giounus unuei Rule
16
0nly one giounu: plaintiff is not
entitleu to ielief
If NTB is uenieu, the uefenuant may
file his iesponsive pleauing
If uenieu, the uefenuant may piesent
his eviuence
If gianteu, the complaint may be
iefileu, uepenuing on the giounu foi
uismissal
If gianteu, the complaint may not be
iefileu anu the iemeuy of the plaintiff
is to appeal fiom the oiuei of
uismissal

Civil cases Ciiminal cases
Befenuant neeu not ask foi leave of
couit
Nay be fileu with oi without leave of
couit. Leave of couit is necessaiy so
that the accuseu coulu piesent his
eviuence if the uemuiiei is uenieu
If the couit finus plaintiff's eviuence
insufficient, it will giant the uemuiiei
by uismissing the complaint
If the couit finus the piosecution's
eviuence insufficient, it will giant the
uemuiiei by ienueiing juugment
acquitting the accuseu. }uugment of
acquittal is not appealable; uouble
jeopaiuy sets in
11
The juugment of uismissal is
appealable. If plaintiff appeals anu
juugment is ieveiseu by the appellate
couit, it will ueciue the case on the
basis of the plaintiff's eviuence with
the consequence that the uefenuant
alieauy loses his iight to piesent
eviuence; theie is no ies juuicata in
uismissal uue to uemuiiei
}uugment of acquittal is not
appealable; uouble jeopaiuy sets in
The plaintiff files a motion to ueny
motion to uemuiiei to eviuence
The couit may motu piopiio ueny the
motion
If couit uenies the uemuiiei,
uefenuant will piesent his eviuence
If couit uenies the uemuiiei:
If uemuiiei was with leave, accuseu
may piesent his eviuence.
If uemuiiei was without leave,
accuseu can no longei piesent his
eviuence anu submits the case foi
uecision baseu on the piosecution's
eviuence

- BTE is inteilocutoiy oiuei

!"#$ <>( D".=)$-+ *- +A$ 5#$1.,-=/
- The concept of a juugment on the pleauings will not apply when no
answei is fileu. It will come into opeiation when an answei is seiveu
anu fileu but the same fails to tenuei an issue oi aumits the mateiial
allegations of the auveise paity's pleauing. (Section 1, Rule S4)
Total absence of any issue
Can only be fileu by claimant
Pleauings anu annexes piesent befoie it
No paitial juugment
- An answei fails to tenuei an issue when the mateiial allegations of the
othei paity aie aumitteu oi not specifically uenieu by the pleauei.
0nuei the iules, mateiial allegations of the complaint aie ueemeu
aumitteu (Section 11, Rule 8)
- In the following cases, a juugment on the pleauings will not lie
Actions foi the ueclaiation of nullity of a maiiiage
Actions foi annulment of maiiiage
Actions foi legal sepaiation (Section 1, Rule S4)
- When can it be fileu.
A juugment on the pleauings must be on motion of the
climant.

!"#$ <?( /"))1!@ D".=)$-+/
- When can it be fileu.
Plaintiff: may file the motion aftei the answei has been
seiveu, anu theiefoie, must wait until the issues have been
joineu
Befenuant: he can move foi summaiy juugment at any time
- Republic v. Sanuiganbayan: Summaiy juugment applies in all types of
pioceeuings
}uuge says accoiuing to Riano: motion foi summaiy
juugment not piopei if theie's failuie to piopeily ueny an
actionable uocument.
YET actionable uocument that's coupleu with othei
aumission can be piopei. It might show that summaiy
juugment is piopei
}uugment on the pleauings Summaiy juugment
Theie is an absence of a factual issue
in the case because the answei
tenueis no issue at all
Involves an issue, but the issue is not
genuine
Fileu by the claiming paity like a
plaintiff oi counteiclaimant
Nay be fileu by eithei the claiming oi
the uefenuing paity
Baseu on the pleauings alone Baseu on the pleauings, affiuavits,
uepositions anu aumissions
0nly a S-uay notice to the auveise
paity is iequiieu piioi to the uate of
heaiing in a motion foi juugment on
the pleauings baseu on the iegulai
iules on motions
A 1u-uay notice to the auveise paity is
iequiieu in a motion foi summaiy
juugment. The auveise paity in tuin
may seive opposing affiuavits,
uepositions oi aumissions at least S
uays befoie the heaiing.
0n the meiits Nay be inteilocutoiy oi on the meiits
Available in any action except
annulment of maiiiage oi legal
sepaiation cases
Available only in actions to iecovei a
uebt, oi foi a liquiuateu sum of money
oi foi ueclaiatoiy ielief
Theie is an answei fileu If fileu by plaintiff, it must be fileu at
any time aftei an answei is seiveu; if
fileu by uefenuant, may be fileu at any
time even befoie theie is an answei

!"#$ <'( D".=)$-+/E 2,-1# *!.$!/ 1-. $-+!@ +A$!$*2
- Foi a juugment to be valiu, the following iequisites must exist:
The couit oi tiibunal must be clotheu with authoiity to heai
anu ueteimine the mattei befoie it
The couit must have juiisuiction ovei the paities anu the
subject mattei
12
The paities must have been given an oppoitunity to auuuce
eviuence in theii behalf
The eviuence must have been consiueieu by the tiibunal in
ueciuing the case
The juugment must be in wiiting, peisonally anu uiiectly
piepaieu by the juuge; a veibal juugment is, in
contemplation of law, not in esse, theiefoie, ineffective
The juugment must state cleaily the facts anu the law on
which it is baseu, singeu by the juuge anu fileu with the cleik
of couit (Section 1, Rule S6). This iequiiement iefeis to
uecisions anu final oiueis on the meiits, not to those
iesolving inciuental matteis.
- Finality of juugment ! by opeiation of law, uecision obtains finality
notwithstanuing if cleik of couit was iemiss in iecoiuing in uocket
book
The teim "final" when useu to uesciibe a juugment may be
useu in two senses. In the fiist, it iefeis to a juugment that
uisposes of a case in a mannei that leaves nothing moie to be
uone by the couit in iespect theieto. In this sense, a final
juugment is uistinguisheu fiom an inteilocutoiy oiuei which
uoes not finally teiminate oi uispose of the case. In anothei
sense, the woiu "final" may iefei to a juugment that is no
longei appealable anu is alieauy capable of being executeu
because the peiiou foi appeal has elapseu without a paity
having peifecteu an appeal oi if theie has been an appeal, it
has alieauy been iesolveu by a highest possible tiibunal. In
this sense, the juugment is commonly iefeiieu to as one that
is "final anu executoiy".
- }uugment must be baseu on the law anu the facts
Couit uoes not neeu to make exhaustive listing of the facts
State what is mateiial anu ielevant (Section 1, Rule S6)
- 0pon attaining finality, juugment becomes immutable. Cannot be
alteieu anymoie!
0nuei the uoctiine of conclusiveness oi immutability of
juugments, a juugment that has attaineu finality can no
longei be uistuibeu.
No moie juiisuiction ovei the case. 0nly juiisuiction left is to
execute the uecision
" Wiit of execution cannot change the uispositive
poition of a uecision
Exceptions to the iule of immutability of juugments
" Coiiection of cleiical eiiois
" The so-calleu nunc pio tunc entiies which cause no
piejuuice to any paity anu voiu juugments
" Whenevei ciicumstances tianspiie aftei the
finality of the uecision ienueiing its execution
unjust anu equitable
" In cases of special anu exceptional natuie as when
facts anu ciicumstances tianspiie which ienuei the
juugment's execution impossible oi unjust, when
necessaiy in the inteiest of justice to uiiect its
mouification to haimonizeu the uisposition with
pievailing ciicumstances
" voiu juugments
" The SC is not piecluueu fiom iectifying eiiois of
juugment if blinu anu stubboin auheience to the
uoctiine of inmutability of final juugments woulu
involve the saciifice of justice foi technicality
- Couit can't iefuse to ienuei juugment baseu on insufficiency of a
given law.
}uuge shoulu still come out with a uecision
- If juuge is meiely tiansfeiieu oi piomoteu (incumbent juuge), juuge
who takes ovei the case must make an oiuei foi paities to manifest
which juuge they want. Then it will be ueciueu by the juuge who takes
ovei.
Who makes choice. Paities can be maue to ueciue. 0sually
its plaintiff.
A juuge who was peimanently tiansfeiieu to anothei couit
of equal juiisuiction befoie the case heaiu by him was
ueciueu may valiuly piepaie anu sign his uecision on the
saiu case anu senu the same to the couit wheie he was
oiiginally assigneu. The juuge who pens the uecision of a
case heaiu by him befoie he was assigneu oi tiansfeiieu to
anothei uistiict oi bianch of the couit of equal juiisuiction is
consiueieu an incumbent juuge, albeit assigneu to a uiffeient
bianch at the time the uecision was piomulgateu.
- The piinciple of staie uecisis enjoins auheience to juuicial pieceuent
anu iequiies couits to follow the iule establisheu in a uecision of the
SC.
- }uugment baseu on compiomise agieement is highly encouiageu
When you move foi uismissal of juugment baseu on
compiomise, also move foi nullity of the compiomise
agieement
- S instances wheie couit can coiiect itself, otheiwise highei couit na
NR
Notion foi new tiial
Petition foi ielief
- Biffeience between inteilocutoiy oiuei anu final oiuei of juugment
1S
Inteilocutoiy oiueis aie not uecisions within the
constitutional uefinition. They aie those that ueteimine
inciuental matteis that uo not touch on the meiits of the case
oi put an enu to the pioceeuings.
The piopei iemeuy to question an impioviuent
inteilocutoiy oiuei is a petition foi ceitioiaii unuei Rule 6S.
0ne cannot appeal fiom an inteilocutoiy oiuei.

!"#$ <0( -$C +!,1# *! !$3*-/,.$!1+,*-
- Fileu within the peiiou foi appeal (Section 1, Rule S7)
- **uiounus foi new tiial
FANE that has substantially affects iights of paity
" Extiinsic fiauu N0T intiinsic. Neaning fiauu was
executeu outsiue tiial
" Acciuent is one that takes place without one's
foiesight oi expectation
" Nistake of facts oi law
" Excusable negligence uepenus upon ciicumstances.
Negligence of lawyei binus the client EXCEPT when
so gieat that paity was piejuuiceu anu pieventeu
fiom faiily piesenting its case
Newly-uiscoveieu eviuence has to be so mateiial to the case
as to possibly affect the juugment (Section 1, Rule S7)
- **uiounus foi motion foi ieconsiueiation
Bamages aie excessive
Eviuence is insufficient to justify the uecision oi final oiuei
Becision oi final oiuei is contiaiy to law (Section 1, Rule S7)
- **uiounus foi ielief of juugment
FANE
Bas been pieventeu fiom taking an appeal
- Why shoulun't the couit consiuei intiinsic fiauu.
Because it coveis matteis which shoulu have been taken up
uuiing tiial
- With giant of motion foi new tiial, what action shoulu be taken by the
couit.
When motion is gianteu, the oiiginal juugment is theieby
vacateu anu the action stanus foi tiial ue novo, but the
iecoiueu eviuence taken upon the foimei tiial so fai as the
same is mateiial anu competent to establish the issues, shall
be useu at the new tiial taking the same. (Section 6, Rule S7)
- **What is a pio-foima motion.
0ne which uoes not satisfy the iequiiements of the iules anu
one which will be tieateu as a motion intenueu to uelay the
pioceeuings
Peiiou to appeal N0T inteiiupteu by the filing of such
motion foi new tiial
0ne wheie movant fails to make iefeience to the testimonial
anu uocumentaiy eviuence on iecoiu oi the piovisions of
law allegeu to be contiaiy to the tiial couit's conclusion as
well as the ieasons theieof, oi if theie is no affiuavit of meiit
- **When is it pio-foima.
A motion foi new tiial which is not suppoiteu by affiuavits of
meiit - one which uoes not comply in substance oi in foim
with Section 2
A seconu motion foi new tiial on a giounu available to the
paity when the fiist motion was fileu (Section S)
- What is effect of filing a motion foi ieconsiueiation.
If the motion is uenieu, the movant has a "fiesh peiiou" of 1S
uays fiom ieceipt oi notice of the oiuei uenying oi
uismissing the motion foi ieconsiueiation within which to
file a notice of appeal. This new peiiou becomes significant if
eithei a motion foi ieconsiueiation oi a motion foi new tiial
has been fileu but was uenieu oi uismisseu (Neypes)
Neypes now applies to ciiminal cases as well
- Is seconu motion foi new tiial alloweu.
YES
While a seconu motion foi ieconsiueiation is alloweu, a
seconu motion foi new tiial is authoiizeu. (Section S, Rule
S7) A motion foi new tiial shall incluue all giounus then
available. Those not so incluueu aie ueemeu waiveu.
Bowevei, when a giounu foi a new tiial was not existing oi
available when the fiist motion was maue, a seconu motion
foi new tiial may be fileu within the peiiou alloweu but
excluuing the time uuiing which the fiist motion hau been
penuing.
- Seconu motion foi ieconsiueiation alloweu.
N0
- NR is a pieiequisite to appeal (Rule 6S)
- uR: Notion foi ieconsiueiation oi motion foi new tiial is not alloweu
in small claims cases anu summaiy pioceuuie
Aie theie instances wheie NR when iules of summaiy
pioceuuie can be enteitaineu by the couit.
" YES, if theie is no juugment on the meiits. Foi
example, uefenuant uoes not attenu anu theie is
uefault juugment.
14
NR is piohibiteu pleauing on summaiy pioceuuie B0T if
case is alieauy appealeu with the RTC, you can alieauy file
foi a NR
" Piohibiteu pleauings in NTC can't be joineu ovei to
the RTC (but }uuge thinks it shoulu be)
- What shoulu accompany a NR foi it to be enteitaineu by the couit.
Affiuavit of meiit
Facts constituting movant's goou anu substantial uefense oi
valiu cause of action
Eviuence which he intenus to piesent
- You can file a NR foi inteilocutoiy oiueis
WBY. You can't finu ielief thiough appeal in an
inteilocutoiy oiuei. You file ceitioiaii.
But then if you want juuge to coiiect himself, only way to uo
so is thiough motion foi ieconsiueiation
- What contiols is N0T TBE TITLE. It is the ARu0NENT ANB TBE
PRAYER
NR shoulu be baseu meiely on the giounus stateu. It
shoulun't be useu to intiouuce as a vehicle to intiouuce
newly uiscoveieu eviuence
- If you file motion foi newly uiscoveieu eviuence, it shoulu be
accompanieu by affiuavit of witness. (show juuge na hinui lang
hangin.) anu the uocumentaiy eviuence wheie the new eviuence is
coming fiom.
- What is iecouise of uenial of NR anu NNT.
Appeal fiom juugment

!"#$ <4( !$#,$2 2!*) D".=)$-+/E *!.$!/E *! *+A$! 5!*3$$.,-=/
- When uo you file.
6u uays aftei knowleuge of the juugment ANB not moie than
6 months aftei entiy of such juugment (Section S, Rule S8)
Rule S7 Rule S8
Available BEF0RE juugment becomes
final anu executoiy
Available AFTER juugment has
become final anu executoiy
Applies to juugments oi final oiueis
only
Applies to juugments, final oiueis anu
othei pioceeuings
FANE anu newly uiscoveieu eviuence FANE
Fileu within time to appeal 6u uays fiom knowleuge of the
juugment anu within 6 months fiom
entiy of juugment
If uenieu, oiuei of uenial is N0T
appealable, hence iemeuy is appeal
fiom juugment
If uenieu, the oiuei uenying a petition
foi ielief is N0T appealable, the
iemeuy is civil action unuei Rule 6S
Legal iemeuy Equitable iemeuy
Notion neeu not be veiifieu Petition shoulu be veiifieu

- Recouise when uenial of Rule S8.
Rule 6S (ceitioiaii on giave abuse of uiscietion)
- Re: finality of juugment ! wala ka na magagawa. Pweue lang yung
cleiical

!"#$ <7( $B$3"+,*-E /1+,/213+,*- 1-. $22$3+ *2 D".=)$-+/
- What is execution of juugment.
o Execution is the iemeuy affoiueu foi the satisfaction of a
juugment. It is the fiuit anu enu of the suit.
- When is theie entiy of juugment.
o The uate of the entiy of juugment is the uate when the
juugment becomes final anu executoiy iegaiuless of the uate
when the physical act of entiy was uone (Section 2, Rule S6)
- In cases of uiscietionaiy execution. Bonu. ! conuitioneu upon
peifoimance of juugment
- Bonu ueteimineu fixeu co uiscietion of the couit
- **When is execution a mattei of iight mattei of uiscietion.
o Compulsoiy execution - known as execution as a mattei of
iight
" Execution is a mattei of iight upon the expiiation
of the peiiou to appeal anu no appeal was peifecteu
fiom a juugment oi oiuei that uisposes of the
action oi pioceeuing (Section 1, Rule S9). 0nce a
juugment becomes final anu executoiy, the
pievailing paity can have it executeu as a mattei of
iight, anu the issuance of a wiit of execution
becomes the ministeiial uuty of the couit.
o Biscietionaiy execution - known as execution penuing
appeal
" Theie must be a motion fileu by the pievailing
paity with notice to the auveise paity
" Nay issue befoie the lapse of peiiou to appeal, anu
even uuiing appeal
" Biscietionaiy upon the couit; theie is inquiiy on
whethei theie is goou ieason foi execution
(Section 2, Rule S9)
The existence of goou ieasons as
justifications foi uiscietionaiy execution
is essential. The goou ieasons aie what
1S
confei uiscietionaiy powei upon the
couit to issue a wiit of execution penuing
appeal.
What constitutes goou ieason is left to the
sounu exeicise of juuicial uiscietion.
- **Bow uoes winning paity piocuie a wiit of execution. Is theie a time
bai foi execution.
o Bepenus of as a mattei of iight oi uiscietionaiy
o Two moues of executing a final anu executoiy juugment:
" Execution by motion if the enfoicement of the
juugment is sought within S yeais fiom the uate of
its entiy anu
" Execution by inuepenuent action if the S-yeai
peiiou has elapseu anu befoie it is baiieu by the
statute of limitations (Section 6, Rule S9)
o An action to ievive juugment piesupposes that the same can
no longei be enfoiceu by meie motion. This means that fiom
the uate of the finality of the juugment no motion was fileu
foi the execution of saiu juugment, thus the neeu foi its
enfoicement by action.
" The action to ievive a juugment must be fileu
within 1u yeais fiom the uate the juugment
became final because an action to enfoice a
juugment piesciibes in 1u yeais foim the finality of
juugment. Since the uate of the finality of the
juugment oi final oiuei shall be ueemeu to be the
uate of its entiy (Section 2, Rule S6), the
piesciiptive peiiou shall iun fiom the uate of entiy
of the juugment.
" When a juugment is ieviveu unuei Section 6, Rule
S9, such ieviveu juugment may also be enfoiceu by
motion within S yeais fiom the uate of its entiy
anu theieaftei by action also befoie it is baiieu by
the statute of limitations. (Section 6, Rule S9)
- **Wheie will you file action foi ievival of juugment.
o The piopei venue uepenus on the ueteimination of whethei
the piesent action foi ievival of juugment is a ieal action oi
peisonal action. If the action foi ievival of juugment affects
title to oi possession of ieal piopeity, oi inteiest theiein,
then it is a ieal action that must be fileu with the couit of the
place wheie the ieal piopeity is locateu. If such action uoes
not fall unuei the categoiy of ieal actions, it is then a
peisonal action that may be fileu with the couit of the place
wheie the plaintiff oi uefenuant iesiues.
- Bow uo you go about, as counsel foi the winning paity, anu the sheiiff
wants youi guiuance in how to enfoice a wiit of execution.
o A sheiiff's uuty in the execution of the wiit is puiely
ministeiial; he is to execute the oiuei of the couit stiictly to
the lettei. Be has no uiscietion whethei to execute the
juugment oi not. When a wiit is placeu in the hanus of the
sheiiff, it is his uuty, in the absence of any instiuctions to the
contiaiy, to pioceeu with ieasonable celeiity anu
piomptness to implement it in accoiuance with its manuate.
- Remeuy of paity whose piopeity was wiongfully levieu by the sheiiff.
o A peison claiming a piopeity levieu upon may execute an
affiuavit of his title oi iight of possession ovei the piopeity.
Such affiuavit must state the giounus of such iight oi title.
The affiuavit shall be seiveu upon the officei making a levy
anu a copy theieof must also be seiveu upon the juugment
obligee (Section 16, Rule S9). This iemeuy of the claiming
paity is calleu teiceiia. The officei seiveu with the affiuavit
of the claiming thiiu peison shall not be bounu to keep the
piopeity subject of the claim, unless the juugment obligee,
on uemanu of the officei, files a bonu appioveu by the couit
to inuemnify the claimant in a sum not less than the value of
the piopeity levieu upon. No claim foi uamages foi the
taking oi keeping of the piopeity may be enfoiceu against
the bonu unless the action theiefoie is fileu within 12u uays
fiom the uate of the filing of the bonu (Section 16, Rule S9).
The officei shall not be liable to any thiiu-paity claimant foi
uamages foi the taking oi keeping of the piopeity, if such
bonu is fileu.
o 0thei iemeuies may also be availeu of by the thiiu-paity
claimant because nothing containeu in the Rules shall
pievent the claiming thiiu peison fiom vinuicating his claim
to the piopeity in a sepaiate action.
- What is gainishment.
o uainishment is a kinu of attachment in which the plaintiff
seeks to subject eithei the piopeity of the uefenuant in the
hanus of a thiiu peison calleu the gainishee, to his claim oi
the money which saiu thiiu peison owes the uefenuant. By
means of gainishment, the plaintiff ieaches cieuits belonging
to the uefenuant anu owing to him fiom a thiiu peison who
is a stiangei to the litigation. It uoes not involve the actual
seizuie of the piopeity which iemains in the hanus of the
gainishee. uainishment simply impounus the piopeity in
the gainishee's possession anu maintains the status quo
until the main action is finally ueciueu.
16
- Is publication necessaiy piioi to sale foi peisonal piopeity.
o N0. Foi ieal piopeity YES pag exceeuing Suk
- When is theie ies juuicata.
o The concept of ies juuicata has the following elements:
" The foimei juugment must be final
" The couit which ienueieu it hau juiisuiction ovei
the subject mattei anu the paities
" The juugment must be on the meiits
" Theie must be between the fiist anu the seconu
actions, iuentity of paities, subject mattei anu
causes of action
- When may a wiit of execution be quasheu. When couit can iefuse
even if mattei of iight.
o When the wiit of execution vaiies the juugment
o When theie has been a change in the situation of the paities
making execution inequitable oi unjust
o When execution is sought to be enfoiceu against piopeity
exempt fiom execution
o When it appeais that the contioveisy has nevei been
submitteu to the juugment of the couit
o When the teims of the juugment aie not cleai enough anu
theie iemains ioom foi inteipietation theieof
o When it appeais that the wiit of execution has been
impioviuently issueu
o When it appeais that the wiit of execution is uefective in
substance, oi is issueu against the wiong paity, oi that the
juugment uebt has been paiu oi otheiwise satisfieu, oi the
wiit was issueu without authoiity
o 0thei giounus: fiauuulently issueu, uefective in substance,
issueu against wiong paity, juugment has alieauy been
satisfieu, issueu without authoiity, contioveisy was nevei
valiuly submitteu in couit, on equitable giounus
- Wiit of execution meiely enfoices uespostiive poition of uecision!
ui pweueng uumaguag. Wiit of execution can't auu noi subtiact fiom
juugment

155$1#/( !"#$/ >: +* >0
- ^^ S moues of appeal
0iuinaiy appeal (Rule 4u, 41)
" Notice of appeal
" Notice of appeal with iecoiu on appeal
Petition foi ieview unuei Rule 42
Petition foi ieview on Ceitioiaii unuei Rule 4S
- NTCNeTC ! RTC ! CA
The appeal to the RTC can be about questions of law oi fact
- Notice of appeal
Reglementaiy peiiou is 1S uays
An appeal is noimally maue by filing a notice of appeal with
the couit which ienueieu the juugment oi final oiuei
appealeu fiom. (Section 2(a), Rule 41)
- Recoiu of appeal
Reglementaiy peiiou Su uays
Notice of appeal with iecoiu of appeal applies in
" Special pioceeuings (wheie you establish a fact,
piobate pioceeuings, petition foi change of name)
" Wheie theie aie multiple appeals oi sepaiate
appeals (Section 2(a), Rule 41)
o In a case wheie multiple appeals aie
alloweu, a paity may appeal only a
paiticulai inciuent in the case anu not all
of the matteis involveu in the same case.
The otheis which aie not maue the
subject of the appeal iemain to be
iesolveu by the tiial couit. The iecoiu on
appeal is iequiieu so the appellate couit
may have a iecoiu of the pioceeuings to
iesolve a sepaiate anu uistinct issue
iaiseu in the appeal, anu since the oiiginal
iecoius iemain with the tiial couit it still
can iesolve the othei issues of the case
not maue subject of the appeal.
o Nultiple appeals aie alloweu in
expiopiiation because theie aie two
stages in eveiy action. The fiist stage is
the ueteimination of the lawful iight of
the plaintiff to take the piopeity sought to
be expiopiiateu culminating in an oiuei
of expiopiiation (Section 4, Rule 67). This
oiuei of expiopiiation may be appealeu
by any paity by filing a iecoiu on appeal.
The seconu stage is the ueteimination by
the couit of the just compensation foi the
piopeity sought to be expiopiiateu. A
seconu anu sepaiate appeal may be taken
17
fiom this oiuei fixing the just
compensation.
o Nultiple appeals aie alloweu in special
pioceeuings, in actions foi paitition of
piopeity with accounting, in the special
civil actions of eminent uomain anu
foieclosuie of moitgage. The iationale
behinu allowing moie than one appeal in
the same case is to enable the iest of the
case to pioceeu in the event that a
sepaiate anu uistinct issue is iesolveu by
the couit anu helu to be final.
o If howevei, the tiial couit has fully anu
finally iesolveu all issues in the complaint,
theie is no neeu to file a iecoiu on appeal.
Notice of appeal Recoiu of appeal
Bistinctly stateu, peifecteu upon filing
of notice
Pleauing states eveiything. You
almost iepiouuce what you saiu in
youi complaint. This is to help the
appellate couit in juuging the case.
Peifecteu upon appioval.

- You can only ueny notice of appeal if theie is uelay oi non-payment of
filing fees
- If it is an oiiginal action fiom the RTC, then you go to CA on appeal,
same thing: theie is notice of appealiecoiu of appeal
- If it is a juugment of the NTC iaiseu to the RTC, how uo you iaise it to
the CA.
Rule 42: Petition foi Review
Rule 42 applies to an appeal fiom the juugment oi final
oiuei of the RTC to the CA in cases ueciueu by the foimei in
the exeicise of its appellate juiisuiction.
Questions of lawfact, mixeu questions of law anu fact
- ^^What is a question of lawfact.
Fact: what law applies given the set of facts, ueteimination of
finuings of fact, uoes follow iules on eviuence
Question of law Question of fact
When the uoubt oi uiffeience aiises
as to what the law is on a ceitain set
of facts
When the uoubt oi uiffeience aiises
as to the tiuth oi falsehoou of the
allegeu facts
The iesolution of the issue must iest
solely on what the law pioviues on the
given set of ciicumstances
The issue invites a ieview of the
eviuence piesenteu
Can involve questions of
inteipietation of the law with iespect
to ceitain set of facts
Queiy invites the calibiation of the
whole eviuence consiueiing mainly
the cieuibility of witnesses, existence
anu ielevancy of specific suiiounuing
ciicumstances anu ielation to each
othei anu the whole piobabilities of
the situation

- If oiiginal action fiom RTC, same lang to CA
- Theie aie instances wheie only a question of law is involveu
Then fiom the RTC ! SC kagau via a Petition foi ieview on
Ceitioiaii unuei Rule 4S
Rule 6S: Ceitioiaii but giave abuse of uiscietion anu is a
special civil action
- SC ieviews question of law, geneially. But questions of fact may be
iaiseu in an appeal unuei Rule 4S pioviueu the petition shows any,
some oi all of the following:
The conclusion of the CA is giounueu entiiely on
speculations, suimises anu conjectuies
The infeience maue is manifestly mistaken, absuiu oi
impossible
Theie is a giave abuse of uiscietion
The juugment is baseu on misappiehension of facts
The finuings of facts aie conflicting
The CA, in making its finuings went beyonu the issues of the
case anu the same is contiaiy to the aumissions of both
appellant anu appellee
The finuings aie contiaiy to those of the tiial couit
The finuings of fact aie conclusions without citation of
specifieu eviuence on which they aie baseu
The facts set foith in the petition as well as in the petitionei's
main anu ieply biiefs aie not uisputeu by the iesponuents
The finuings of fact of the CA aie piemiseu on the supposeu
absence of eviuence anu contiauicteu by the eviuence on
iecoiu
In an appeal fiom a juugment oi final oiuei of the couit in a
petition foi a wiit ampaio oi habeas uata, questions of fact
may be iaiseu
In an appeal foim a juugemnt oi final oiuei of the couit in a
petition foi a wiit of habeas uata
- Instances wheie the NTC uismisses a given petition anu this is iaiseu
to the RTC (usually ejectment cases)
If the NTC uoesn't have any juiisuiction anu it is iaiseu to
the RTC, RTC shoulu ueciue it on the meiits
18
" If theie was tiial in the NTC, he can use the
eviuence theie. But he is not piecluueu fiom asking
paities to amenu the pleauings
o Roman Catholic chuich case: uonation
was being questioneu. The CA iemanueu
the case back to the RTC. SC saiu the CA
uoes not neeu to iemanu if it is alieauy
within the powei of the CA, the iecoius
complete, to ieview the finuings
o CA has to use eviuence piesent. If may
kulang na eviuence, the CA shoulu
iemanu the case to the tiial couit foi
fuithei heaiing
- Couit who ueciueu case oiiginal case has iesiuual juiisuiction
Resiuual juiisuiction iefeis to the authoiity of a tiial couit to
issue oiueis foi the piotection anu pieseivation of the iights
of the paities which uo not involve any mattei litigateu by
the appeal, appiove compiomises, peimit appeals of
inuigent litigants, oiuei execution anu allow withuiawal of
the appeal pioviueu these aie uone piioi to the tiansmittal
of the oiiginal iecoiu oi the iecoiu on appeal even if the
appeals have alieauy been peifecteu oi uespite the appioval
of the iecoiu on appeal. (Section 9, Rule 41) oi in case of a
petition foi ieview unuei Rule 42, befoie the CA gives uue
couise to the petition (Section 8, Rule 42)
The concept of iesiuual juiisuiction of the tiial couit is
available at a stage in which the couit is noimally ueemeu to
have lost juiisuiction ovei the case oi the subject mattei
involveu in the appeal. Theie is no iesiuual juiisuiction to
speak of wheie no appeal oi petition has evei been fileu.
Resiuual powei of the couit aftei losing juiisuiction but
piioi to the tiansmittal of the oiiginal iecoiu oi iecoiu on
appeal. (Section 9, Rule 41)
Note that if iecoius have alieauy been tiansmitteu to
appellate couit, you auuiess conceins with the appellate
couit alieauy
- ^^ if is NTC !RTC! CA, stiike S iule: if RTC anu CA upholus the
uecision of the NTC, the SC will most likely not enteitain the appeal
anymoie
- It is alieauy well-settleu in this juiisuiction that a paity may not
change his theoiy of the case on appeal. (Section 1S, Rule 44)
Befenses not pleaueu in the answei may not be iaiseu foi the
fiist time on appeal. A paity cannot, on appeal, change
funuamentally the natuie of the issue in the case. When a
paity uelibeiately auopts a ceitain theoiy anu the case is
ueciueu upon that theoiy in the couit below, he will not be
peimitteu to change the same on appeal, because to peimit
him to uo so woulu be unfaii to the auveise paity. Couits of
justice have no juiisuiction oi powei to ueciue a question
not in issue.
B0T, the couit may consiuei an eiioi not iaiseu on appeal
pioviueu the same falls within any of the following
categoiies:
" It is an eiioi that affects the juiisuiction ovei the
subject mattei
" It is an eiioi that affects the valiuity of the
juugment appealeu fiom
" It is an eiioi which affects the pioceeuings
" It is an eiioi closely ielateu to oi uepenuent on
assigneu eiioi anu piopeily aigueu in the biief
" It is a plain anu cleiical eiioi
" The SC is clotheu with ample authoiity to ieview
matteis, even if they aie not assigneu as eiiois on
appeal, if it finus that theii consiueiation is
necessaiy in aiiiving at a just uecision of the case
" It has also been helu that the CA foi instance, is
imbueu with sufficient authoiity anu uiscietion to
ieview matteis, not otheiwise assigneu as eiiois
on appeal, if it finus that the consiueiation is
necessaiy in aiiiving at a complete anu just
iesolution of the case oi to seive the inteiests of
justice oi to avoiu uispensing piecemeal justice.
- Note that it shall be the uuty of the appellant to submit a
memoianuum which shall biiefly uiscuss the eiiois imputeu to the
lowei couit, a copy of which shall be fuinisheu by him to the auveise
paity.
Within 1S uays fiom ieceipt of the appellant's memoianuum,
the appellee may file his memoianuum.
Failuie of the appellant to file a memoianuum shall be
giounu foi uismissal of the appeal. (Section 7(b), Rule 4u)
- Effect of appeal
Appeal is ueemeu peifecteu
" By notice of appeal: as to him, upon the filing of the
notice of appeal in uue time
" By iecoiu on appeal: as to him, with iespect to the
subject mattei theieof, upon the appioval of the
iecoiu on appeal fileu in uue time
19
In appeals by notice of appeal, the couit loses juiisuiction
ovei the case upon the peifection of the appeal fileu in uue
time anu the expiiation of the time to appeal of the othei
paities
In appeals by iecoiu on appeal, the couit loses juiisuiction
only ovei the subject mattei theieof upon appioval foi the
iecoius on appeal fileu in uue time anu the expiiation of the
time to appeal of the othei paities
Resiuual poweis
Since you appealeu, theie is no final juugment, so theie is no
execution.
" It stays the execution of juugment penuing appeal
EXCEPT iule on summaiy pioceuuie as in foicible
entiy cases
" Becisions of quasi-juuicial agencies can be executeu
penuing appeal unless stayeu by ieviewing couit
" If theie is a law that specifically states that you can
execute penuing appeal
" Injunctions (.), suppoit, accounting, etc
- Rule 4S ! "among otheis"
List is not exclusive (quasi-juuicial agencies)
File with the CA
Civil Seivice Commission cases fall unuei Rule 4S
St. Naitin case: Foi the NLRC, its not unuei Rules 4S anu 4S.
You have it ievieweu by the CA via Rule 6S.
Salvauoi v. Napa: 0NB to CA is okay if auministiative
matteis. B0T if ciiminal in natuie, it shoulu be 0NB to SC.
If the case is fiom the B0} ! CA uapat
0nuei Rule 64, C0NELEC anu Commission on Auuit goes to
SC
- ^^ Theie is NR anu NNT befoie the CA.
NNT: giounus aie the newly uiscoveieu eviuence which
coulu not have been uiscoveieu piioi to the tiial in the couit
below by the exeicise of uue uiligence anu which is of such
chaiactei as woulu piobably change the iesult (Section 1,
Rule SS)
NR: no giounus pioviueu
- Annulment of juugment:
Notion foi annulment of juugment is special iemeuy not
always enteitaineu by couit
uiounus aie
" Lack of juiisuictionvoiu juugment
" Extiinsic fiauu
o Extiinsic fiauu shall not be a valiu giounu
if it was availeu of, oi coulu have been
availeu of, in a motion foi new tiial oi
petition foi ielief (Section 2, Rule 47)
Laches anu estoppel applies
- Inteinal Rules of Pioceuuie of SC: AN 1u-4-2u-SC
NR with the SC can be fileu.
" A NR fileu within the 1S uay peiiou fiom ieceipt of
a copy of the uecision oi iesolution shall stay the
execution of such uecision oi iesolution, unless, foi
goou ieasons shown, the Couit uiiects otheiwise
(Section 2, Rule 1S, AN 1u-4-2u-SC)
A seconu one can be fileu also but will 0NLY be enteitaineu
upon en banc iesolution of the SC, in the highei inteiest of
justice (Section S, Rule 1S, AN 1u-4-2u-SC)
" Bighei inteiest of justice: when the assaileu
uecision is not only legally eiioneous, but is
likewise patently unjust anu potentially capable of
causing unwaiianteu anu iiiemeuiable injuiy oi
uamage to the paities
" The 2
nu
NR can only be enteitaineu befoie the
iuling sought to be ieconsiueieu becomes final by
opeiation of law oi by the Couit's ueclaiation.
Compaieu to League of Cities v. Comelec!
- Babeas coipus anu habeas uata incluueu sa Rule 48
Appeal ng habeas coipus 48 houis
- Re: CA, pei uivision you have S justices. Theie must be unanimous
uecision among S. If not, they have to tell piesiuing justice of the CA
anu get 2 moie justices to vote
CA now has computeiizeu system! Yay! Lessens coiiuption!
Yay!
- You can't file 4S anu then 6S. 0ne of eithei lang.

5!*8,/,*-1# !$)$.,$/
- Not limiteu to S7-61
- Tempoiaiy, ancillaiy, collateial pioceeuings (without the main
pioceeuings, no piovisional iemeuy)
- Theie's also piovisional iemeuies in ciim pioceeuings (Rule 127)
- 0nuei special laws: tempoiaiy piotection oiuei, those unuei the
Buman Secuiity Act, piotective oiuei unuei Anti Chilu Poinogiaphy
Act, fieeze oiuei unuei Anti-Noney Launueiing Act, etc
2u
- Theie aie also SC issuances that pioviue foi piovisional iemeuies
o Wiit of ampaio
o Babeas uata
- Regaiuing piotection oiuei, these can be issueu anu oiueieu by the
couit motu piopiio. But inspectionpiouuction oiuei, iequiies
motion anu heaiing
- A bonu is iequiieu! Exempteu fiom bonu aie:
o TR0
o Suppoit penuente lite
o 0nuei human secuiity act
o 0nuei Anti-Noney Launueiing Act
o 0nuei wiit of ampaio
o BB0 unuei anti-violence against women anu chiluien act
- Enviionmental piotection oiueis aie also available
- Available to the claimant, not necessaiily the plaintiff

!"#$ ?0( 5!$#,),-1!@ 1++13A)$-+
- **When can you apply foi wiit of pieliminaiy attachment.
o At commencement of action
o At any time befoie entiy of juugment
" Kasi pag nag entei na ng juugment, execution na
uapat
" Penuing appeal pweue paiin
- **uiounus upon which attachment may issue:
o In an action foi iecoveiy of a specifieu amount of money oi
uamages, othei than moial anu exemplaiy, on a cause of
action aiising fiom law, contiact, uelict oi quasi-uelict
against a paity who is about to uepait fiom the Philippines
with intent to uefiauu his cieuitois
" Specifieu amount! Why. Applicant will have to
wiite it uown on hishei affiuavit
" If application calls foi unliquiuateu amount of
uamagesoi uamages contingent, shoulu Couit
giant it.
N0 if unliquiuateu
N0 if contingent
" WITB intent to uefiauu! Not just the fact that he's
leaving
o In an action foi money oi piopeity embezzleu oi
fiauuulently misapplieu oi conveiteu to his own use by a
public officei, oi an officei of a coipoiation, oi an attoiney,
factoi, biokei, agent, oi cleik, in the couise of his
employment as such, oi by any othei peison in a fiuuciaiy
capacity, oi foi a willful violation of a uuty
o In an action to iecovei the possession of piopeity unjustly oi
fiauuulently taken, uetaineu oi conveiteu, when the
piopeity, oi any pait theieof has been concealeu, iemoveu,
oi uisposeu of to pievent its being founu oi taken by the
applicant oi an authoiizeu peison
o In an action against a paity who has been guilty of a fiauu in
contiacting the uebt (uolo causante) oi incuiiing the
obligation upon which the action is biought, oi in the
peifoimance theieof (uolo inciuente)
o In an action against a paity who has iemoveu oi uisposeu of
his piopeity, oi is about to uo so, with intent to uefiauu his
cieuitois
o In an action against a paity who uoes not iesiue anu is not
founu in the Philippines on whom summons may be seiveu
by publication (Section 1, Rule S7)
- Ancillaiy iemeuy, the main action can be in peisonam. But it is
actually in iem. (foi juuge, as opposeu to othei authois)
- What shoulu accompany application of wiit.
o Affiuavit
" Affiuavit shows that theie is no sufficient secuiity
foi the claim sought to be enfoiceu; that the
amount claimeu in the action is as much as the sum
of which the oiuei is gianteu above all
counteicalims
" If theie is any falsity in affiuavit, you can file a
peijuiy case against peison
" If you have sufficient secuiity, it negates getting
pieliminaiy attachment. B0T not always the case.
Foi instance moitgage is not sufficient to covei. Foi
the iemainuei, you can file foi attachment
o Bonu
" This is calleu the attachment bonu. (Section S, Rule
S7)
" This bonu answeis foi all uamages incuiieu by the
paity against whom the attachment was issueu anu
sustaineu by him by ieason of the attachment.
- **Stages in the giant of pieliminaiy attachment
o You apply foi it
o Couit issues the oiuei gianting the application (ex paite oi
with notice to the othei paity)
21
o Wiit of attachment issues puisuant to the oiuei gianting the
wiit
o Wiit is implementeu
" Couit must have acquiieu juiisuiction ovei
uefenuant uuiing the last stage!
" Sheiiff is maue to execute the oiuei
- **Nannei of attaching piopeity
o Seivice of summons (eithei contempoianeous oi piioi)
" Exceptions to contempoianeous oi piioi
Summons coulu not be seiveu peisonally
oi by substituteu seivice
Befenuant is a iesiuent of the Philippines
tempoiaiily absent
Befenuant is non-iesiuent
Action is one in iem oi quasi in iem
o Copy of the complaint
o Application foi attachment
o Affiuavit anu bonu of applicant
o 0iuei anu wiit of attachment
- What is gainishment.
o Plaintiff seeks to subject eithei the piopeity of the uefenuant
in the hanus of a thiiu peison, calleu the gainishee, to his
claim oi the money which saiu thiiu peison owes the
uefenuant
o Naintains the status quo; only aftei juugment against
uefenuant has become final anu executoiy that ueliveiy is
maue (as opposeu to pieliminaiy attachment ! piopeity is
in custouia legis)
- What may be the subject of attachment.
o Real piopeity, oi giowing ciops theieon, oi any inteiest
theiein
o Peisonal piopeity capable of manual ueliveiy
o Stocks oi shaies, oi an inteiest in stocks oi shaies, of any
coipoiation oi company
o Bebts anu cieuits, incluuing bank ueposits, financial inteiest,
ioyalties, commissions anu othei peisonal piopeity not
capable of manual ueliveiy
o Inteiest of the paity against whom attachment is issueu in
piopeity belonging to the estate of the ueceuent, whethei as
heii, legatee oi uevisee (Section 7, Rule S7)
o Pweue ba yung piopeity alieauy in custouia legis.
" YES, upon peimission fiom the piopei couit, but
this is confineu to cases wheie the piopeity
belongs to the uefenuant oi one in which the
uefenuant has piopiiety inteiest
- Pioceeuings wheie piopeity claimeu by thiiu peison; not a paity to
the action (iemeuy)
o File a teiceiia oi thiiu paity claim
" Teiceiia is an affiuavit of his title oi his iight to
possession, stating the giounus of such iight oi title
" A peison claiming a piopeity levieu upon may
execute an affiuavit of his title oi iight of
possession ovei the piopeity. Such affiuavit must
state the giounus of such iight oi title. The affiuavit
shall be seiveu upon the officei making a levy anu a
copy theieof must also be seiveu upon the
juugment obligee.
o File inuepenuent action to iecovei his piopeity
o File a motion foi inteivention (Section 14, Rule S7)
- Wiit of attachment has no lifetime! Although sheiiff is iequiieu to
make a iepoit in Su uays
- Piioi to implementation oi the actual attachment of the sheiiff, how
uo you pievent attachment if youi client is the uebtoi.
o Cash ueposit
o Countei-bonu (Section 12, Rule S7)
" Counteibonu ieplaces the piopeity (bibigyan kita
ng peia, basta gagamitin ko muna yung piopeity).
Piioi to attachment, pweue na kagau bigyan ng
bonu.
- What is iecouise aftei attachment.
- S kinus of bonus unuei S7
o Attachment bonu
o Countei-bonu
o Sheiiff's bonu
- Why is piopeity helu in custouial egis.
o Penuing heaiing
o To make suie that at the enu of the uay, theie is something
to give to the winning paity
- uiounus foi uischaige of attachment.
o Bebtoi has posteu a countei-bonu oi ahs maue the iequisite
cash ueposit (Section 12, Rule S7)
o Attachment was impiopeily oi iiiegulaily issueu as wheie
theie is no giounu foi attachment, oi affiuavit anuoi bonu
file theiefoie aie uefective oi insufficient (Section 1S, Rule
S7)
o }uugment is ienueieu against the attaching cieuitoi (Section
19, Rule S7)
22
o Attachment is excessive, but the uischaige shall be limiteu to
the excess (Section 1S, Rule S7)
o Piopeity attacheu is exempt fiom execution
- Boes the filing of countei-bonu oi cash ueposit become a waivei
against you fiom questioning the iiiegulaiity of the attachment.
o N0. Filing of countei-bonucash ueposit is most expeuient
way so that piopeity won't be attacheu
- Biffeience between countei-bonu anu attachment bonu anu sheiiff's
bonu.
o Attachment bonu - fuinisheu by peison who wants to attach
piopeity, not yet attacheu, maue to answei uamages in
piopeity attacheu, guaiantee
o Countei-bonu - fuinisheu by peison who's piopeity being
attacheu, ieplace piopeity with money,
o Sheiiff's bonu - paiu by peison who wants attachment to be
issueu
- Thiiu paity is not piecluueu fiom questioning the attachment. Neithei
is he piecluueu fiom filing anothei claim to piotect his piopeity.
- If claiming unuei Section 17, theie must be fiist a uemanu on the
suiety. Both Sections 17 anu 2u, theie is notice anu heaiing
- Liability of suiety can't be limiteu by the teims of the contiact.
Liability is soliuaiy. Suiety cannot claim exhaustion of piopeities
- Wheie uo you file foi pieliminaiy attachment.
o uR: fileu in the same action.
o ^ Piovisional iemeuies is issueu by couit wheie main case is
penuing, CA, SC anu lowei couits ! uepenus upon
juiisuiction of lowei couit ovei paities
o Exception: piincipal action was uismisseu (impiopei venue)
! so he can file uamages foi wiongful attachment
- Asis v. Comelec: you can iecovei uamages moie than the attachment
bonu

!"#$ ?4( 5!$#,),-1!@ ,-D"-3+,*-
- **What is an injunction.
o }uuicial wiit, piocess oi pioceeuing wheieby a paity is
oiueieu to uo oi iefiain fiom uoing a paiticulai act
- **Biffeientiate pieliminaiy injunction fiom injunction itself, as a main
action
Nain action foi injunction Pieliminaiy injunction
Inuepenuent action Can only exist as an inciuent to a
piincipal action
Seeks a juugment embouying a final
injunction
Seeks to pieseive the status quo until
the meiits can be heaiu
Example: Aiticle 26 of the Civil Coue
against one piying into the piivacy of
anothei's iesiuence, meuuling with oi
uistuibing the piivate life oi family
ielations of anothei anu othei similai
cases

- **Biffeientiate TR0 fiom wiit of pieliminaiy injunction
Injunction TR0
Nay exceeu 2u uays Boes N0T exceeu 2u uays
Restiains oi iequiies the peifoimance
of paiticulai acts
Naintain status quo
- What is status quo.
o The last actual, peaceable anu uncontesteu state of things
which pieceueu the contioveisy
- Biffeientiate manuatoiy anu piohibitoiy injunction
Piohibitoiy Nanuatoiy
Puipose is to pievent a peison fiom
the peifoimance of a paiticulai act
Puipose is to iequiie a peison to
peifoim a paiticulai act
Act has not yet been peifoimeu Act has alieauy been peifoimeu anu
this act has violateu the iights of
anothei
Status quo is pieseiveu Status quo is iestoieu
- Requisites of pieliminaiy injunction
o Invasion of the iight is mateiial anu substantial
o Right of the complainant is cleai anu unmistakable
o 0igent anu paiamount necessity foi the wiit to pievent
seiious uamages
- **uiounus foi pieliminaiy injunction
o Applicant is entitleu to the ielief uemanueu, anu the whole
oi pait of such ielief consists in iestiaining the commission
oi continuance of the act oi acts complaineu of, oi in
iequiiing the peifoimance of any act oi acts, eithei foi a
limiteu peiiou oi peipetually
o That the commission, continuance oi non-peifoimance of
the act oi acts complaineu of uuiing the litigation woulu
piobably woik injustice to the applicant
o That a paity, couit, agency oi a peison is uoing, thieatening,
oi is attempting to uo, oi is piocuiing oi suffeiing to be
2S
uone, some act oi acts piobably in violation of the iights of
the applicant iespecting the subject of the action oi
pioceeuing, anu tenuing to ienuei the juugment ineffectual
(Section S, Rule S8)
- Section 4, Rule S8
o vERIFIEB APPLICATI0N
o Is an affiuavit a necessity togethei with the application of the
wiit.
" YES
o Is bonu necessaiy.
" YES
- Notice anu heaiing iequiieu foi ALL pieliminaiy injunctions
- Aie all TR0's exempt fiom piioi notice anu heaiing.
o N0
o As a geneial iule, theie shoulu be notice anu heaiing.
o Subject to the iules goveining matteis of extieme uigency,
the application foi a TR0 shall be acteu upon only aftei all
paities aie heaiu in a summaiy heaiing. This heaiing shall
be conuucteu within 24 houis aftei the sheiiff's ietuin of
seivice anuoi the iecoius aie ieceiveu by the bianch
selecteu by iaffle anu to which the iecoius shall be
tiansmitteu immeuiately. (Section 4, Rule S8)
o If it shall appeai fiom facts shown by affiuavits oi by the
veiifieu application that gieat oi iiiepaiable injuiy woulu
iesult to the applicant befoie the mattei can be heaiu on
notice, the couit to which the application foi pieliminaiy
injunction was maue, may issue ex-paite a TR0 to be
effective foi 2u uays fiom seivice on the paity oi peison
sought to be enjoineu (Section S, Rule S8)
o If the mattei is of extieme uigency anu the applicant will
usffei giave injustice anu iiiepaiable injuiy, the executive
juuge of a multiple-sala couit oi the piesiuing juuge of a
single-sala couit may issue ex paite a TR0 effective foi 72
houis fiom issuance (Section S, Rule S8)
" What is iiiepaiable injuiy. Recuiience that no faii
oi ieasonable ieuiess can be hau in couit of law oi
wheie theie is no stanuaiu by which theii amount
can be measuieu with ieasonable accuiacy
- Piioicontempoianeous to issuance of wiit of pieliminaiy injunction,
what aie the uocuments that neeu to be seiveu. Foi TR0.
o Seivice of summons
o Copy of the complaint oi initiatoiy pleauing
o Applicant's affiuavit anu bonu (Section 4, Rule S8)
" Wheie summons coulu not be seiveu peisonally oi
by substituteu seivice uespite uiligent effoits, oi
the auveise paity is a iesiuent of the Philippines
tempoiaiily absent theiefiom oi is a noniesiuent
theieof, the iequiiement of piioi oi
contempoianeous seivice of summons shall not
apply
- **Who can issue the wiit of pieliminaiy injunctionTR0.
o Couit wheie the action oi pioceeuing is penuing. If the
action oi pioceeuing in the CA oi in the SC, it may be issueu
by saiu couit 0R any membei theieof (Section 2, Rule S8)
o SC, in its oiiginal anu appellate juiisuiction
" TR0 is effective until fuithei oiueis
o CA whethei oi not in aiu of its appellate juiisuiction
" Effective foi 6u uays fiom seivice on the paity
sought to be enjoineu
o Tiial couit in cases penuing befoie it within its teiiitoiial
juiisuiction
o Sanuiganbayan
o Couit of Tax Appeals
o The Nunicipal Tiial Couit CANN0T giant the pieliminaiy
injunction. This is because an action foi injunction is one
incapable of pecuniaiy estimation anu hence, is cognizable
by the RTC.
- Foi TR0, is it always the case that theie be contempoianeous seivice.
- Who is an oiuinaiy juuge.
o Can issue TR0 foi 2u-uay peiiou
o Issue TR0 on what giounus. Same giounus.
- Who is an executive juuge.
o Can issue TR0 foi 72-houi peiiou
- What is iule on iaffling.
o When an application foi a wiit of pieliminaiy injunction oi a
TR0 is incluueu in a complaint oi any initiatoiy pleauing, the
case, if fileu in a multiple-sala couit, shall be iaffleu only
aftei notice to anu in the piesence of the auveise paity oi
the peison to be enjoineu. (Section 4, Rule S8)
- When is summaiy heaiing conuucteu.
o Within 24 houis aftei sheiiff's ietuin of seivice anuoi the
iecoius aie ieceiveu by the bianch selecteu by iaffle anu to
which the iecoius shall be tiansmitteu immeuiately (Section
4, Rule S8)
- Foi TR0
o uieat oi iiiepaiable injuiy ! oiuinaiy juugepiesiuing
juuge; peio notice anu heaiing muna anu valiu foi 2u uays.
24
Within that peiiou, juuge will ueteimine whethei the
application foi wiit of pieliminaiy injunction will be
gianteu.
" Theie's alieauy notice of the iaffle of the case. !
Piioi to the assignment to a paiticulai juuge, theie
is alieauy an application foi injunction against you.
o In case of extieme uigency ! When issueu by the executive
juuge, the iaffle will be next. Then, conuuct a heaiing
whethei oi not to extenu the TR0. The uefenuant still uoes
not know what's going to happen to him. Wala pang seivice.
" Can be extenueu foi 17 moie uays
o TR0 nevei extenuible foi moie than 2u uays. Within the 2u
uay peiiou, the juuge shoulu ueteimine alieauy wn to giant
the pieliminaiy injunction. If juuge uoes not uo anything,
TR0 uies a natuial ueath
- Injunction not available in:
o Laboi uisputes
o Cases involving concessions, licenses anu othei peimits
issueu by public auministiative officials oi bouies foi the
exploitation of natuial iesouices
o Against the execution of goveinment infiastiuctuie piojects
o Against the Piesiuential Agiaiian Refoim Council (PARC) oi
any of its uuly authoiizeu agencies in any case connecteu
with the application, implementation oi enfoicement of
CARP
o Asset Piivatization Tiust
o With oiueis of anothei co-equal iank oi ueciees of a couit
with concuiient oi cooiuinate juiisuiction
o Nay not issue injunction against quasi-juuicial bouies of
equal iank
o Against the IP0, C0NELEC oi Woikmen's Compensation
Commission
o Collection of any national inteinal ievenue tax, fee, oi chaige
o Enjoineu fiom issuing oiueis ieleasing impoiteu aiticles
impounueu by the Buieau of Customs
o Cannot be issueu against consummateu acts like against a
juugment that has alieauy been executeu foi the puipose of
stopping its execution
o Cannot be issueu to tiansfei possession oi contiol of a
piopeity to anothei when the legal title is still in uispute
between the paities anu whose legal title has not been
cleaily establisheu
o Cannot be issueu foi the puipose of establishing new
ielations between the paities
o Cannot be issueu wheie theie is a lack of a cleai anu
unmistakable iight on the paity of the applicant as when the
complainant's iight is uoubtful oi uisputeu
o Those which woulu uispose of the main case without tiial
o Will not lie to iestiain a ciiminal piosecution
" Except to affoiu auequate piotection to the
constitutional iights of the accuseu
" When necessaiy foi the oiueily auministiation of
justice oi to avoiu oppiession oi multiplicity of
actions
" When uouble jeopaiuy is cleaily appaient
" Wheie the chaiges aie manifestly false anu
motivateu by the lust foi vengeance
" Wheie theie is cleaily no piima facie against the
accuseu anu a motion to quash on that giounu has
been uenieu
o Against extiajuuicial foieclosuie of moitgage shall be issueu
on the allegation that the loan has been paiu oi is not
uelinquent unless the application is veifieu anu suppoiteu
by eviuence of payment
- Biocka v. Eniile: Niiiam Befensoi-Santiago v. }PE ! take note of this
case uaw
- uiounus foi objection to, oi foi motion of uissolution.
o Insufficiency
o 0n othei giounus upon affiuavits of the paity oi peison
enjoineu, which may be opposeu by the applicant also by
affiuavits
o If injunction woulu cause iiiepaiable uamage to the peison
enjoineu while the applicant can be fully compensateu foi
such uamages as he may suffei, pioviueu, the uefenuant files
a bonu to pay all the uamages which the applicant may suffei
- ^ In uissolving the wiit, look at uamages that may be sustaineu by
both paities. Boctiine of ielative inconvenience by the paities
- Why uoes the applicant have to fuinish a bonu.
o Bonu answeis foi uamages sustaineu by the peison to whom
the injunction is uiiecteu
- Foi countei-bonu issueu by peison who seeks the injunction to be
uissolveu.
o If he can piove that he will sustain injuiy anu the applicant
can be fully compensateu
o You shoulu piove the uamages
o uiant of uamages can't be moie than the amount of the bonu
(as opposeu to attachment)
2S
o Attachment anu injunction amount fixeu by the couit.
- Wiit of injunction can be enfoiceu by a RTC with iegaius to foicible
entiy cases only within theii iegional uistiict. Bence RTC Nakati can
issue foi Nanila kasi NCR naman.

!"#$ ?7( !$3$,8$!/A,5
- Noie haish than attachment
o In attachment ! custouia legis
o Replevin ! Someone holus it
- veiifieu application!
- Can be gianteu even aftei final juugment to pieseive the piopeity
- A ieceivei must be inuiffeient towaius the paities
- Consent of paities anu appioval of couit is iequiieu in investment of
funus
- Receivei's bonu: as officei of couit, must file a bonu anu take an oath.
Failuie to uo so, ultia viies yung actions niya
- Any action against ieceivei iequiies leave of couit

!"#$ ':( !$5#$8,-
- Biffeientiate ieplevin fiom attachment
Replevin Attachment
Nay be sought only when the
piincipal action is iecoveiy of
peisonal piopeity
Available even if iecoveiy of piopeity
is only inciuental to the ielief sought
Can be sought only when uefenuant is
in actual possession of the piopeity
Nay be iesoiteu to even if the
piopeity is in possession of a thiiu
peison
Cannot be availeu of when piopeity is
in custouia legis
Can be availeu of even if piopeity is in
custouia legis
Available befoie uefenuant answeis Available fiom commencement but
befoie entiy of juugment
Bonu is uouble the value of the
piopeity
Bonu is fixeu by the couit
Puipose is to iecovei peisonal
piopeity capable of manual ueliveiy
fiom the uefenuant
Puipose is not to iecovei any
piopeity but simply to have the
piopeity put in custouy of the couit to
secuie the satisfaction of the
juugment that may be ienueieu in
favoi of the plaintiff at some futuie
time
Piopeity eithei belongs to the plaintiff
oi one ovei which the plaintiff has a
iight of possession
Piopeity uoes not belong to the
plaintiff but to the uefenuant
Nay be availeu of without showing
that the piopeity is being concealeu
oi uisposeu of to the piejuuice of the
plaintiff
Neeu to show that the piopeity is
being iemoveu, concealeu oi uisposeu
of
- Replevin moie haish than attachment. This only applies to movable
piopeity anu tiansfeis possession to the applicant.
- Nust be stiictly shown that applicant is ownei oi entitleu to
possession of such movable piopeity
- Possession is taken fiom you oi being helu by anothei peison anu
such piopeity is not iestiaineu by tax levy oi custouia legis
- With iegaius to ieplevin, no mention of a veiifieu application. B0T
theie must be an affiuavit of meiit, so to speak, that must be fileu by
the applicant
- Bonu is not fixeu by the couit B0T shoulu be twice the value of the
movable piopeity. That's why in the affiuavit, you state how much the
movable piopeity is.
- To uischaige, you can file countei-bonu oi show insufficiency of
complaint
- In ieplevin, the sheiiff gets the piopeity togethei with seivice of
summons. (Pweue kasi ex paite). Pag nakuha na ng sheiiff, he keeps it
foi S uays. If aftei S uays anu the uefenuant fails to act, sheiiff has to
tuin ovei piopeity to the plaintiff
- Application shoulu be fileu befoie an answei is fileu
- Replevin is pieliminaiy to foieclosuie of chattel moitgage. But
sometimes not. Baha.
- }uuge's expeiience: once the sheiiff gets the piopeity, tapos na yung
kaso
- Nain action is usually possession
- (Notice of lis peuens is also a type of piovisional iemeuy)
- Noie stiingent ielief.
- Replevin ! anywheie in the Philippines basta mahanap mo yung
peisonal oi movable piopeity

!"#$ '&( /"55*!+ 5$-.$-+$ #,+$
26
- Theie must be a main action, usually an action foi suppoit, nullity of
maiiiage, iecognition of the chilu oi legal sepaiation
- But }uuge uoesn't want to limit it to the above
- Issue as to piopiiety of the suppoit oi the iight to suppoit ! you
cannot giant suppoit oi alimony penuente lite. The couit shoulu fiist
ueciue whethei suppoit shoulu be gianteu.
- Any juugment oi oiuei by the couit iegaiuing suppoit is meiely
piovisional. Change in situation of paities may iesult to anothei
application foi suppoit. Kahit may compiomise agieement sila!
!"#$ '9( ,-+$!5#$1.$!
- When is a suit in inteipleauei piopei.
o The plaintiff claims no inteiest in the subject mattei oi his
claim theieto is not uisputeu
o Paities to be inteipleaueu must make effective claims
o Theie must be at least two oi moie conflicting claimants
o The subject mattei must be one anu the same (Section 1,
Rule 62)
- What is a suit in inteipleauei.
o Is a special civil iemeuy wheie a peison, who has piopeity in
his possession oi an obligation to peifoim, eithei wholly oi
paitially, but who claims no inteiest in the subject, oi whose
inteiest, in whole oi in pait, is not uisputeu by otheis, goes
to couit anu asks that conflicting claimants to the piopeity
oi ob ligation be iequiieu to litigate among themselves in
oiuei to ueteimine finally who is entitleu to the same
- Is a motion to uismiss available in an inteipleauei.
o YES
o 0n the giounu of impiopiiety of the inteipleauei action oi
o 0n othei appiopiiate giounus specifieu in Rule 16 (Section
4, Rule S8)
" That the couit has no juiisuiction ovei the peison
of the uefenuing paity
" That the couit has no juisiucition ovei the subject
mattei of the claim
" That venue is impiopeily laiu
" That the plaintiff has no legal capacity to sue
" That theie is anothei action penuing between the
same paities foi the same cause
" That the cause of action is baiieu by a piioi
juugment oi by the statute of limitations
" That the claim oi uemanu set foith in the plaintiff's
pleauing has been paiu, waiveu, abanuoneu, oi
otheiwise extinguisheu
" That the claim on which the action is founueu is
unenfoiceable unuei the piovisions of the statue of
fiauus
" That a conuition pieceuent foi filing the claim has
not been complieu with
- ^Inteipleauei is N0T piopei
o Action wheie uefenuants claims aie sepaiate anu uistinct
fiom each othei
o Action wheie one of the uefenuants eailiei sueu plaintiff anu
hau final juugment alieauy
!"#$ '<( .$3#1!1+*!@ !$#,$2 1-. /,),#1! !$)$.,$/
- **What is an action foi ueclaiatoiy ieliefwhen is it piopei.
o An action foi ueclaiatoiy ielief is biought to secuie an
authoiitative statement foi the iights anu obligations of the
paities unuei a contiact oi a statute foi theii guiuance in the
enfoicement oi compliance with the same.
o The puipose is to ask the couit to ueteimine any question of
constiuction oi valiuity aiising fiom the subject mattei, anu
foi the ueclaiation of the iights anu uuties theiein (Section 1,
Rule 6S)
o Puipose is to seek a juuicial inteipietation anu N0T to ask
foi affiimative ieliefs like injunction oi uamages.
o In ueclaiatoiy ielief, the couit, motu piopiio oi upon motion
may iefuse to exeicise the powei to ueclaie iights anu to
constiue instiuments in any case wheie a uecision woulu
not teiminate the unceitainty oi contioveisy which gave iise
to the action, oi in any case wheie the ueclaiation oi
constiuction is not necessaiy anu piopei unuei the
ciicumstances (Section S, Rule 6S)
o In ueclaiatoiy ielief, the couit is given the uiscietion to act
oi not to act on the petition. It may theiefoie, choose not to
constiue the instiument sought to be constiueu oi coulu
iefiain fiom ueclaiing the iights of the petitionei unuei the
ueeu oi the law. A iefusal of the couit to ueclaie iights oi
constiue an instiument is actually the functional equivalent
of the uismissal of the petition but on any of the two giounus
not founu in eithei Rule 16 oi Rule 17 of the Rules of Couit,
namely:
27
" Wheie a uecision on the petition woulu not
teiminate the unceitainty oi contioveisy which
gave iise to the action oi
" Wheie the ueclaiation oi constiuction is not
necessaiy anu piopei unuei the ciicumstances as
when the instiument oi the statute has alieauy
been bieacheu (Section S, Rule 6S)
o 0n the othei hanu, the couit uoes not have the uiscietion to
iefuse to act with iespect to actions uesciibeu as 'similai
iemeuies'.
" Thus in an action foi iefoimation of an instiument,
to quiet title oi to consoliuate owneiship, the couit
cannot iefuse to ienuei a juugment.
- **When is ueclaiatoiy ielief available.
o Fiom Riano:
" Theie must be a justiciable contioveisy
" The contioveisy must be between peisons whose
inteiests aie auveise
" The paity seeking the ielief must have a legal
inteiest in the contioveisy
" That the issue is iipe foi juuicial ueteimination
o Beua notes:
" The subject mattei of the contioveisy must be a
ueeu, will, contiact oi othei wiitten instiument,
statute, executive oiuei oi iegulation oi oiuinance
" Theie must be an actual justiciable contioveisy oi
the iipening seeus of one between peison whose
inteiests aie auveise
" Theie must have been no bieach of the uocuments
in question
" The teims of saiu uocuments anu the valiuity
theieof aie uoubtful anu iequiie juuicial
constiuction
" The issue must be iipe foi juuicial ueteimination,
as, foi example, wheie all auministiative iemeuies
have been exhausteu
" Auequate ielief is not available thiough othei
means oi othei foims of action oi pioceeuing
- If theie is alieauy a bieach, why is ueclaiatoiy ielief N0T piopei.
o Piopei civil action na uapat. Binui na special civil action.
- Is it only available when one has uoubts to the applicability of the
contiact against him. When is it otheiwise available.
o Law allegeu to be unconstitutional
o Nunicipal oiuinance's valiuity is questioneu
- Nust theie be a cause of action.
o N0 because a cause of action piesupposes that theie has
been a bieach alieauy
- Wheie is it fileu.
o RTC which has exclusive oiiginal juiisuiction
o In the appiopiiate RTC (Section 1, Rule 6S
o Bowevei, wheie the action is one foi quieting of title,
ieconveyance of title to ieal piopeity, oi cancellation of title
to ieal piopeity, which is a similai iemeuy unuei the seconu
paiagiaph of Section 1, Rule 6S, the juiisuiction will uepenu
upon the assesseu value of the piopeity
o B0T if the petition has fai-ieaching implications anu it iaises
questions that shoulu be iesolveu, it may be tieateu as one
foi piohibition oi manuamus which the SC oi CA may take
cognizance
- Is NTB available foi action foi ueclaiatoiy ielief.
o YES
- Peiiou of time to file an answei, meion.
o .
- Why can one file a petition foi ueclaiatoiy ielief. Why is it maue
available.
o To ielieve the lititgants of the common law iule that no
ueclaiation of iights may be juuicially aujuugeu unless a
iight has been violateu anu foi the violation of which ielief
may be gianteu
o Beclaiatoiy juugments aie to be uistinguisheu fiom those
which aie auvisoiy in chaiactei, since they aie ies juuicata
anu binuing upon the paities anu those in piivity with them
anu fiom uecision of abstiact oi moot questions since they
must involve a ieal contioveisy
- If in the inteiim, while petition is penuing anu theie is a bieach of the
contiact, what happens.
o Conveit into an oiuinaiy action, anu the paities shall be
alloweu to file such pleauings as may be necessaiy oi piopei
(Section 6, Rule 6S)
- Filing of a counteiclaim is not uisalloweu
- Not available if a paity fails to exhaust auministiative iemeuies
- Execution is not available unless the allegations also state action foi
specific peifoimance

28
- Why is it calleu special civil actions.
o Inuepenuent, speeuy iemeuy
o But they aie still civil actions
!"#$ '>( !$8,$C *2 D".=)$-+/ 1-. 2,-1# *!.$!/ *! !$/*#"+,*-/
*2 +A$ 3*)),//,*- *- $#$3+,*-/ 1-. +A$ 3*)),//,*- *- 1".,+
- **Fiom a final oiuei fiom the C0NELEC, CSC, C0A wheie uo you go.
o C0NELEC anu C0A go to SC
o CSC goes to CA fiist
" This is because of RA 79u2 which eliminateu such
iecouise to the SC anu tiansfeiiing the ievising
powei to the CA ovei ALL aujuuications of the CSC
- **Bow many uays foi filing.
o Su uays fiom notice of juugment.
o If NR is uenieu, the petition must be fileu within the
iemaining peiiou, but which shall not be less than S uays in
any event, ieckoneu fiom notice of uenial
- In the event of NRNNT what happens.
- Is an appeal: Petition foi ieview on ceitioiaii

!"#$ '?( 3$!+,*!1!,E 5!*A,;,+,*-E 1-. )1-.1)"/

- **Biffeience of ceitioiaii, piohibition, manuamus
Ceitioiaii Piohibition Nanuamus
Biiecteu against an
entity oi peison
exeicising juuicial 0R
quasi-juuicial functions
Against an entity oi
peison exeicising
juuicial, quasi-juuicial
0R ministeiial functions
Against an entity oi
peison exeicising
ministeiial functions
Entity oi peison is
allegeu to have acteu:
1. Without juiisuiction
2. In excess of
juiisuiction
S. With giave abuse of
uiscietion amounting to
lack oi excess of
juiisuiction
Entity oi peison is
allegeu to have acteu:
1. Without juiisuiction
2. In excess of
juiisuiction
S. With giave abuse of
uiscietion amounting to
lack oi excess of
juiisuiction
Entity oi peison is
allegeu is allegeu to
have unlawfully:
1. Neglecteu a
ministeiial uuty 0R
2. Excluueu anothei
fiom a iight oi office
Puipose is to annul oi To have iesponuent Puipose is foi
nullify a pioceeuing uesist fiom fuithei
pioceeuing
iesponuent to uo the act
iequiieu anu to pay
uamages
Coveis uiscietionaiy
acts
Biscietionaiy anu
ministeiial acts
Ninisteiial acts
Remeuy is coiiective -
to coiiect usuipation of
juiisuiction
Remeuy is pieventive
anu negative - to
iestiain oi pievent
usuipation of
juiisuiction
Remeuy is affiimative oi
positive (if the
peifoimance of a uuty is
oiueieu) oi it is
negative (if peison is
oiueieu to uesist fiom
excluuing anothei fiom
a iight oi office

- Bow many uays foi filing.
o Not latei than 6u uays fiom notice of juugment, oiuei, oi
iesolution (Section 4, Rule 6S)
- In the event of NRNNT what happens.
o In case a motion foi ieconsiueiation oi new tiial is timely
fileu, whethei such motion is iequiieu oi not, the petition
shall be fileu not latei than 6u uays fiom the notice of the
uenial of the motion. (Section 4, Rule 6S)
o If a motion foi ieconsiueiation is fileu, the peiiou shall not
only be inteiiupteu but anothei 6u uays shall be given to the
petitionei within which to file the appiopiiate petition foi
ceitioiaii oi piohibition with the supeiioi couit (SC
Auministiative Ciiculai uu-2-uS)
- Penuing appeal unuei Rule 4S, can you stay juugment.
o YES.
o As opposeu to Rule 6S, you have to get a TR0 oi wiit of
pieliminaiy injunction (Section 7, Rule 6S)
" ^ Filing of petition unuei Rule 6S B0ES N0T
PREvENT the lowei couit whose uecisionjuuicial
function fiom pioceeuing. Such couit is enjoineu to
pioceeu with the case in the absence of any
injunctive oiuei fiom the highei couit.
- Rule 6S can be useu to assail inteilocutoiy oiueis.
- Binui pweueng Rule 4S anu 6S! Kasi mutually exclusive. The meie fact
you appealeu means you have an auequate iemeuy
- **Appeal negates ceitioiaii. B0T theie aie exceptions wheie even
appeal is available, a wiit of ceitioiaii may be alloweu. These aie:
29
o When it can be shown that appeal woulu be inauequate,
slow, insufficient anu will not piomptly ielieve a paity fiom
the injuiious effects of the oiuei complaineu of
o When oiueis weie issueu eithei in excess of oi without
juiisuiction
o Foi ceitain special consiueiations as public policy oi public
welfaie
o When the oiuei is a patent nullity
o When uecision in the ceitioiaii case will avoiu futuie
litigation
- **Biffeience between 4S anu 6S
Ceitioiaii unuei Rule 6S Appeal by ceitioiaii unuei Rule 4S
Piopei to coiiect eiiois of
juiisuiction committeu by the lowei
couit, oi giave abuse of uiscietion
which is tantamount to lack of
juiisuiction
Piopei wheie the eiioi is not one of
juiisuiction but an eiioi of law oi fact
which is a mistake of juugment; seeks
to ieview final juugments oi final
oiueis
Invokes oiiginal juiisuiction of the
couit
Invokes appellate juiisuiction of the
couit
Fileu within 6u uays fiom notice of
juugment oiuei oi iesolution
Fileu within the peiiou foi appeal
(usually 1S uays fiom notice of
juugment oi within Su uays wheie a
iecoiu on appeal is iequiieu)
0iiginal anu inuepenuent action Continuation of the oiiginal case
(appeal)
Impleaus the tiibunal, couit, boaiu oi
officei
Paities aie the oiiginal paities to the
case
Requiies piioi NR (but subject to
exceptions)
No iequiiement foi piioi NR
Boes not stay the juugment unless
enjoineu oi iestiaineu
Stays the juugment appealeu fiom
Fileu with the RTC, CA, SC,
Sanuiganbayan
Fileu with the SC

o Rule 6S no question of fact uapat but sometimes SC will look
at factual finuings because it has to ueteimine fiom the facts
establisheu whethei a given agency (in ueciuing question of
law) committeu giave abuse of uiscietionlack of
juiisuiction
o SC can only look at factschange it 0NLY IF its not suppoiteu
by eviuence
- What is piohibition.
o Wiit issueu by a supeiioi couit anu uiiecteu against an
infeiioi couit, coipoiation, boaiu, officei oi othei peison
whethei exeicising juuicial, quasi-juuicial oi ministeiial
functions foi the puipose of pieventing the lattei fiom
usuiping juiisuiction with which it is not legally vesteu
o Legal iemeuy available to pievent infeiioi couits, oi othei
tiibunals, coipoiations, boaius, officeis, oi peisons, fiom
usuiping oi exeicising a juiisuiction with which they have
not been vesteu by law, to pievent the unlawful anu
oppiessive exeicise of legal authoiity anu to pioviue foi a
faii anu oiueily auministiation of justice
o Theie is no appeal oi any othei plain, speeuy, anu auequate
iemeuy in the oiuinaiy couise of law (Section 2, Rule 6S)
o What poweis aie being exeiciseu.
- What is manuamus.
o Wiit of manuamus is a wiit issueu in the name of the State,
to an infeiioi tiibunal, coipoiation, boaiu oi peison,
commanuing the peifoimance of an act which the law
enjoins as a uuty iesulting fiom an office, tiust, oi station
o Extiaoiuinaiy wiit commanuing a tiibunal, coipoiation,
boaiu oi peison, to uo an act iequiieu to be uone:
" When it oi he unlawfully neglects the peifoimance
of an act which the law specifically enjoins as a
uuty, anu theie is no othei plain, speeuy anu
auequate iemeuy in the oiuinaiy couise of law
" It is also available when one unlawfully excluues
anothei fiom the use anu enjoyment of a iight oi
office to which such othei is entitleu. (Section S,
Rule 6S)
- What is quasi-juuicial act, juuicial act, ministeiial act.
Quasi-juuicial act }uuicial act Ninisteiial act
Refeis to the acts of
public auministiative
officeis oi bouies
iequiieu to investigate
facts oi asceitain the
existence of facts, holu
heaiings, anu uiaw
conclusions fiom them,
as a basis foi theii
official actions, anu to
exeicise uiscietion of a
Powei to ueteimine
what the law is anu
what the legal iights of
the paities aie, anu then
unueitakes to
ueteimine these
questions anu
aujuuicate upon the
iights of the paities
Bemanus no special
juugment, uiscietion oi
skill. It is one in which
nothing is left to
uiscietion.
Su
juuicial natuie
Clotheu with powei anu authoiity to pass juugment
oi ienuei a uecision on the contioveisy constiuing
anu applying the laws to that enu
Without iegaiu to oi the
exeicise of his own
juugment upon the
impiopiiety of the act
uone

- *Although the filing of a motion foi ieconsiueiation is a conuition sine
qua non foi ceitioiaii |piohibition, oi manuamusj to lie, the iule is
subject to ceitain exceptions:
o Wheie the oiuei is a patent nullity, as wheie the couit a quo
has no juiisuiction
o Wheie the questions iaiseu in the ceitioiaii pioceeuing have
been uuly iaiseu anu passeu by the lowei couit, oi aie the
same as those iaiseu anu passeu upon in the lowei couit
o Wheie theie is an uigent necessity foi the iesolution of the
question anu any fuithei uelay woulu piejuuice the inteiests
of the goveinment oi of the petitionei
o Wheie the subject mattei is peiishable
o Wheie unuei the ciicumstances a NR woulu be useless
o Wheie petitionei was uepiiveu of uue piocess anu theie is
extieme uigency foi ielief
o Wheie in a ciiminal case, ielief fiom oiuei of aiiest is uigent
anu the gianting of such ielief by the tiial couit is
impiobable
o Wheie the pioceeuings in the lowei couit aie a nullity foi
lack of uue piocess
o Wheie the pioceeuings was ex paite oi in which the
petitionei hau no oppoitunity to object
o Wheie the issue iaiseu is one puiely of law oi wheie public
inteiest is involveu
- Requisites foi ceitioiaii
o Theie must be a contioveisy
o Petition is uiiecteu against a tiibunal, boaiu oi officei
exeicising juuicial oi quasi-juuicial functions
o That such tiibunal, boaiu oi officei has acteu without oi in
excess of juiisuiction oi with giave abuse of uiscietion
o Theie is neithei appeal oi any plain, speeuy, anu auequate
iemeuy in the oiuinaiy couise of law oi the puipose of
annulling oi mouifying the pioceeuing (Section 1, Rule 6S)
- Requisites foi piohibition
o Theie must be a contioveisy
o Petition uiiecteu against a tiibunal, coipoiation, boaiu oi
peison exeicising juuicial, quasi-juuicial oi ministeiial
functions
o Tiibunal, coipoiation, boaiu oi peison must have acteu
without oi in excess of juiisuiction oi with giave abuse of
uiscietion amounting to lack of juiisuiction
o Theie is no appeal oi any othei plain, speeuy, anu auequate
iemeuy in the oiuinaiy couise of law (Section 2, Rule 6S)
- Requisites foi manuamus
o Theie must be a cleai legal iight oi uuty
o The act to be peifoimeu must be piactical - within the
poweis of the iesponuent to peifoim such that if the wiit of
manuamus was issueu, he can comply with it, oi else the
essence will be uefeateu
o Responuent must be exeicising a ministeiial uuty - a uuty
which is absolute anu impeiative anu involves meiely its
execution
o Buty oi act to be peifoimeu must be existing - a coiielative
iight will be uenieu if not peifoimeu by the iesponuents
o Theie is no othei plain, speeuy anu auequate iemeuy in the
oiuinaiy couise of law. Pieliminaiy injunction must be
sought
- Remembei that Rule 6S uoes not affect piivate ielations between
paities.
- If motion to uismiss is gianteu, iecouise is appeal
- Benial of motion to uismiss
o uR you can't appeal kasi ui pa final oiuei. Inteilocutoiy.
Theiefoie file youi answei 0NLESS such uenial is with giave
abuse of uiscietion then you can file unuei Rule 6S
- Walang Rule 6S sa summaiy pioceuuie, small claims against
inteilocutoiy oiueis issueu by the couit. Peio may case na yung
inteilocutoiy oiuei na naging non-action by couit, pinayagan na yung
ceitioiaii
- Wiit of ampaio, wiit of habeas uata, iule 4S applies (.)
- Wheie uo you file.
o CA - whethei oi not the same is in aiu of its appellate
juiisuiction
o Sanuiganbayan - whethei oi not in aiu of its appellate
juiisuiction
o RTC - if it ielates to the acts oi omissions of a municipal tiial
couit, a coipoiation, boaiu, officei, oi peison
o If it involves acts oi omissions of a quasi-juuicial agency, anu
unless otheiwise pioviueu by law oi the iules, the petition
shall be fileu in anu cognizable only by the CA
S1
o In election cases involving an act oi omission of NTCRTC, it
shall be fileu exclusively with the C0NELEC, in aiu of its
appellate juiisuiction (Section 4, Rule 6S; AN No. u7-7-12-
SC)

!"#$ ''( F"* C1!!1-+*
- Wheie uo you file quo waiianto.
o The action can be biought in the SC, CA oi RTC exeicising
juiisuiction ovei the teiiitoiial aiea wheie the iesponuent
iesiues oi any of the iesponuent iesiues
o If commenceu by the Solicitoi ueneial, it may be fileu with
the RTC of Nanila, CA oi SC (Section 7, Rule 66)
- What aie the instances wheie quo waiianto is piopei.
o When a peison who usuips, intiuues into, oi unlawfully
holus oi exeicises a public office, position oi fianchise
o When a public officei who uoes oi suffeis an act which, by
the piovision of law, constitutes a giounu foi the foifeituie
of his office
o When an association which acts as a coipoiation within the
Philippines without being legally incoipoiateu oi without
lawful authoiity so to act.
- Biffeience of quo waiianto pioceeuings of elective officials v.
appointive officials
Elective official Appointive office
Issue is eligibility of the iesponuent Issue is valiuity of the appointment
0ccupant who was ueclaieu ineligible
oi uisloyal will be unseateu but the
petitionei will N0T be ueclaieu the
iightful occupant of the office
The couit will oust the peison illegally
appointeu anu WILL 0RBER the
seating of the peison who as legally
appointeu anu entitleu to the office
Nust be fileu within 1u uays fiom
pioclamation of the canuiuate
Nust be fileu within 1 yeai fiom the
petitionei's oustei fiom the office
Action may be fileu by any iegisteieu
canuiuate foi the same office, who
even if the petition piospeis W00LB
N0T be entitleu to the office
Petitionei N0ST BE the peison
ENTITLEB to the office anu woulu
assume if action succeeus

- If goveinment positions have eithei 1u uays oi 1 yeai foi filing, theie
is no peiiou foi coipoiations. }uuge says laches may apply.
- Rememebei that appeal anu ceitioiaii aie mutually exclusive. Peio
ang quo waiianto anu manuamus pweueng ipagsabay! #
- In quo waiianto, theie is N0 iequiiement, as in piohibition oi
manuamus, that iequiies that if theie's no appeal, theie's no quo
waiianto. Also, theie neeu not be an exhaustion of auministiative
iemeuies to file quo waiianto!
- }uuge says that in election case, it is not automatic that whoevei fileu
the petition that piospeieu becomes the uuly electeu official. "Because
the numbei 2 is nevei numbei 1. The numbei 2 canuiuate won't
ieplace the numbei 1 canuiuate."
- Take note of Section 11, Rule 66, theie is a time bai of 1 yeai to claim
uamages

!"#$ '0( $B5!*5!,1+,*-
- Bow is powei of eminent uomain exeiciseu.
o Inheient powei of a state
o The powei of eminent uomain in paiticulai, has been
uesciibeu as a iight to take oi ieasseit uominion ovei
piopeity within the state foi public use oi to meet a public
exigency anu is saiu to be an essential pait of goveinance
even in its most piimitive foim anu thus insepaiable fiom
soveieignty. But while the powei of eminent uomain uoes
not owe its existence fiom the Constitution, ceitain
iestiaints may be set to it by the Constiuttion foi the
piotection of the citizeniy against state encioachment into
funuamental anu equally inheient inuiviuual iights.
- What shoulu the couit ueteimine in an action foi expiopiiation.
o Fiist stage is to ueteimine the authoiity of the goveinment
to expiopiiate. This ueteimination incluues an inquiiy in to
the piopiiety of the expiopiiation - its necessity anu the
public puipose
" The fiist stage will enu in the issuance of an oiuei
of expiopiiation if the couit finus foi the plaintiff oi
in the uismissal of the complaint if it finus
otheiwise
o The seconu stage is the ueteimination of just compensation
thiough the couit-appointeu commissioneis
- What shoulu a complaint foi expiopiiation contain.
o vERIFIEB complaint
S2
o Right anu puipose of expiopiiation
o Besciiption of the ieal oi peisonal piopeity sought to be
expiopiiateu
o All peisons owning oi claiming to own oi occupying any pait
oi inteiest theiein must be joineu as uefenuants, showing, so
fai as piacticable, the sepaiate inteiest of each uefenuant
o If the title of the piopeity to be expiopiiateu is in the name
of the Republic of the Philippines oi if the title is obscuie oi
uoubtful, aveiment to that effect shall be maue in the
complaint (Section 1, Rule 67)
- What aie the 2 issues foi a given tiial couit to ueteimine.
o Whethei expiopiiation is foi public puipose
o }ust compensation
- 0iuei of expiopiiation
o An oiuei of expiopiiation (also iefeiieu to as oiuei of
conuemnation) will be issueu ueclaiing that the plaintiff has
a lawful iight to take the piopeity foi the public use oi
puipose uesciibeu in the complaint upon the payment of just
compensation in the event the objections of the uefenuant
aie oveiiuleu oi when no paity appeais to object to oi to
uefenu against the expiopiiation (Section 4, Rule 67)
o Aftei the ienuition of the oiuei of expiopiiation, the plaintiff
shall not be peimitteu to uismiss oi uiscontinue the
pioceeuing except upon such teims as the couit ueems just
anu equitable (Section 4, Rule 67)
o The oiuei of expiopiiation, as fai as the couit is conceineu,
settles the issue as to the iight to expiopiiate anu the issue
of public puipose. The next vital issue is the ueteimination of
just compensation.
- What shoulu couit uo upon oiuei of expiopiiation.
o The oiuei of expiopiiation meiely ueclaies that the plaintiff
has the lawful iight to expiopiiate the piopeity but contains
no asceitainment of the compensation to be paiu to the
ownei of the piopeity. So upon the ienuition of the oiuei of
expiopiiation, the couit shall appoint not moie than S
commissioneis to asceitain the just compensation foi the
piopeity. 0bjections to the appointment maybe maue within
1u uays fiom seivice of the oiuei of appointment (Section S,
Rule 67). The commissioneis aie entitleu to fees anu theii
fees shall be taxeu as pait of the costs of the pioceeuings,
anu all costs shall be paiu by the plaintiff except those costs
of iival claimants litigating theii claims (Section 12, Rule 67).
o It has been iuleu that the appointment of commissioneis to
asceitain just compensation foi the piopeity sought to be
taken is a manuatoiy iequiiement in expiopiiation cases.
Wheie the piincipal issue is the ueteimination of just
compensation, a heaiing befoie the commissioneis is
inuispensable to allow the paities to piesent eviuence on the
issue of just compensation. While it is tiue that the finuings
of commissioneis may be uisiegaiueu anu the tiial couit
may substitute its own estimate of the value, the lattei may
only uo so foi valiu ieasons, that is, wheie the
commissioneis have applieu illegal piinciples to the
eviuence submitteu to them, wheie they have uisiegaiueu a
cleai pieponueiance of eviuence, oi wheie the amount
alloweu is eithei giossly inauequate oi excessive. Thus, the
tiial with the aiu of the commissioneis is a substantial iight
that may not be uone away with capiiciously oi foi no
ieason at all. Wheie no tiial oi heaiing was conuucteu to
affoiu the paities the oppoitunity to piesent theii own
eviuence, the couit shoulu uisiegaiu the commissionei's
finuings. The absence of such tiial oi heaiing constitutes a
violation of the iight of uue piocess.
o The paities may intiouuce theii eviuence befoie the
commissioneis anu they may aigue theii case eithei by
themselves oi by counsel. In asceitaining the compensation,
the commissioneis shall
" Assess the consequential uamages to the piopeity
not taken anu ueuuct fiom such consequential
uamages the consequential benefits to be ueiiveu
by the ownei fiom the public use oi puipose of the
piopeity taken but in no case shall the
consequential benefits assesseu exceeu the
consequential uamages oi shall the ownei be
uepiiveu of the actual value of his piopeity so
taken (Section 7, Rule 67)
o As a iule the commissioneis shall make theii iepoit within
6u uays fiom the uate they weie notifieu of theii
appointment. This peiiou may be extenueu in the uiscietion
of the couit (Section 7, Rule 67)
- **Bow is just compensation ueteimineu by the commissioneis.
o }ust compensation is uefineu as the full anu faii equivalent of
the piopeity sought to be expiopiiateu. The measuie is not
the takei's gain but the ownei's loss. The compensation, to
be just, must be faii not only to the ownei but also to the
takei. Even as unueivaluation woulu uepiive the ownei of
his piopeity without uue piocess, so too woulu its
oveivaluation unuuly favoi to him piejuuice of the public.
SS
o }ust compensation is equivalent to the faii maiket value of
the piopeity at the time of its taking oi filing of complaint
whichevei comes fiist. It is the faii anu full equivalent foi the
loss sustaineu by the uefenuant.
o To ueteimine just compensation, the tiial couit shoulu fiist
asceitain the maiket value of the piopeity, to which shoulu
be auueu the consequential uamages aftei ueuucting
theiefiom the consequential benefits which may aiise fiom
the expiopiiation. If the consequential benefits exceeu the
consequential uamages, these items shoulu be uisiegaiueu
altogethei as the basic value of the piopeity shoulu be paiu
in eveiy case.
o Among the factois to be consiueieu in aiiiving at the faii
maiket value of the piopeity aie the
" Cost of acquisition
" Cuiient value of like piopeities
" Its actual oi potential uses
" In the case of lanus, theii size, shape, location anu
tax ueclaiations
o If the compensation is not paiu when the piopeity is taken,
but is postponeu to a latei uate, the inteiest awaiueu is
actually pait of just compensation which takes into account
such uelay
- Bow many commissioneis. Is 1 alloweu.
o Pweue 1 but as long as not moie than S (Section S, Rule 67)
o Couit can uisiegaiu the commissionei's iepoit when theie
aie giounus to uo so such as when piice is inauequate oi
fiauu
- Can a state expiopiiate peisonal piopeity.
o YES
- **When can the expiopiiating entity entei a given piopeitytake
possession.
o The iecognition of the iequiiements of the public goou
allows the expiopiiatoi to take oi entei upon the possession
of the ieal piopeity upon the filing of the complaint oi at any
time aftei the filing of the complaint aftei uue notice to the
uefenuant. Bowevei, it is N0T the meie filing of the
complaint which entitles the plaintiff to take oi entei upon
the possession of the ieal piopeity subject of the complaint.
0nuei Section 2 of Rule 67 as piesently wiitten, in oiuei to
be entitleu to the possession of the piopeity subject of the
complaint foi expiopiiation, the plaintiff upon the filing of
the complaint oi at any time theieaftei, must ueposit with
the piopei goveinment authoiity an amount equivalent to
the assesseu value of the piopeity foi puiposes of taxation
with an authoiizeu goveinment uepositaiy, which ueposit
shall be helu by the bank subject to the oiueis of the couit.
o If peisonal piopeity is involveu, which has no assesseu
value, the amount to be uepositeu shall be fixeu by the couit
aftei the value of the piopeity is piovisionally asceitaineu
o The ueposit iefeiieu to shall be in money, unless the couit
authoiizes a ueposit in the foim of a ceitificate of ueposit of
a goveinment bank of the RP payable on uemanu to the
authoiizeu uepositaiy
o Notice is iequiieu to be sent to the uefenuant befoie placing
the plaintiff in possession of the piopeity (Section 2, Rule
67)
- Exeicise of eminent uomain by local goveinment units
o Section 19, RA 716u (Local uoveinment Coue)
o An oiuinance is enacteu by the local legislative council
authoiizing the local chief executive, in behalf of the local
goveinment unit, to exeicise the powei of eminent uomain
oi puisue expiopiiation pioceeuings ovei a paiticulai
piivate piopeity
o The powei of eminent uomain is exeiciseu foi public use,
puipose oi welfaie, oi foi the benefit of the pooi anu the
lanuless
o Theie is payment of just compensation
o A valiu anu uefinite offei has been pieviously maue to the
ownei of the piopeity sought to be expiopiiateu, but saiu
offei was not accepteu
o That the local goveinment unit may immeuiately take
possession of the piopeity upon the filing of the
expiopiiation pioceeuings anu upon making a ueposit with
the piopei couit of at least 1S% of the faii maiket value of
the piopeity baseu on the cuiient tax ueclaiation of the
piopeity to be expiopiiateu
o That the amount to be paiu foi the expiopiiateu piopeity
shall be ueteimineu by the piopei couit, baseu on the faii
maiket value at the time of the taking of the piopeity
- }esus is Loiu case.
- Naiket value pay to whom. Not uepositeu.
o The payment shall involve the amount fixeu in the juugment
anu shall incluue legal inteiest fiom the taking of possession
of the piopeity (Section 1u, Rule 67)
o If the uefenuant ueclines to ieceive the amount tenueieu, the
same shall be oiueieu uepositeu in couit anu such ueposit
shall have the same effect as actual payment theieof to the
S4
uefenuant oi to the peison ultimately aujuugeu oi entitleu
theieto (Section 1u, Rule 67)
o If theie aie conflicting claims to the piopeity oi the
owneiship theieof is unceitain, the couit may oiuei that the
sum uue as compensation be paiu to the couit foi the benefit
of the peison who shall be latei on aujuugeu entitleu to
payment (Section 9, Rule 67)
- Notice.
- Biffeientiate Rule 67, RA 8974, RA 716u
o RA 8974 - An Act to Facilitate the Acquisition of Right-of-
Way, Site oi Location foi National uoveinment
Infiastiuctuie Piojects anu Foi 0thei Puiposes
Rule 67 RA 8974 RA 716u
uoveinment is iequiieu
only to make an initial
ueposit with an
authoiizeu goveinment
uepositaiy.
uoveinment is iequiieu
to make immeuiate
payment to the piopeity
ownei upon the filing of
the complaint to be
entitleu to a wiit of
possession
Local goveinment unit
may immeuiately take
possession of the
piopeity upon the filing
of the expiopiiation
pioceeuings anu upon
making a ueposit with
the piopei couit of at
least 1S% of the faii
maiket value
Initial ueposit is
equivalent to the
assesseu value of the
piopeity foi puiposes of
taxation
Relevant stanuaiu foi
initial compensation is
the maiket value of the
piopeity as stateu in the
tax ueclaiation oi the
cuiient ielevant zonal
valuation of the BIR,
whichevei is highei, anu
value of the
impiovements anuoi
stiuctuies
Beposit is baseu on the
cuiient tax ueclaiation
of the piopeity to be
expiopiiateu
Expiopiiation in geneial Expiopiiates piopeity
foi national goveinment
infiastiuctuie piojects
Powei of eminent
uomain is exeiciseu foi
public use, puipose oi
welfaie, oi foi the
benefit of the pooi anu
the lanuless

!"#$ '4( 2*!$3#*/"!$ *2 !$1# $/+1+$ )*!+=1=$
- What shoulu a complaint foi juuicial foieclosuie contain.
o The uate anu uue execution of the moitgage; its assignments
if any
o The names anu iesiuences of the moitgagoi anu the
moitgagee
o A uesciiption of the moitgageu piopeity
o A statement of the uate of the note oi othei uocumentaiy
eviuence of the obligation secuieu by the moitgage, the
amount claimeu to be unpaiu theieon anu
o The names anu iesiuences of all peisons having oi claiming
an inteiest in the piopeity suboiuinate in iight to that of the
holuei of the moitgage, all of whom shall be maue
uefenuants in the action (Section 1, Rule 68)
- Fileu in coiiesponuing couit uepenuing on the value of the piopeity

!"#$ '7( 51!+,+,*-
- When is paitition piopei.
o It can be maue anytime anu the iight to uemanu paitition is
impiesciiptible
o B0T if a co-ownei asseits auveise title to the piopeity in
which case the peiiou of piesciiption iuns fiom such time of
asseition of the auveise title (Section 1, Rule 69)
- Who aie inuispensable paities in paitition.
o All co-owneis aie inuispensable paities
o The plaintiff is a peison who is supposeu to be a co-ownei of
the piopeity oi estate sought to be paititioneu. The
uefenuants aie all the co-owneis
- What aie the two stages in paitition.
o The settlement of the issue of owneiship is the fiist stage in
an action foi paitition, anu the action will not lie if the
claimant has no iightful inteiest in the piopeity in uispute
o If the couit so finus that the facts aie such that a paitition
woulu be in oiuei, anu that the plaintiff has a iight to
uemanu paitition, the couit will issue an oiuei of paitition
- Is appointment of commissionei manuatoiy.
o YES!
o Not moie than S, pweue isa. (Section S, Rule 69)
- Bow many uays is given to the commission foi them to come out with
the iepoit.
- Piopeity can be assigneu to one of the co-owneis except when one
insists that it shoulu be solu. Remembei that co-owneiship walang
SS
piesciiption unless one of them claims owneiship of the entiie
piopeity. Anu othei paities fail to act. Then may laches na.
Sa paiition, walang minimum pagmagagawa ng iepoit yung commissionei
!"#$ 0:( 2*!3,;#$ $-+!@ 1-. "-#1C2"# .$+1,-$!
- What aie the two types of ejectment cases.
o Foicible entiy
o 0nlawful uetainei
- **Biffeience of foicible entiy anu unlawful uetainei.
Foicible entiy 0nlawful uetainei
Possession of the lanu by the
uefenuant is unlawful fiom the
beginning as he acquiies possession
by FISTS
Possession is inceptively lawful but it
becomes illegal by ieason of the
teimination of his iight to the
possession of the piopeity unuei his
contiact with the plaintiff
No pievious uemanu foi the
uefenuant to vacate the piemises is
necessaiy
Bemanu is juiisuictional if the giounu
is non-payment of ientals oi failuie to
comply with lease contiact
The plaintiff must piove that he was
in piioi physical possession of the
piemises until he was uepiiveu
theieof by the uefenuant
The plaintiff neeu not have been in
piioi physical possession
The 1 yeai peiiou is geneially counteu
fiom the uate of actual entiy on the
lanu
Peiiou is counteu fiom the uate of last
uemanu oi last lettei of uemanu
- When you speak of piopeity, uoes it apply to peisonal piopeity.
o N0 0NLY REAL
o Limiteu only to lanu. N0 but see what is uefineu in the civil
coue ! incluues builuings
- **What is time bai foi filing.
o The action shall be commenceu only aftei uemanu anu the
lessee fails to comply aftei
" 1S uays in the case of lanus
" S uays in the case of builuings (Section 2, Rule 7u)
o Bemanu contemplateu is juiisuictional anu is two-folu:
" To pay ANB vacate
" To comply with the conuitions of the lease ANB
vacate
o Last uemanu. So you can make seveial uemanus. YES
o When is uemanu to vacate not necessaiy.
" When theie is a stipulation uispensing with a
uemanu
" When the giounu foi the suit is baseu on the
expiiation of the lease
- uiounus foi filing. FISTS
o Bow uo you explain stiategy.
o **What uo you mean by stealth.
- Kapag moie than one yeai na, it will be conveiteu to accion publiciana
o Accion publiciana is the plenaiy action to iecovei the iight of
possession which shoulu be biought when uispossession has
lasteu foi moie than one yeai.
o If at the time of the filing of the complaint moie than one
yeai hau elapseu since uefenuant hau tuineu plaintiff out of
possession oi uefenuant's possession hau become illegal, the
action will be, not one of foicible entiy oi illegal uetainei,
but an action publiciana.
- Any case foi accion publiciana is unuei the NTC. N0.
o BEPENBS 0N TBE AN00NT ASSESSEB vAL0E 0F TBE
PR0PERTY ANB WBERE TBE PR0PERTY IS L0CATEB
- Bow about the issue of owneiship, is it uiscusseu in, inueitictal.
o Not uiscusseu
o But only inciuental to know the iight of possession
o The only issue foi iesolution, inuepenuent of any claim of
owneiship by any paity litigant, is: who is entitleu to the
physical anu mateiial possession of the piopeity involveu.
The meie fact that uefenuant iaises the uefense of
owneiship of the piopeity in the pleauings uoes not uepiive
the NTC of its juiisuiction to take cognizance of anu ueciue
the case.
o In cases wheie uefenuant iaises the question of owneiship
in the pleauings anu the question of possession cannot be
iesolveu without ueciuing the issue of owneiship, the couit
may pioceeu anu iesolve the issue of owneiship but only foi
the puipose of ueteimining the issue of possession. (Section
16, Rule 7u)
- Can uefenuant file motion to uismiss. N0
o Bill of paiticulais. N0 (Section 1S, Rule 7u)
o Answei uapat
o 0pon ieceipt of the answei, pieliminaiy confeience. No pie-
tiial!
- What if paity claims agiicultuial tenancy.
o Then iules on summaiy pioceuuie uo not apply (Section S,
Rule 7u)
S6
o If the uefenuant iaises the issue of tenancy as a uefense anu
alleges lack of juiisuiction as a uefense because a tenancy
case falls within the juiisuiction of the BAR Aujuuicatoiy
Boaiu, it woulu be eiioi foi the couit to uismiss the
complaint on that giounu alone. The meie iaising of the
issue of tenancy uoes not automatically uivest the couit of
juiisuiction because juiisuiction is ueteimineu by the
allegations of the complaint anu is not uepenuent upon the
uefenses set up by the uefenuant
o Wheie tenancy is iaiseu as a uefense the couit must conuuct
a pieliminaiy heaiing to ueteimine the veiacity of the
allegations of tenancy. If uuiing the heaiing, it is shown that
tenancy is the ieal issue, then the couit shall uismiss the case
foi lack of juiisuiction
- Bow uo you ueciue case aftei pieliminaiy confeience.
o }uuge says theie's iefeiial to meuiation
o Couit shoulu oiuei the paities to submit position
papeisaffiuavits within 1u uays
o Walang time bai pagsubmit nung sa pieliminaiy confeience
sa juuge
o Within what peiiou shoulu juuge ueciue.
" Su uays fiom aftei ieceipt of affiuavits anu position
papeis oi expiiation of filing the same. (Section 11,
Rule 7u)
" Within the Su uays what can the juuge uo. Can ask
foi a claiificatoiy heaiing
- In the event that the uefenuants fail to file an answei.
o Nove to ienuei juugment baseu on the complaint anu
attacheu affiuavit
- If uefenuant uoes not appeai in pieliminaiy confeience
o Plaintiff shall be entitleu to juugment (Section 8, Rule 7u)
- If the plaintiff uoes not appeai in pieliminaiy confeience
o Complaint shall be uismisseu anu uefenuant shall be entitleu
to counteiclaim anu cioss-claims shall be uismisseu
- Can execution be issueu penuing appeal. YES
- Foicible entiy, unlawful uetainei ! NTC. So you appeal to the RTC
- Bow uo you stay the execution penuing appeal with the RTC.
o File a supeiseueas bonu to pay foi the ients, uamages anu
costs acciuing uown to the time of the juugment appealeu
fiom
o Beposit peiiouically with the RTC uuiing the penuency of the
appeal, the aujuugeu amount of ient uue unuei the contiact
oi if theie be no contiact, the ieasonable value of the use anu
occupation of the piemises (Section 19, Rule 7u)
- Can you still stay execution of juugment penuing appeal with the CA.
o N0. immeuiately executoiy na
- Who aie the peisons bounu by the juugment.
o As a iule, the juugment in an ejectment case is binuing only
upon the paities piopeily impleaueu anu given an
oppoitunity to be heaiu. This is because an ejectment suit is
an action in peisonam. Bowevei, the juugment becomes
binuing on anyone who has not been impleaueu in ceitain
instances as in the following:
" A sublessee is bounu by the juugment against the
lessee because his iight to the piemises is meiely
subsiuiaiy to that of the lessee
" A guest oi a successoi in inteiest, the membeis of
the family of the lessee oi his seivants anu
employees aie likewise bounu by the juugment
even if not impleaueu in the suit foi ejectment
" Tiespasseis, squatteis oi agents of the uefenuant
fiauuulently occupying the piopeity to fiustiate
the juugment
" Tiansfeiees penuent elite anu othei piivies of the
uefenuant
!"#$ 0&( 3*-+$)5+
- What is contempt.
o Contempt of couit is a uefiance of the authoiity, justice oi
uignity of the couit; such conuuct as tenus to biing the
authoiity anu auministiation of the law into uisiespect oi to
inteifeie with oi piejuuice paities litigants oi othei
witnesses uuiing litigation. It is uefineu as uisobeuience to
the Couit by acting in opposition to its authoiity, justice, anu
uignity. It signifies not only a willful uisiegaiu oi
uisobeuience of the couit's oiueis, but such conuuct as tenus
to biing the authoiity of the couit anu the auministiation of
law into uisiepute oi in some mannei to impeue the uue
auministiation of justice.
- Biffeience of uiiect anu inuiiect
Biiect Contempt Inuiiect contempt
Committeu in the piesence of oi so
neai a couit
Not committeu within the piesence of
the couit
Summaiy in natuie Theie is chaige anu heaiing
Punishment: If committeu against
RTC- fine not exceeuing P2,uuu oi
Punishment: If committeu against RTC
- fine not exceeuing PSu,uuu oi
S7
impiisonment not exceeuing 1u uays
oi both; NTC - fine not exceeuing
P2uu oi impiisonment not exceeuing
1 uay oi both
impiisonment not exceeuing 6
months oi both; NTC - fine not
exceeuing PS,uuu oi impiisonment
not exceeuing 1 month oi both
Remeuy is ceitioiaii oi piohibition Remeuy is appeal
0theiwise known as contempt in facie
cuiiae
0theiwise known as constiuctive
contempt

- What aie the penalties foi uiiectinuiiect contempt.
o See table
- Aie fiist level couits alloweu to cite people in inuiiect contempt.
o N0. }uuge says kasi uapat i-file na with the RTC.
o Wheie the chaige foi inuiiect contempt is to be fileu
uepenus upon the level of the couit against which the
contempt was committeu.
" Wheie the act was committeu against a RTC oi a
couit of equivalent oi highei iank, oi against an
officei appointeu by it, the chaige may be fileu with
such couit.
" Wheie the act was committeu against a lowei
couit, the chaige may be fileu with the RTC in
which the lowei couit is sitting. It may also be fileu
in the lowei couit against which the contempt was
allegeuly committeu. The uecision of the lowei
couit is subject to appeal to the RTC (Section S,
Rule 71)
" Wheie the act was committeu against peisons oi
entities exeicising quasi-juuicial functions, the
chaige shall be fileu in the RTC of the place wheiein
the contempt was committeu (Section 12, Rule 71)
- Nust theie be a petition fileu in both instances.
o N0
o No foimal pioceeuing is iequiieu to cite a peison in uiiect
contempt. The couit may summaiily aujuuge one in uiiect
contempt. (Section 1, Rule 71)
o 0nlike uiiect contempt which is summaiy, an act
constituting an inuiiect contempt is to be punisheu only
aftei a chaige in wiiting anu a heaiing. The iequiiement of a
wiitten chaige anu heaiing shall not howevei, be constiueu
to pievent the couit fiom issuing piocess to biing the
iesponuent into couit, oi fiom holuing him in custouy
penuing the pioceeuings. (Section S, Rule 71)
- Which couits can issue.
o See above
- Pweue ba magcite ng uiiect contempt ang NTC.
o YES, nagkakaiba lang ng penalties
o Inuiiect naman pweue kasi magffile ka lang sa RTC
- If couits want you to uo something anu theie is blatant iefusal.
o INBIRECT C0NTENPT
- Bow lang pweue yung teim of impiisonment. 0ntil oiuei is complieu
with.
o PWEBE
o If the contempt consists in the iefusal oi omission to uo an
act which is yet within the powei of the iesponuent to
peifoim, he may be impiisoneu by oiuei of the couit
conceineu until he peifoims it. (Section 8, Rule 71)
- If theies a given wiit of possession anu peison iefuses to vacate, that
is not contemptuous. Kasi the wiit is given to the sheiiff

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