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Beetles

Papers celebrating the birthday of Igor Konstantinovich

CONTRIBUTIONS to SYSTEMATICS and BIOLOGY of

80th

LOPATIN
Edited by Alexander Konstantinov Alexey Tishechkin Lyubomir Penev

CONTRIBUTIONS TO SYSTEMATICS AND BIOLOGY OF BEETLES


Papers Celebrating the 80th Birthday of Igor Konstantinovich Lopatin
Edited by Alexander Konstantinov, Alexey Tishechkin, Lyubomir Penev

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Contributions to Systematics and Biology of Beetles

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Contributions to Systematics and Biology of Beetles


Papers Celebrating the 80th Birthday of Igor Konstantinovich Lopatin
Edited by Alexander Konstantinov, Alexey Tishechkin, Lyubomir Penev

Sofia-Moscow 2005

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Contributions to Systematics and Biology of Beetles CONTRIBUTIONS TO SYSTEMATICS AND BIOLOGY OF BEETLES Papers Celebrating the 80th Birthday of Igor Konstantinovich Lopatin Edited by Alexander Konstantinov Alexey Tishechkin Lyubomir Penev

Pensoft Series Faunistica No 43 ISSN 1312-0174 First published 2005 ISBN 954-642-233-9

Cover illustration Chrysochares constricticollis Lopatin, 1963 and design by Marie Metz (Systematic Entomology Laboratory, ARS, USDA).

PENSOFT Publishers All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner.

Pensoft Publishers pensoft@mbox.infotel.bg www.pensoft.net

Printed in Bulgaria, September 2005

Contents
Preface ................................................................................................................................................. viii Introduction - Igor Konstantinovich Lopatin ............................................................................... ix 1. Taxonomy and Biology of Chrysomelidae ................................................................................. 1 Chaetocnema conducta (Motschulsky) and its Kindred Species in the Afrotropical Region, with Description of C. lopatini, a New Species from Central Africa (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Alticinae) M. Biondi and P. DAlessandro .............................................................................................................. 3 Leaf Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) of the West and Southwest Facing Slopes in the Israeli Part of the Hermon Mountains V. Chikatunov and T. Pavlek ............................................................................................................. 17 Notes on the Genus Strumatophyma Baly with the Description of a New Species (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Chrysomelinae) M. Daccordi ........................................................................................................................................... 43 Contribution to the Knowledge of the Genus Aphthonoides Jacoby, 1885 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Alticinae) M. Doeberl ............................................................................................................................................. 53 A Relict Crucifer, Sisymbrium elatum C. Koch (Cruciferae), and Associated Phytophagous Beetles in Northeastern Turkey, with Redescription of Psylliodes pallidicornis Heikertinger V. I. Dorofeyev, B. A. Korotyaev, A. S. Konstantinov, and L. Gltekin .............................................. 81 The Chrysomelinae of Israel and Adjacent Areas (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) A. L. L. Friedman, I. K. Lopatin, V. I. Chikatunov and H. Ackerman ........................................... 89 Leaf Beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) of the Bulgarian Mountains B. A. Gruev ......................................................................................................................................... 111 The Flea Beetle Altica ignita Illiger in North America (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Alticini) L. LeSage and A. Zmudzinska .......................................................................................................... 125

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Contribution to the Knowledge of Chrysolina (Crositops) pedestris (Gebler, 1823) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae): Preimaginal Stages and Ecology Y. E. Mikhailov .................................................................................................................................. 143 First Report on Host Plants and Feeding Habits of the Leaf Beetle Acentroptera pulchella Gurin-Mneville (Chrysomelidae, Hispinae) A. Mantovani, N. Magalhes, M. L. Teixeira, G. Leito, C. L. Staines, and B. Resende ............... 153 The Electrophoretic Pattern of Esterases in Western Mediterranean Timarcha (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) E. Petitpierre ........................................................................................................................................ 159 Revision of Panilurus Jacoby (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) K. D. Prathapan and C. A. Viraktamath .......................................................................................... 167 Two New Species of the Genus Hesperella Medvedev from S. E. Asia (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) H. Takizawa ....................................................................................................................................... 179 Geographical Distribution Details of Species Belonging to the Cryptocephalus hypochaeridis Group in the Carpathian Basin (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephalinae) K. Vig .................................................................................................................................................. 185 2. Taxonomy and Biology of other Coleopterous Insects ..................................................... 197 New Sinozolus Species from China (Coleoptera, Carabidae) I. A. Belousov and I. I. Kabak ............................................................................................................ 199 Spatial Distribution of Carabid and Staphylinid Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae, Staphylinidae) in a Forest Plantation Mosaic in Belarus A. Derunkov ........................................................................................................................................ 219 A New Species of Miltapion (Apionidae: Apioninae: Ixapiini) from Namibia A. L. L. Friedman and A. Freidberg .................................................................................................. 239 A New Species of the Dung Beetle Genus Namakwanus (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) from Namibia A.V. Frolov ......................................................................................................................................... 245 A New Species of Sphenoptera Solier (Coleoptera, Buprestidae) from China M. Yu. Kalashian ................................................................................................................................. 249

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New Species of Aphanisticus Latreille from India and Indonesia (Coleoptera, Buprestidae) M. Yu. Kalashian ................................................................................................................................. 253 On the Ophoniscus-complex of the Selenophori Genus-group (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Harpalini) B. Kataev .............................................................................................................................................. 261 Two New Species of the Weevil Genus Polydrusus Germar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae) from Southern Iran J. E. Meleshko and B. A. Korotyaev ................................................................................................... 289 On Connections of the Sand Desert Faunas of Tenebrionidae (Coleoptera) of Middle Asia, Iran, and Afghanistan G. S. Medvedev .................................................................................................................................... 299 A Checklist of Haliplidae, Noteridae, Dytiscidae, Gyrinidae, Hydraenidae, Helophoridae, Georissidae, Hydrochidae, Spercheidae, Hydrophilidae, Elmidae, Dryopidae & Limnichidae (Coleoptera) of Belarusian Fauna S. K. Ryndevich .................................................................................................................................... 315 New Records of Some Species of Diving Water Beetles (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) from the Palearctic and Nearctic Regions H. V. Shaverdo .................................................................................................................................... 327 Checklist of Cucujoidea (Coleoptera) of Belarus (Eastern Europe) V. A. Tsinkevich ................................................................................................................................. 333 Descriptions of New Taxa of the Palearctic Saprininae (Coleoptera: Histeridae) A. K. Tishechkin ................................................................................................................................. 347 Acmaeodera (Acmaeodera) lopatini sp. n. New Species of Buprestidae (Coleoptera) from Kyrgyzstan M. G. Volkovitsh ................................................................................................................................ 357 3. List of taxa described by I. K. Lopatin ................................................................................... 365 4. Bibliography of I. K. Lopatin ..................................................................................................... 375

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Preface
The idea to produce a collection of papers in honor of I. K. Lopatin was conceived during a collecting trip to the Great Smoky Mountains National Park in June of 2003. On November 13 of that year Igor Konstantinovich celebrated his 80th birthday. In post Soviet society that is an achievement by itself, however, the life of Igor Konstantinovich is full of achievements. Lopatin conducted unprecedented biological explorations in Central Asia, discovered and described hundreds of new leaf beetle taxa (his favorite group) and made leaf beetle fauna of remote Middle Asia one of the best known in the World. He authored more than 240 scientific publications and textbooks on subjects as diverse as zoogeography, zoology of invertebrates, natural history, taxonomy, ecology, and faunistics. For nearly 50 years Lopatin taught (and still teaches) at universities, first in Dushanbe (Tadjikistan) and later in Minsk (Belarus). He trained hundreds of students and during his professional life was (and still is) an inspiration, a teacher and a mentor for scores of young and not so young taxonomists. With his inspiration, encouragement, guidance and influence, schools of insect taxonomists appeared both in Dushanbe and Minsk, and that is one of his most valuable achievements. In contemplating this Festschrift we invited contributions from Lopatins students and coleopterist friends, and colleagues in leaf beetle taxonomy. We feel that the assembled contributions reflect Lopatins intellectual breadth and diverse scientific interests and we thank the contributors for their efforts in trying to adhere to editorial guidelines and schedules. Some contributions dwell on Lopatins interest in biogeography of arid areas of the Palearctic Region. They describe zoogeographic connections between the sand desert faunas of Middle Asia, Iran, and Afghanistan; leaf beetle fauna of the Hermon Mountains in Israel; details of geographic distribution of crytocephaline leaf beetles in the Carpathian Basin; and entire chrysomelid fauna of Bulgarian mountains. Other contributions reflect Lopatins interest in host plant relationships: discovery of a rare crucifer in Turkey being eaten by an even rarer flea beetle and report on host plants of Neotropical hispine leaf beetle. Some contributions are revisions and keys for identification of important groups of leaf beetles, carabids, buprestids and tenebrionids. Some are checklists, faunistic notes, ecological studies, and many contain descriptions of new taxa in many beetle families. We thank Donald R. Davis, Catherine N. Duckett, Terry L. Erwin, Jesus Gomez-Zurita, Steven W. Lingafelter, Charyn J. Micheli, Gary L. Miller, K. D. Prathapan, Helen V. Shaverdo, S. Adam lipiski, Eric H. Smith, Charles L. Staines, Charles A. Triplehorn, Norman E. Woodley, and Robert E. Woodruff for their help in reviewing contributions. Marie Metz created the cover illustration and concept. Mark Volkovitch, Juliett Meleshko and Alexander Pisanenko provided photographs of I. K. Lopatin. A. S. Konstantinov A. K. Tishechkin L. Penev

Introduction
IGOR KONSTANTINOVICH LOPATIN A SHORT BIOGRAPHY Igor Konstantinovich Lopatin was born on November 13, 1923 in Poltava (Ukraine). From his early childhood he became interested in natural history. By the age of 12 he had his first insect collection. While in school, Lopatin was briefly introduced to D. A. Ogloblin, one of the most prominent leaf beetle systematist of the first half of the 20th century, who, at the time worked in Poltava at the Museum of Nature. Lopatin graduated from Kharkov University in 1946 specializing in Zoology. His masters thesis was on host plants of leaf beetles. Lopatins mentor in the Division of Zoology was S. I. Medvedev, one of the most important systematic entomologists of his time who specialized in scarab taxonomy. Medvedev was also an inspiring teacher, brilliant lecturer and a highly educated biologist who made a great impression on a young researcher. Medvedev and Lopatin remained friends until Medvedevs death in 1979. They published a paper on Middle Asian scarabs together. Soon after graduation, Lopatin began to work at the nature reserve Askania-Nova. The reserve was, and still is, a classic place for studies of the steppe environment. For four years Lopatin collected and studied leaf beetles of the steppe regions north of the Black Sea including the fauna of Askania-Nova, and in 1950 defended his kandidat (PhD) dissertation entitled Ecological and faunistic characterization of leaf beetles of southern Trans-Dniepr region. Since this early exposure to arid environment and its fauna, it became Lopatins favorite, which he has studied for more than 50 years. Interest in arid biota eventually led him to Tadjikistan where he spent 17 years studying arid mountains of Middle Asia. However, before that, he worked for four years (between 1949 and 1953) at the Odessa University, first at the Zoological Museum, and later at the Division of Zoology. At the time, the Division of Zoology was

I. K. Lopatin, collecting, Petr I mountain range (Tadzhikistan), 1954

Contributions to Systematics and Biology of Beetles

headed by I. I. Puzanov, one of the most prominent Russian zoogeographers. Hence Lopatins second favorite subject zoogeography. In 1953 Lopatin moved to Tadjikistan and begun working at the Division of Zoology at Tadjik State University in Dushanbe. He taught invertebrate zoology, entomology, zoogeography and animal ecology. Tadjikistan is a remote and unique place with a great variety of habitats from sand deserts and river valleys to alpine meadows with mountains stretching up to almost 8,000 meters. It is situated in the center of Middle Asia and borders with Afghanistan and China. The Tadjik insect fauna was practically unknown at that time, only a few collectors [E. Eversmann (1820), A. Semenov (1857), G. Karelin (1840), D. Glasunow (1892), L. Berg (1905) and some others] were able to briefly sample its insect diversity in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Therefore it is not surprising that soon after his arrival, Lopatin begun extensive collecting efforts in Tadjikistan and neighboring Middle Asian countries. He collected every season and organized and led 12 large expeditions. Most significant are: 1963 northern slopes of Turkestan mountain ridge and high altitudes at the intersection of Alai, Zeravshan and Turkestan mountain ridges; 1964 western Pamir (Badahshan); 1965 Fergana valley, western and eastern Pamir; 1966 western piedmont of Turkestan and Zeravshan mountain ridges; 1967 northern Tadjikistan and southern Kyrgyzstan; 1968 Kara-Kum desert, Karabil and Kugitang mountains; 1969 Kuramin mountain ridge.

Lopatin in the collection of National Museum of Natural History, Washington DC, January 1995

I. K. Lopatin collecting in Israel, May 1999

G. S. Medvedev and I. K. Lopatin in beetle office, Zoological Institute, St. Petersburg, 2003 (Photo M. G. Volkovisth)

Many students and researches from many parts of the former USSR took part in these expeditions. Among them are V. Chikatunov, V. Mihailov, G. Medvedev, late A. Danilevsky, V. Dolin, E. Gureva, S. Iablokoff-Khnzorian, and O. Kryzhanovky, and many others. These expeditions rediscovered the insect fauna of Middle Asia. Vast materials, not only on leaf beetles, but on insects of many orders, were collected during these expeditions. Most of them are deposited in the collection of the Zoological Institute in St. Petersburg. Thousands of new species and many new genera were discovered during these expeditions. Lopatin summarized the results on leaf beetles of Middle Asia in his doctoral dissertation, which he defended in St. Petersburg (formerly Leningrad) in 1965. Later, he expanded them and published the monograph Leaf beetles of Middle Asia and Kazakstan (1977) which was later translated and published (1984) in English. Since 1964, Lopatin headed broad ecological and faunistic studies of beetle communities at high altitude mountains. These studies lasted for 20 years and resulted in many papers which greatly enhanced our understanding of structure and function of high altitude ecosystems. Lopatin continued field work in Middle Asia until 1988. He also continued to guide PhD students at the Division of Zoology in Dushanbe. Among them V. Chikatunov (Israel), V. Mihailov (Ukraine), E. Andreeva-Prushinska (Poland), A. Kadyrov (Tadjikistan), N. Vincler (Australia), and M. Pripisnova (Russia). In 1970 Lopatin moved to Minsk and begun to work at the Division of Zoology at the Belorussian State University. For 25 years he headed the Division. Now he is a professor and

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teaches invertebrate zoology, entomology and zoogeography. Since 1971, Lopatin served as a president of the Entomological Society of Belarus. He is a honorary member of Russian Entomological Society. In 1990 he was awarded a medal for Excellenti in Societie Entomofaunistica. Among his other awards are membership of Peter Academy of Science and Arts and title of Laureat Gosudarstvennoi Premii [ = State award for important contribution to science, arts and technology, the top award for a scientist in the USSR]. Over his long career he published four textbooks for university students and more than 240 scientific papers and monographs (see list of Lopatin publications in this volume). He described eight new genera and more than 700 new species (see list of new taxa described by Lopatin in this volume) of mostly Chrysomelidae. These days Igor Konstantinovich is studying leaf beetles of China and participates eagerly in investigation of leaf beetles of Israel with his former student V. Chikatunov. V. Chikatunov A. Konstantinov

Introduction WORDS ABOUT THE MENTOR MINSK PERSPECTIVE

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Writing about your Mentor who also happens to be your long-term colleague and senior friend is an easy and difficult task. You have strong and clear positive feelings about the person, which have been crystallized inside you over a long period of time. However, when you actually begin writing, all clarity and simplicity seem to evaporate somewhere and writing is mostly a struggle tainted by emotion. One way or another, we are presenting these words of appreciation and admiration of Igor Konstantinovich Lopatin, knowing that they are shared by his numerous students, friends and colleagues. This essay was ultimately shaped by our impressions and feelings as Lopatins students and young fellow coleopterists, at or around Byelorussian State University, Minsk, in the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic of the USSR from the late 1970s to mid 1980s. Taking IKs classes, studying and doing research under his formal and informal guidance and just being able to communicate regularly with him were fundamental experiences of our young lives as well as was the atmosphere of the late Soviet times. As with almost every Belarusian biologist of middle and younger generations, our first meeting with IK goes back to the first week at the Department of Biology, whenever it happened to be since 1970. His Invertebrate Zoology was and still is an obligatory course for every first-year student, regardless of actual or thought specialization. And since this first week at the Department in a mind of almost any given student, IK stood and kept standing for years as one of the most popular and respected professors. Lopatin was unanimously popular because he was Outstanding. The Soviet system of scientific research and higher education had two characteristic features: concentration of research in the system of Science Academies, not universities, and concentration of the best of science and teaching in Moscow and St. Petersburg (Leningrad then) and a very few smaller research centers around these cities and in Siberia. Regular local universities including the university in Minsk were supposed to train teachers, engineers, physicians and researchers for local needs. Faculty there was valued primarily as good teachers and mentors for new generations of those professionals. All Great, all-Union and international level science and its troops, personalities and characters were supposed to be in the capitals. IK was misplaced in this respect. Lopatin was one of two clearly outstanding professors at the Department. The other was Prof. Yuri Fomichev, a microbiologist who spent some time at the University of Edinburgh, UK. This fact was and exceptional occasion for a professor in a local Soviet university, and he gave us a bit of taste to the Western science and professorship: with the first-hand experience of modern research in a sophisticated field, reference to a multitude of sources and names all over the globe, not just traditional classics, many of which were supposed to be Soviet and Russian, outspoken, critical and relaxed attitude. IK was different. He was outstanding by being basically traditional, but not a traditional type of professor of the Imperial Science Academy in St. Petersburg, with a waist-long beard, delicate spectacles, loud voice and iron-solid opinions. He was an icon for a professor in students eyes. Everything began to build from the appearance. He wore suits and ties every day as professors were supposed to do, but always there were some details in his clothing turning formality into elegance. His six feet tall straight figure, deep tan, obvious years after he left Tadjikistan and ceased long-term field work in Middle Asia, and deep touch of gray on always nicely cut hair completed the appearance. However, you mostly ceased paying attention to that when he began to teach. Fluent, clear, concise and bright speech, endless knowledge of the subject with regular improvisations and numerous examples, personalities,

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stories thrown in here and there so that audience always got a fresh feeling, even if hearing some stories not for the first time. There was no shortage of students going to specialize in zoology because IK was the face of the discipline. Minority of hard-core dedicated future zoologists found him to be a personification of their right cause. Numerous undecided students were just caught by his personality and were deciding to join his Division. In our eyes Lopatin was representative of higher civilization nearly exterminated in this part of the globe by years of revolution, civil war, Stalins repressions and the Second World War. He was called Professor and Chef (by Zoology Division students) behind his back, both words from capitals and mostly with admiration. The first nickname was special since all but full, well-established professors in the Soviet university system were not termed professors at all, and he was The Professor among a few departmental professors. The second name was in its strict bossy French sense, without any hint to cooking, which is dominant in English usage of the word. Another outstanding thing about IK for zoology students was he was living proof of all the great excitement natural history and field biology bring to the life of a dedicated person. On a daily basis, you were able to communicate with a person who describes new species every year (can you imagine that?!), who even wrote thick books full of those descriptions, who traveled thousands of kilometers across Middle Asian mountain ranges and deserts (and still does), saw with his own eyes many of these nature wonders from handbooks, who knows almost all beetle experts in the World, and communicates with many of them regularly, and receives weekly these exotic looking envelopes and parcels with wonderful glossy reprints and little beetles coming from almost all over the planet If one thinks now about the expanses of the lands one-sixth available for us to explore then (USSRs share of the land surface) and practical inaccessibility of the rest of the World due to the Iron Curtain, it is easy to understand why we compared desirable exotic lands outside east European temperate forest to India of conquistadors or planets like Moon or Mars. And IK himself sometimes was perceived as something like a first conquistador to Maya. IK seemed to understand what is going on inside our young souls and wishfully and consistently worked to help us to achieve our natural history dreams and goals. Aside from the classroom, almost any time anybody with an obvious interest and enthusiasm was welcome to approach IK and talk about field trips, collecting methods and tricks, museums, nomenclature, expedition destinations, local customs, weather and contacts. Often such talks lasted much longer than anybody involved anticipated, and in the end you sometimes left without learning your particular point of interest, but tons of apparently unrelated things instead, still perfectly satisfied and excited. Any strong enthusiastic move in natural history endeavors got his full support. The following personal 25-year old case exemplifies this trend. At some point, an M.S. project of a Zoology Division student happened to get suspended. Despite a great deal of initial enthusiasm about a departmental project to survey the biota of a nice large forest reserve not far from Minsk, he suddenly changed his mind and decided to use a chain of coincidences and opportunities and join a long-term expedition of one of the leading nature conservation research institutions in Moscow heading to western Arctic Siberia. Just go to the Far North to work on something that will be out there. His adviser was opposed for good reasons: unpredictability of Arctic nature, which could prevent collecting enough material for the project in a single season, and a cause to keep good hands working on the departmental project. The situation was in standstill and eventually went to IK for a final decision. He calmly

Introduction

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listened to the story from a student, who was trembling inside and possibly not only inside, and then asked: So, you want to go there? The answer was just yes. I wish Id be able to go. But you know where and when Id go? Middle Asia in May. Do you know what its like, fields of flowering tulips and other things? No, I never been there, but I briefly saw the Arctics in summer So, you should definitely go. The following four-month long expedition was an eye-opening for a student, and it turned around and shaped the rest of his life. Since IKs passions were systematics of leaf beetles and Middle Asian mountains and they were contagious, as soon as he began working in Minsk, a group of beetle enthusiasts, often going to collect south, started to shape and expand. The gene of systematic insect collecting, quite widespread in Europe, but mostly silent in its eastern parts then, was activated again and again in its coleopterous domain in students at the Division via some mediator from IK. The typical way was to express interest in one of the popular flashy groups (everybody was Carabusand/or cerambycid-sick, at least for a while), get a focal taxon for a study with or without IKs advice, immerse yourself in it within the Belarusian fauna and then Well, either jump into the beetle systematics for life, or defend your thesis, find yourself a job and still keep this feeling of being a Coleopterist. IK considered reproduction of former scenario as his major task and work enthusiastically in that direction. One of the major goals in this way was to help us dispense with the traditional local approach. Since systematics is global in nature, Soviet systematists should be at least Palearctic-wide in their scope. From one side, territories of the old Russia and USSR were major cores of the Palearctic Region, from the other the closeness of the Soviet society was seen then as a solid and long-term reality. IK himself always stressed his Palearctic affinities and never claimed being a World authority on cryptocephalines, being able to live with existing limitations and even to make fun of them. In the beginning of his Zoogeography class, he regularly said he is not fully qualified to teach it, since a zoogeography instructor is personally supposed to experience a tropical rainforest, which he has not. Then he followed the remark with a mischievious sigh that we should go ahead with the instructor available, this was followed with a burst of laughter from the students, and the class went on. Unforgettable were visits to IKs apartment. He mostly worked with beetles at home and kept his personal collection and library there. Beetle studies often moved there from the laboratory (room # 801 on the eight floor of the old Biology Department building near the main train station) which he and his students shared until the Department was moved to Minsk environs (where a couple rooms on the sixth floor were used by beetle people). If you are going for a collecting trip and need last minute advice, a contact or a letter of recommendation or if you are back from the field and would like to show a catch, you are invited. Students fortunate to study leaf beetles were always welcome to work with IKs collection and it was one of the Wrolds wonders hundreds of wooden boxes full of meticulously mounted and labeled specimens collected by IK in his travels and received in exchange from colleagues all over the Palearctic. Any of IK experience as a practicing systematist was available to his students and was a help for a newcomer to get into the collection of Zoological Institute in St. Petersburg. It was one of two holy places for zoological systematists in the USSR and definitely the holiest one for entomologists. IK got his doctoral degree there, knew everybody in the Insect Systematics Lab, served as an opponent (= in-depth reviewer) for most of its scientific staff members and was unanimously and highly respected there. His word, reference to his name was enough to open doors of this beetle temple and get friendly guidance and advice from its priests. Each of us has

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our own story in ZIN, how everybody calls the Institute after its Russian abbreviated name, our own discoveries, collaborations and friendships, but the label IKs [ex]-student stays with you in minds of its staff members for years and decades. The process of inspiring and training systematic zoologists, coleopterists in particular, by IK has been and still is reproduced again and again. Neophytes step forward, students defend theses and dissertations, old graduates come back to town for a visit or from collecting trips. Talks are presented, news is exchanged, specimens are collected and shared. Time has changed, many of IKs students went really global, and now some of us have earned a right to teach zoogeography according to his definition. The table of contents in this volume can tell something about the state and spread what we would like to call Lopatins school of Belarusian coleopterology. His move to Minsk 35 years ago had a profound effect on the countrys biological science. His tireless, enthusiastic work shaped generations of Belarusian zoologists and brought a wide and steady respect to the systematics into a local scientific community. But most importantly, he taught us that collecting and studying beetles, small and big, bright and dull, is a noble thing to do. And we still believe in that, looking at inevitable obstacles, problems, misunderstandings and disappointments as unfortunate by-products of the most wonderful endeavor on Earth. Thank you, Professor. A. K. Tishechkin A. S. Konstantinov

Chaetocnema conducta (Motschulsky) and its Kindred Species in the Afrotropical Region

Part 1. Taxonomy and Biology of Chrysomelidae

Maurizio Biondi and Paola DAlessandro

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PENSOFT Publishers Chaetocnema conducta Sofia Moscow

Konstantinov, Tishechkin, Penev (eds.) 2005 (Motschulsky) and its Kindred Species Contributions in the Afrotropical Region 3 to Systematics and Biology of Beetles Papers Celebrating the 80th Birthday of Igor Konstantinovich Lopatin, pp. 3-16

Chaetocnema conducta (Motschulsky) and its Kindred Species in the Afrotropical Region, with Description of C. lopatini, a New Species from Central Africa (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Alticinae)*
Maurizio Biondi and Paola DAlessandro
Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, University of LAquila, 67010 Coppito-LAquila, Italy, biondi@univaq.it

ABSTRACT
In this paper, a small group of species related to Chaetocnema conducta (Motschulsky, 1838) and occurring in the Afrotropical Region, is analyzed. In addition to C. conducta, in this group the following four species are included: Chaetocnema cinctipennis Laboissire, 1941; Chaetocnema lopatini sp. n.; Chaetocnema rutovuensis Bechyn, 1955 and Chaetocnema suturalis Bryant, 1948. A key to all the species is presented. Line drawings of male and female genitalia and scanning electron micrographs of particular morphological aspects of the species considered are included. Brief ecological and zoogeographical data are also given. Finally, a morphometric analysis carried out on males and females of C. conducta and C. suturalis is reported.

KEY WORDS
Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Alticinae, Chaetocnema, Afrotropical Region, new species.

INTRODUCTION Chaetocnema Stephens, 1831 is a flea beetle genus widespread in all zoogeographical regions. It consists of over 300 described species, of which at least 83 occur in the Palaearctic Region (Gruev & Dberl 1997), 59 in the Nearctic Region (White 1996), 80 in the Neotropical Region (Scherer 1983) and an undetermined number of species in the Oriental and Australian Regions. Afrotropical Region presently includes about 100 Chaetocnema species (Biondi 2002), but many new taxa remain undescribed (Biondi unpubl. data). Chaetocnema species are often associated with moist environments feeding on plants from many families, particularly the Chenopodiaceae, Polygonaceae, Cyperaceae, Graminae (Jolivet & Hawkeswood 1995). A small group of species related to Chaetocnema conducta (Motschulsky, 1838), occurring in the sub-Saharan Africa, is analyzed here. This group includes five species, of which one is new to
This paper was supported by grant from Ministero dellIstruzione, dellUniversit e della Ricerca (PRIN 2004057217 Zoogeography of Mediterranean-southern African disjunct distributions by a multimethod approach)
*

Maurizio Biondi and Paola DAlessandro

science, characterized by bicolored elytra, a similar habitus and similar shape of genitalia. In addition to C. conducta, widespread also in the Palaearctic Region, the other species here considered, all endemic of the Afrotropical Region, are: Chaetocnema cinctipennis Laboissire, 1941; Chaetocnema lopatini sp. n.; Chaetocnema rutovuensis Bechyn, 1955 and Chaetocnema suturalis Bryant, 1948. MATERIAL AND METHODS Material examined consists of preserved dry insects provided to us by courtesy of the following institutions: BAQ: collection of M. Biondi, Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, University of LAquila, Italy; BMNH: The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom; CNC: Canadian National Collections of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Ottawa, Canada; MRAC: Muse Royal de lAfrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgium; MZLU: Lund University, Sweden; NHMB: Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel, Switzerland; SANC: South African National Collection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Pretoria, Gauteng, Republic of South Africa; TMSA: Transvaal Museum, Pretoria, Gauteng, Republic of South Africa; ZMHB: Museum fr Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universitt, Berlin, Germany. Specimens were examined using WILD MZ8 and MZ12.5 binocular microscopes. Scanning electron micrographs were taken by a PHILIPS SEM XL30 CP. Habitus photos were taken using a Digital Video Camera Panasonic NV-GS5 and processed using CombineZ ver. 4.1 by Alan Hadley (2003) and Photoshop ver. 7.0 by Adobe System Inc. (2002) softwares. Statistical analyses were performed using Statistica software ver. 6.0. by StatSoft Inc. (2001). Geographical coordinates enclosed in square parentheses, have been added by the authors using the World Atlas Encarta 2001 by Microsoft Corp. Abbreviations used in the text are: LAED: length of median lobe of aedeagus; LAN: length of antennae; LB: total length of body; LE: length of elytra; LP: length of pronotum; LSP: length of spermatheca; WE: width of elytra; WP: width of pronotum. LIST OF SPECIES (IN ALPHABETIC ORDER) Chaetocnema cinctipennis Laboissire (Figs 1, 6, 11, 16, 21) Chaetocnema cinctipennis Laboissire, 1941: 320-321; Biondi 2002: 269 MATERIAL EXAMINED. DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: Kisantu [5.07S 15.05E], 9.ii.1914, R. Mayn leg., holotype (MRAC). REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA: KwazuluNatal, Rosetta, 29.18S 28.58E, 15.xi.1981, I.M. Millar leg., 2 specimens (SANC); Kwazulu-Natal, Coleford Nature Reserve, 29.57S 29.27E, 16.xi.1981, S.J. van Tonder & C. Kok leg., 2 specimens (SANC); ditto, I.M. Millar leg., 1 specimen (SANC); Eastern Province, Katberg [32.29S 26.45E], 4000 ft, 1-15.i.1933, R.E. Turner leg., 1 specimen (SANC). GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. Democratic Republic of Congo and Republic of South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal) (Fig. 21). MORPHOLOGICAL REMARKS. (n = 1): LB = 2.65 mm; LAN = 1.57 mm; LP = 0.67 mm; WP = 1.17 mm; LE = 1.92 mm; WE = 1.35 mm; LAED = 1.00 mm; LAN/LB = 0.59; WP/LP = 1.74; LE/LP = 2.85; LE/LAED = 1.92. (n = 6; mean and standard deviation): LB = 2.71 0.24 mm; LAN = 1.44 0.11 mm; LP = 0.65 0.06 mm; WP = 1.17 0.09 mm; LE = 2.00 0.21 mm; WE = 1.41 0.16 mm; LSP = 0.29 0.01 mm; LAN/LB = 0.53 0.01; WP/LP = 1.81 0.04; LE/LP = 3.08 0.05; LE/LSP = 6.83 0.66. Median lobe of aedeagus (Fig. 6) elongate, with smooth surface; in ventral view slightly tapered from base to apical sixth; apically subrounded, not acute, without small median tooth; ventral sulcus

Chaetocnema conducta (Motschulsky) and its Kindred Species in the Afrotropical Region

wide and clearly impressed in apical third; dorsal sulcus wide; dorsal ligula subtriangular in distal half, apically very acute; in lateral view, median lobe slender, weakly curved, clearly sinuous in apical part. Spermatheca (Fig. 11) with basal part subglobose; ductus clearly elongate generally at least with 2 coils. ECOLOGICAL NOTES. No ecological information is available for this species. Chaetocnema conducta (Motschulsky) (Figs 2, 7, 15, 18, 21-23) Haltica conducta Motschulsky, 1838: 180 Chaetocnema conducta (Motschulsky): Laboissire 1942: 82; Bechyn 1960: 22; Scherer 1962: 40; Biondi 2002: 269 Chaetocnema conducta conducta (Motschulsky): Scherer 1963: 678-679; Scherer 1972: 14 MATERIAL EXAMINED. ETHIOPIA: Gafarsa [8.43N 38.04E], 8000 ft, 1 specimen, S.M. Clark leg., 26.i.1962 (CNC); Shoa Province, Let Marefya [9.37N 39.44E], V. Ragazzi leg., viii.1887, 2 specimens

LB = 2.85 mm

LB = 1.82 mm

LB = 2.15 mm

Figs. 1-5. Habitus of Chaetocnema species. 1. C. cinctipennis (Laboissire); 2. C. conducta (Motschulsky); 3. C. lopatini sp.n.; 4. C. rutovuensis Bechyn; 5. C. suturalis Bryant.

LB = 2.27 mm

LB = 1.93 mm

Maurizio Biondi and Paola DAlessandro

(MRAC); Gojam Province, Mt. Choke [11.10N 39.53E], 3200-3500 m, 15/18.xii.1972, R.O.S. Clarke leg., 1 specimen (MRAC); Shoa Province, Ambo [11.16N 39.35E], 20.i.1975, R.O.S. Clarke leg., 1 specimen (MRAC); ditto, 16.x.1990, L. Medvedev leg., 1 specimen (BAQ); Adigrat [14.17N 39.27E], 31.v.1963, R. Linnavuori (NHMB). BOTSWANA: Sitatunga-Camp, 7-8.iii.1993, 22.04S 23.21E, 2 specimens (ZMHB). REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA: Northern Province, between, Rankins Pass & Vaalwater, 24.23S 27.54E, 14.i.1991, V.M. Uys leg., 1 specimen (SANC); Mpumalanga, 10 km S Carolina on Chrissiesmeer Road, 26.09S 30.09E, 19.i.1989, B. Grobbelaar leg., 1 specimen (SANC); Free State, Sandveld Nature Reserve, 27.40S 25.45E, 24-25.ii.1993, M. Stiller leg., 4 specimens (SANC); Free State, Adullam Farm near Clarens, 28.32S 28.28E, 20-26.ii.1980, W.A. Harrop leg., 1 specimen (SANC); Eastern Cape Province, Cradock, 32.10S 25.37E, 7.ii.1990, M. Jonsson leg., 1 specimen (SANC); Eastern Cape Province, between Cradock & Mountane Zebra National Park, 32.11S 25.27E, 6.ii.1990, V.M. Uys leg., 12 specimens (SANC); Eastern Cape Province, between Swaarshoek & Moun6 7

10

Figs. 6-10. Head and pronotum of Chaetocnema species. 6. C. cinctipennis Laboissire; 7. C. conducta (Motschulsky); 8. C. lopatini sp.n.; 9. C. rutovuensis Bechyn; 10. C. suturalis Bryant.

Chaetocnema conducta (Motschulsky) and its Kindred Species in the Afrotropical Region

tane Zebra National Park, 32.18S 25.30E, 6.ii.1990, M. Jonsson leg., 22 specimens (SANC); Western Cape Province, Little Karroo, Raubenheimer Dam, 33.25S 22.19E, 21.x.1993, E-Y: 2887, sifted shore debris, S. Endrdy-Younga leg., 1 specimen (TMSA); Western Cape Province, De Hoop Nature Reserve, 17.x1993, 34.27S 20.24E, M. Uhlig leg., 1 specimen (ZMHB); Western Cape Province, 10 km S Bredasdorp, 34.37S 20.03E, 12.x.1994, R. Danielsson leg., 7 specimens (MZLU). OTHER LOCALITIES FROM LITERATURE. ETHIOPIA: Abyssinia [7.54N 39.15E], Vallis Erer (Scherer 1963); ditto, Walamo, iii.1912 (Scherer 1963). DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: Parc National Albert [Parc National des Virunga], Tschengelero, prs Munagana [0.57S 29.16E], 1750 m, 21.viii.1934 (Laboissire 1942); Parc National de la Garamba (Scherer 1962, 1963). DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO-ZAMBIA: Musosa [8.22S 29.37E], x.1939 (Bechyn 1960). GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. Mediterranean region and Central Asia. In the Afrotropical region, this species is known from Ethiopia, Democratic Republic of Congo, Tanzania, Botswana and South Africa (Northern Province, Mpumalanga, Free State, Western Cape Province) (Fig. 21). MORPHOLOGICAL REMARKS. - (n = 10; mean and standard deviation): LB = 1.82 0.18 mm; LAN = 1.15 0.11 mm; LP = 0.42 0.03 mm; WP = 0.79 0.06 mm; LE = 1.34 0.11 mm; WE = 1.01 0.09 mm; LAED = 0.68 0.05 mm; LAN/LB = 0.63 0.02; WP/LP = 1.88 0.04; LE/LP = 3.19 0.11; LE/LAED = 1.95 0.07. (n = 10): LB = 1.97 0.09 mm; LAN = 1.10 0.06 mm; LP = 0.44 0.03 mm; WP = 0.82 0.05 mm; LE = 1.45 0.07 mm; WE = 1.07 0.06 mm; LSP = 0.24 0.02 mm; LAN/LB = 0.56 0.02; WP/LP = 1.87 0.07; LE/LP = 3.33 0.12; LE/LSP = 5.96 0.36.

11
0.5 mm

12

13

Figs. 11-15. Median lobe of aedeagus of Chaetocnema species in lateral, ventral and dorsal view: 11. C. cinctipennis Laboissire; 12. C. rutovuensis Bechyn; 13. C. lopatini sp. n.; 14. C. suturalis Bryant; 15. C. conducta (Motschulsky).

14

15

Maurizio Biondi and Paola DAlessandro

Median lobe of aedeagus (Fig. 15) slightly elongate, with smooth surface; in ventral view tapered from apical third to base; distal part subtriangular; apically acute, without small median tooth; ventral sulcus clearly impressed in distal half; dorsal sulcus wide; dorsal ligula elongate, apically acute; in lateral view, median lobe almost straight in basal 2/3, apically sinuous. Spermatheca (Fig. 18) with basal part moderately elongate, basally wider; ductus slightly elongate with 1 coil. ECOLOGICAL NOTES. In the Palearctic region, this species is associated with Graminae, Juncaceae and Cyperaceae. No ecological information is available for C. conducta in the Afrotropical region, but it lives very probably in this area on the same plants. COMMENTS. The Afrotropical specimens of C. conducta show generally the elytral suture more widely blackened than the Palaearctic specimens. Chaetocnema lopatini new species (Figs 3, 8, 13, 20-21) TYPE MATERIAL. Holotype , DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: Katanga, Niembo Kalembe-Lembe [8.04S 26.39E], vii.1918, R. Mayn leg. (MRAC);. Paratypes: DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: Lualaba Province, Kalombo [4.59S 25.56E], M. Poli leg., 3 (MRAC); Parc National de la Garamba [4.06N 29.29.E], II/gd/4, 15.iii.1952, 3259, H. De Saeger leg., 1 and 1 (MRAC); ditto, PFSK 20/11, 16.vi.1952, 3629, J. Verschuren leg., 1 RWANDA: Parc National de lAkagera, 15.xi.1985 [1.36S 30.41E], R. Jacqu leg., 1 (MRAC). ETYMOLOGY. The species is named after I. K. Lopatin, one of the most important chrysomelid workers of these last decades.

16

17

18

0.15 mm

Figs. 16-20. Spermatheca of Chaetocnema species: 16. C. cinctipennis Laboissire; 17. C. rutovuensis Bechyn; 18. C. conducta (Motschulsky); 19. C. suturalis Bryant; 20. C. lopatini sp. n.

19

20

Chaetocnema conducta (Motschulsky) and its Kindred Species in the Afrotropical Region

GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. Democratic Republic of Congo and Rwanda (Fig. 21). DIAGNOSIS. This new species shows the most affinities with C. suturalis from which, it can be easily distinguished by the longer body shape and the blackened humeral calli (Figs 3, 5). In these two species, the median lobe of the aedeagus is also similar but in C. lopatini sp. n. it is clearly more elongate (Figs 13-14), while the spermatheca is practically indistinguishable (Figs 19-20). DESCRIPTION OF THE HOLOTYPE . Dorsal integument metallic greenish on head and pronotum; elytra widely yellow with lateral margin, suture and humeral calli clearly blackened. Body shape elliptical-elongate, moderately convex. Maximum pronotal width at middle: 0.86 mm; maximum elytra width at basal third: 1.01 mm. Head with frons and vertex weakly punctate on distinctly microreticulate surface; frontal sulci clearly impressed, also around dorsal margin of eyes; frontal tubercles absent; interantennal space

C. cinctipennis C. conducta C. lopatini sp. n. C. rutovuensis C. suturalis

Fig. 21. Distribution of the Chaetocnema conducta species-group in the Afrotropical region.

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Maurizio Biondi and Paola DAlessandro

about as wide as length of 1st antennomere; eyes large, moderately prominent; frontal carina very weakly raised and laterally finely delimited; labrum piceous; palpi reddish brown; antennae slightly longer than half body length (LAN/LB = 0.59), with antennomeres 1-6 pale and 7-11 clearly but gradually browned; length of each antennomere proportional to numerical sequence 16:10:11:10:11:10:10:11:11:11:18 (1 = 0.01 mm).

Fig. 22. Box-wiskers plots (mean, standard error) for the variables LB, LE, LP, LAN, WP and LAED in males of C. conducta (Motschulsky) and C. suturalis Bryant.

Chaetocnema conducta (Motschulsky) and its Kindred Species in the Afrotropical Region

11

Pronotum (Fig. 8) clearly transverse (LP = 0.50 mm; WP/LP = 1.72), medially wider, laterally rounded; lateral and basal margin finely bordered; anterior angles rounded not prominent; posterior angles obtuse, apically dentiform; punctation densely and clearly impressed on very distinctly microreticulate surface; basal stria formed by large but sparse punctures. Elytra elongate (LE = 1.60 mm; LE/LP = 3.20), entirely covering pygidium, laterally subparallel; punctation arranged in 9 regular rows (+1 sutural interrupted at basal third); punctures large but moderately impressed, slightly visible on apical declivity; interstriae smooth, subconvex, especially on sides; humeral callus slightly prominent; macropterous. Scutellum medially large, half-roundish , with finely shagreened surface. Legs with pale tibiae and tarsi; femora clearly blackned, especially hind; lateral emargination of hind tibiae weakly prominent, apically not acute; hind tibial spur slightly elongate, reddish; 1st anterior and middle tarsomere distinctly enlarged, subglobose. Ventral integument entirely black with evident greenish metallic reflections; last sternite without special preapical impressions with microreticulate and weakly punctate surface. Median lobe of aedeagus (Fig. 13) moderately elongate (LAED = 0.85 mm; LE/LAED = 1.88) with smooth surface; in ventral view, laterally subparallel in basal half and tapered from middle to apex; distal part, apically sublanceolate, without evident small median tooth; ventral sulcus moderately wide; dorsal ligula elongate, laterally subparallel, apically moderately acute; in lateral view, median lobe curved in basal 2/3 and clearly sinuous in apical part. VARIABILITY. (n = 6; mean and standard deviation): LB = 2.15 0.11 mm; LAN = 1.24 0.08 mm; LP = 0.49 0.03 mm; WP = 0.83 0.04 mm; LE = 1.57 0.08 mm; WE = 0.98 0.05 mm; LAED = 0.81 0.04 mm; LAN/LB = 0.58 0.03; WP/LP = 1.69 0.05; LE/LP = 3.21 0.09; LE/LAED = 1.93 0.05. (n = 1): LB = 2.32 mm; LAN = 1.25 mm; LP = 0.52 mm; WP = 0.89 mm; LE = 1.75 mm; WE = 1.05 mm; LSP = 0.26 mm; LAN/LB = 0.54; WP/LP = 1.69; LE/LP = 3.33; LE/LSP = 6.67. Paratypes in color and sculpture very similar to holotype. Female slightly bigger than male, with first anterior and middle tarsomere narrower. Spermatheca (Fig. 20) with pyriform basal part; apical part slightly developed but with well visible appendix; ductus elongate, with 2 coils. ECOLOGICAL NOTES. No ecological information is available for this species. Chaetocnema rutovuensis Bechyn (Figs 4, 9, 12, 17, 21) Chaetocnema rutovuensis Bechyn, 1955: 224-225; Biondi 2002: 278 MATERIAL EXAMINED. RWANDA: Rutovu, Rugege forest [2.25S 28.59E], 2350 m, 20/23.i.1953, P. Basilewsky leg., holotype and paratype (MRAC). GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. Rwanda (Fig. 21). MORPHOLOGICAL REMARKS. (n = 1): LB = 2.27 mm; LAN = 1.45 mm; LP = 0.49 mm; WP = 0.87 mm; LE = 1.60 mm; WE = 1.20 mm; LAED = 0.86 mm; LAN/LB = 0.64; WP/LP = 1.79; LE/LP = 3.28; LE/LAED = 1.85. (n = 1): LB = 2.37 mm; LAN = 1.39 mm; LP = 0.50 mm; WP = 0.96 mm; LE = 1.67 mm; WE = 1.25 mm; LSP = 0.30 mm; LAN/LB = 0.58; WP/LP = 1.92; LE/LP = 3.28; LE/LSP = 5.58. Median lobe of aedeagus (Fig. 12) slightly elongate, with smooth surface; in ventral view slightly wider in apical third; apically not acute, with thickset but evident small median tooth; ventral sulcus wide and moderately impressed in distal half; dorsal sulcus wide; dorsal ligula slightly wider, apically

12

Maurizio Biondi and Paola DAlessandro

subrounded; in lateral view, median lobe thickset, weakly curved, apically clearly sinuous. Spermatheca (Fig. 17) with basal part moderately elongate, basally wider; ductus with 1 coil. Chaetocnema suturalis Bryant status restored (Figs 5, 10, 14, 19, 21-23) Chaetocnema conducta (Motschulsky): Weise 1910: 222 (misidentification) Chaetocnema conducta (Motschulsky) var.: Laboissire 1942: 82 (misidentification) Chaetocnema suturalis Bryant, 1948: 154-155: Bryant 1959: 213 ; Biondi 2002 : 279 Chaetocnema conducta suturalis Bryant: Furth 1985: 261; Scherer 1963: 678-679 MATERIAL EXAMINED. KENYA: Athi River [1.16S 37.32E], 4500 ft, xii.1935, D.S. MacInnes leg., lectotype (BMNH) (M. Biondi des. 2002). DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: Parc National de la Garamba [4.06N 29.29.E], II/ed/14, 17.ii.1951, 1272, H. De Saeger leg., 2 specimens (MRAC); ditto, II/me/10, 12.xi.1951, 2744, 1 specimen (MRAC); ditto, II/fd/12, 5.viii.1952, 3884, 1 specimen (MRAC); ditto, II/gd/6, 19.viii.1952, 3952, 3 specimens (MRAC). SWAZILAND: 3 km N Simunye, 26.11S 31.57E, 27.x.1994, loc. 36, R. Danielsson leg., 6 specimens (MZLU). OTHER LOCALITIES FROM LITERATURE . ETHIOPIA: Abyssinia [7.54N 39.15E], Maraquo (Scherer 1963). DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: Parc National Albert [Parc National des Virunga], Katanda [0.32S 29.19E], 950 m, 30.xi.1934 (Laboissire 1942); ditto, Mai ya Moto [0.54S 29.20E], 950 m, 9.xi.1934 (Laboissire 1942); ditto, Tschengelero, prs Munagana [0.57S 29.16E], 1750 m, 21.viii.1934 (Laboissire 1942); ditto, Kitondo, prs Gandjo [1.23S 29.01E], 2000 m, 7-23.i.1935 (Laboissire 1942). KENYA: Londiani [0.09S 35.34E], v.1936 (Bryant 1948); Naivasha [0.42S 36.26E], vii.1937 (Bryant 1948); Athi River [1.16S 37.32E], 10.vi.1980, on Cyperus sp. (Cyperaceae) (Furth 1985). TANZANIA: Kilimandjaro, steppes around Kibonoto [3.11S 37.06E], September 1905-1906 (Weise 1910). LESOTHO: Hensleys Dam, 8 miles SW Leribe [28.57S 27.58E], 30.iii.1951 (Bryant 1959). REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA: Western Cape Province, 20 miles SE Swellendam [34.12S 20.42E], 3.i.1951 (Bryant 1959). GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. Ethiopia, Kenya, Democratic Republic of Congo, Republic of South Africa, Swaziland and Lesotho (Fig. 21). MORPHOLOGICAL REMARKS. (n = 8; mean and standard deviation): LB = 1.92 0.08 mm; LAN = 1.22 0.07 mm; LP = 0.43 0.02 mm; WP = 0.80 0.03 mm; LE = 1.39 0.06 mm; WE = 1.01 0.04 mm; LAED = 0.75 0.02 mm; LAN/LB = 0.64 0.03; WP/LP = 1.85 0.05; LE/LP = 3.23 0.14; LE/LAED = 1.86 0.07. (n = 5): LB = 2.16 0.14 mm; LAN = 1.25 0.04 mm; LP = 0.48 0.03 mm; WP = 0.89 0.04 mm; LE = 1.60 0.06 mm; WE = 1.12 0.04 mm; LSP = 0.25 0.01 mm; LAN/LB = 0.58 0.03; WP/LP = 1.85 0.05; LE/LP = 3.33 0.13; LE/LSP = 6.27 0.25. Median lobe of aedeagus (Fig. 14) slightly elongate, with smooth surface; in ventral view laterally subparallelous in basal 2/3s; distal part laterally subrounded, apically without small median tooth; ventral sulcus moderately impressed in distal half; dorsal sulcus wide; dorsal ligula elongate, apically acute; in lateral view, median lobe almost straight in basal 2/3s, apically sinuous. Spermatheca (Fig. 19) with basal part elongate, basally wider; ductus moderately elongate with 1 coil. REMARKS. This taxon, previously considered as a geographic race of C. conducta, shows some color and morphological characters (see key below) that allow us to restore its species status. In addition, C. suturalis and C. conducta are widely sympatric in the sub-Saharan Africa (Fig. 21).

Chaetocnema conducta (Motschulsky) and its Kindred Species in the Afrotropical Region

13

The result obtained by a morphometric analysis of males and females of these two taxa, are reported in Tables I-II and Figs 22-23. The length of the median lobe of the aedeagus of these two species is useful for the determination of males. Some other morphometric characters, such as length of body, length and width of pronotum, and, especially, the length of elytra and antennae, are particularly significant to differentiate the females of these two species. C. sutur-

Fig. 23. Box-wiskers plots (mean, standard error, ) for the variables LB, LE, LP, LAN, WP and LSP in females of C. conducta (Motschulsky) and C. suturalis Bryant.

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Table I. Students t-test on morphometric variables between males of C. conducta and C. suturalis. Significant levels were considered at P < 0.05 (values in bold). df 16 16 16 16 16 14 16 0.250731 0.913010 0.401674 0.801394 0.117936 0.006666 0.200383 10 10 10 10 10 8 10 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 0.113412 0.089326 0.032302 0.057494 0.110625 0.054665 0.176285 0.061578 0.036596 0.022097 0.034998 0.070849 0.024091 0.082578 3.392068 5.957778 2.136889 2.698659 2.438046 5.149038 4.557192 p Valid N cond-mal ValidN sutu-mal Std.Dev. cond-mal Std.Dev. sutu-mal F-ratio Variances P Variances 0.121446 0.028105 0.329172 0.204206 0.253094 0.046172 0.058063

Mean cond-mal

Mean sutu-mal

t-value

Maurizio Biondi and Paola DAlessandro

LE WE LP WP LAN LAED LB

1.342000 1.010000 0.421250 0.792500 1.148750 0.682813 1.825000

1.395313 1.006250 0.432812 0.798437 1.223438 0.750000 1.915625

-1.19177 0.11098 -0.86153 -0.25576 -1.65241 -3.18114 -1.33556

Table II. Students t-test on morphometric variables between females of C. conducta and C. suturalis. Significant levels were considered at P < 0.05 df 13 13 13 13 13 11 13 0.002226 0.110591 0.011856 0.019437 0.000110 0.257238 0.008870 10 10 10 10 10 8 10 p Valid N cond-fem ValidN sutu-fem 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Std.Dev. cond-fem 0.073362 0.062431 0.027920 0.051774 0.056657 0.018898 0.094731 Std.Dev. sutu-fem 0.065192 0.043661 0.025921 0.044546 0.037081 0.011180 0.139866 F-ratio Variances 1.266340 2.044627 1.160207 1.350831 2.334596 2.857143 2.179919 P Variances 0.879536 0.511515 0.955980 0.824407 0.429992 0.327108 0.304910

Mean cond-fem

Mean sutu-fem

t-value

LE WE LP WP LAN LSP LB

1.450000 1.068750 0.436250 0.817500 1.101250 0.243750 1.973750

1.597500 1.122500 0.480000 0.890000 1.255000 0.255000 2.160000

-3.79568 -1.71222 -2.92370 -2.66533 -5.45766 -1.19494 -3.07459

Chaetocnema conducta (Motschulsky) and its Kindred Species in the Afrotropical Region

15

alis and C. conducta are better differentiated in sympatric condition, therefore for this study were only considered specimens of C. conducta from Afrotropical localities. Also the variability of the median lobe of the aedeagus in C. conducta is much higher in the Mediterranea than in the Afrotropics. Perhaps it could be considered an example of character displacement in sympatric populations of two closely related species (Brown & Wilson 1956). ECOLOGICAL NOTES. The only ecological information available for this species is by Furth (1985), who collected it in Kenya on Cyperus sp. (Cyperaceae). KEY TO SPECIES 1. Pronotum at middle wider than base of elytra, laterally strongly rounded (Figs 6, 9). Size generally larger (LB > 2.20 mm). Elytra with widely blackened lateral margin and apical part (Figs 1, 4). .............................................................................................................................................. 2. Pronotum at middle not wider than base of elytra, laterally weakly rounded (Figs 7, 8, 10). Size generally smaller (LB 2.20 mm). Elytra with very finely blackened lateral margin and apical part (Figs 2, 3, 5). ..................................................................................................................... 3. 2. Head and pronotum bluish (Fig. 4). Elytra with strongly reduced yellow pattern, sometimes interrupted at middle. Vertex of head with clearly impressed punctation. First anterior tarsomere in male moderately dilated. Median lobe of aedeagus (Fig. 12) in ventral view with apical part lanceolate, with evident small median tooth; in lateral view, more thickset at middle. Spermatheca (Fig. 17) with basal part elongate and ductus with 1-2 coils. .................................. ................................................................................................................ C. rutovuensis Bechyn (Fig. 4) Head and pronotum greenish (Fig. 1). Elytra with wide yellow pattern, never interrupted at middle. Vertex of head with very weakly impressed punctation. First anterior tarsomere in male clearly dilated. Median lobe of aedeagus (Fig. 11) in ventral view with apical part subrounded, without small median tooth; in lateral view, more slender at middle. Spermatheca (Fig. 16) with subglobose basal part and ductus at least with 2 coils. ........................................... .......................................................................................................... C. cinctipennis Laboissire (Fig. 1) 3. Elytra more elongate (LE/WE > 1.50). Pronotum weakly transverse (WP/LP < 1.80). Size generally larger [LB () > 2.00 mm; LB () > 2.25 mm]. Median lobe of aedeagus (Fig. 13) more elongate (LAED 0.78 mm); in lateral view, slightly curved at middle. Spermatheca (Fig. 20) with piriform basal part and ductus with 2 coils. .................... C. lopatini sp. n. (Fig. 3) Elytra shorter (LE/WE 1.50). Pronotum strongly transverse (WP/LP 1.80). Size generally smaller [LB () 2.00 mm; LB () 2.25 mm]. Median lobe of aedeagus (Figs 14-15) more thickset (LAED < 0.78 mm); in lateral view, straight at middle. ............................................... 4. 4. Humeral callus pale; elytral suture very finely blackened (Fig. 5). Fifth antennomere pale or very weakly obscured. Antennae in female longer (LAN 1.18 mm). Median lobe of aedeagus (Fig. 14) more elongate (LAED > 0.73 mm), with apical part laterally subrounded; ventral sulcus wide but not visible in basal half. Spermatheca (Fig. 19) generally with more elongate ductus. .......................................................................................................... C. suturalis Bryant (Fig. 5) Humeral callus blackened; elytral suture widely blackened (Fig. 2). Fifth antennomere generally clearly brown. Antennae in female shorter (LAN < 1.18 mm). Median lobe of aedeagus (Fig. 15) less elongate (LAED 0.73 mm), with apical part subtriangular; ventral sulcus visible but narrowed to basal 2/3. Spermatheca (Fig. 18) generally with less elongate ductus. .................. ......................................................................................................... C. conducta (Motschulsky) (Fig. 2)

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Maurizio Biondi and Paola DAlessandro

REFERENCES
Bechyn, J. 1955. Contributions ltude de la faune entomologique du Ruanda-Urundi (Mission P. Basilewsky 1953). LXIV. Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Chrysomelinae et Alticinae. Annales du Muse Royal du Congo Belge, Tervuren, Sciences Zoologiques, 40: 204-230. Bechyn, J. 1960. Notes sur les Alticides africains des collections de lInstitut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique (Coleoptera, Phytophaga). Bulletin Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, 36 (8): 1-32. Biondi, M. 2002. Checklist of Afrotropical species of the genus Chaetocnema Stephens (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Alticinae): synonymies and geographical distribution. African Entomology, 10 (2): 265-284. Brown, W. L. & E. O. Wilson. 1956. Character displacement. Systematic Zoology, 5: 49-64. Bryant, G. E. 1948. New species of Chrysomelidae (Halticinae) from East Africa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 12, 1: 145-171. Bryant, G. E. 1959. Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae I. Chapter XI, pp. 194-226. In: Hanstrm, B., Brinck P. & Rudebeck, B. (Eds.). South African Animal Life, Results of the Lund University Expedition in 19501951, vol. VI, Almquist & Wiksell, Stockholm. Furth, D. G. 1985. Some flea beetles and their foodplants from Kenya (Chrysomelidae: Alticinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin, 39 (3): 259-263. Gruev, B. & M. Dberl. 1997. General distribution of the flea beetles in the Palaearctic Subregion (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae: Alticinae). Scopolia, 37: 1-496. Jolivet, P. & Hawkeswood, T.J. 1995. Host-plants of Chrysomelidae of the World. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, 281 pp. Laboissire, V. 1941. Nouveaux Halticinae et Galerucinae de la Collection du Muse du Congo. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 34 (3-4): 316-321. Laboissire, V. 1942. Halticinae (Coleoptera Phytophaga). Fam. Chrysomelidae. Exploration du Parc National Albert. Mission G.F. de Witte (1933-1935). Institut des Parcs Nationaux du Congo Belge, Bruxelles, 39: 1-131. Motschulsky, V. von 1838. Coloptres du Caucase et des provinces transcaucasiennes, recueillis et dcrits par T. Victor. Bulletin de la Socit Impriale des Naturalistes de Moscow, 2: 75-188. Scherer, G. 1962. Alticinae (Coleoptera Phytophaga). Fam. Chrysomelidae. Parc National de la Garamba. Mission H. De Saeger (1949-1952). Institut des Parcs Nationaux du Congo et du Rwanda, Bruxelles, 31 (1): 3-86. Scherer, G. 1963. Beitrag zur Kenntnis des Alticidenfauna Afrikas (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Alticinae). Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum Georg Frey, 14 (2): 648-684. Scherer, G. 1972. Coleoptera aus Nordostafrika. Chrysomelidae: Alticinae. Notulae Entomologicae, 52: 1-17. Scherer, G. 1983. Diagnostic key for the Neotropical Alticine genera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Alticinae). Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum Georg Frey, 31-32: 1-89. Weise, J. 1910. 7. Coleoptera. 12. Chrysomelidae und Coccinellidae, pp. 153-266. In: Sjstedt Y., Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der schwedischen zoologischen expedition nach dem Kilimandjaro, dem Meru und den umgebenden Massaisteppen Deutsch-Ostafrikas 1905-1906. Stockholm. White, R. E. 1996. A revision of the genus Chaetocnema of America North of Mexico (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 29 (1): 3-158.

Leaf PENSOFT Publishers Beetles (Coleoptera: Sofia Moscow

Konstantinov, Tishechkin, Penev (eds.) 2005 Chrysomelidae) of the West and Southwest Facing Slopes... 17 Contributions to Systematics and Biology of Beetles Papers Celebrating the 80th Birthday of Igor Konstantinovich Lopatin, pp. 17-42

Leaf Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) of the West and Southwest Facing Slopes in the Israeli Part of the Hermon Mountains
V. Chikatunov1 and Tom Pavlek2
1

Department of Zoology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel 2 Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel e-mail: patricia@research.haifa.ac.il

ABSTRACT
The leaf beetle fauna (131 species) of the west and southwest facing slopes within the Israeli part of the Hermon mountain range is composed chiefly of species of the mesic Levant (26 species, = 19.8% of all species), of Asiatic species (i.e., species distributed only in Asia, excluding the ones confined inside of the Levant province; 31 species, = 23.7% of all species), of Euro-Asiatic species (18 species, = 13.7% of all species) and of Palearctic species (26 species, = 19.8% of all species). Only one endemic species was recorded from the Hermon (Cryptocephalus nigellus Lopatin et Chikatunov). As a matter of fact, only a little affinity with the fauna of the Sahara-Syrian desert belt and of sub-Saharan Africa was found. The number of species of the Mediterranean woodland and shrubland zone (altitude < 1300 m, 30 species) seems to be significantly inferior to that recorded in the montane forest zone (altitude from 1300 to 1799 m, 93 species) and in the subalpine tragacanthic steppe vegetation zone (altitude > 1799 m, 85 species). It cannot be excluded however that this pattern is biased by the sampling method used. The recorded leaf beetles from the Hermon belong to the following ten subfamilies: Orsodacninae (1 species), Zeugophorinae (1 species), Criocerinae (4 species), Clytrinae (13 species), Cryptocephalinae (16 species), Chrysomelinae (11 species), Galerucinae (6 species), Alticinae (76 species), Hispinae (2 species), and Cassidinae (1 species).

INTRODUCTION The Hermon mountain range (Jebel ech Sheik in Arabic) (subsequently referred to as the Hermon) is the southern extension of the Antilebanon. It covers an area of about 20 x 50 km (Nathan and Werner 1999) and dominates the northeastern part of Israel, the southeastern part of Lebanon and western Syria. The Hermon reaches 2875 m at its highest point. However, the highest point on the Israeli part (approximately 7% of the total Hermon mountain range), from where the analysed material originates, rises to an altitude of only 2224 m. To the south, east, and west, the Hermon is isolated due to its height. In fact, the nearest mountains of a comparable height are to be found in Saudi Arabia, in the Sinai Peninsula and in Yemen. The Sahara-Syrian

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desert belt forms another barrier to animal migration further to the south and east of the mountain range. However, the Hermon might be connected at least for some organisms to the north through the Anti-Lebanon range with other mountain ranges in Lebanon and northern Syria. The main soil type at the Hermon is Terra Rossa on the abundant Jurassic hard limestone. The climate is characterized by hot, dry summers and cold rainy winters. Rain and snow are the principal sources of water. The Hermon receives more than 1000 mm of precipitation in the upper altitudes (Atlas of Israel 1985). The vegetation in the lower part of the west and southwest facing slopes of the Hermon (altitude from 200 to 1300 m asl.) is composed of the Mediterranean woodland and shrubland (Danin 1988). The middle altitude (from 1300 to 1800 m) is covered by montane forest (Figs. 3-5) comprising remnants of many winter deciduous trees, such as Quercus boissieri, Q. libani, Acer microphyllum, associated to a few perennials and many annuals (Danin 1988). At higher elevations (altitude above 1900 m), one finds a zone of subalpine tragacanthic steppe vegetation. The name of this zone is derived from the present of a few species of Astragalus, section Tragacantha (Zohary 1973). This part is covered by snow for at least 3 to 5 months per year and the community is dominated by Astragalus cruentiflorus and Onobrychis cornuta (Danin 1988). The fauna of the Hermon is composed of elements of different zoogeographic origins. For example, the Palestine sunbird, Nectarinia osea Bonaparte, which is distributed in Israel, Lebanon and along the coast of the Arabian Peninsula and nests at low elevations there while EuroSiberian species such as the northern wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe Linnaeus, the squirrel Sciurus anomalus Schreber and the snow vole Microtus nivalis Martins find there the southern border of their distribution in higher elevation (Nathan and Werner 1999). As regards leaf beetles, the first records go back to the end of the 19th century (Baudi di Selve 1894). However, not much attention was put to the study of this group on the Hermon during the 19th and 20th centuries. A few papers on leaf beetles mentioning the Hermon were nevertheless published in the 1980-90s and at the beginning of this century (Furth 1979a,b, 1980, 1983, 1985, 1997; Lopatin and Chikatunov 1997; Lopatin et al. 2003; Medvedev 1992; Rapilly 1983). MATERIAL AND METHODS The study is based on the material preserved in the Entomological collection, Department of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Israel and on the quoted records. All the mentioned material was collected only from the Israeli part of the Hermon with the possible exception of the records by Baudi di Selve (1894) mostly during the last 20 years. The test of differences between two proportions was performed by means of the computer program Statistica 6.0, StatSoft. Inc. RESULTS Species richness Altogether, we recorded 131 species of leaf beetles from the Israeli part of the Hermon (Appendix 1). Taxonomically, the species recorded from the Hermon belong to the following ten subfamilies: (i) Orsodacninae (1 species), (ii) Zeugophorinae (1 species), (iii) Criocerinae (4 species), (iv) Clytrinae (13 species), (v) Cryptocephalinae (16 species), (vi) Chrysomelinae (11 spe-

Leaf Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) of the West and Southwest Facing Slopes...

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cies), (vii) Galerucinae (6 species), (viii) Alticinae (76 species), (ix) Hispinae (2 species), and (x) Cassidinae (1 species). Out of all the recorded species, 9 (= 6.9%) represent new records for the Hermon: Aphthona bonvouloiri, A. lutescens, Clytra ovata, Dibolia rufofemorata, Hermaeophaga ruficollis, Longitarsus aramaicus, L. strangulatus, Psylliodes elliptica, and Sphaeroderma rubidum. Thirty species were recorded in the Mediterranean woodland and shrubland zone (altitude < 1300 m). Ninety three species were found in the montane forest zone (altitude from 1300 to 1799 m) and 85 species in the subalpine tragacanthic steppe vegetation zone (altitude > 1799 m) (Fig. 1). The difference in species richness between the Mediterranean zone and the montane forest is significant (test of two proportions: p < 0.0001), as well as between the Mediterranean zone and the tragacanthic vegetation zone (test of two proportions : p = 0.0001), but not the difference between the montane forest zone and the tragacanthic vegetation zone (test of two two proportions : p > 0.39). Zoogeography of leaf beetles on the Hermon The most important zoogeographic groups were: endemic species of the Hermon, species of the mesic Levant, Levantine species, Circum-Mediterranean species, Euro-Asiatic species, and Palearctic species, that all together form more than 84% of all the leaf beetles fauna at the Hermon. Their characterization is as follows: a) Endemic species of the Hermon. One species (= 0.8% of all recorded species, Fig. 2) (Cryptocephalus nigellus) seems to be endemic of the Hermon.
100
1600-1699 m

80

Number of species

1800-1899 m

2000-2100 m

1000-1099 m

40
less than 1000 m

1100-1199 m

20

0 Altitude

Fig. 1. Distribution of species richness in Chrysomelidae according to altitude on Mt. Hermon. The first group of 13 bars shows the distribution of species richness in each 100 m of altitude in the range from 1000 to 2100 m. The second group of three bars shows the distribution of species richness in the lower elevations (less than 1300 m), the middle elevations (1300 - 1799 m), and at the higher elevations (more than 1799 m) of Mt. Hermon.

1200-1299 m

1300-1399 m

1400-1499 m

1700-1799 m

1900-1999 m

more than 1799 m

less than 1300 m

60
1500-1599 m

more than 2100 m

1300-1799 m

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V. Chikatunov and Tom Pavlek

b) Species of the mesic Levant. These species are known from the Hermon and from the surrounding areas of the northern mesic Levant. Some of them are known only from the northern part of Israel and some of them are known also from Syria, Lebanon and Jordan. They are not present in the southern Levantine deserts. However, a few species penetrate the Negev and/ or Judean deserts from the north. This group contains 26 species (= 19.8% of all species, Fig. 2): Chilotomina djebelina, Chrysolina anceyi, C. peregrina impavida, C. syriaca, Clytra rotundata, Cryptocephalus dahdah, C. distinctenotatus, C. peyroni, Euluperus hermonensis, Labidostomis hebraea, Longitarsus allotrophus, L. aramaicus, L. bytinskii, L. emarginatus, L. hermonensis, L. nigrilividus, L. nimrodi, Mantura judaea, Nymphyus ensifer, Orsodacne lineola ruficollis, Pachybrachis akbesianus, Phyllotreta hermonensis, Psylliodes drusei, P. hermonensis, P. testaceoconcolor, S. scutellaris. Species of the mesic Levant show a higher, although nonsignificant, representation in the montane forest zone and in the subalpine tragacanthic steppe vegetation zone than in the Mediterranean woodland and shrubland zone. c) Levantine species. These species are distributed in both mesic and desert parts of the Levant, i.e. they are distributed from Lebanon or Syria up to the Sinai. Only the following four species (= 3.1% of all recorded species, Fig. 2) were recognized in this group at the Hermon: Chrysolina aeneipennis, C. palmyrensis, Coptocephala jaechi, and Cryptocephalus bidorsalis. d) Asiatic species. This group comprises species distributed in Asia beyond the Levant. They might penetrate into Northern Africa or Europe maximally in short distance incursions. This group includes for example East Mediterranean, Irano-Turanian and Central-Asiatic elements. The following 31 species belonging to this group (= 23.7% of all recorded species, Fig. 2) were recognized on the Hermon: Altica bicarinata, A. jarmilae, Antipus ogloblini, Calomicrus heideni, Cassida palaestina, Clytra nigrocincta, C. ovata, Coptocephala unifasciata destinoi, Cryptocephalus fulvus schatzmayri, Dibolia rufofemorata, Diorhabda nigrifrons, Entomoscelis sacra, Epitrix dieckmanni, Galeruca interrupta cirEndemic species Species of the mesic Levant

Others Widely distributed species

Levantine species Palearctic species

Asiatic species

Euro-Asiatic species

Circum-Mediterranean species

Fig. 2. The relative representation of different faunistic groups of leaf beetles at the Israeli part of the Hermon.

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cumdata, G. spectabilis orientalis, Labidostomis karamanica, Lilioceris faldermanni, Longitarsus karheinzi, L. truncatellus, Pachybrachis limbatus, P. mardinensis, P. nigropunctatus, P. scripticollis, P. tesselatus orientalis, Phyllotreta bulgarica, P. latevittata, Psylliodes elliptica, Smaragdina hellenica, S. limbata, S. tibialis, S. viridana. This group shows higher relative representation in the Mediterranean woodland and shrubland zone than in the montane forest zone and in the subalpine tragacanthic steppe vegetation zone. In the Asiatic species, the difference between the Mediterranean woodland zone and the subalpine tragacanthic steppe vegetation zone was statistically nearly significant (test of two proportions : p = 0. 067). e) Circum-Mediterranean species. This group consisting of species found all around the Mediterranean basin is represented by five species on the Hermon (= 3.8% of all recorded species, Fig. 2): Dicladispa testacea, Longitarsus nanus, L. strangulatus, Phyllotreta fallaciosa, and Psylliodes inflata. f) Euro-Asiatic species. This group comprises the species distributed in Europe and Asia, but which are not present in northern Africa. On the Hermon they are represented by the following 18 species (13.7 % of all recorded species, Fig. 2): Altica impressicollis, Aphthona franzi, A. kuntzei, A. lutescens, Chaetocnema chlorophana, C. concinna, C. coyei, C. tibialis, Chrysolina modesta angelica, Cryptocephalus macellus, Dibolia carpathica, Dibolia depressiuscula, Dibolia phoenicia, Entomoscelis suturalis, Longitarsus fuscoaeneus, L. linnaei, L. rectilineatus, Phyllotreta erysimi. The group shows a nonsignificant decline of their relative representation from the lower altitudes to the upper ones. g) Palearctic species. These species are distributed in all the Palearctic or at least in North Africa and in large parts of Europe and Asia. The group comprises the following 26 species recorded from the Hermon (= 19.8 % of all recorded species, Fig. 2): Aphthona euphorbiae, A. pygmaea, Chaetocnema scheffleri, Chrysolina chalcites, C. polita, Clytra nevempunctata, Crioceris bicruciata, Hispa atra, Lilioceris lilii, Longitarsus albineus, L. dimidiatus, L. luridus, L. lycopi, L. nigrofasciatus, L. obliteratus, L. pellucidus, L. pratensis, L. suturalis, L. tabidus, Oulema melanopa, Phyllotreta corrugata, P. nigripes, Psylliodes chrysocephala, P. cuprea, P. hyoscyami, and P. sophiae. They seem to be represented in almost the same proportions (no significant differences found) in the three phytogeographic Hermon zones. h) Widely distributed species. These species are distributed beyond the border of the Palearctic realm. The group counts seven species (= 5.3.% of all recorded species, Fig. 2): Altica oleraceae, Aphthona semicyanea, Chaetocnema hortensis, Gastrophysa polygoni, Hermaeophaga ruficollis, Phyllotreta aerea, and Zeugophora scutellaris. i) Others. This group comprises 13 species (9.9%) showing different patterns that did not fit to any of the above category. DISCUSSION Altogether, we recorded 131 species from the Israeli part of the Hermon. However, the actual species richness is probably significantly higher both in the Israeli part of the mountains and in the Hermon mountain range. The Israeli part of the Hermon mountain range, from where the presented material originated, covers only about 7% (roughly 70 km2) of the total mountains area and not all this area has been accessible for field work due to security concerns. In fact, if we exclude Alticinae, only 55 species were recorded from the Israeli part of the Hermon, much less than the 90 species (without Alticinae) recorded from an area of about 7000 m2 at Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, northern Israel (Chikatunov et al. 2000). Only one species of leaf beetles, Cryptoceph-

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Fig. 3. Mt. Hermon at 1400-1500 m, April (photo by Vasiliy Kravchenko).

Fig. 4. Mt. Hermon at 1500 m, forest zone, April (photo by Vasiliy Kravchenko).

Leaf Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) of the West and Southwest Facing Slopes...

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Fig. 5. Mt. Hermon at 1800 m, March (photo by Vasiliy Kravchenko).

alus nigellus is endemic to the Hermon, but there is no certainty that it will not be discovered also in another locality. The low level of endemism at the Hermon seems to be a rather characteristic faunal feature, pointing perhaps to the connection with the northern mountain ranges in Lebanon and Syria and to a relatively short time of isolation. For example, Werner (1988) lists at the Hermon only one endemic lizard species, the Hermon gecko, Cyrtodactylus amictopholis Hoofien, and Benyamini (1988) and Pavlek et al. (2003) did not list any endemic species of butterflies or earthworms, respectively. However, endemism might be underestimated in many invertebrate groups since they are poorly known in the area. In spite of its low level of endemism, the leaf beetle fauna of the Hermon deserves attention due to its unique combination of local (mainly species of the mesic Levant) and widely distributed Euro-Asian, Asian and Palearctic species. This combination is unique since it is not a coincidental product (Vilenkin and Chikatunov 2000). Another interesting feature at the Hermon might be the hump-like altitudinal distribution pattern of species richness with a maximum richness recorded in the zone of montane forest. The results indicate that in the Hermon a different pattern of altitudinal zonation might exist in each major faunistic group. However, an almost significant decreasing trend of the relative proportions from the Mediterranean woodland zone to the subalpine tragacanthic steppe vegetation zone was obtained so far only in Asiatic species. Better data to test this pattern are therefore needed especially since the number of species in each altitude zone might be biased by the unequal collection effort expended at different altitudes. For example, the recorded high species richness at altitude 1000-1100 m corresponds to the presence of a settlement (Newe Ativ). It should be noted that a similar hump like distribution of species richness at the Hermon was observed earlier in birds and reptiles (Nathan and Werner 1999), but not in malacofauna (Bar and Mienis 1979).

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ZOOGEOGRAPHIC AFFINITIES The data show clearly the overall Palearctic affinity of the leaf beetle fauna of the Israeli part of the Hermon. There is probably no connection of this fauna with the sub-Saharan one since the species recorded also in sub-saharan Africa have a very wide distribution and are probably not of African origin. Earlier studies of leaf beetles in Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel (Chikatunov et al. 2000) and of the darkling beetles of the Sinai Peninsula (Lillig and Pavlek 2003) lead to a similar conclusion. This fact indicates that the Sahara-Syrian desert belt has been efficiently preventing migration from the sub-saharan Africa to the Levant. Also, little connections appear with the Arabian fauna (only six species: Antipus ogloblini, Cryptocephalus fulvus schatzmayri, Epitrix dieckmanni, Longitarsus lycopi and widely distributed Chaetocnema hortensis and Hermaeophaga ruficollis) and with the desert fauna of the southern Levant. However, a few species, usually widely distributed, connect the fauna of Palearctic North Africa with the fauna of the Hermon. The fact that the 31 species recorded there are distributed only inside the Levantine province shows that this province is not merely a transitional zone (Kosswig 1955), but also a place of frequent speciation and of endemic fauna, as documented among others in earthworms (Pavlek et al. 2003). On the other hand, there is a strong faunal affinity between the Hermon and other Asiatic and European regions. The majority of the non-Levantine fauna are Palearctic, Asiatic, and Euro-Asiatic elements. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank Patricia Cardet (Haifa) for editorial assistance. Vasiliy Kravchenko (Department of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel) provided photographs of habitats of the Hermon. LITERATURE CITED
Alfieri, A. 1976. Coleoptera of Egypt. Mmoires de la Socit Entomologique dEgypte, 5: 225-238. Aslan, I. and H. zbek. 1997. New records of the subfamilies Cassidinae and Cryptocephalinae (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) for the Turkish fauna. Zoology of the Middle East, 14: 87-91. Aslan, I., A. Warchalowski and H. zbek. 2000. A preliminary review of the subfamily Galerucinae (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) in Turkey. Journal of the Entomological Research Society, 2: 27-42. Atlas of Israel. 1985. 3rd ed., Tel Aviv: Carta, the Israel map & publishing Co., Ltd. 80 pp. Bar, Z. and H. K. Mienis. 1979. The malacofauna of Mount Hermon. Malacologia, 18: 73-77. Baudi di Selve, F. 1894. Viaggio del Dr. E. Festa in Palestina, nel Libano e regioni vicine. VIII. Coleotteri. Bollettino Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della R. Universit di Torino, 9: 1-13. Benyamini, D. 1988. The zoogeography of butterflies (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera) of Israel and nearby areas. In. Yom-Tov, Y. and E. Tchernov (eds.). The Zoogeography of Israel. Dr W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 309-324. Bordy, B. 2000. Coloptres Chrysomelidae. Vol. 3. Hispinae et Cassidinae. Faune de France 85. 250 pp. Borowiec, L., V. Chikatunov and J. Halperin 1997. The Cassidinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) of Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology, 31: 147-152. Chikatunov, V., T. Pavlek, I. Lopatin and E. Nevo. 2000. Biodiversity and microclimatic divergence of chrysomelid beetles at Evolution Canyon, Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 69: 139-152. Danin, A. 1988. Flora and vegetation of Israel and adjacent areas. In. Yom-Tov Y. and E. Tchernov (eds.). The Zoogeography of Israel. Dr W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht.

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Furth, D. G. 1979a. Zoogeography and host plant ecology of the Alticinae of Israel, especially Phyllotreta, with descriptions of three new species (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Israel Journal of Zoology, 28: 137. Furth, D. G. 1979b. Zoogeography and host plants of Longitarsus in Israel with descriptions of six new species (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Israel Journal of Entomology, 13: 79-124. Furth, D. G. 1980. Altica of Israel (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Alticinae). Israel Journal of Entomology, 14: 55-56. Furth, D. G. 1983. Alticinae of Israel: Psylliodes (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Israel Journal of Entomology, 17: 37-58. Furth, D. G. 1985. Alticinae of Israel: Chaetocnema (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Israel Journal of Entomology, 19: 67-83. Furth, D. G. 1997. Alticinae of Israel and adjacent areas: smaller genera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Israel Journal of Entomology, 31: 121-146. Gruev, B. 1995. Check-list of Eumolpinae, Chrysomelinae, Alticinae and Cassidinae of Iraq. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 42: 175-186. Gruev, B. and V. Tomov. 1979. Zur Kenntnis einiger in der Trkei, Jugoslawien und Griechenland vorkommender Arten der Familie Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) aus der Zoologischen Staatssamlung Mnchen. Spixiana, 3: 259-267. Kosswig, C. 1955. The zoogeography of the Near East. Systematic Zoology, 4: 50-73. Lopatin, I. 1984. Leaf Beetles (Chrysomelidae) of Central Asia and Kazakhstan. New Dehli, 415 pp. Lopatin, I. and V. Chikatunov. 1997. The Cryptocephalinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) of Israel, Jordan and the Sinai part of Egypt. Israel Journal of Entomology, 31: 97-119. Lopatin, I., V. Chikatunov and T. Pavlek. 2003. Catalogue of the beetles (Coleoptera) in Israel and adjacent areas: 3. Chrysomelidae (except Alticinae). Zoology in the Middle East, 28: 87-112. Lillig, M. and T. Pavlek. 2003. The darkling beetles of the Sinai Peninsula. Kasparek Verlag, Heidelberg. 87 pp. Medvedev, L. N. 1992. The Clytrinae (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) of Israel. Russian Entomological Journal, 1: 51-55. Nathan, R. and Y. L. Werner 1999. Reptiles and breeding birds on Mt. Hermon: patterns of altitudinal distribution and species richness. Israel Journal of Zoology, 45: 1-33. Pavlek, T., C. Csuzdi and E. Nevo. 2003. Species richness and zoogeographic affinities of earthworms in the Levant. Pedobiologia, 47: 452-457. Rapilly, M. 1983. Contribution la connaissance des espces israliennes du genre Smaragdina Chevr. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Clytrinae). Annales de la Socit Entomologique de France, 19: 317-326. Sassi, D. and S. Kismali. 1999. The Cryptocephalinae of Turkey, with information on their distribution and ecology (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Memorie della Societ Entomologica Italiana, 78: 71-129. Sassi, D. and M. Schller. 2003. Two new species of Pachybrachis Chevrolat, 1837 closely related to P. limbatus (Mntris, 1836) (Insecta, Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cryptocephalina). Senckenbergiana biologica, 82: 135-156. Vilenkin, B. Ya. and V. Chikatunov. 2000. Participation of species with different zoogeographical ranks in the formation of local faunas: a case study. Journal of Biogeography, 27: 1201-1208. Werner, Y. L. 1988. Herpetofaunal survey of Israel (1950-1985) with comments on Sinai and Jordan and on zoogeographical heterogeneity. In. Yom-Tov Y. and E. Tchernov (eds.). The Zoogeography of Israel. Dr W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 355-388. Wilcox, J. A. 1971. Coleopterorum Catalogus, Suplementa, pars 78; Fasc. 2. Uctgeverij Dr. W. Junk. sGravenhage, 210 pp. Zohary, M. 1973. Geobotanical Foundations of the Middle East. 2 vols. Gustav Fisher, Stuttgart, 738 pp.

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APPENDIX 1. A LIST OF SPECIES COLLECTED AND RECORDED ON THE WEST- AND SOUTH-FACING SLOPES OF MT. HERMON (Abbreviations: C. Central, E. East(ern), MH Mt. Hermon, N. North(ern), S. South(ern), W.- West(ern)). Orsodacninae Thomson, 1859 1. Orsodacne lineola ruficollis Pic, 1894 General distribution: Syria, Lebanon, Israel (Lopatin et al. 2003). Distribution at MH: 1800 m, 25.V.1998, V. Chikatunov; MH (Lopatin et al. 2003). Zeugophorinae Bving et Craighead, 1831 2. Zeugophora scutellaris Suffrian, 1840 General distribution: Holarctic (Lopatin 1984). Distribution at MH: 1900 m, 22.IV.1993, D. Furth; MH (Lopatin et al. 2003). Criocerinae Latreille, 1807 3. Crioceris bicruciata (Sahlberg, 1823) General distribution: Palearctic (Lopatin 1984). Distribution at MH: 1500 m, 8.IX.1971, J. Kugler; 12.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov; 1600 m; 20.VI.1993, 10.VIII.1993, V. Chikatunov; MH (Lopatin et al. 2003). 4. Lilioceris faldermanni (Gurin-Mneville, 1844) General distribution: E. Mediterranean, Iran (Lopatin 1984). Distribution at MH: 2200 m, 2.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov; 1500-2200 m (Lopatin et al. 2003). 5. Lilioceris lilii (Scopoli, 1763) General distribution: Palearctic (Lopatin 1984). Distribution at MH: 2000 m, 5.V.1977, A. Freidberg; MH (Lopatin et al. 2003). 6. Oulema melanopa (Linnaeus, 1758) General distribution: Palearctic (Lopatin 1984). Distribution at MH: Zomet Sion, 13.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov; Newe Ativ, 7.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov; 1600 m, 4.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov; 1800 m, 16.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov; 1900 m, 21.V.1973, D. Furth; 2200 m, 8.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov; 1600-2200 m (Lopatin et al. 2003). Clytrinae Kirby, 1837 7. Antipus ogloblini L. Medvedev, 1992 General distribution: Saudi Arabia, Israel (Medvedev 1992). Distribution at MH: 1500 m, 22.IV.1973, D. Furth; MH (Lopatin et al. 2003).

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8. Chilotomina djebelina Lafvre, 1872 General distribution: Syria, Lebanon, Israel (Rapilly 1983). Distribution at MH: Har Dov, 21.VII.1995, V. Chikatunov; 1400 m, 20.V.1997, L. Friedman; 1600 m, 19.V.1983, F. Kaplan; 4.V.1999, L. Friedman; 1800 m, 25.V.1998, V. Chikatunov; 800 m, 1700 m (Rapilly 1983); 1600 m (Medvedev 1992); MH (Lopatin et al. 2003). 9. Clytra nigrocincta Lacordaire, 1848 General distribution: E. Mediterranean, Egypt (Sinai) (Chikatunov, unpublished). Distribution at MH: 1750 m, 6.VII.1987, F. Kaplan; 1800 m, 12.VI.1996, A. Freidberg; MH (Baudi di Selve 1894, Lopatin et al. 2003). 10. Clytra novempunctata Olivier, 1808 General distribution: S. Europe, N. Africa, Asia Minor (Gruev and Tomov 1979), Egypt (Alfieri 1976), Balkans, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, Cyprus, Egypt (Medvedev 1992), C. Asia, Afghanistan (Lopatin 1984). Distribution at MH: Har Dov, 21.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov; Newe Ativ, 16.VI.1971, H. Bytinski-Salz; 4.VI.1974, D. Furth; 1300m, 25.V.1999, L. Friedman; 1450 m, 22.IV.1973, D. Furth; 1500 m, 16.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov; 1600 m, 17.VII.1995, V. Chikatunov; Mt. Dow, Newe Ativ, MH 1350-1800 m (Lopatin et al. 2003). 11. Clytra ovata Lacordaire, 1848 General distribution: Syria, Lebanon, Iraq (Medvedev 1992), the Sinai, Israel (Lopatin et al. 2003). Distribution at MH: 1600 m, 9.VI.1979, F. Kaplan. New record for MH. 12. Clytra rotundata L. Medvedev, 1961 General distribution: Israel (Lopatin et al. 2003). Distribution at MH: Har Dov, 16.VI.1999, A. Freidberg; 1450 m, 25.VI.1997, V. Chikatunov; 1600 m, 17.VII.1995, V. Chikatunov; 1800 m, 12.VI.1996, A. Freidberg; Mt. Dov, MH 1450-1800 m (Lopatin et al. 2003). 13. Coptocephala jaechi Warchalowskii, 1991 General distribution: Jordan, Israel, the Sinai Peninsula (Lopatin et al. 2003). Distribution at MH: Har Dov, 7.VII.1995, V. Chikatunov; MH (Lopatin et al. 2003). 14. Coptocephala unifasciata destinoi Fairmaire, 1884 General distribution: Asia Minor, Syria (Gruev and Tomov 1997), Israel, Jordan (Lopatin et al. 2003). Distribution at MH: Har Dov, 17.VII.1995, V. Chikatunov; 1300 m, 9.VI.1976, A. Freidberg; 1500 m, 16.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov; 1300-1600 m (Lopatin et al. 2003). 15. Labidostomis hebraea Lacordaire, 1848 General distribution: Lebanon (Medvedev 1992), Syria, Israel (Lopatin et al. 2003). Distribution at MH: 1500 m, 16.V.1969, H. Bytinski-Salz; 18.V.1976, D. Simon; 1600 m, 26.IV.1978, D. Furth; 1500-1600 m (Lopatin et al. 2003).

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16. Labidostomis karamanica Weise, 1900 General distribution: Cyprus, Turkey, Syria, Israel (Medvedev 1992). Distribution at MH: 1600 m, 5.V.1979, D. Furth; 23.V.1998, A. Freidberg; 1700 m, 9.VI.1983, A. Freidberg; 1800 m, 9.VI.1976, D. Furth; 2200 m, 2.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov; 1880 m (Medvedev 1992); 1600-2200 m (Lopatin et al. 2003). 17. Smaragdina hellenica (Marseul, 1868) General distribution: Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Turkey, Greece (Rapilly 1983). Distribution at MH: 1400 m, 25.V.1998, Chikatunov; 1800 m, 25.V.1998, Chikatunov; 800 m (Rapilly 1983). 18. Smaragdina limbata (Steven, 1806) General distribution: Georgia, Caucasus, Siberia, Iran, Turkey, Cyprus, Balkans, Syria, Lebanon, Israel (Rapilly 1983), Jordan (Lopatin et al. 2003). Distribution at MH: Newe Ativ, 16.V.1980, M. Rapilly; 1400 m, 22.IV.1973, D. Furth; 1500 m, 16.V.1995, A. Freidberg; 1600 m, 23.V.1994, F. Kaplan and A. Freidberg; 27.VII.1995, V. Chikatunov; 4.V.1999, L. Friedman; 1800 m, 3.VIII.1995, 20.V.1997, V. Chikatunov and L. Friedman; 2100 m, 20.V.1997, V. Chikatunov; 600 m (Rapilly 1983); 1300-1800 m (Lopatin et al. 2003). 19. Smaragdina scutellaris (Lefvre, 1872) General distribution: Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel (Lopatin et al. 2003). Distribution at MH: 1600 m, 4.V.1999, L. Friedman; 1800 m, 25.V.1998, V. Chikatunov; 1600-1800 m (Lopatin et al. 2003). 20. Smaragdina tibialis (Brull, 1832) General distribution: Greece, Turkey (Rapilly 1983), Jordan, Israel (Lopatin et al. 2003). Distribution at MH: Newe Ativ, 15.V.1980, M. Rapilly; 1400 m, 27.V.1999, V. Chikatunov; 1600 m, 23.V.1998, A. Freidberg; 25.V.2001, E. Orbach; 1700 m, 9.VI.1983, A. Freidberg; 1800 m, 15.VI.1993, 18.VII.1995, 25.V.1998, 27.V.1999, V. Chikatunov; 27.V.1999, A. Freidberg; 800 m (Rapilly 1983), 1400-1800 m (Lopatin et al. 2003). 21. Smaragdina viridana (Lacordaire, 1848) General distribution: Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Israel (Medvedev 1992). Distribution at MH: Newe Ativ, 16.V.1980, M. Rapilly; 1500 m, 21.V.1973, D. Furth; 1600 m, 27.V.1986, A. Shlagman; 1800 m, 18.VII.1995, V. Chikatunov; 1800 m, 25.V.1998, V. Chikatunov; 2000 m, 16.VII.1995, V. Chikatunov; 2200 m, 21.VI.1969, H. Bytinski-Salz; MH, 800 m (Rapilly 1983); 1500-2200 m (Lopatin et al. 2003). Cryptocephalinae Gyllenhal, 1813 22. Cryptocephalus bidorsalis Marseul, 1875 General distribution: Lebanon, the Sinai Peninsula, Israel (Lopatin and Chikatunov 1997). Distribution at MH: 1600 m, 17.VI.1999, A. Freidberg; Har Dov (Lopatin and Chikatunov 1997); MH (Lopatin et al. 2003).

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23. Cryptocephalus dahdah Marseul, 1868 General distribution: Syria, Jordan, Israel (Lopatin and Chikatunov 1997). Distribution at MH: Newe Ativ, 4.VI.1974, D. Furth; 7.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov; Nahal Sion, 13.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov; 1400 m, 14.V.1996, V. Chikatunov; 1500 m, 12.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov; 1600 m, 25.VI.1997, V. Chikatunov; 1800 m, 12.VI.1996, A. Freidberg; 1400-2000 m (Lopatin and Chikatunov 1997, Lopatin et al. 2003). 24. Cryptocephalus distinctenotatus Pic, 1901 General distribution: Lebanon, Israel (Lopatin and Chikatunov 1997). Distribution at MH: 1600 m, 4.V.1999, L. Friedman; 1800 m, 12.VI.1996, 27.V.1999, A. Freidberg; 16.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov; 25.V.1998, V. Chikatunov; 1700 m (Lopatin and Chikatunov 1997, Lopatin et al. 2003). 25. Cryptocephalus fulvus schatzmayri Burlini, 1969 General distribution: Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Israel (Lopatin and Chikatunov 1997). Distribution at MH: Newe Ativ, 4.VI.1974, D. Furth; 7.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov; 1600 m, 22.V.1973, D. Furth; 20.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov; 1800 m, 25.X.1977, D. Furth; 1900 m, 22.V.1973, D. Furth; 2000 m, 22.V.1973, D. Furth; 9.VI.1992, A. Freidberg; 1600-2000 m (Lopatin and Chikatunov 1997, Lopatin et al. 2003). 26. Cryptocephalus macellus Suffrian, 1860 General distribution: C. and S. Europe, Turkey, Syria, Israel (Lopatin and Chikatunov 1997). Distribution at MH: 2000 m, 27.IX.1972, 22.V.1973, D. Furth; 4.VI.1992, A. Freidberg; 2000 m (Lopatin and Chikatunov 1997, Lopatin et al. 2003). 27. Cryptocephalus nigellus Lopatin et Chikatunov 1999 General distribution: Israel (Lopatin and Chikatunov 1999). Distribution at MH: 1800 m, 25.V.1998, V. Chikatunov; 12.VI.1996, A. Freidberg; 27.V.1999, A. Freidberg; 27.V.1999, L. Friedman; 2000 m, 26.VI.1997, L. Friedman; 1800-2000 m (Lopatin et al. 2003). 28. Cryptocephalus ochroleucus Stephens, 1834 General distribution: C. and S. Europe, N. Africa, Syria, Israel (Lopatin and Chikatunov 1997). Distribution at MH: 2000 m (Lopatin and Chikatunov 1997). 29. Cryptocephalus peyroni Marseul, 1875 General distribution: Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel (Lopatin and Chikatunov 1997), Turkey (Aslan and zbek 1997). Distribution at MH: 1600 m, 19.V.1983, I. Yarom; MH (Lopatin and Chikatunov 1997, Lopatin et al. 2003). 30. Pachybrachis akbesianus Pic, 1913 General distribution: Syria, Israel (Lopatin and Chikatunov 1997). Distribution at MH: Har Dov, 15.VI.1978, D. Furth; 21.V.1986, A. Freidberg; 1700 m, 16.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov; 1800 m, 12.VI.1996, A. Freidberg; 1800 m, 27.V.1999, A. Freidberg; 15.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov; 1600-1800 m (Lopatin and Chikatunov 1997, Lopatin et al. 2003).

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31. Pachybrachis limbatus (Mntris, 1836) General distribution: Turkey, Syria, Jordan, Israel (Lopatin and Chikatunov 1997). Distribution at MH: 1600 m, 9.VI.1983, Y. Zvik; 25.VI.1997, 23.V.1998, A. Freidberg; 1700 m, 26.VI.1997, A. Freidberg; 1800 m, 12.VI.1996, A. Freidberg; 1800 m, 27.V.1999, A. Freidberg; 25.V.1998, V. Chikatunov; 2000 m, 8.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov; 1650 m, 2000 m (Lopatin and Chikatunov 1997, Lopatin et al. 2003). 32. Pachybrachis mardinensis Weise, 1900 General distribution: E. Mediterranean, Iran (Sassi and Schller 2003). Distribution at MH: 1600 m, 23.V.1998, A. Freidberg; MH (Sassi and Kismali 1999; Sassi and Schller 2003). 33. Pachybrachis nigropunctatus Suffrian, 1860 General distribution: Iran, Iraq, Syria, Afghanistan, C. Asia, Israel (Lopatin and Chikatunov 1997). Distribution at MH: Newe Ativ, Har Dov (Lopatin and Chikatunov 1997). 34. Pachybrachys scripticollis (Faldermann, 1837) General distribution: Armenia, C. Asia, N. Afghanistan, Turkey, Syria, Jordan, Israel (Lopatin and Chikatunov 1997). Distribution at MH: Newe Ativ, 3.VI.1973, D. Furth; Nahal Sion; 13.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov; 1500 m, 31.V.1978, D. Furth; 1700 m, 16.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov; 2100 m, 16.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov; Newe Ativ, Nahal Sion, MH 1600 m, 2100 m (Lopatin and Chikatunov 1997, Lopatin et al. 2003). 35. Pachybrachis tesselatus orientalis Weise, 1894 General distribution: Turkey, Armenia, Syria, Israel (Lopatin and Chikatunov 1997), Lebanon (Sassi and Kismali 1999). Distribution at MH: Har Dov, 15.VII.1978, D. Furth; 1600 m, 2.VII.1986, A. Freidberg; 8.VII.1987, Y. Zvik; 1800 m, 8.VII.1987, A. Freidberg; 25.V.1999, L. Friedman; Har Dov 1600 m, MH 1600-1750 m (Lopatin and Chikatunov 1997, Lopatin et al. 2003). Chrysomelinae Latreille, 1802 36. Chrysolina aeneipennis (Reiche et Saulcy, 1858) General distribution: Syria, the Sinai Peninsula, Israel (Lopatin et al. 2003). Distribution at MH: Newe Ativ, 7.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov; 2000 m, 9.VI.1992, A. Freidberg; 2000 m (Lopatin et al. 2003). 37. Chrysolina anceyi (Marseul, 1868) General distribution: Syria, Lebanon, Israel (Lopatin et al. 2003). Distribution at MH: Nahal Moran, 4.VIII.1976, Y. Hadar; 2100 m, 16.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov; MH (Lopatin et al. 2003). 38. Chrysolina chalcites (Germar, 1824) General distribution: Europe, Circum-Mediterranean, Iran, C. Asia (Chikatunov, unpublished). Distribution at MH: 1500 m, 27.IV.1978, D. Furth; 1600 m, 20.IV.1969, H. Bytinski-Salz; 25.X.1977, D. Furth; 1700 m, 25.X.1977, D. Furth; 1800 m, 25.X.1978, D. Furth; 3.VIII.1995, V.

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Chikatunov; 1900 m, 3.V.1979, D. Furth; 2000 m, 23.IV.1973, H. Bytinski-Salz; 23.V.1978, A. Freidberg; MH (Baudi di Selve 1894, Lopatin et al. 2003). 39. Chrysolina modesta angelica (Reiche, 1878) General distribution: Europe, E. Mediterranean, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, C. Asia (Chikatunov, unpublished). Distribution at MH: Nahal Sion, 13.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov; Newe Ativ, 7.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov; 1500 m, 12.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov; 1600 m, 7.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov; 1800 m, 15.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov; 2000 m, 8.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov; 1500-2000 m (Lopatin et al. 2003). 40. Chrysolina palmyrensis Bechyne , 1955 General distribution: Jordan, the Sinai Peninsula, Lebanon, Israel (Lopatin et al. 2003). Distribution at MH: Newe Ativ, 7.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov; 1300 m, 24.IV.1969, M. Broza; 1650 m, 26.IV.1978, D. Furth; 1900 m, 3.V.1979, D. Furth; 2000 m, 28.X.1968, P. Amitai; 13002000 m (Lopatin et al. 2003). 41. Chrysolina peregrina impavida Bechyne , 1955 General distribution: Jordan, Israel (Lopatin et al. 2003). Distribution at MH: Har Dov, 21.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov; 1500 m, 22.IV.1973, D. Furth; 1600 m, 7.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov; 1800 m, 15.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov; 1900 m, 3.V.1979, D. Furth; 2000 m, 9.IX.1971, M. Broza; 6.V.1975, J. Kugler; 5.V.1977, A. Freidberg; 2100 m, 16.V.1969, H. Bytinski-Salz; 16.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov; 1700-2000 m (Lopatin et al. 2003). 42. Chrysolina polita (Linnaeus, 1758) General distribution: Palearctic (Chikatunov, unpublished). Distribution at MH: 2000 m, 8.IX.1971, H. Bytinski-Salz; 2000 m (Lopatin et al. 2003). 43. Chrysolina syriaca (Weise, 1884) General distribution: Israel (Lopatin et al. 2003). Distribution at MH: 1800 m, 3.VIII.1995, V. Chikatunov; 2000 m, 3.VIII.1995, V. Chikatunov; 2100 m, 16.V.1969, H. Bytinski-Salz; 22.V.1973, D. Furth; 1500-2100 m (Lopatin et al. 2003). 44. Entomoscelis sacra (Linnaeus, 1758) General distribution: Syria, Lebanon, Iran, the Sinai Peninsula, Israel (Chikatunov, unpublished). Distribution at MH: Newe Ativ, 7.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov; 1600 m, 7.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov; 1600 m (Lopatin et al. 2003). 45. Entomoscelis suturalis Weise, 1884 General distribution: E. Europe, Balkans, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Iran, Iraq, China (Gruev 1995), Israel (Lopatin et al. 2003). Distribution at MH: 1500 m, 16.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov; 1600 m, 2.V.1975, 8.VII.1987, J. Kugler; 6.X.1975, A. Freidberg; 8.VII.1987, A. Freidberg; 1700 m, 8.VII.1987, J. Kugler; 1800 m, 8.VII.1987, A. Freidberg; 1900 m, 7.VII.1987, J. Kugler; 2000 m, 27.VI.2000, T. Pavlek; 25.V.1996, R. Hoffman; 2100 m, 26.VI.1997, A. Freidberg; 1500-2000 m (Lopatin et al. 2003).

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46. Gastrophysa polygoni (Linnaeus, 1758) General distribution: Holarctic (Gruev and Tomov 1979). Distribution at MH: 1500 m, 25.VI.1997, V. Chikatunov; 1800 m, 15.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov; 2000 m, 9.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov; 2200 m, 2.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov; 1500-2100 m (Lopatin et al. 2003). Galerucinae Latreille, 1802 47. Calomicrus heydeni (Weise, 1900) General distribution: Turkey, Israel (Chikatunov, unpublished). Distribution at MH: Newe Ativ, 3.V.1979, D. Furth; 1800 m, 25.V.1998, V. Chikatunov; MH (Lopatin et al. 2003). 48. Diorhabda nigrifrons Laboissire, 1914 General distribution: Caucasus, Israel (Chikatunov, unpublished). Distribution at MH: 1350 m, 25.V.1999, L. Friedman; MH (Lopatin et al. 2003). 49. Euluperus hermonensis Lopatin, 1997 General distribution: Israel (Lopatin et al. 2003). Distribution at MH: Har Dov, 21.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov; 1300 m, 23.V.1998, A. Freidberg; 1400 m, 5.V.1979, D. Furth; 1500 m, 21.V.1979, D. Furth; 29.V.1984, I. Yarom; 1600 m, 7.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov; 1700 m, 21.IV.1973, D. Furth; 8.VI.1975, M. Kaplan; 16.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov; 1800 m, 9.VI.1976, D. Furth; 15.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov; 27.V.1999, L. Friedman; 2000 m, 8.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov; 2100 m, 16.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov; 2200 m, 12.VII.1995, V. Chikatunov; 2200 m, 25.VI.1997, V. Chikatunov; 1400 m, 1400-1500 m, 1450 m, 1500-1650 m, 1600 m, 1650 m, 1800 m, 1900 m (Furth 1983); 1750 m (Lopatin et al. 2003). 50. Galeruca interrupta circumdata Duftschmidt, 1825 General distribution: Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Egypt (Chikatunov, unpublished), Turkey (Aslan et al. 2000). Distribution at MH: Nahal Sion, 13.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov; 1400 m, 21.IV.1973, D. Furth; 1500 m, 22.V.1973, D. Furth; 12.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov; 1700 m, 5.V.1979, D. Furth; 1800 m, 3.VIII.1995, V. Chikatunov; 2000 m, 1.VIII.1986, A. Freidberg; 8.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov; 14002100 m (Lopatin et al. 2003). 51. Galeruca spectabilis orientalis Osculati, 1884 General distribution: Turkey, Syria, Iran (Wilcox 1971), Israel. Distribution at MH: 1600 m, 6.IV.1971, M. Broza; 1600-1900 m (Lopatin et al. 2003). 52. Nymphyus ensifer (Guillebeau, 1891) General distribution: Syria, Israel (Lopatin et al. 2003). Distribution at MH: 1300 m, 23.V.1998, A. Freidberg; 1400 m, 5.V.1979, D. Furth; 1500 m, 22.V.1973, D. Furth; 1600 m, 4.V.1999, L. Friedman; 1700 m, 22.V.1973, D. Furth; 1800 m, 20.V.1997, 25.V.1998, V. Chikatunov; 25.V.1999, L. Friedman; 1900 m, 21.V.1979, D. Furth; 2000 m, 8.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov; 12.VI.1996, A. Freidberg; 25.V.1999, L. Friedman; 2100 m, 27.V.1999, V. Chikatunov; 2200 m, 27.V.1999, A. Freidberg; 1800-2200 m (Lopatin et al. 2003).

Leaf Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) of the West and Southwest Facing Slopes... Alticinae Newman, 1834

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53. Altica bicarinata (Kutschera, 1864) General distribution: Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Cyprus, Israel (Furth 1980). Distribution at MH: Zomet Sion, 13.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov; 1400 m, 5.V.1979, D. Furth; 1500 m, 12.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov; MH (Furth 1980). 54. Altica impressicollis (Reiche, 1857) General distribution: Germany, Poland, Austria, Hungary, former Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Corsica, Italy, Caucasus, Transcaspia, Albania, Turkey, Iran, Israel, Syria (Furth 1980). Distribution at MH: MH (Furth 1980). 55. Altica jarmilae Krl, 1966 General distribution: Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey, Georgia, Israel (Furth 1980). Distribution at MH: Newe Ativ, 27.VI.1978, D. Furth; 7.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov; 1800 m, 3.VIII.1995, V. Chikatunov; 1000 m (Furth 1980). 56. Altica oleracea (Linnaeus, 1758.) General distribution: All Europe, Balkans, Turkey, Iran, Caucasus, Turkestan, China, Japan, Korea, Israel (Furth 1980). Distribution at MH: MH (Furth 1980). 57. Aphthona bonvouloiri Allard, 1859 General distribution: C. and S. Italy, Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, Egypt (Furth 1997). Distribution at MH: 1800 m, 18.VII.1995, V. Chikatunov; 1800 m, 25.V.1998, V. Chikatunov. New record for MH. 58. Aphthona euphorbiae (Schrank, 1781) General distribution: W. Europe, Balkans, Turkey, S. Russia, Crimea, Siberia, Kazakhstan, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, Libya, Malta, Morocco (Furth 1997). Distribution at MH: 1600 m, 25.VI.1997, V. Chikatunov; 1800 m, 25.V.1998, V. Chikatunov; 2100 m, 18.V.2001, V. Kravchenko; 2200 m, 2.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov; 2000 m (Furth 1997). 59. Aphthona franzi Heikertinger, 1944 General distribution: C. Italy, Austria, Romania, former Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Turkey, S. Russia, Syria, Israel (Furth 1997). Distribution at MH: 2000 m, 8.VI.1975, A. Freidberg; 1600 m (Furth 1997). 60. Aphthona kuntzei Roubal, 1931 General distribution: Balkans, Crete, Cyprus, Ukraine, Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel (Furth 1997). Distribution at MH: Newe Ativ, 26.VII.1973, D. Furth; 1450 m, 25.VI.1997, V. Chikatunov; 1600 m, 2.VII.1986, G. Eldar; 25.IX.1999, A. Freidberg; 25.VI.1997, V. Chikatunov; 1650 m, 8.VII.1975, A. Freidberg; 16.VIII.1976, M. Kaplan; 1700 m, 22.VI.1973, A. Freidberg; 1750 m, 26.VI.1997, A. Freidberg; 1900 m, 27.VI.1973, D. Furth; 2000 m (Furth 1997).

34

V. Chikatunov and Tom Pavlek

61. Aphthona lutescens (Gyllenhal, 1808) General distribution: W. Europe, north to Scandinavia and England, south to S. France, Sardinia, Italy, east to Balkans, Madeira, S. Russia, Kazakhstan, Siberia, Caucasus, Turkestan, Mongolia, Iran, Turkey, Cyprus, Israel (Furth 1997). Distribution at MH: 1800 m, 3.VIII.1995, V. Chikatunov. New record for MH. 62. Aphthona pygmaea Kutschera, 1861 General distribution: Mediterranean and C. European, north to S. Scandinavia and England, all Adriatic coastal countries, Bulgaria, Turkey, S. Russia, Crimea, Cyprus, Syria, Israel, Jordan, Libya (Furth 1997). Distribution at MH: 2000 m (Furth 1997). 63. Aphthona semicyanea Allard, 1859 General distribution: S. Europe, west to S. France, east to Hungary and Balkans, Turkey, S. Russia, from Kazakhstan to Siberia, E. China, Mongolia, Korea, Japan, Syria, Israel, Morocco (Furth 1997). Distribution at MH: 1900 m (Furth 1997). 64. Chaetocnema chlorophana (Duftschmid, 1825) General distribution: N. and W. France, Austria, former Czechoslovakia, S. Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, former Yugoslavia, Greece, European part of Turkey, Israel (Furth 1985). Distribution at MH: 1900 m (Furth 1985). 65. Chaetocnema concinna (Marsham, 1802) General distribution: N. and C. Europe, C. Italy, former Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Romania, Albania, Turkey, Caucasus, Siberia, Ussur region, Japan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Korea, China, Israel (Furth 1985). Distribution at MH: 1900 m, 2.VIII.1978, D. Furth; 2000 m, 8.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov; 2100 m, 16.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov; 1900-2000 m (Furth 1985). 66. Chaetocnema coyei (Allard, 1863) General distribution: SE Europe, Romania, Bulgaria, former Yugoslavia, Turkey, Greece, S. Russia, Caucasus, Armenia, Iraq, Iran, Syria, Cyprus, Jordan, Israel (Furth 1985). Distribution at MH: 1600 m, 22.V.1973, D. Furth; 1400-1600 m (Furth 1985). 67. Chaetocnema hortensis (Geoffroy, 1785) General distribution: All Europe, N. Africa, Near East, from C. Asia to China, Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, Mongolia, Chad, Sudan, W. Eden Protectorate, Saudi Arabia, Israel (Furth 1985). Distribution at MH: 1400 m, 26.IV.1978, D. Furth; 1400-1900 m (Furth 1985). 68. Chaetocnema scheffleri (Kutschera, 1864) General distribution: Iberian Peninsula, Italy, N. Greece, north to Germany and Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria, former Yugoslavia, S. Russia, Caucasus, Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Algeria, Tunisia, Israel (Furth 1985). Distribution at MH: 1600 m (Furth 1985).

Leaf Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) of the West and Southwest Facing Slopes...

35

69. Chaetocnema tibialis (Illiger, 1807) General distribution: Iberian Peninsula, C. Europe, SW Germany, Austria, former Czechoslovakia, S. Poland, S. Russia, Caucasus, Kazakhstan, Romania, Bulgaria, former Yugoslavia, Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tadzhikistan, Kirgistan, Syria, Jordan, Israel (Furth 1985). Distribution at MH: 1600 m, 27.IX.1972, D. Furth; 1650 m, 26.VII.1973, D. Furth; 2000 m, 27.IX.1972, D. Furth; 1000-2000 m (Furth 1985). 70. Dibolia carpathica Weise, 1893 General distribution: S. Kazakhstan, Hungary, Israel (Furth 1997). Distribution at MH: 1800 m, 25.V.1998, V. Chikatunov; 2200 m, 25.VI.1997, V. Chikatunov; 1800 m (Furth 1997). 71. Dibolia depressiuscula Letzner, 1845 General distribution: C. and E. Europe, north to S. Scandinavia, south to Italy, former Yugoslavia, Greece, Hungary, Bulgaria, Turkey, S. Russia, Caucasus, Turkestan, Kazakhstan, Jordan, Israel (Furth 1997). Distribution at MH: 1750 m (Furth 1997). 72. Dibolia phoenicia Allard, 1866 General distribution: E. Europe, S. Rusia, Balkans, Hungary, Turkey, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel (Furth 1997). Distribution at MH: 1500 m (Furth 1997). 73. Dibolia rufofemorata Reitter, 1896 General distribution: Turkey, Cyprus, Jordan, Syria, Israel (Furth 1997). Distribution at MH: 1600 m, 22.V.1973, D. Furth; 21.V.1973, A. Freidberg. New record for MH. 74. Epitrix dieckmanni Mohr, 1968 General distribution: Iran, Jordan, Israel, Saudi Arabia (Furth 1997). Distribution at MH: 800 m (Furth 1997). 75. Hermaeophaga ruficollis (Lucas, 1849) General distribution: Mediterranean Europe, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tadzhikistan, Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Cyprus, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, N. Africa, Sudan, Chad, Nigeria, Guinea, Senegal, Mauritania, India, Sri Lanka (Furth 1997). Distribution at MH: Newe Ativ, 5.V.1979, D. Furth; 1200 m, 5.V.1979, D. Furth; 1600 m, 7.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov. New record for MH. 76. Longitarsus albineus (Foudras, 1860) General distribution: S. Europe north to C. France and N. Italy, east to Balkans, Poland, Crimea, S. Russia, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, Cyprus, Israel, Egypt, Algeria, Morocco (Furth 1979b). Distribution at MH: 1600 m, 9.VI.1975, M. Kaplan; 31.VIII.1984, A. Freidberg; 2.VII.1985, G. Eldar; MH (Furth 1979b).

36

V. Chikatunov and Tom Pavlek

77. Longitarsus alfierii Pic, 1911 General distribution: Spain, former Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, S. Russia, Israel, Lebanon, Jordan, Egypt, Algeria (Furth 1979b). Distribution at MH: 1600 m, 24.IV.1978, D. Furth; MH (Furth 1979b). 78. Longitarsus allotrophus Furth, 1979 General distribution: Jordan, Israel (Furth 1979b). Distribution at MH: 1600 m, 26.IV.1978, D. Furth; 26.VI.1997, V. Chikatunov; 23.V.1998, A. Freidberg; 1800 m, 27.V.1999, L. Friedman; 1400 m, 1600 m, 1650 m (Furth 1979b). 79. Longitarsus anchusae (Paykull, 1799) General distribution: Europe, Turkey, S. Russia, Ukraine, Iran, Syria, Israel, Jordan, Morocco, Algeria (Furth 1979b). Distribution at MH: MH (Furth 1979b). 80. Longitarsus aramaicus Leonardi, 1979 General distribution: Israel (Chikatunov, pers. comm.). Distribution at MH: 1600 m, 26.VI.1997, V. Chikatunov; 1700 m, 23.VI.1973, A. Freidberg; 2000 m, 19.VI.1973, A. Freidberg. New record for MH. 81. Longitarsus ballotae (Marsham, 1802) General distribution: Ireland, C. and S. Europe, northwest: up to France and England, southwest: up to Spain, east: up to the Balkans, Poland, Turkey and S. Russia, Ukraine, Cyprus, Syria, Israel, from Morocco to Tunisia, Jordan (Furth 1979b). Distribution at MH: 1600 m, 26.IV.1978, D. Furth; 20.V.1983, Y. Zvik; 26.VI.1997, V. Chikatunov; 1800 m, 25.V.1998, V. Chikatunov; 27.V.1999, A. Freidberg; 2000 m, 3.VIII.1995, V. Chikatunov; 2200 m, 25.VI.1997, V. Chikatunov; MH (Furth 1979b). 82. Longitarsus bytinskii Furth, 1979 General distribution: Israel (Furth 1979b). Distribution at MH: 1400 m, 5.V.1979, D. Furth; 1800 m, 23.IV.1973, D. Furth; 1900 m, 22.V.1973, D. Furth; 2200 m, 22.V.1973, D. Furth; 1800 m, 1900 m, 2000 m (Furth 1979b). 83. Longitarsus dimidiatus Allard sensu Doguet 1976 General distribution: France, Italy, Greece, former Yugoslavia, Turkey, Afghanistan, Armenia, Tadzhikistan, Iraq, Israel, Egypt, Libya (Furth 1979b). Distribution at MH: MH (Furth 1979b). 84. Longitarsus emarginatus Weise, 1893 General distribution: Israel, Jordan (Furth 1979b). Distribution at MH: MH (Furth 1979b). 85. Longitarsus fuscoaeneus Redtenbacher, 1849 General distribution: C. and E. Europe, Italy, Poland, Balkans, Turkey, Russia, Uzbekistan, Iran, Syria, Israel, Jordan (Furth 1979b). Distribution at MH: MH (Furth 1979b).

Leaf Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) of the West and Southwest Facing Slopes...

37

86. Longitarsus hermonensis Furth, 1979 General distribution: Israel (Furth, 1979b). Distribution at MH: 1600 m, 20.IX.1979, D. Furth; 31.VIII.1984, A. Freidberg; 2.VII.1986, G. Eldar; 1750 m, 26.VI.1997, A. Freidberg; 1800 m, 27.V.1999, A. Freidberg; 2000 m, 8.VIII.1974, F. Nachbar; 6.VIII.1986, A. Freidberg; 2100 m, 6.IX.2001, V. Kravchenko; 1600 m, 2000 m (Furth 1979b). 87. Longitarsus karlheinzi Warchalowski, 1969 General distribution: Turkey, Israel (Furth 1979b). Distribution at MH: 1600 m, 26.VI.1997, V. Chikatunov; 25.IX.1999, A. Freidberg; 1750 m, 26.VI.1997, A. Freidberg; 1800 m, 18.VII.1995, V. Chikatunov; 1900 m, 24.X.1977, D. Furth; 2000 m, 12.VII.1973, D. Furth; 1000-1600 m (Furth 1979b). 88. Longitarsus lateripunctatus Rosenhauer, 1856 General distribution: Mediterranean Islands, S., C. and E. Europe, east : up to Balkans, Crimea, Cyprus, Israel, Algeria, Morocco (Furth 1979b). Distribution at MH: 1800 m, 25.V.1998, V. Chikatunov; MH (Furth 1979b). 89. Longitarsus linnaei (Duftschmid, 1825) General distribution: S. and C. Europe, Romania, Poland, Balearic Isls., Italy, Balkans, S. Russia, Crimea, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Turkey, Syria, Israel (Furth 1979b). Distribution at MH: 2000 m, 16.V.2003, V. Chikatunov; MH (Furth 1979b). 90. Longitarsus luridus (Scopoli, 1763) General distribution: All Europe, NW Africa, Siberia, C. Mongolia, Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Cyprus, Syria, Israel, Jordan (Furth 1997b). Distribution at MH: 1600 m, 22.V.1973, D. Furth; 1800 m, 25.V.1998, V. Chikatunov; 1900 m, 22.V.1973, D. Furth; 2000 m, 22.V.1973, D. Furth; MH (Furth 1979b). 91. Longitarsus lycopi (Foudras, 1860) General distribution: All Europe, Turkey, S. Russia, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Iran, Turkey, Cyprus, Syria, Israel, Jordan, Yemen, Chad, Saudi Arabia, from Tunisia to Morocco (Furth, 1979b). Distribution at MH: 1600 m, 25.IX.1999, A. Freidberg; 2000 m, 8.VIII.1974, F. Nachbar; MH (Furth 1979b). 92. Longitarsus membranaceus (Foudras, 1860) General distribution: Europe, west: up to Portugal and England, north: up to Germany and Hungary, Poland, Italy, Balkans, Ukraine, N. Iran, Cyprus, Israel, Balearic Isls., Malta, Morocco to Tunisia (Furth, 1979b). Distribution at MH: 1600 m, 25.IX.1999, A. Freidberg; 2000 m, 22.VI.1973, 12.VIII.1973, A. Freidberg; MH (Furth 1979b). 93. Longitarsus nanus (Foundras, 1860) General distribution: C. Europe, north: up to France, Germany, Poland, Mediterranean Europe: up to Balkans, Israel, Algeria (Furth 1979b). Distribution at MH: MH (Furth 1979b).

38

V. Chikatunov and Tom Pavlek 94. Longitarsus nigrilividus (Furth, 1979) General distribution: Israel (Furth 1979b). Distribution at MH: New Ativ (Furth 1979b).

95. Longitarsus nigrofasciatus (Goeze, 1777) General distribution: C. and S. Europe, Balkans, Turkey, S. Russia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Iran, Jordan, Israel, Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Canary and Madeira Isls. (Furth 1979b). Distribution at MH: Newe Ativ, 26.IV.1974, D. Furth; 1500 m, 8.VIII.1974, F. Nachbar; 6.V.1975, F. Kaplan; MH (Furth 1979b). 96. Longitarsus nimrodi Furth, 1979 General distribution: Israel (Furth 1979b). Distribution at MH: 800 m (Furth 1979b). 97. Longitarsus obliteratus Rosenhauer, 1856 General distribution: C. and S. Europe, Turkey, S. Russia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Afghanistan, N. Iran, Syria, Israel, Jordan, Algeria, Morocco (Furth 1979b). Distribution at MH: 1600 m, 26.VI.1997, V. Chikatunov; MH (Furth 1979b). 98. Longitarsus pellucidus (Foudras, 1869) General distribution: Europe, S. Russia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Afghanistan, Turkey, Iran, Syria, Cyprus, Israel, Jordan, from Morocco to Tunisia, W. Mediterranean Isls. and Madeira (Furth 1979b). Distribution at MH: 1450 m, 25.VI.1997, V. Chikatunov; 1500 m, 8.VIII.1974, F. Nachbar; 1600 m, 17.VII.1995, V. Chikatunov; 1600 m, 26.VI.1997, V. Chikatunov; 25.IX.1999, A. Freidberg; 1650 m, 24.X.1977, D. Furth; 1700 m, 22.V.1973, D. Furth; 1800 m, 25.X.1977, D. Furth; 18.VII.1995, V. Chikatunov; 1900 m, 12.VIII.1973, D. Furth; 2000 m, 19.VI.1973, D. Furth; 22.VI.1973, A. Freidberg; MH (Furth 1979b). 99. Longitarsus pratensis (Panzer, 1794) General distribution: All Europe up to Balkans, Turkey, S. Russia, Kazakhstan, Siberia, Afghanistan, N. Iran, Israel, N. Africa, Canary Isls. (Furth 1979b). Distribution at MH: MH (Furth 1979b). 100. Longitarsus rectilineatus (Foudras, 1860) General distribution: Italy, Austria, Switzerland, Hungary, former Czechoslovakia, Poland, former Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Turkey, Georgia, Caucasus, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, N. Iran, Afghanistan, Syria, Cyprus, Israel (Furth 1979b). Distribution at MH: 1600 m, 26.IV.1978, D. Furth; 1650 m, 2.VII.1980, D. Furth; 1800 m, 27.VI.1978, D. Furth; 2100 m, 18.V.2001, V. Kravchenko; MH (Furth 1979b). 101. Longitarsus strangulatus (Foudras, 1860) General distribution: ?Spain, Italy, Malta, from Morocco to Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Israel, Jordan (Furth 1979b). Distribution at MH: 2200 m, 25.VI.1997, V. Chikatunov. New record for MH.

Leaf Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) of the West and Southwest Facing Slopes...

39

102. Longitarsus suturalis (Marsham, 1802) General distribution: C. and S. Europe, Balkans, Crimea, S. Russia, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Algeria, Morocco, Balearic Isls. (Furth 1979b). Distribution at MH: 1500 m, 22.V.1973, D. Furth; 1600 m, 25.VI.1997, V. Chikatunov; 1800 m, 13.VIII.1973, D. Furth; 8.VI.1975, A. Freidberg; 25.V.1998, V. Chikatunov; 1900 m, 22.V.1973, D. Furth; 1900 m, 27.VI.1973, D. Furth; 1900 m, 11.IX.1973, D. Furth; 2000 m, 19.VI.1973, F. Nachbar; 9.VI.1975, A. Freidberg; 22.V.1973, D. Furth; 8.VI.1975, M. Kaplan; 8.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov; 2200 m, 25.VI.1997, V. Chikatunov; 27.V.1999, A. Freidberg; MH (Furth 1979b). 103. Longitarsus tabidus (Fabricius, 1775) General distribution: Europe, Turkey, Cyprus, S. Russia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Japan, Afghanistan, Israel, from Morocco to Tunisia (Furth 1979b). Distribution at MH: 1750 m, 26.VI.1997, A. Freidberg; 2000 m, 6.VIII.1986, A. Freidberg; MH (Furth 1979b). 104. Longitarsus truncatellus Weise, 1893 General distribution: Greece, Turkey, Israel, Jordan (Furth 1979b). Distribution at MH: Newe Ativ, 26.IV.1974, D. Furth; 1450 m, 27.IV.1973, D. Furth; 1650 m, 23.IV.1973, D. Furth; 800-1700 m (Furth 1979b). 105. Mantura judaea Heikertinger, 1951 General distribution: Israel (Furth 1997). Distribution at MH: 1600 m, 25.VI.1997, V. Chikatunov; 2200 m, 25.VI.1997, V. Chikatunov; 800 m (Furth 1997). 106. Ochrosis ventralis (Illiger, 1807) General distribution: C. and S. Europe, Balkans, S. Russia, Turkey, Iran, Cyprus, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, N. Africa, Canary and Madeira Isls. (Furth 1997). Distribution at MH: 1600 m, 6.VII.1987, F. Kaplan; 25.VI.1997, V. Chikatunov; 2000 m (Furth 1997). 107. Phyllotreta aerea Allard, 1859 General distribution: All Europe (except northern part and Scandinavia), Turkey, S. Russia, former Yugoslavia, Israel, Morocco, USA (Furth 1979a). Distribution at MH: 1600 m, 14.V.1996, V. Chikatunov; 1600-1900 m (Furth 1979a). 108. Phyllotreta bulgarica Gruev, 1977 General distribution: Bulgaria, Israel (Furth 1979a). Distribution at MH: 1900 m, 22.V.1973, D. Furth; 2000 m, 23.IV.1973, D. Furth; 1650-2000 m (Furth 1979a). 109. Phyllotreta corrugata Reiche et Saulcy, 1857 General distribution: Mediterranean Europe, Turkey, S. Russia, Turkmenistan, NW Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Egypt including the Sinai Peninsula, from Morroco to Tunisia, Israel (Furth 1979a).

40

V. Chikatunov and Tom Pavlek

Distribution at MH: Newe Ativ, 26.IV.1974, D. Furth; 1300 m, 23.IV.1982, I. Yarom; 2200 m, 22.V.1973, D. Furth; 2000 m (Furth 1979a). 110. Phyllotreta erysimi Weise, 1900 General distribution: Romania, former Yugoslavia, Greece, Turkey, Crimea, Siberia, Iran, Afghanistan, Israel (Furth 1979a). Distribution at MH: 1600 m, 5.V.1979, D. Furth; 23.IV.1982, A. Freidberg; 1400-1600 m (Furth 1979a). 111. Phyllotreta fallaciosa Heikertinger, 1941 General distribution: Spain, Morocco, Algeria, Turkey, Cyprus, Jordan, the Sinai Peninsula, Israel (Furth 1979a). Distribution at MH: Newe Ativ, 26.IV.1974, D. Furth; 1000 m (Furth 1979a). 112. Phyllotreta hermonensis Furth, 1979 General distribution: Israel (Furth, 1979a). Distribution at MH: 1600 m, 26.VI.1997, V. Chikatunov; 1900 m, 2.VIII.1973, D. Furth; 1900 m, 11.IX.1973, D. Furth; 2200 m, 25.VI.1997, V. Chikatunov; 1900 m, 2000 m (Furth 1979a). 113. Phyllotreta latevittata Kutschera, 1860 General distribution: Greece, Iraq, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Afghanistan, Syria, Cyprus, Lebanon, Jordan, Egypt, Malta, Israel (Furth 1979a). Distribution at MH: Newe Ativ, 26.VII.1973, D. Furth; 1600 m, 25.VI.1997, V. Chikatunov; 1100 m (Furth 1979a). 114. Phyllotreta nigripes (Fabricius, 1775) General distribution: All Europe east of Greece and Turkey, Cyprus, S. Russia, Turkmenistan, Iran, Israel, Egypt, from Morocco to Tunisia (Furth 1979a). Distribution at MH: 1900 m, 22.V.1973, D. Furth; 1900 m, 19.VI.1973, D. Furth; 9.VII.1987, F. Kaplan; 2000 m, 22.V.1973, 12.VIII.1973, D. Furth; 2000 m, 27.VI.1973, 12.VIII.1973, D. Furth; 19.VI.1973, A. Freidberg; 2200 m, 25.VI.1997, V. Chikatunov; 16002000 m (Furth 1979a). 115. Phyllotreta procera (Redtenbacher, 1849) General distribution: C. and Mediterranean Europe, east up to USSR, Turkey, Iran, Israel, Egypt, Ethiopia, Algeria, from Tunisia to Morocco, Canary and Madeira Isls. (Furth 1979a). Distribution at MH: 2000 m (Furth 1979a). 116. Podagrica malvae (Illiger, 1807) General distribution: W. Europe, Balkans, Turkey, S. Russia, Iran, Iraq, Cyprus, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, from Tunisia to Morocco (Furth 1997). Distribution at MH: 1600 m, 25.VI.1997, V. Chikatunov; 1700 m, 22.V.1973, D. Furth; 1800 m, 3.VIII.1995, V. Chikatunov; 2100 m, 16.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov; 1600-2000 m, 1750 m (Furth 1997).

Leaf Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) of the West and Southwest Facing Slopes...

41

117. Psylliodes chrysocephala (Linnaeus, 1758) General distribution: All Europe, Caucasus, Russia, Siberia, Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Cyprus, Israel, from Morocco to Tunisia (Furth 1983). Distribution at MH: Newe Ativ, 4.VI.1974, D. Furth; 1600 m, 23.V.1998, A. Freidberg; 2000 m (Furth 1983). Comments: Furth (1983) differentiates between P. chrysocephala var. colaris Weise, 1888 and P. c. var. peregrina Weise, 1888. 118. Psylliodes circumdata (W. Redtenbacher, 1842) General distribution: S. Europe, north: up to mid-France, Austria, east: up to Balkans, Sardinia, Corsica, Turkey, Crimea, Caucasus, S. Russia, Iran, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, from Morocco to Libya (Furth 1983). Distribution at MH: 1500 m, 8.VIII.1974, F. Nachbar; 2000 (Furth 1983). 119. Psylliodes cuprea (Koch, 1803) General distribution: Europe, Ukraine, S. Russia, Caucasus, Transcaspia, Mongolia, Iran, Syria, Cyprus, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, from Morocco to Tunisia (Furth 1983). Distribution at MH: Newe Ativ, 26.IV.1974, D. Furth; Har Dov, 16.VI.1999, H. Ackerman; 1500 m, 22.V.1973, D. Furth; 1600 m, 22.V.1973, D. Furth; 25.VI.1997, V. Chikatunov; 1650 m, 21.V.1973, A. Freidberg; 1700 m, 26.VI.1997, L. Friedman; 1800 m, 12.VI.1996, A. Freidberg; 1800 m, 26.V.1999, A. Freidberg; 25.V.1999, L. Friedman; 25.V.1998, V. Chikatunov; 2000 m, 27.V.1999, L. Friedman; 2100 m, 18.V.2001, V. Kravchenko; 2000 m (Furth 1983). 120. Psylliodes drusei Furth, 1983 General distribution: Israel (Furth 1983). Distribution at MH: 1600 m, 25.X.1977, D. Furth; 1600 m, 20.VI.1979, D. Furth; 25.VI.1997, V. Chikatunov; 1650 m, 8.VII.1975, A. Freidberg; 1800 m, 18.VII.1995, V. Chikatunov; 2000 m, 27.V.1999, L. Friedman; 1000 m, 1600 m, 1650 m, 1700 m, 1800 m, 1900 m (Furth 1983). 121. Psylliodes elliptica Allard, 1861 General distribution: E. Mediterranean (Chikatunov, pers. comm.). Distribution at MH: 1300 m, 21.V.2002, L. Friedman; 1950 m, 16.V.2003, V. Chikatunov. New record for MH. 122. Psylliodes hermonensis Furth, 1983 General distribution: Israel (Furth 1983). Distribution at MH: 1500 m, 14.VI.1997, D. Furth; 1600 m, 25.X.1977, D. Furth; 1600 m, 20.VI.1979, D. Furth; 25.VI.1997, V. Chikatunov; 1400 m, 1400-1500 m, 1450 m, 1500-1650 m, 1600 m, 1650 m, 1800 m, 1900 m (Furth 1983). 123. Psylliodes hyoscyami (Linnaeus, 1758) General distribution: Europe, east: up to Balkans, Turkey, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Siberia to Transbaikalia, Iraq, Cyprus, Syria, Israel, Jordan, Algeria, Tunisia (Furth 1983). Distribution at MH: Newe Ativ, 4.VI.1974, D. Furth; 2000 m, 28.X.1968, P. Amitai; 2200 m, 26.VI.1997, L. Friedman; 1600 m (Furth 1983).

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V. Chikatunov and Tom Pavlek

124. Psylliodes inflata Reiche et Saulcy, 1857 General distribution: Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, Spain, from Morocco to Libya, Sicily, Malta (Furth 1983). Distribution at MH: 1600 m, 22.V.1973, D. Furth; 1600 m, 14.VI.1978, D. Furth; 25.VI.1997, V. Chikatunov; 1900 m, 22.V.1973, D. Furth; 2200 m, 22.V.1973, D. Furth; 2000 m (Furth 1983). 125. Psylliodes instabilis Foudras, 1860 General distribution: Europe, Turkey, Israel, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco (Furth 1983). Distribution at MH: 2000 m, 6.VIII.1986, A. Freidberg; 1400-2000 m (Furth 1983). 126. Psylliodes sophiae Heikertinger, 1914 General distribution: Europe, S. Russia, from Caucasus to Kazakhstan, Siberia, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Iran, Lebanon, Israel, Moroccco (Furth 1983). Distribution at MH: 1500 m, 16.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov; 1700 m, 9.VI.1983, A. Freidberg; 1900 m, 22.V.1973, D. Furth; 2000 m, 22.V.1973, D. Furth; 2000 m (Furth 1983). 127. Psylliodes testaceoconcolor Heikertinger, 1926 General distribution: Lebanon, Israel (Furth 1983). Distribution at MH: 1600 m (Furth 1983). 128. Sphaeroderma rubidum (Gralls, 1858) General distribution: Europe, Circum-Mediterranean (Chikatunov, unpublished). Distribution at MH: 1600 m, 26.VI.1997, A. Freidberg. New record for MH. Hispinae Gyllenhal, 1813 129. Hispa atra Linnaeus, 1767 General distribution: Large part of the Palearctic, from west and north of Europe up to Asia Minor and Turkestan, also in N. Africa (Bordy 2000). Distribution at MH: 1500 m, 24.V.1983, A. Freidberg; 1600 m, 13.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov; 1400-2000 m (Lopatin et al. 2003). 130. Dicladispa testacea (Linnaeus, 1767) General distribution: Mediterranean basin, S. Europe, N. Africa, up to Syria and the Middle East, up to the Atlantic Ocean, along the coasts of Spain, Portugal and S. France (Bordy 2000). Distribution at MH: 1600 m, 30.V.1978, D. Furth; 20.V.1986, G. Eldar; 2000 m, 22.V.1973, A. Freidberg; 2000 m, 11.VII.1977, A. Freidberg; 1500-2100 m (Lopatin et al. 2003). Cassidinae Gyllenhal, 1813 131. Cassida palaestina Reiche et Saulcy, 1858 General distribution: Near East, Armenia, C. Asia, Israel (Borowiec et al. 1997). Distribution at MH: 1500 m, 16.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov; 2000 m, 3.VIII.1995, V. Chikatunov; MH (Borowiec et al. 1997), 1500-2000 m (Lopatin et al. 2003).

PENSOFT Publishers Notes on the Sofia Moscow

Konstantinov, Tishechkin, Penev (eds.) 2005 Genus Strumatophyma Baly with the Description of New Species 43 Contributions to a Systematics and Biology of Beetles Papers Celebrating the 80th Birthday of Igor Konstantinovich Lopatin, pp. 43-51

Notes on the Genus Strumatophyma Baly with the Description of a New Species (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Chrysomelinae)
Mauro Daccordi
Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, via Giolitti, 36, 10123 Torino, Italy

ABSTRACT
Strumatophyma lopatini new species from Karridale, W. Australia is described. It is close to S. verrucosa (Clark). Remarks on these rare and poorly known Australian Chrysomelinae are given.

KEY WORDS
Chrysomelidae, Strumatophyma, Western Australia, new species, key.

INTRODUCTION H. Clark (1864) described Chalcolampra verrucosa based on one male which he received from Stevens, coming from the Damels collection, labelled Australia. The type is preserved in the collections of The Natural History Museum in London. A second specimen, a female, was subsequently described by H. Clark (1865) as Chalcolampra undulatipennis. That specimen has a more precise label: Swan River, and is also preserved in the collections of The Natural History Museum. In 1871, J. S. Baly proposed the genus Strumatophyma for C. verrucosa and C. undulatipennis. He separated this genus from Chalcolampra ...by the apterous body, soldered elytra and simple claws. Baly did not comment on the anterior coxal cavities (closed in Chalcolampra, open in Strumatophyma), or on the peculiar morphological modifications in the first and second abdominal segments and in the trochanters of the hind legs of the males. These important features place Strumatophyma in a unique position among all Chrysomelinae. T. Blackburn (1889) mentioned one specimen of S. undulatipennis collected near P. Lincoln (Australia), that differed from the type in lacking a reddish color on the sternites and antennae, because it was probably not fully sclerotized. Specimens of Strumatophyma are particularly rare in collections, at least in European ones. They often come from old collectings and lack of precise locality data. The first scholar who proposed a tentative arrangement of all Chrysomelinae previously described genera was F. Chapuis (1874). His great work has to be considered a preliminary attempt and he writes it so: Le nombre des genres de la tribu si importante des Chrysomlides est relativement assez restreint. Ils sont, en gnral assez difficiles caractriser et grouper dune

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manire satisfaisante. Quoi quil en soit, lavenir pourra modifier le tableau analythique que nous exposons ci-dessous. (p. 363). In his work Chapuis includes Strumatophyma and Clidonotus in a separate group, Clidonotites, based on the shape of the very short metasternum, the open anterior coxal cavities, the elytra soldered, and the posterior angles of the pronotum not prolonged to embrace the base of the elytra. Weise (1915) gave more importance to the characters of the beetle claws and placed Strumatophyma in the tribe Phaedonini based on its simple claws. Clidonotus was placed to the tribe Phyllodectini (Weise 1915) because of its double claws. Weise (1915) insists that his system must be considered artificial Die nachfolgende bersicht ist fr den neuen Coleopt. Cat. aufgestellt, dient also nur praktischen Zwecken (pag. 434). I will not use this occasion to discuss Weises or Chapuiss classifications or to propose something new, only to draw attention to what is necessary for a much wider study, to try to understand the phylogenetic relationships inside the Chrysomelinae. Obviously phylogenetic studies cannot rely only on a few characters, particularly adaptive ones, such as the shape of the claws. However most genera containing many species have only a few characters that are shared by all the members (Daccordi 1994). Throughout time, as new taxa are described, it becomes apparent that not all the characters used at the beginning to establish the genus are present in all newly discovered members. Of course this is not a novelty. Lamarck (1806) already pointed out the fact that as the number of species increases, we lose information necessary to clearly separate the different genera to which all species should be assigned: Je le rpte, plus nos collections senrichissent, plus nous rencontrons des preuves que tout est plus ou moins nuanc, que les diffrences remarquables svanouissent, et que le plus souvent la nature ne laisse notre disposition pour tablir des distinctions, que des particularits minutieuses et en quelque sorte puriles (page 95). The genus Strumatophyma is quite well differentiated from other chrysomeline genera by several characters. Some of these characters have been observed earlier (Daccordi 1994), particularly the features of the 1st and 2nd abdominal segments of the males, and the unusual apophyses on the trochanters of the hind legs (Figs. 1-4). Not knowing anything about biology and behavior of these insects, one can only propose some hypotheses. Since these characters are sexually dimorphic, it is likely that they function in a sexual content. It is hard to imagine that a structure such as a scraper produces acoustic signals. Another option is that various apophyses could be depositories of pheromone producing glands or they could be related to a habitat differing from that of the females. However without observing beetles in their natural environment, these are all pure speculations. STRUMATOPHYMA BALY, 1871 Diagnosis: Body elongate, ovoid. Color chestnut, brown or blackish with violet shades. Antennae slender, with elongated antennomeres. Maxillary palpi with last palpomere wide, enlarged in circular section. Eyes protruding, elevated above head surface. Prothorax wide, with setiferous pore at hind angles. Elytra elongate, fused, covered with prominent verrucae. Metathoracic wings missing. Ventral parts of pronotum without grooves. Anterior coxal cavities open. In males, abdomen with hollows on first two segments and wide furrow in middle of last sternite. Last sternite has free margin deeply incised on sides. In males trochanters of hind legs have apophysis with a few large hairs on free apex emerging from deep wide pores. Simple claws, even if enlarged at base. Remarks:The genus Strumatophyma is unique in having an unusual shape of the 1st and 2nd abdominal sternites of males and modification of the trochanters of the hind legs. The presence of verrucae on the beetle elytra suggests an affinity with some species of the genus Iscadida Chevrolat,

Notes on the Genus Strumatophyma Baly with the Description of a New Species

45

Fig. 1. Strumatophyma undulatipennis (Clark), abdomen, male. Fig. 2. S. undulatipennis, abdomen, particular of 1st and 2nd abdominal sternites. Fig. 3. S. undulatipennis, apophysis of hind trochanter in male. Fig. 4. S. undulatipennis, apophysis of hind trochanter in male, at high magnification in frontal view.

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1.0 mm

2.

1.0 mm

Fig. 5. Iscadida strumifera (Stl), elytra. Fig. 6. Algoala nodulipennis (Wollaston), elytra. Fig. 7. Trachymela papuligera (Stl), elytra. Fig. 8. Trachymela armata (Blackburn), elytra.

as well as with Algoala nodulipennis (Wollaston) of South Africa. However Iscadida and Algoala have closed anterior coxal cavities, the pygidium with a median groove, the last maxillary palpomere short, thin, with the free end narrow, and the eyes not prominent. The elytral verrucae also differentially shaped: in Strumatophyma they always bear a puncture, sometimes very large, on the top (Figs. 10 11), in Iscadida (Fig. 5) and Algoala (Fig. 6) this is missing (Daccordi, 1983). A few species of Trachymela Weise [T. papuligera (Stl) (Fig. 7), T. insoles (Blackburn), but in particular T. armata (Blackburn)] have the elytral surface with lifted verrucae, in the case of T. armata, almost pointed and without the puncture on the top (Fig. 8). Trachymela is a speciose genus of australian Paropsina, well characterized by the shape of the sternal parts, by the elytra covered with plaques and flat verrucae, and by the maxillary palpi enlarged and truncated with a more or less narrowed ellipsoidal section. Some species of Thaumalegastra Daccordi share some characters with Strumatophyma (Daccordi 1994, 2000). In this taxon, however, the elytral teguments are smooth, shiny, and lacking verrucae or sculptures. The elytral verrucae, which increase elytral surface in Strumatophyma, in several of the South African species of Iscadida, in Algoala nodulipennis and in the few above-mentioned species of Trachymela, could be interpreted as an adaptation, enabling these species to face remarkable daily thermic excursions in savannah environments. Perhaps the presence of verrucae could also be explained as a mimetic phenomenon with particular fruits, or as a kind of defensive phenomenon. But without data on beetle habitats, life habits, and the biology of larvae and adults, a functional meaning of these elytral verrucae remains unknown. At present I propose to consider Strumatophyma to be close to Thaumalegastra in the Callidemum Calomela complex in the Chrysomelina subtribe. KEY FOR THE DETERMINATION OF STRUMATOPHYMA FEMALES 1. Disc of pronotum with irregular surface covered with large punctures, sometimes foveoliform, displayed on uniform micropunctation. Sides of prothorax sinuous at base. Elytra with prominent verrucae, each with large, deep puncture on top; elytral surface tuberculate, with large punctures between verrucae. Last sternite without reliefs ................................................. 2

1.0 mm

Notes on the Genus Strumatophyma Baly with the Description of a New Species

47

Disc of pronotum with sparse punctures on thick uniform micropunctation. Sides of pronotum gently arched (Fig. 13). Elytra with flat or hardly prominent verrucae, each with small puncture on top; elytral surface flattened with small punctures between verrucae (Fig. 9). Abdomen wide; last sternite with two round, wide reliefs in middle (Fig. 16). ......... undulatipennis (Clark) 2. Body shape tapered (Fig. 10). Antennae long (Fig. 19). Pronotum enlarged, weakly sinuous at hind angles (Fig. 14). Abdomen elongated (Fig. 18). Stylus long, well sclerotized (Fig. 26). .... ......................................................................................................................................... verrucosa (Clark) Body shape ovoidal (Fig. 11). Antennae short (Fig. 20). Pronotum smaller, deeply sinuous at hind angles (Fig. 15). Abdomen oval (Fig. 17). Stylus short, wide (Fig. 25). ......... lopatini n. sp.

STRUMATOPHYMA LOPATINI N. SP. (Figs. 11, 12, 15, 17, 20, 22, 24, 25, 27) Diagnosis: Body ovoid with maximum height in hind third. Length 7.6 mm, width 4.2 mm. Wingless. Disc of pronotum with sparse punctures. Elytra covered with high verrucae, each one with large puncture on top. Coxa short and wide. Description of holotype: Body chestnut ventrally; brownish with some purple and bluish black reflexion dorsally. Labrum narrow, with row of setiferous punctures in middle; clypeus narrow with large punctures grouped on sides, with small area in middle lacking punctures; mandibles robust, protruding, quadrangular; last maxillary palpomere enlarged, circular on apical margin (Fig. 12); prementum narrow; eyes elongate, prominent and elevated above head surface with internal margin sinuate; temples straight, punctured; frons wide with sparse punctures distinctly grouped in short groove placed close to anterior external margin of eye; antennal toruli wide, elevated, outlined by large dense punctures in area between lateral margin of clypeus and internal margin of eye; antennae short, reaching beyond base of prothorax, with narrow and slender antennomeres (Fig. 20).

1.0 mm

1.0 mm

10

1.0 mm

11

Fig. 9. Strumatophyma undulatipennis, habitus. Fig. 10. S. verrucosa (Clark), habitus. Fig. 11. S. lopatini n. sp., habitus.

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Prothorax wide, transverse (width 3.4 mm, length 1.8 mm) with large deep punctures denser on lateral margins and towards posterior angle. Latter distinctly acute. Surface scabriculous on sides with deep and wide incisions, disc with slight micropunctation and some large, sparse punctures arranged here and there in groups of three or four. Margins broadly arcuate, at base sinuate making hind angles acute, protruding, each one with distinct setiferous pore; anterior angles wide, blunt, weakly prominent (Fig. 15). Prosternal appendix with the free margin straight, slightly enlarged between the coxae, incavate, with deep setiferous pores. Anterior coxal cavities open.

0.2

mm

14 12 13
mm 1.0

15
mm

16

1.0
1.0 mm

18 17 Fig. 12. S. lopatini, maxillary palpus. Fig. 13. S. undulatipennis, lateral side of pronotum, schematic,. Fig. 14. S. verrucosa, lateral side of pronotum. Fig. 15. S. lopatini, lateral side of pronotum. Fig. 16. S. undulatipennis, abdomen, schematic, in ventral view. Fig. 17. S. lopatini, abdomen, in ventral view. Fig. 18. S. verrucosa, abdomen, in ventral view.

Notes on the Genus Strumatophyma Baly with the Description of a New Species

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1.0 mm

0.5 mm

23

0.05 mm

24

20 21 19

22

0.1

mm

27

0.1

mm

0.2

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26 25 Fig. 19. S. verrucosa, antenna. Fig. 20. S. lopatini, antenna, Fig. 21. S. verrucosa, hind tarsi. Fig. 22. S. lopatini, hind tarsi. Fig. 23. S. verrucosa, claw. Fig. 24. S. lopatini, claw. Fig. 25. S. lopatini, stylus. Fig. 26. S. verrucosa, stylus. Fig. 27. S. lopatini, spermatheca. Fig. 28. S. verrucosa, spermatheca.

28

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Mauro Daccordi

Scutellum small, triangular, smooth. Elytra fused, shortly elongated, with maximum height in posterior third, covered with large prominent verrucae arranged in rows; large isolated puncture on top of each verruca. Elytral surface shiny with large sparse punctures between verrucae (Fig. 11). Epipleura wide, flat, thinner close to apex, without setae and with surface transversally incised. Mesosternum elongate anteriorly with wide furrow, large sparse setiferous punctures present on straight posterior margin. Metasternum bordered, narrow, excavate along anterior margin, covered with sparse setiferous punctures, incised medially by a thin line. Metepisterna with sparse punctures. Abdominal sternites with sparse setiferous punctures, first sternite with apex enlarged, with two symmetrical depressions on sides of anterior margin. Sides of sternites have some falciform grooves, wider on anterior sternites. Last segment with wide furrow in middle and slightly sinuate posterior margin (Fig. 17). Posterior margin of 8th tergite with dense long hairs. Pygidium wide, not incised in middle, with posterior margin slightly sinuate. Legs slender, femora narrow and elongated; tibiae thin, elongated, with dense short hairs at distal end; tarsi slender, first metatarsomere particularly elongate (Fig. 22), all with thick continuous sole of hairs. Claws simple, slightly enlarged and broadly sinuate at base (Fig. 24). Stylus straight, sclerified, short and enlarged (Fig. 25). Spermatheca as in Fig 27. Male unknown. Remarks: S. lopatini is close to S. verrucosa based on its prominent elytral verrucae and strong punctation. It can be differentiated based on the following characters: body ovoidal (Fig. 11), antennae short (Fig. 20), pronotum smaller, deeply sinuous at hind angles (Fig. 15); posterior tarsi are narrower and shorter; claws are larger (Fig. 23); stylus longer, stronger and curved; spermatheca more dilated basally (Fig. 27). This new species comes from open forest environments where the dominant plants are Eucalyptus marginata Donn ex Smith and E. calophylla R. Br. (Jarrah Marri). Along with these species there are Acacia sp. (wattle, Fam. Mimosaceae), Allocasuarina (sheoak, fam. Casuarinaceae), and Banksia sp. (banksia, Fam. Proteaceae). It is probable that the other Strumatophyma species are associated with savannah habitats. For S. undulatipennis collection data is known in Mallee shrubland with a dense understory of Melaleuca low shrubs at Norseman (W. Australia). Etymology: This species is dedicated with warmth and deep esteem to prof. I. Lopatin of Minsk (Belorussia), as a homage to his work on Chrysomelidae, particularly of Central Asian, and to his profound knowledge of arid environments. Material Examined: 1 , holotype, W Australia, Karridale, II 1959, leg. H. Demarz (Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel, Switzerland). 3 , same data as holotype (2 Basel, 1 authors collection, Turin, Italy). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work was accomplished only thanks to the courtesy, patience and availability of friends and colleagues. I remember with particular sympathy and gratefulness Dr. Alex Kostantinov of the Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA, ARS, c/oNational Museum of Natural History, Washington D.C. (U.S.A.); Dr. Eric Matthews of the South Australian Museum, Adelaide (Australia); Dr. Sharon L. Shute of The Natural History Museum of London (UK); and Mr. Roberto Pace, Monteforte dAlpone (Verona) for the drawings of the Strumatophyma species habitus illustrating this work.

Notes on the Genus Strumatophyma Baly with the Description of a New Species LITERATURE CITED

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Baly, J. S. 1871. Descriptions of new genera, and some recently discovered species of Australian Phytophaga. Transactions of the Entomological Society, 3: 381-400. Blackburn, T. 1889. Notes on Australian Coleoptera with Descriptions of New Species, Part III. Proceedings of the Linnean Society, New South Wales, 4: 445-482. Chapuis, F. 1874. In : Lacordaire. Histoire naturelle des Insectes. Genera des Coloptres. Vol. 10. Paris: 1-455. Clark, H. 1864. Descriptions of New Australian Phytophaga. Journal of Entomology, 11: 247-263. Clark, H. 1865. Descriptions of New Phytophaga from Western Australia.Transactions of the Entomological Society, 2(3): 401-421. Daccordi, M. 1983. Osservazioni critiche e descrizione di tre nuove specie del genere Iscadida. Revue de Zoologie Africaine, 97(4): 705-720. Daccordi, M. 1994. Notes for Phylogenetic study of Chrysomelinae with description of new taxa and a list of all the known genera, pp. 60-84. In: Furth D. G. (ed.). Proceedings of the third International Symposium on the Chrysomelidae. Beijing 1992. Backhuys, Leiden. 150 pp. Daccordi, M. 2000. New Australian Chrysomelinae taxa (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae, Chrysomelinae). Bollettino, Museo Regionale Scienze Naturali, Torino, 17(1): 187-204. Lamarck, J. B. 1806. Discours douverture dun cours de Zoologie prononc en prairial an 11 au Musum dHistoire Naturelle; sur la question quest - ce que lespce parmi les corps vivans ? Reprinted in: Bulletin Scientifique de la France et de la Belgique (1907), 40: 1-157. Weise, J. 1915. bersicht der Chrysomelini. Deutsche Entomologisce Zeitschrift, 4: 434-436.

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PENSOFT Publishers Contribution Sofia Moscow

Konstantinov, Tishechkin, Penev (eds.) 2005 to the Knowledge of the Genus Aphthonoides Jacoby, and 1885... 53 Contributions to Systematics Biology of Beetles Papers Celebrating the 80th Birthday of Igor Konstantinovich Lopatin, pp. 53-80

Contribution to the Knowledge of the Genus Aphthonoides Jacoby, 1885 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Alticinae)
M. Doeberl
Seeweg 34, D-93326 Abensberg, Germany

ABSTRACT
The following new species of the genus Aphthonoides Jacoby are described in this paper: A. bergeali (Sumatra), A. bhutanensis (Bhutan), A. burckhardti (Borneo), A. keralaensis (India), A. konstantinovi (India), A. langbianus (Vietnam), A. lopatini (China), A. pilosellus (Thailand), A. prathapani (India), A. sprecherae (China), A. sumatranus (Sumatra), A. taiwanicus (Taiwan), A. vietnamicus (Vietnam) and A. warchalowskii (Philippines). A key for all known Aphthonoides species together with illustrations of main characters and a world catalog are provided.

KEY WORDS
Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Alticinae, Aphthonoides, new species, key, catalog, Oriental Region.

INTRODUCTION The genus Aphthonoides was desribed by Martin Jacoby (1885) based on a dozen of specimens collected by the Italian entomologist Odoardo Beccari in Java. Heikertinger (1940) provided a detailed description of the genus, but he didnt mention its systematic position. Seeno and Wilcox (1982) placed Aphthonoides between the Oriental genera Parazipangia Ohno, 1965 and Aphthonella Jacoby, 1889. Some years before, Scherer (1969) reviewed the Indian species of the genus and mentioned various modifications of the elytral striae 5 and 6. He also described (Scherer 1989) Himalayan species of the genus and found a remarkable variability of the aedeagi in A. himalayensis. Medvedev (1984) recognized sexual dimorphism of the elytral apex in A. himalayensis. Wang (1992) described the first species with pubescent elytra (A. pubipennis). Leucosyke sp. (Urticaceae) was recorded as a host plant for A. beccarii in Java (Reid 1998). Aphthonoides species are mainly distributed in the Oriental Region with Japan (Kyushu) as its northern most record (Table 1 and Map 1). At present no Aphthonoides species is known from the islands of Sri Lanka, Celebes or the Little Sunda-Islands. The type species of Aphthonoides is A. beccarii JACOBY, 1885 (Fig. 1), the gender is masculine (ICZN: sec. Art. 30.1.4.4). The most striking character for this genus can be found on the hind leg, the long swordlike spur connected to a very short tibia (Fig. 2). This spur is longer than the hind tarsus. The beetle body is oval, oblong-ovate or subparallel sided. The specimens are 1.2 3.0 mm long, unicolorous black or redbrown, but the elytra of the brown specimens often are

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Table 1. Distribution of Aphthonoides species in main regions of Asia


Bhutan Borneo (Sarawak) Burma China (Fukien) China (Guangxi) China (Hainan Isl.) China (Hupeh) China (Sichuan) China (Yunnan) India (Kerala) India (Tamil Nadu) India (W Bengal) Indonesia (Java) Indonesia (Sumatra) Japan (Kyushu) Laos Nepal Philippines Taiwan Thailand Tibet Vietnam distrib in ... countries

species armipes beccarii bergeali nov. sp. beroni besucheti bhutanensis nov. sp. burckhardti nov. sp. carinipennis castaneus fulmeki himalayensis keralaensis nov. sp. konstantinovi nov. sp. langbianus nov. sp. laticollis latipennis lesagei lopatini nov. sp. ovipennis piceus pilosellus nov. sp. prathapani nov. sp. pubipennis rotundipennis rugiceps sagaris schereri sprecherae nov. sp. sumatranus nov. sp. taiwanicus nov. sp. vietnamicus nov. sp. warchalowskii nov. sp.

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 2 3 1 5 1 x x x x x x x x x x

2 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 x 1 1 3 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 x 3 1 1 1 1 x 1 1

number of species 1

1 7 2 3 2 1 3

Contribution to the Knowledge of the Genus Aphthonoides Jacoby, 1885...

55

with barely distinct light spots. Antennae eleven-segmented, filiform; antennomere 2 as thick as 1, 3, and antennomere 4 being the smallest. Eyes round, maxillary palpi oblong, frontal lines more or less distinct; preocular lines and frontal tubercles absent. Pronotum without impressions (except for A. castaneus), square shaped, somewhat broader than long, sometimes diverging or converging anteriorly, often somewhat strigose-punctate, with a long seta in each corner. Scutellum small. In wingless species (less common) humeral calli lacking (Fig. 81), in winged species humeral calli distinct (Fig. 31). Elytra with eleven regular striae of punctures, scutellar stria sometimes absent. In wingless species striae 5 and 6 short, often join together and do not reach elytral base (Fig. 81). Interspaces usually flat on disc of elytra, but distinctly raised on sides. Upper side mostly glabrous, except a few species with pubescent elytra. Prosternal process broad, anterior coxal cavities open behind. Hind tibiae very short and provided with the characteristic apical spur. The first metatarsomere longer than following ones together. Claws appendiculate.

Map 1. Distribution of genus Aphthonoides Jacoby, 1885.

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Males and females are hard to separate from dorsal view. Commonly males are slightly smaller than females, having the first pro- and mesotarsomere wider than that of females. The apex of the last abdominal sternite of males is often with a lobe (Figs. 42, 60). In most species the spermathecal pump forms coils of various shapes (Figs. 10, 13). Aphthonoides is related to Serraphula Jacoby, 1897 from Africa. They are very similar in habitus and also share a long swordlike spur on the hind tibia (Fig. 3). However the spur in Serraphula does not exceed the hind tarsi in length as it clearly does in Aphthonoides. MATERIAL AND METHODS All descriptions and illustrations are made under 50 x magnification. Some aedeagi are strongly curved in lateral view, so that the view of the ventral side is somewhat distorted. To compensate for that I provide an additional view, with the longitudinal axis 45 degrees rotated. Measurements of the pronotum were taken in vertical view to the centre of the disc (Fig. 4); drawings of the apex of the elytra were made in vertical view to the suture near the end of the elytra (Fig. 4). For better comparision all aedeagi are illustrated at the same length; their true length is given in the legends to the Figures. The given scales in the Figures of spermathecae correspond to 0.1 mm. The following abbreviations for depository collections are used throught this manuscript: AWPC = A. Warchalowski, Wroclaw/Poland CNCI = Canadian National Collection, Ottawa/Canada KDPI = K. D. Prathapan, Trivandrum/India MBVF = M. Bergeal, Versailles/France MCSN = Museo Civico die Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria, Genova/Italy MDGC = M. Doeberl, Abensberg/Germany MHNG = Museum dHistoire Naturelle Genve/Switzerland NHMB = Naturhistorisches Museum Basel/Switzerland NHMW = Naturhistorisches Museum Wien/Austria NKME = Naturkundemuseum Erfurt/Germany SMNS = Staatliches Museum fr Naturkunde, Stuttgart/Germany USNM = National Museum of Natural History, Washington/USA ZMUC = Zoological Museum Copenhagen/Denmark ZSM = Zoologische Staatssammlung, Mnchen/Germany KEY FOR DETERMINATION The following key is based on the examination of actual specimens of most species. However A. castaneus, A. latipennis and A. pubipennis remained unknown to me. I included them in the key based on the characters provided in their original descriptions. 1 (46) Winged species; elytron with distinct humeral callus. 2 (5) Elytron distinctly pubescent; black; with basal area raised, bounded behind by depression. 3 (4) Interspaces strongly raised, with double row of semi-erect and posteriorly directed hairs. Pronotum 1.5 times as broad as long. Elytra broadly ovate; 5-6 basal antennomeres, anterior and middle legs, hind tibiae and tarsi yellowish brown. Elytra broad, humeral calli prominent. General view (Fig. 75). Length = 1.4 mm. China (Yunnan) ........... pubipennis Wang, 1992

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10

1 7

11 2 3

12

17

16 4 13 14 15 Figs. 1-17. (1 ex Kimoto & Takizawa 1994; 2 and 3 ex Maulik 1929; 17 ex Gruev 1985). 1, 8-10 Aphthonoides beccarii general view (1); aedeagus (L = 0,53 mm) ventral (8); lateral (9); spermatheca (10); - 2, 3 hind leg Aphthonoides spec. (2); Serraphula spec. (3); - 4 schematic view on pronotum and on apex of elytra; - 5-7 Aphthonoides armipes - aedeagus (L = 0,63 mm) ventral (5); lateral (9); apex of elytra (10); - 11-13 A. bergeali n. sp. - aedeagus (L = 0,73 mm) ventral (11); lateral (12); spermatheca (13); -14-17 A. beroni aedeagus (L = 0,62 mm) ventral (14); lateral (15); spermatheca (16); habitus (17)

58 4 (3)

M. Doeberl

Interspaces weakly raised, more distinctly on sides. Interspaces with single row of semierect, posteriorly directed and ventrally bent fine hairs. Pronotum 1.25 times as broad as long. Antennae and legs yellowish brown. Antennae gradually darkened beginning from antennomere 5; labrum and hind femora dark brown. Elytra elliptical, with distinct humeral calli. Apex of elytra sligthly truncated (Fig. 70). Aedeagus and spermatheca (Figs. 71-74). Length = 1.70 mm. Thailand .................................................................... pilosellus nov. spec. 5 (2) Elytra glabrous, without distinct pubescence. 6 (15) Elytra light brown (including light chestnut brown) to reddish brown. 7 (10) Pronotum narrow, not more than 1.3 times as broad as long. 8 (9) Body narrow; pronotum diverging anteriorly, humeral calli very small. Body light chestnut brown, elytra behind base with transverse row of indistinct spots, lighter than surrounding; antennae and legs yellowish brown, four basal antennomeres light, following dark. Leg articulations, metatarsomeres and spurs light. Frontal lines weakly developed. Elytra oblong oval, scutellar stria with 4 punctures. Punctures in striae strongly impressed; striae 5 and 6 join together. Interspaces nearly as broad as striae, weakly raised, more distinctly on sides. Aedeagus and spermatheca (Figs. 14-16). Length of males 1.3 mm; females longer (1.52.0 mm). Nepal .......................................................... beroni Gruev, 1985 (see also entry 48) 9 (8) Body broad; pronotum with sides slightly rounded; humeral calli convex. Body uniformly yellow-brown, labrum blackish, apical antennomeres 6 to 7 slightly darker than basal antennomeres 4 to 5 light. Elytra elliptical, scutellar row with 6 - 7 punctures; punctures of striae regular and deep up to elytral apex; row 7 deeply impressed on base, separates convex humeral calli from disc. Interspaces flat. Sutural angles narrowly and separately rounded (Fig. 27). Aedeagus and spermatheca (Figs. 23-26). Length = 1.65 mm. Indonesia (Borneo) .................................................................................................. burckhardti nov. spec. 10 (7) Pronotum broad, not more than 1.4 times as broad as long. 11 (12)Frons with narrow groove in middle. Body oval, reddish testaceous dorsally; antennae, protibiae and protarsi pale yellow; profemora, metatibiae, metatarsi and spurs somewhat darker. Labrum with transverse row of four long, pale, subadpressed hairs. Pronotum with sides rounded, broadest in middle. Elytral interspaces finely punctured. Scutellar stria long, ending in 1/3 of elytra length. Sutural angles rounded. Length = 1.90-2.15 mm. Aedeagus and spermatheca (Figs. 85-87). China (Hainan Isl.), Laos, Vietnam .......... .................................................................................................. sagaris Gressitt et Kimoto, 1963 12 (11)Frons without groove in middle. 13 (14)Dorsum chestnut red; antennae, front and middle legs pale flavous; hind legs brown, femora more or less piceous dorsally. Pronotum with sides parallel; surface finely, rugosely and very closely punctate. Elytra broad, with humeral calli distinctly raised; more strongly punctate than pronotum. Interspaces somewhat costate, each with row of fine punctures. Length = 2.0 mm. China (Guangxi) ................................... latipennis Chen et Wang, 1980 14 (13)Dorsum brown with weak bronzy gloss; antennae and legs dirty yellowish, antennae gradually darkening toward apex; metafemora light brown with lighter apex. Pronotum as coarsely rugose as elytral striae. Elytra suboval, with moderately convex humeral calli. Striae regular, except for 2 or 3 next to suture. Interspaces with very fine punctures, flat, lateral interspaces slightly keeled. Aedeagus and spermatheca (Figs. 58, 59, 63), last abdominal sternite (Fig. 60), apex of elytra (Figs. 61, 62). Length = 1.75-2.00 mm. China (Yunnan) .......................................................................................................... lopatini nov. spec.

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19

18

20

21

22

24 28 23

25

26 27

29

30

32

31

33

34

Figs. 18-34. (29, 30 ex Scherer 1989: 31 ex Heikertinger1940). 18, 19 Aphthonoides besucheti head (18); apex of elytra (19); - 20-22 A. bhutanensis n. sp. spermatheca (20); aedeagus (L = 0,60 mm) ventral (21); lateral (22); - 23-27 A. burckhardti n. sp. spermatheca (23); aedeagus (L = 0,63 mm) ventral (24); longitudinal axis rotated 45 (25); lateral (26); apex of elytra (27); - 28-30 A. carinipennis spermatheca (28); aedeagus (L = 0.47 mm) ventral (29); lateral (30); - 31-34 A. fulmeki general view (31); spermatheca (32); aedeagus (L = 0.55 mm) ventral (33); lateral (34)

60

M. Doeberl

15 (6) Elytra dark chestnut brown to black. 16 (25)Elytra dark chestnut brown to piceous. 17 (20)Sides of pronotum subparallel. 18 (19)Dorsum piceous to blackish, antennae testaceous with four apical segments piceous; legs pitch brown with articulations and spur of metatibiae lighter. Antennae as long as two thirds of entire body. Pronotum at most 1.5 times as broad as long; finely and rugosely punctured. Elytra with humeral calli moderately developed and not clearly separated from disc by furrow. Striae with distinctly impressed punctures. Interspaces smooth and flat on disc. Epipleurae narrow but distinct up to apex. Aedeagus and spermatheca (Figs. 8, 9, 10). Length 1.5 mm. China (Hupeh, Fukien), Japan (Kyushu), Java, Philippines (Mindanao, Luzon), Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand ...................................................... beccarii JACOBY, 1885 19 (18)Dorsum dark chestnut brown, antennae and legs yellowish, except for hind femora slightly brownish. Pronotum finely punctured and wrinkled. Anterior angles shortly oblique, posterior angles with denticle. Elytra with humeral calli distinct, not separated from disc by impression. Interspaces flat. Aedeagus and spermatheca (Fig. 76-78). Length = 1.501.85 mm. India (Kerala). ........................................................................ prathapani nov. spec. 20 (17)Sides of pronotum converging anteriorly, or rounded and broadest in middle. 21 (22)Sides of pronotum converging anteriorly. Dorsum piceous, antennae and legs yellowish brown, metafemora and labrum darkened. Pronotum 1.45 times as broad as long. Elytra oval, humeral calli distinct, separated from disc by shallow impression. Scutellar stria with 6-7 fine punctures; striae with punctures moderately impressed, fading behind middle. Interspaces smooth and flat at disc, laterally slightly convex. Last abdominal sternit in males deeply notched (Fig. 109). Aedeagus and spermatheca (Figs. 108, 110, 111). Length = 1.3 mm. Philippinen (Luzon) ..................................................... warchalowskii nov. spec. 22 (21)Sides of pronotum rounded, broadest in middle. 23 (24)Dorsum piceous, antennae and legs yellowish-brown; 4-5 basal antennomeres light. Scutellar stria of punctures short, with only 3-4 punctures. Striae with moderately impressed punctures, not fading behind middle. Interspaces smooth, slightly costate on disc and on sides. Sutural angle rectangular. Aedeagus and spermatheca (Figs. 20-22). Length = 1.201.45 mm. Bhutan. ................................................................................... bhutanensis nov. spec. 24 (23)Dorsum piceous to blackish; labrum, antennae and legs yellow; hind femora piceous with apex light. Scutellar striae with 6-7 fine punctures. Striae regular, with fine punctures, fading behind middle; interspaces broad and flat. Aedeagus and spermatheca (Figs. 1113). Length = 1.45-1.65 mm. Sumatra. ..................................................... bergeali nov. spec. 25 (16)Elytra black. 26 (31)Elytral interspaces convex on disc. 27 (30)Elytra narrowly elongate. 28 (29)Body length 1.5 mm; basal antennomeres yellow-brown; front and middle legs, metatibiae and tarsi dark brown. Vertex rugosely punctate. Antennae with terminal 3-4 segments thickened. Pronotum about 1.4 times as broad as long, densely and rugosely punctate. Upperside somewhat flattened. China (Yunnan), India ..................... rugiceps Wang, 1992 29 (28) Body length 2-3 mm; dorsum bronzish black; legs dark but tinged with fulvous, four basal antennomeres flavous, rest piceous. Head and pronotum rugosely punctate. Elytra about 3 times as long as pronotum. Apical margin of elytra in males flat, obtusely rounded at apex (Fig. 7). Aedeagus (Figs. 5, 6). NE-Burma, Thailand, Tibet ............... armipes Bryant, 1939

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40

41 39

35

36 37 38 42

45

46 43 44

47

48

49

50

51

52 57 53 54 55 56 Figs. 35-57. (37, 38 ex Scherer, 1989). 35-42 Aphthonoides himalayensis aedeagus (L = 0.50 mm) ventral (35); lateral (36); aedeagus ventral (37); lateral (38); spermatheca (39); apex of elytra (40); (41); last abdominal sternite (42); - 43-45 A. keralaensis n. sp. aedeagus (L = 0.70 mm) ventral (43); lateral (44); spermatheca (45); - 46-48 A. konstantinovi n. sp. spermatheca (46); aedeagus (L = 0.65 mm) ventral (47); lateral (48); - 49-51 A. langbianus n. sp. aedeagus (L = 0.80 mm) ventral (49); lateral (50); spermatheca (51); - 52-54 A. laticollis spermatheca (52); aedeagus (L = 0.65 mm) ventral (53); lateral (54); -55-57 A. lesagei aedeagus (L = 0.50 mm) ventral (55); lateral (56); spermatheca (57)

62

M. Doeberl

30 (27)Elytra oval, body length 1.5 mm ......................... beccarii Jacoby, 1885 (see also entry 18) 31 (26)Elytral interspaces flat on disc. 32 (33)Sides of pronotum distinctly diverging anteriorly (Fig. 31). Antennae and legs dark, basal antennomeres 4-5 yellowish. Head and pronotum finely strigose. Elytra with regular striae of moderately impressed punctures. Humeral calli separated from disc by impression. Aedeagus and spermatheca (Figs. 32-34). Length = 1.5-1.8 mm. Sumatra .......................... ........................................................................................................... fulmeki Heikertinger, 1940 33 (32)Sides of pronotum not distinctly diverging anteriorly. 34 (35)Sides of pronotum converging anteriorly. Pronotum more than 1.5 times broader than long. Basal antennomeres yellowish brown, darker beginning from antennomere 5; legs pitch brown, with lighter articulations. Elytra broad oval, with moderately impressed and regular striae of punctures. Humeral calli distinct, not separated from disc by deep furrow. Interspaces flat. Aedeagus and spermatheca (Figs. 52-54). Length = 1.5 mm. Sumatra ... .......................................................................................................... laticollis Heikertinger, 1940 35 (34)Sides of pronotum not converging anteriorly. 36 (41)Sides of pronotum rounded, broadest in middle. 37 (38)Elytra elongate-oval, base somewhat raised. Elytra near apex often with brownish gloss; antennae and legs yellow; profemora basally slightly obscured, metafemora black, with lighter apex . Humeral calli small, but distinct. Scutellar stria with 6-7 punctures. Striae with regular striae of distinctly impressed punctures; inner striae somewhat confused near base. Interspaces somewhat broader than striae, flat at disc, convex laterally. Aedeagus and spermatheca (Figs. 43-45). Length = 1.65-1.80 mm. India (Kerala) .............................. ..................................................................................................................... keralaensis nov. spec. 38 (37)Elytra oval, base not raised. Basal antennomeres light. 39 (40)Pronotum 1.5 times as broad as long; humeral calli convex, clearly separated from disc by impression. Antennae brown with apical antennomeres darker; legs with tibiae and apical spine of posterior tibiae dark brown. Head with vertex finely chagreened, nearly impunctate; frontal lines deep. Antennomeres 3 to 6 of equal length. Elytra strongly convex, striae on posterior half obsoletely impressed. Interspaces smooth, shining, not costate. Aedeagus and spermatheca (Figs. 55-57). Length 1.5 mm. Taiwan. ............. lesagei Kimoto, 1996 40 (39)Pronotum 1.3 times as broad as long; humeral calli small, not clearly separated from disc. Antennae and legs dirty yellow, 6 or 7 apical antennomeres darker; basal part of profemora dark, metafemora black with apices light. Base of elytra not raised. Scutellar stria with 56 punctures. Striae regular, except for striae 1-3 in basal third somewhat confused. Interspaces somewhat broader than striae. Sutural angles of elytra in males rounded (Fig. 51). Aedeagus (Figs. 49, 50). Length = 1.70 mm. Vietnam. ............ langbianus nov. spec. 41 (36)Sides of pronotum straight, subparallel; humeral calli convex, clearly separated from disc. 42 (43)Base of elytra somewhat raised. Antennae bicolorous, with basal antennomeres 4-5 yellowish-brown, rest gradually darkened. Legs yellowishbrown, profemora with basal half dark, metafemora piceous. Pronotum 1.4 times as broad as long, with surface finely punctured and strigose. Scutellar striae with 5-6 punctures. Striae regular, with distinctly impressed punctures. Apex of elytra (Fig. 106). Last abdominal sternite of males (Fig. 107). Aedeagus and spermatheca (Figs. 103-105). Length = 1.70-1.85 mm. Vietnam. ................................................................................................................... vietnamicus nov. spec. 43 (42)Base of elytra not raised. Antennae unicolorous yellow.

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60

63

61

62 58 59

64

65

66

70

71 69 67 68 72 73 74

78

75

76

77

79

80

Figs. 58-80. (75 ex Wang 1992; 79, 80 ex Scherer 1989); - 58-63 Aphthonoides lopatini n. sp. aedeagus (L = 0.78 mm) ventral (58); lateral (59); last abdominal sternite (60); apex of elytra (61); (62); spermatheca (63); - 64-66 A. ovipennis spermatheca (64); aedeagus (L = 0.65 mm) ventral (65); lateral (66); - 67-69 A. piceus aedeagus (L = 0.48 mm) ventral (67); lateral (68); apex of elytra (69); - 70-74 A. pilosellus n. sp. apex of elytra (70); spermatheca (71); aedeagus (L = 0.68 mm) ventral (72); longitudinal axis rotated 45 (73); lateral (74); - 75 A. pubipennis general view; - 76-78 A.prathapani aedeagus (L = 0.66 mm) ventral (76); lateral (77); spermatheca (78); - 79-80 A. rotundipennis aedeagus (L = 0.49 mm) ventral (79); aedeagus lateral (80)

64

M. Doeberl

44 (45)Length = 1.4 mm. Pronotum 1.3 times as broad as long. Legs yellow with metafemora brownish. Elytra oval; humeral calli distinct. Scutellar stria short. Striae with moderately impressed punctures, somewhat confused near base, fading behind middle. Aedeagus and spermatheca (Figs. 96-98). Indonesia (Sumatra) .............................. sumatranus nov. spec. 45 (44)Length = 1.5-1.8 mm. Pronotum 1.4 times as broad as long. Legs yellowish, with metafemora piceous. Scutellar stria long, with 6-7 fine punctures. Striae distinct with fine punctures, distinct till apex. Aedeagus and spermatheca (Figs. 46-48). India (Kerala). ..... ................................................................................................................ konstantinovi nov. spec. 46 (1) Apterous species; elytron without humeral callus. 47 (52)Sides of pronotum distinctly diverging anteriorly. 48 (49)Elytra bicolorous, with pattern, shining black with narrow, curved, yellow, basal stripe; general view (Fig. 17). Length = 1.3-2.0 mm. Nepal (if humeral calli visible, see entry 8) ......................................................................................................................... beroni Gruev, 1985 49 (48)Elytra unicolorous, without pattern. 50 (51)Elytral interspaces distinctly convex. Dorsum uniformely reddish brown; labrum and tarsi of hind legs, and basal antennomeres dirty yellowish brown; labrum and tarsomeres slightly obscured; metafemora pitch brown. Body broad oval (Fig.81). Pronotum about 1.35 times as broad as long. Sutural angles of elytra in males and females differ in shape (Figs. 83, 84). Aedeagus and spermatheca (Figs. 79, 80, 82). Length 1.3 mm. Nepal ...................... ....................................................................................................... rotundipennis Scherer, 1969 51 (50)Elytral interspaces only very slightly convex. Dorsum dark pitch brown, tarsomeres dirty yellowish brown. Pronotum about 1.45 times as broad as long. Sutural angles of elytra round (Fig. 69). Aedeagus (Figs. 67, 68). India (West Bengal), Nepal ................................... ........................................................................................................................ piceus Scherer, 1989 52 (47)Pronotum with sides only slightly diverging anteriorly, or broadest in middle. 53 (56)Elytra with interspaces on disc flat. 54 (55)Pronotum 1.45 times as broad as long, with very fine punctures. Elytra uniformly black. Antennae and legs light, metafemora darkened. Scutellar stria of elytra present. Apex of elytra (Fig. 102). Aedeagus and spermatheca (Figs. 99-101). Length = 1.45 mm. Taiwan ..................................................................................................................... taiwanicus nov. spec. 55 (54) Pronotum 1.2. times as broad as long, with distinct longitudinal punctures. Elytra pitchy black (in males) or dark brown ( in females). Antennae and legs yellowish. Scutellar stria of elytra absent. Apices of elytra in males and females differ in shape (Figs. 40, 41).Last abdominal sternite in males with a rounded impression (Fig. 42). Aedeagus and spermatheca (Figs. 3539). Length = 1.2-1.3 mm. Nepal (Kathmandu). ..................... himalayensis Medvedev, 1984 56 (53)Elytral interspaces on disc convex. 57 (58)Lateral interspaces extremely convex. Head and pronotum reddish brown; elytra shiny, dark pitch brown; mouthparts, antennae, and legs bright reddish brown. Apex of elytra slightly truncate. Aedeagus and spermatheca (Figs. 28-30). Length = 1.25-1.50 mm. Nepal. ........................................................................................................... carinipennis Scherer, 1989 58 (57)Elytral interspaces not extremely convex. 59 (64)Scutellar stria present; antennae unicolorous light. 60 (63)Scutellar stria short, only with 3-4 punctures. Frontal lines sharply impressed. 61 (62)Sutural margin distinctly raised in the basal third of elytra. Dorsum brown, hind femora with apical half darkened; elytra on disc as dark as head. Vertex finely chagreened, with

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82

85

83

81

84

86

87

91 90 89 88 93 92 94

98 95

101

96

97

99

100

102

Figs. 81-102. (81, 83 ex Scherer 1989); - 81-84 Aphthonoides rotundipennis general view (81); spermatheca (82); apex of elytra (83); (84); - 85-87 A. sagaris spermatheca (85); aedeagus (L = 0,86 mm) ventral (86); lateral (87); - 88-91 A. schereri head (88); aedeagus (L = 0,74 mm) ventral (89); lateral (90); spermatheca (91); - 92-95 A. sprecherae n. sp. spermatheca (92); aedeagus (L = 0,66 mm) ventral (93); lateral (94); apex of elytra (95); - 96-98 A. sumatranus n. sp. aedeagus (L = 0.66 mm) ventral (96); lateral (97); spermatheca (98); - 99-102 A. taiwanicus n. sp. aedeagus (L = 0.56 mm) ventral (99); lateral (100); spermatheca (101); apex of elytra (102)

66

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107 105

108

103 104 106 109 110 111 Figs. 103-111. 103-107 Aphthonoides vietnamicus n. sp. aedeagus (L = 0.77 mm) ventral (103); lateral (104); spermatheca (105); apex of elytra (106); last abdominal sternite (107); - 108-111 A. warchalowskii n. sp. spermatheca (108); last abdominal sternite (109); aedeagus (L = 0.53 mm) ventral (110); lateral (111)

distinctly impressed punctures near sides, middle lacking punctures (Fig. 18). Elytra oval, broadest in middle. Apex of elytra in females (Fig. 19) (males unknown). Length = 1.60 mm. Nepal ........................................................................................... besucheti Doeberl, 1991 62 (61)Sutural margin not raised. Dorsum dark chestnut brown, antennae and legs yellow, hind femora brownish with apices lightened. Frontal lines distinct. Vertex finely chagreened, without additional punctures. Elytra broad oval, broadest before middle; striae with distinctly impressed punctures. Interspaces slightly broader than striae and somewhat evenly convex, on disc as much as on sides. Apex of elytra (Fig. 95). Aedeagus and spermatheca (Figs. 92-94). Length = 1.6-1.9 mm. China (Sichuan). ...................................... ...................................................................................................................... sprecherae nov. spec. 63 (60)Scutellar stria longer, with 5-7 irregularly arranged punctures. Elytra elongate-oval; reddish, yellowish brown to chestnut brown, antennae and legs uniformly yellowish. Head shagreened and finely and densely punctate. Pronotum about 1.3 times broader than long. Sides nearly subparallel, surface finely strigose. Elytra with sharply impressed striae, striae on base slightly confused. Scutellar stria consisting of 5-6 punctures. Interspaces smooth, shining and slightly costate. Sutural angles rounded. Aedeagus and spermatheca (Figs. 64-66). Length = 1.5-1,7 mm. India (Kerala, Madras), Nepal ...................................... ....................................................................................................... ovipennis Heikertinger, 1940 64 (59)Scutellar stria lacking. 65 (66)Length = 1.3 mm; dorsum dark castaneus, with reddish luster. Antennae and legs yellowish brown. Broadly ovate. Pronotum subquadrate, slightly broader than long, sides straight, narrowed at base, with fovea on each side before base; surface somewhat longitudinally wrinkled. Interspaces convex. Apices of elytrae somewhat truncate. China (Yunnan) ..... ..................................................................................................................... castaneus Wang, 1992 66 (65)Length = 1.55 mm; dorsum brown, basal antennomeres and legs, except for metafemora, somewhat lighter. Elytra often with indistinct yellowish spot near scutellum. Frons and vertex densely and rugosely punctured, dull. Frontal lines distinct forming in middle of

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frons U-shaped impression (Fig. 88). Pronotum subparallel, surface strigose. Interspaces costate. Apices of elytra broadly rounded. Aedeagus and spermatheca (Figs. 89-91). Eastern Nepal. ....................................................................................................... schereri Doeberl, 1991 DESCRIPTIONS OF THE NEW SPECIES, AND REMARKS TO SOME OTHER SPECIES Aphthonoides beccarii Jacoby, 1885 (Figs. 1, 8-10) Redescription: Body oval; piceous to black, antennae testaceous with four apical antennomeres piceous; legs pitch brown with articulations and spur of metatibiae light. Head smooth, shining. Antennae reach beyond middle of elytra. Pronotum not more than 1.5 times as broad as long, finely and rugosely punctured. Sides more or less parallel. Elytra with humeral calli moderately produced and not clearly separated from disc by furrow, base not raised. Scutellar stria with 5-7 punctures, often confused together with first complete stria. Striae with distinctly impressed punctures. Striae 5 and 6 join together not reaching base. Interspaces smooth, sligthly costate. Epipleurae narrow reaching elytral apex. Length 1.5 mm. Widely distributed in SE Asia. Specimens from Japan have somewhat lighter antennae and the pronotum is somewhat broader. Aphthonoides bergeali nov. spec. (Figs. 11-13) Material: Holotype (): Sumatra (Jambi), Gurung Kerinci, 1800-2100 m, 6.-7. III. 1991, Bock & Bockov (NHMB). Paratypes: 18 specimens (MBVF, NHMB, USNM and MDGC). Description: Winged; dorsum piceous to black, labrum, antennae and legs yellow, metafemora piceous with lightened apex. Frons and vertex shining with some microscopic punctures. Preocular lines and antennal calli lacking, frontal lines forming semicircular arc interrupted in middle. Proportions of antennomeres in holotype as follows 10:10:5:6:8:10:11:11:10:11:14 (1 = 0.01 mm). Pronotum more or less 1.35 times as broad as long, with sides slightly rounded, broadest in middle; surface shining, minutely punctured, with traces of strigosity. Anterior angles rounded and slightly thickened; basal margin widely arched and produced in middle. Scutellum rounded. Elytra suboval, shining, with humeral calli distinct, not separated from disc by impression. Scutellar stria with 6-7 fine punctures. Striae regular, with fine punctures, fading behind middle; interspaces broad and flat. Striae 5 and 6 join together. Sexual dimorphism: First protarsomere slightly wider in male than in female. Holotype (): 1.45 mm x 0.75 mm. Length of males 1.45-1.65 mm, average 1.55 mm (n = 5); length of females 1.45-1.65 mm, average 1.48 mm (n = 5). Discussion: A. bergeali is very similar to A. beccarii, but can be differentiated from it by the striae fading behind the middle of elytra and by the shape of aedeagus and spermatheca (Figs. 11-13 resp. 8-10). Etymology: This species is dedicated to my dear friend Michel Bergeal, well known specialist on Alticinae. Aphthonoides beroni Gruev, 1985 (Figs. 14-17) Remarks: A. beroni was described based on a single male with a sharply limited and bent stripe on the base of the elytron (Fig. 17). I have examined an unidentified specimen (USNM) with exactly same stripe, which I consider to be A. beroni. But in some other specimens and (CNCI, NKME and MDGC), also without a doubt belonging to A. beroni, the stripe is broken up into transverse stria of indistinct spots, which are lighter in color than the rest of elytron. The

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background colour of elytra varies from shining black in the original description to red-brown. In some specimens the humeral calli are poorly developed. The punctures of the striae are distinctly impressed. The interspaces are as broad as the striae, weakly raised, more distinctly at the sides. Striae 5 and 6 join together. Aphthonoides bhutanensis nov. spec. (Figs. 20-22) Material: Holotype (): Bhutan, 21 km E of Wangdi Phodrang, 1,700 m; Nat.-Hist. Museum Basel Bhutan Expedition 1972 (NHMB). Paratypes: 4 specimens (NHMB, ZSM, and MDGC) Description: Winged; dorsum piceous, antennae and legs yellowish-brown; 4-5 basal antennomeres lighter. Frons and vertex finely punctate and shining. Frontal lines short and weakly impressed. Proportions of antennomeres in holotype as follows: 10:6:4:6:7:7:8:7:10:7:13 (1 = 0.01 mm). Pronotum 1.3 times as broad as long, with sides slightly rounded, broadest in middle. Surface strigose, shining. Elytra oval; humeral calli distinct, scutellar stria short, with 3-4 punctures. Punctures of striae moderately impressed, not fading behind middle. Striae 5 and 6 join together. Interspaces smooth, slightly costate on disc and on sides. Sutural angle rectangular. Sexual dimorphism: In males the basal pro- and mesotarsi are dilated, but not broader than the third tarsomere; in females tarsomeres are narrower. Holotype (): 1.20 mm x 0.66 mm. Length of males average 1.23 mm (n = 3); length of females average 1.43 mm (n = 2). Discussion: A. bhutanensis is near A. beccarii, but can be separated by the pronotum being distinctly narower and by obvious differences in the aedeagus and spermatheca (Figs. 20-22 resp. 8-10). Etymology: This species is named after the type locality. Aphthonoides burckhardti nov. spec. (Figs. 23-27) Material: Holotype: , Borneo, Sabah, Crocker Ra, 1200 m, km 63 rte Kota Kinabalu-Tambunan, 19.V.1987, leg. Burckhardt-Lbl (MHNG). Paratypes: 1 1 (MHNG and MDGC). Description: Winged; dorsum uniformly yellow-brown, labrum blackish, apical antennomeres 4 to 5 slightly obscured. Frons and vertex finely shagreened, with scattered punctures on vertex. Frontal lines straight, frontal ridge narrow. Frons with narrow groove in middle. Antennomeres of holotype as follows: 19:10:6:7:12:11:14: 13:13:12:16 (1 = 0.01 mm). Sides of pronotum subparallel, 1.25 times as broad as long, densely punctured and somewhat strigose. Elytra elliptical, scutellar stria with 6-7 punctures; punctures of striae regular and deeply impressed up to apex; striae 5 and 6 join together; stria 7 deeply impressed on base and separates convex humeral calli clearly from disc. Interspaces flat. Apices of elytra narrowly and separately rounded. Sexual dimorphism: Basal pro- and mesotarsomeres in males broader than in females, dilated. Holotype (): 1.65 mm x 0.82 mm. Discussion: A. burckhardti is the only species known from Borneo. It is close to A. sagaris and can be separated from it by its narrow pronotum and flat interspaces . Etymology: Named after Daniel Burckhardt, NHMB, who collected this species on while on the Borneo-expedition of the MHNG. Aphthonoides keralaensis nov. spec. (Figs. 43-45) Material: Holotype () India, Kerala, Munnar, 24.-29. XI. 2002, leg. Prathapan (KDPI). Paratypes: 1 3; 2 6 India, Kerala, Munnar Vattayar, 29. XI. 2002, leg. Prathapan (KDPI, USNM and MDGC)

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Description: Winged; dorsum black, elytra near apex often with brownish gloss, antennae and legs yellow; profemora basally slightly obscured, metafemora black with light apex. Frons and vertex densely and rugosely punctured, punctures shallow. Frontal lines short, weakly developed. Antennomeres of holotype are as follows: 11:10:6:8:10:9:13:11:14:12:16 (1 = 0.01 mm). Pronotum 1.3 times as broad as long, with sides nearly straight; surface strigosely punctured. Anterior angles shortly oblique, posterior angles marked by denticle. Basal margin widely arched. Elytra shining, elongate-oval, with humeral calli distinct, but small; base slightly raised. Scutellar stria with 6-7 punctures. Striae regular with distinctly impressed punctures, confused near base. Interspaces somewhat broader than striae, flat at disc, convex laterally. Striae 5 and 6 join before base. Sexual dimorphism: Basal pro- and mesotarsomeres in males broader than in females, dilated. Holotype (): 1.6 mm x 0.8 mm; length of males 1.65-1.80 mm, average 1.65 mm (n = 4); females 1.65-1.75 mm, average 1.66 mm (n = 9). Discussion: A. keralaensis is similar to A. lesagei, but can be differentiated by the uniformly yellow antennae and legs (except for the hind femora) and by the shape of the aedeagus and spermatheca (Figs. 43-45, 55-57). Etymology: This species is named after the type locality. Aphthonoides konstantinovi nov. spec. (Figs. 46-48) Material: Holotype (): India, Kerala, Ponmudi, 30. VIII. 2002, leg. Prathapan (KDPI). Paratypes: 3 1 idem (KDPI and MDGC) Description: Winged; dorsum black, antennae and legs yellowish, with basal half of profemora dark, metafemora piceous. Frons and vertex shagreened and finely punctured. Frontal lines forming semicircular arc. Antennomeres in holotype as follows: 8:9:6:6:9:8:11:9:10:10:12 (1 = 0.01 mm). Pronotum 1.4 times as broad as long, subparallel. Anterior angles rounded, posterior angles marked by denticle. Basal margin widely arched. Surface finely strigose punctate. Elytra shining, suboval, with humeral calli distinct. Scutellar stria with 6-7 fine punctures. Striae distinct up to apex, regular, with fine punctures; interspaces broader than striae, flat at disc, laterally slightly convex. Striae 5 and 6 join together. Sexual dimorphism: Basal protarsomeres in males slightly broader than in females. Tip of aedeagus slightly bent down. Holotype (): 1.5 mm x 0.9 mm. Length of males 1.5-1.8 mm, average 1.61 (n = 4). Length of female 1.75 mm. Discussion: A. konstantinovi is near A. beccarii, but it can be differentiated by the narrower pronotum, uniformly yellowish antennae, and the shape of the aedeagus and spermatheca (Figs. 46-48, 8-10). Etymology: This species is dedicated to my dear friend Alexander Konstantinov, well known specialist on Alticinae. Aphthonoides langbianus nov. spec. (Figs. 49-51) Material: Holotype (): S Vietnam, 12 km N Dalat, Lang Bian, 28.-30. IV. 1994, leg. Pacholatko & Dembicky (NHMW). Paratypes: 2 (NHMW and MDGC). Description: Winged; dorsum black, antennae and legs dirty yellow; 6 or 7 apical antennomeres gradually darkened; basal half of profemora darkened, metafemora black with light apices. Frons and vertex finely shagreened and covered with shallowly impressed punctures. Frontal lines finely impressed. Frontal ridge very short and only slightly convex. Antennomeres in holotype as follows: 10:9:6:7:9:9:10:11:11:10:17 (1 = 0.01 mm). Pronotum 1.3 times as broad as long, broadest in middle; sides and posterior angles rounded; surface densely and shallowly punctured,

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somewhat strigose. Anterior margin straight, basal margin widely arched and produced in middle. Elytra suboval, with humeral calli distinct, but small and not separated from disc by impressed line. Base not raised. Scutellar stria with 5-6 punctures. Striae regular, except for 1-3 in basal third somewhat confused. Striae 5 and 6 shortest, joining together before base. Interspaces are somewhat broader than striae, flat at disc, slightly convex laterally. Sexual dimorphism: First basal protarsomere in males not broader than third. Sutural angles sligthly rounded. Apex of last abdominal sternite covered with punctures, with shallow impression. Holotype (): 1.70 mm x 0.90 mm. Females unknown. Discussion: A. langbianus is near A. vietnamicus nov. spec., but it can be easily separated by the absence of denticles on the posterior angles of the pronotum (in A. vietnamicus each posterior angle has a denticle) and the shape of the aedeagus (Figs. 49, 50, 103,104). Etymology: This species is named after the type locality. Aphthonoides latipennis Chen et Wang, 1980 Remarks: This species is quite close to A. sagaris Gressitt and Kimoto, however I am not ready to synonymize it. Aphthonoides lopatini nov. spec. (Figs. 58-63) Material: Holotype (): China, Yunnan, 100 km W Kunming, Diaolin Nat. Res., 22. V. 2. VI. 1983, leg. Jendek E. & Sausa (NHMW). Paratypes: 9 spec. with same label as holotype; 3 spec. China, Yunnan, Diaolin Nat. Res., VI. 1993, leg. Jendek E. & Sausa; 1 spec. China, Yunnan, Ypinglang, 1800-2100 m, 2504N/10555E, 20. VI. 1994, leg. V. Kubn (NHMW, NHMB, USNM and MDGC). Description: Winged; dorsum dark-brown with weak bronzy gloss, bases of antennae and legs dirty yellowish, apical antennomeres gradually darkened to apex, metafemora light brown with light apices. Frons and vertex granulated, covered with scattered fine punctures. Frontal lines barely visible. Antennomeres of holotype as follows: 13:11:8:9:9:9:14:12:14:14:17 (1 = 0.01 mm). Pronotum 1.45 times as broad as long, with surface coarsely rugose, punctures as coarse as those on elytra. Posterior angles widely rounded, with tiny seta-bearing denticle. Elytra shining, suboval, with humeral calli distinct, but not produced. Striae regular, except striae 2 and one next to suture. Interspaces flat, slightly convex laterally, very fine and somewhat rugosely punctured. Striae 5 and 6 join together before base. Sexual dimorphism: Basal protarsomeres in males broader than in females. The last abdominal sternite in male with triangular impression. Holotype (): 1.75 mm x 0.80 mm; length of males 1.75-1.82 mm, average 1.78 mm (n = 4); length of females 1.85-2.00 mm, average 1.94 mm (n = 7). Discussion: A. lopatini is close to A. sagaris, but can be differentiated by the pronotum with punctures as coarse as those as in elytral striae and by the striae near the base being confused (they are regular in A. sagaris). Etymology: This species is dedicated to Igor K. Lopatin, well known entomologist, on the occasion of his 80th birthday. Aphthonoides ovipennis Heikertinger, 1940 New material: 1 5, India, Kerala, Mattupatti, 30. XI. 2002, leg. Prathapan (KDPI).

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Aphthonoides pilosellus nov. spec., (Figs. 70-74) Material: Holotype (): Thailand, Doi Inthanon Nat. Park, Mae Klang waterfall area, 28.X.1979, leg. Zool. Mus. Copenhagen Exped. (ZMUC). Paratypes: 8 spec. (ZMUC and MDGC). Description: Winged; dorsum black; 4 to 5 basal antennomeres and legs yellowish brown; labrum and metafemora dark brown. Frontal lines indistinct. Frons and vertex rugose; frons divided by deep longitudinal impression. Frontal ridge narrow and sharply keeled. Antennomeres in holotype as follows 10:9:8:9:10:10:14:10:12:10:14 (1 = 0.01 mm). Pronotum subparallel, 1.25 times as broad as long; shagreened and strongly punctate, near base punctures are placed closer to each other. Scutellum transverse. Elytra elliptical, with distinct humeral calli. Scutellar stria short, with 6-7 punctures. Base slightly raised, with impression behind. Striae with densely placed and sharply impressed punctures. Striae 5-6 somewhat confused. Interspaces weakly raised, more distinctly on sides. Each interspace with single stria of semi-erected, posteriorly directed and ventrally bent, fine hairs. Apices of elytra broadly rounded and slightly truncate. Sexual dimorphism: Basal pro- and mesotarsomeres in males broader than in females, dilated, broader than third tarsomere and as long as the following three segments together. In females basal pro- and mesotarsomeres narrower than third tarsomere. Holotype () 1.70 mm x 0.77 mm, females are more or less of the same size. Discussion: The only other species with pubescent elytra is A. pubipennis. A. pilosellus can be differentiated from A. pubipennis by the single striae of hair in each interspace (in A. pubipennis the interspaces are with two rows of hair). The length of the body in A. pubipennis is 1.4 mm, whereas in A. pilosellus it is 1.7 mm. Etymology: This species is named after its hairy elytra; from latin pilosellus = provided with thin hairs. Aphthonoides prathapani nov. spec. (Figs. 76-78) Material: Holotype (): India, Kerala, Agasthymalai, 9. II. 2002, leg. Prathapan (KDPI). Paratypes: 3 4 (KDPI, MDGC). Description: Oval, winged; dorsum dark chestnut brown, antennae and legs yellowish, metafemora slightly brownish. Frons and vertex rugosely punctured. Frontal lines forming regular arch. Antennomeres in holotype as follows: 10:10:6:8:9:9:11:10:11:10:13 (1 = 0.01 mm). Pronotum 1.3 times as broad as long, distinctly transversely arched, with surface finely punctured and wrinkled; sides subparallel. Anterior angles shortly oblique, posterior angles with denticle. Elytra shining, suboval; humeral calli distinct, not separated from disc by deep impression. Scutellar striae with 5 - 6 punctures. Striae regular, interspaces broader than striae, flat, slightly convex laterally. Striae 5 and 6 join before base. Sexual dimorphism: Basal pro- and mesotarsomeres in males broader than in females. Holotype (): 1.50 mm x 0.77 mm; length of males 1.50-1.73 mm, average 1.53 mm (n = 4); length of females 1.62-1.85 mm, average 1.73 mm (n = 4). Discussion: A. prathapani is near A. beccarii, but it can be easily separated from it by the pronotum and elytra being narrower, and by the shape of aedeagus and spermatheca (Figs. 76-78, 8-10). Etymology: This species is dedicated to K. D. Prathapan, Trivandrum/India, who collected interesting material and gave me the opportunity to study it. Aphthonoides sagaris Gressitt et Kimoto, 1963 New material: 1 Laos, Bolikhamsai, Ban Nape, 24. IV. 1998, leg. Jendek & Sausa (MDGC); 1 Vietnam (North), Tam Dao, hin Phu distr., 900 m, 17.-21. V. 1990, leg. J. Horak (MDGC).

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Aphthonoides sprecherae nov. spec. (Figs. 92-95) Material: Holotype (): China, Sichuan, Mt. Emei, 600-1050 m, 5.-19. V. 1989, Lad. Bock leg. (NHMB). Paratypes: 11 spec. with same labels as holotype; 1 spec. with same label as holotype except 1050 m, 18. VII. 1990; 2 spec. China, Sichuan, 10320E/2930N, Mt. Emei, 500-1,000 m, 4.-18. V. 1989, leg. S. & J. Koliba; 2 spec. China, Sichuan, Emei Shan, Wannlan, 1,050 m, 19.20. III. 1999, leg. Schawaller (NHMB, SMNS, USNM and MDGC). Description: Wingless, dorsum dark chestnut brown, antennae and legs yellow, metafemora brownish with apices lighter. Frons and vertex finely rugose, with very fine scattered punctures. Frontal lines straight. Frontal ridge slightly raised. Antennomeres in holotype as follows 13:10:8:6:10:9:13:11:11:11:16 (1 = 0.01 mm). Pronotum transversely arched, 1.25 times as broad as long, slightly diverging anteriorly, finely punctured and wrinkled. Anterior angles rounded and thickened, posterior angles marked by seta-bearing denticle; basal margin evenly arched and clearly produced. Scutellum broad and rounded. Elytra broad oval, broadest before middle, dull; striae with distinctly impressed punctures; scutellar stria short, with 3-4 punctures; striae 5 and 6 joined before base. The interspaces slightly broader than striae, somewhat convex on disc and sides. Sutural angles rounded. Sexual dimorphism: Basal pro- and mesotarsomeres in males broader than in females. Holotype (): 1.75 mm x 0.80 mm; males 1.50-1.75 mm, average 1.62 mm (n = 4); females 1.60-1.90 mm, average 1.71 mm (n = 6). Discussion: A. sprecherae is close to A. rotundipennis, but can be differentiated by the elytra being broadest before the middle, with the interspaces not sharply keeled, and by the shape of aedeagus and spermatheca (Figs. 92-94, 79, 80, 82). Etymology: This species is named in honour of Mrs. Eva Sprecher, MNHB, who gave me the opportunity for studying this interesting material. Aphthonoides sumatranus nov. spec. (Figs. 96-98) Material: Holotype (): W-Sumatra, Bukittingi, Gn.Singgalang, 2100-2600 m, 16.X.1990, leg. Riedel (MDGC). Paratypes: 1 1, with same labels as holotype (MDGC). Description: Winged; dorsum black, antennae and legs yellow; labrum and metafemora brownish. Frons and vertex finely shagreened and shining. Frontal lines sharply impressed. Antennomeres in holotype as follows 11:8:6:9:10:10:10:10:9:10:13 (1 = 0.01 mm). Pronotum with sides straight and subparallel; 1.3 times as broad as long; shining, weakly punctate, with denser punctures near base. Scutellum triangular. Elytra oval; humeral calli distinct. Scutellar stria short. Striae with moderately impressed punctures, somewhat confused near base, punctures fading behind middle. Interspaces flat. Sutural angles narrowly and separately rounded. Sexual dimorphism: Males and females can not be separated based on external characters. Holotype (): 1.40 mm x 0.75 mm; . Discussion: A. sumatranus is close to A. laticollis, but can be separated by the sides of the pronotum being subparallel, the punctures in the elytral striae fading behind the middle, and by the shape of the aedeagus and spermatheca (Figs. 96-98, 52-54). Etymology: This species is named after the type locality. Aphthonoides taiwanicus nov. spec. (Figs. 99-102) Material: Holotype (): Taiwan, Pingtung Hsien, Peitawushan, Kuai-Ku Hut, 2325 m, 22.IV.1991, leg.A. Smetana (MHNG). Paratypes: 1 with same labels as holotype; 1 spec. Taiwan,

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Pingtung Hsien, Peitawushan, Kuai-Ku Hut, 2135 m, 30.IV.1991; 2 spec. Taiwan, Kaohsiung Hsien, Kuanshan trail above Kaunshanch Riv., 2550 m, 21.IV.1992; 2 spec. Taiwan, Nantou Hsien, Nenkaoshan trail, Yuenhai Hut, 2350 m, 4.V.1992; 1 spec. Taiwan, Nantou Hsien, Meifeng, 2130 m, 3.V.1992; 1 spec. Taiwan, Nantou Hsien, Yushan N.P., Mun-Li Cliff, 2700 m, 18.V.1991; alle leg. A. Smetana (MHNG, MDGC) Description: Wingless, dorsum black. Antennae, mouthparts and legs yellowish brown, metafemora somewhat darker. Head very finenely shagreened, shining; frontal lines somewhat wavy in shape, deeply impressed, with their lower edges keel-like. Antennomeres in holotype as follows 12:9:5:7:9:8:9:8:9:9:14 (1 = 0.01 mm). Pronotum 1.45 times as broad as long; transversely arched, broadest in middle, anteriorly somewhat broader than posteriorly; remotely punctured, with longitudinal wrinkles. Scutellum triangular. Elytra broad-oval, with somewhat irregular striae of weakly impressed punctures, only visible with special lighting; scutellar stria with only 3-4 punctures. Interspaces flat. Holotype ()1.45 mm x 0.83 mm. Sexual dimorphism: Basal pro- and mesotarsomeres in males broader than in females, but not as broad as the third metatarsomeres. Discussion: There are two other species of Aphthonoides that occur in Taiwan: A. beccarii and A. lesagei. A. taiwanicus can be distinguished from both of them by lacking of humeral calli and the shape of aedeagus and spermatheca (Figs. 99-101, 8-10, 55-57). Etymology: This species is named after the type locality. Aphthonoides vietnamicus nov. spec. (Figs. 103-107) Material: Holotype (): S Vietnam, 12 km N Dalat, Lang Bian, 28.-30. IV. 1994, leg. Pacholatko & Dembicky (NHMW). Paratypes: 2 1 with same label as holotype (NHMW and MDGC) Description: Winged; dorsum black, 4-5 basal antennomeres yellowish-brown, following antennomeres gradually darkened; legs yellowish brown, with profemora dark basally, metafemora piceous. Frons and vertex shagreened and covered with shallow punctures between eyes. Frontal lines somewhat wavy, forming semicircular arch. Antennomeres in holotype as follows 12:9:7:9:11:9:13:11:13:11:15 (1 = 0.01 mm). Pronotum more or less 1.4 times as broad as long, with surface finely punctured and somewhat strigose. Anterior angles shortly oblique, posterior angles obtuse, without denticle. Basal margin widely arched. Elytra shining, subparallel, with humeral calli distinctly convex and clearly separated from disc by impression; base somewhat raised. Scutellar stria with 5-6 punctures. Striae regular, with distinctly impressed punctures; interspaces somewhat broader than striae, flat at disc, but convex on sides. Striae 5 and 6 join together. Sexual dimorphism: In males the apex of the last abdominal sternite with a deep, shining impression. Basal pro- and mesotarsomeres in males broader than in females. Holotype (): 1.7 mm x 0.85 mm; length of females 1.70-1.85 mm. Discussion: A. vietnamicus is close to A. langbianus nov. spec., but can be differentiated from it by the humeral calli distinctly separated from the disc, and the shape of aedeagus (Figs. 103-104, 49-50). Etymology: This species is named after the type locality. Aphthonoides warchalowskii nov. spec. (Figs. 108-111) Material: Holotype (): Philippines, Luzon, 9. II. 1918, leg. Boettcher (MDGC). Paratypes: 2 3 with same label as holotype (AWPC and MDGC) Description: Winged, dorsum piceous, antennae and legs yellowish brown, metafemora and labrum darker. Frons and vertex finely shagreened and shining. Frontal line short, weakly im-

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pressed. Eyes distinctly convex. Antennomeres in holotype as follows 9:8:5:5:6:6:8:7:8:9:12 (1 = 0.01 mm). Pronotum 1.45 times as broad as long, broadest near base, with sides nearly straight, slightly converging anteriorly. Surface microscopically punctured with very fine longitudinal wrinkles. Scutellum broadly rounded. Elytra suboval, humeral calli distinct, separated from disc by shallow impression. Scutellar stria with 6-7 fine punctures; striae with punctures moderately impressed, fading behind middle. Interspaces smooth and flat on disc, convex laterally. Striae 5 and 6 join together before base. Sexual dimorphism: Last abdominal sternite with sharp emargination in middle of posterior margin. Holotype (): 1.3 mm x 0.7 mm. Discussion: This species is near A. laticollis, but it could be differentiated from it by the the eyes being more convex, the antennae and fore- and middle-legs being unicolorously yellowish brown, and by the shape of the aedeagus and spermatheca (Figs. 108, 110,111, 52-54). Etymology: This species is dedicated to my dear friend Andrzej Warchalowski, Wroclaw/ Poland, well known specialist on Chrysomelidae, who gave me the opportunity to study this interesting material. CATALOG Apthonoides Jacoby 1885 Aphthonoides Jacoby 1885, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. nat. Genova, ser. 2a, 2: 59; type species: A. beccarii Jacoby 1885, Jacoby, 1885: 59; Jacoby, 1885 a: 741, pl. XLVI, Fig. 2; Heikertinger, 1924: 29; 1925: 53; 1940: 175-179; Heikertinger and Csiki,1940: 102; Maulik, 1926: 282 (mentioned); 1929: 208; Fig. 14c; Chj, 1935: 356; 1936: 84; Chen, 1936: 626; 1945: 35, Fig. 3; Gressitt et Kimoto, 1963: 745, 796; Kimoto, 1965: 402, 431; Scherer, 1969: 4, 13, 31; 1989: 32, 35; Seeno et Wilcox, 1982: 131; Medvedev, 1993: 41; Kimoto et Takizawa, 1994: 161, 242, pl. 63, Fig. 3; Kimoto et Takizawa, 1997: 211, 227, 314, 319-320; Kimoto, 2000: 106, 121 Aphthonoides armipes Bryant, 1939 A. armipes Bryant, Arkiv fr zoologi, 31A, No. 21 (Separatum): 19-20 Locus typicus: NE-Burma: Kambaiti Holotype depository: Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet Stockholm Distribution: NE-Burma, Tibet References: Scherer,1969: 32; Chen et Wang, 1981: 496, Fig.1b (Xizang) Aphthonoides beccarii Jacoby,1885 A. beccarii Jacoby, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. nat. Genova, ser. 2a, 2: 59-60 Type locality: Java Holotype depository: MCSN Distribution: China (Hupeh, Fukien), Japan (Kyushu), Java, Philippines (Mindanao, Luzon), Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand References: Jacoby, 1885a: 741, pl. XLVI, Fig. 2 (Japan: Kyushu); Chj, 1936: 84 (Taiwan, Sumatra); Heikertinger, 1940: 178; Chen, 1936: 626; 1945: 34-35, Fig. 3 (hind leg); Gressitt et Kimoto, 1963: 796 (China: Hupeh, Fukien); Kimoto, 1965: 431, Fig. 1; 2000: 122 (Thailand); 2001: 162; Scherer,1979: 127 (see bhutanensis nov. spec.); 1989: 35; Medvedev, 1993: 48 (Philip-

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pines: Luzon); Kimoto et Takizawa, 1994: 170, 248, pl. 63, Fig. 3; 1997: 227, 319, 399; Kimoto et Chu, 1996: 119; Reid, 1998: 291-292 (host plant: Leucosyke, an Urticaceae) Aphthonoides bergeali nov. spec. Type locality: Sumatra (Jambi, Gurung Kerinci, 1800-2100 m) Holotype depository: NHMB Distribution: Sumatra Aphthonoides beroni Gruev, 1985 A. beroni Gruev, The Entomological Review of Japan 40: 37-38, Figs. 4-6 Type locality: Nepal: Langtang Valley (Lama Lodge, 2500-2800m) Holotype depository: National Museum of Natural History, Sofia Distribution: Nepal Aphthonoides besucheti Doeberl, 1991 A. besucheti Dberl, Revue suisse Zool. 98: 617-618, Figs. 51, 56 Type locality: W-Nepal: Gandaki (Kaski: Goropani, 2750 m) Holotype depository: MHNG Distribution: W-Nepal Aphthonoides bhutanensis nov. spec. Type locality: Bhutan: 21 km E of Wangdi Phodrang, 1700 m Holotype depository: NHMB Distribution: Bhutan References: A. beccarii: Scherer, 1979: 127 (Bhutan) Aphthonoides burckhardti nov. spec. Type locality: Borneo: Sabah (Crocker Ra., 1200 m, km 63 rte Kota Kinabalu-Tambunan) Holotype depository: MHNG Distribution: Borneo (Sabah) Aphthonoides carinipennis Scherer, 1989 A. carinipennis Scherer, Spixiana 12: 33-35, Figs. 1f, 2c Type locality: Nepal: Prov. Bagmati (above Shermathan) Holotype depository: CNCI Distribution: Nepal (Bagmati) Aphthonoides castaneus Wang, 1992 A. castaneus Wang, in: Chen, Insects of Hengduan Mts., vol. 1: 686, 735 Type locality: China: Yunnan (Lushui, 3100 m) Holotype depository: Institute of Zoology, Acad. Sinica, Beijing Distribution: China (Yunnan) Aphthonoides fulmeki Heikertinger, 1940 A. fulmeki Heikertinger, Entomologische Bltter 36: 178, Fig. 2

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M. Doeberl Type locality: Sumatra: Brastagi Holotype depository: NHMW? Distribution: Sumatra References: Kimoto, 2001: 162

Aphthonoides himalayensis Medvedev, 1984 A. himalayensis Medvedev, Senckenbergiana biol., 65: 49-50, Figs. 4, 8-9 (mistake in fugure numbering, Fig. 4 shows the aedeagus of A. himalayensis) Type locality: Nepal: Kathmandu-Tal (Berg Phulchoki) Holotype depository: Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Senckenberg, Frankfurt am Main/ Germany Distribution: Nepal (Kathmandu), India (West Bengal) References: Scherer, 1989: 33, 35, Figs. 1b - e, 2b (India: W-Bengal; Nepal); Doeberl, 1991: 618 Aphthonoides keralaensis nov. spec. Type locality: India: Kerala (Munnar) Holotype depository: KDPI, Trivandrum/India Distribution: India (Kerala) Aphthonoides konstantinovi nov. spec. Type locality: India: Kerala (Ponmudi) Holotype depository: KDPI, Trivandrum/India Distribution: India (Kerala) Aphthonoides langbianus nov. spec. Type locality: S Vietnam: Lang Bian (12 km N Dalat) Holotype depository: NHMW Distribution: Vietnam Aphthonoides laticollis Heikertinger, 1940 A. laticollis Heikertinger, Entomologische Bltter 36: 177 Type locality: Indonesia: Sumatra (Brastagi) Holotype depository: Heikertinger (NHMB) Distribution: Indonesia (Sumatra) References: Kimoto, 2001: 162 Aphthonoides latipennis Chen et Wang, 1980 A. latipennis Chen et Wang, Entomotaxonomia 2: 9, 22 Type locality: S China: Guangxi (Longsheng) Holotype depository: Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica Distribution: S China (Guangxi) Aphthonoides lesagei Kimoto, 1996 A. lesagei Kimoto, The Entomological Review of Japan 51: 42, Fig. 3a Type locality: Taiwan: Yushan, N. P. (Mun-Li Cliff, 2,700 m)

Contribution to the Knowledge of the Genus Aphthonoides Jacoby, 1885... Holotype depository: National Museum of Natural History, Taichung Distribution: Taiwan References: Kimoto et Takizawa, 1997: 227, 320, 399 Aphthonoides lopatini nov. spec. Type locality: China: Yunnan (100 km W Kunming, Diaolin Nat. Res.) Holotype depository: NHMW Distribution: China (Yunnan) Aphthonoides ovipennis Heikertinger, 1940 A. ovipennis Heikertinger, Entomologische Bltter 36: 178 Type locality: India: Madras (= Tamil Nadu) Holotype depository: Heikertinger (NHMB) Distribution: India (Tamil Nadu, Kerala) References: Scherer, 1969: 32, Fig. 12b; Doeberl, 2003: 298 Aphthonoides piceus Scherer, 1989 A. picea Scherer, Spixiana 12: 34-35, Figs. 1g, 2d Type locality: India: West Bengal (Darjeeling Distr.: Tonglu) Holotype depository: MHNG Distribution: India (West Bengal), Nepal References: Kimoto, 2001: 54 (Nepal) Aphthonoides pilosellus nov. spec. Type locality: Thailand: Doi Inthanon natn. Park (Mae Klang waterfall area) Holotype depository: ZMUC Distribution: Thailand Aphthonoides prathapani nov. spec. Type locality: India: Kerala (Agasthymalai) Holotype depository: KDPI Distribution: India (Kerala) Aphthonoides pubipennis Wang, 1992 A. pubipennis Wang, in: Chen, Insects of Hengduan Mts., vol. 1: 686-687, 735, Fig.10 Type locality: China: Yunnan (Lanpin, 2300 m) Holotype depository: Institute of Zoology, Acad. Sinica, Beijing Distribution: China (Yunnan) Aphthonoides rotundipennis Scherer, 1969 A. rotundipennis Scherer, Pacific Insects Monograph 22: 33, Fig. 12a Type locality: India: W-Bengal (Darjeeling) Holotype depository: Frey (NHMB) Distribution: India (W-Bengal), Nepal References: Scherer, 1989: 33, 35, Figs. 1a, 2a; Doeberl, 1991: 618 (Nepal)

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M. Doeberl Aphthonoides rugiceps Wang, 1992 A. rugiceps Wang, in: Chen, Insects of Hengduan Mts., vol. 1: 687, 735-736 Type locality: China: Yunnan (Lanpin, 2300 m) Holotype depository: Institute of Zoology, Acad. Sinica, Beijing Distribution: China (Yunnan), India (Tamil Nadu) References: Doeberl, 2003: 298 (India: Tamil Nadu) Aphthonoides sagaris Gressitt et Kimoto, 1963 A. sagaris Gressitt & Kimoto, Pacific Insects Monograph 1B: 797, Fig. 209a Type locality: Hainan Isl.: Dwa Bi Holotype depository: California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco/USA Distribution: China (Hainan Isl.), Laos, Vietnam References: Medvedev, 2000: 179 (Laos, Vietnam) Aphthonoides schereri Doeberl, 1991 A. schereri Doeberl, Revue suisse Zool. 98: 618-619, Figs. 12, 13, 52, 53 Type locality: E-Nepal: Kosi (Sankhuwasawa: Induwa Kola Valley, 2100 m) Holotype depository: MHNG Distribution: E-Nepal Aphthonoides sprecherae nov. spec. Type locality: China: Sichuan (Mt. Emei, 600-1,050 m) Holotype depository: NHMB Distribution: China (Sichuan) Aphthonoides sumatranus nov. spec. Type locality: Indonesia: Sumatra (Bukittingi, Gn. Singgalang, 2,100-2,600 m) Holotype depository: MDGC Distribution: Indonesia (Sumatra) Aphthonoides taiwanicus nov. spec. Type locality: Taiwan: Pingtung Hsien (Peitawushan, Kuai-Ku Hut, 2,325 m) Holotype depository: MHNG Distribution: Taiwan Aphthonoides vietnamicus nov. spec. Type locality: S Vietnam: Lang Bian (12 km N Dalat) Holotype depository: NHMW Distribution: Vietnam Aphthonoides warchalowskii nov. spec. Type locality: Philippines: Luzon Holotype depository: MDGC Distribution: Philippines (Luzon)

Contribution to the Knowledge of the Genus Aphthonoides Jacoby, 1885... ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

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I am grateful to the authorities and staff members at the museums, listed on page 56 under Material and Methods. They all helped me willingly with material at their disposal. Also, I am especially obliged to Drs. Eva Sprecher (NHMB), Martin Baehr (ZSM), Alexander Konstantinov (USNM), Michael Hansen (ZMUC), Matthias Hartmann (NKME), Manfred Jch (NHMW), Laurent LeSage (CNCI), Roberto Poggi (MCSN), and Wolfgang Schawaller (SMNS). Special thanks for their kind help go to my colleagues and friends Drs. K. D. Prathapan, Kerala Agricultural University, Trivandrum, India and Andrzej Warchalowski, Wroclaw, Poland. Above all I am indebted to my dear friend Alexander Konstantinov (USNM) for many suggestions and corrections to the earlier drafts of this manuscript. LITERATURE CITED
Bryant G. E. 1939. Entomological Results from the Swedish Expedition 1934 to Burma and British India. Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae. Arkiv fr zoologi, 31A, No. 21, 1940 (Separatum 1939): 1-20. Chen S. et S. Wang, 1980. New genera and species of Chinese Alticinae. Entomotaxonomia 2: 1-25 [in Chinese with English summary]. Chen S. et S. Wang, 1981. Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae - Alticinae. In: Insects of Xizang, vol. 1: 491-508 Chen S. 1936. Genera of Oriental Halticinae. Sinensia, 7: 625-667. Chen S. 1945. Entomological notes IV. On the structure of the hind leg of the flea-beetle Aphthonoides beccarii. Sinensia, 16: 34-35. Chujo M. 1935. Studies on the Chrysomelidae in the Japanese Empire (VIII), subfamily Halticinae (1). Transactions of the Natural History Society of Formosa, 25: 354-369. Chujo M. 1936. Studies on the Chrysomelidae in the Japanese Empire (VIII), subfamily Halticinae (5). Transactions of the Natural History Society of Formosa, 26: 84-92. Doeberl M. 1991. Alticinae aus Nepal. Revue suisse Zoologique, 98: 613-635. Doeberl M. 2003. Alticinae from India and Pakistan Stored in the Collection of the Texas A. & M. University, U. S. A. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Bonner zoologische Beitrge, 51/2002 (2003): 297-304. Gressitt L. et S. Kimoto, 1963. The Chrysomelidae of China and Korea, Part 2. Pacific Insects Monograph 1B: 301-1026. Gruev B. 1985. Leaf-beetles Collected by P. Beron and S. Andreev from the National Museum (Natural History) - Sofia in India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Burma and Thailand in 1981 and 1984 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). The Entomological Review of Japan, 40: 35-47. Heikertinger F. 1924. Die Halticinengenera der Palaearktis und Nearktis. Koleopterologische Rundschau, 11/1924-1925: 25-70. Heikertinger F. 1940. Die Halticinengattung Aphthonoides Jac. (Col. Chrysom.) Entomologische Bltter fr Biologie und Systematik der Kfer, 36: 175-179. International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. 1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN), 4th edition, London, 1999, 306 pp. Jacoby M. 1885. Descriptions of new Genera and Species of Phytophagous Coleoptera from the IndoMalayan and Austro-Malayan subregions, contained in the Genoa Civic Museum. Second Part. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria. Genova ser. 2a, 2: 20-76.

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Jacoby M. 1885a. Descriptions of the Phytophagous Coleoptera of Japan obtained by Mr. George Lewis during his Second Journey, from February 1880 to September 1881. Part II. Halticinae and Galerucinae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1885: 719-755, pl. XLVI. Kimoto S. 1965. The Chrysomelidae of Japan and the Ryukyu Islands. Parts VIII-IX. Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University. Fukuoka, 13: 401-459. Kimoto S. 1996. Notes on the Chrysomelidae from Taiwan, China, XIII. The Entomological Review of Japan, 51: 27-51. Kimoto S. 2000. Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) of Thailand, Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. VII. Alticinae. Bulletin of the Institute of Comparative Studies of International Cultures and Societies Kurume University, 26: 103-299. Kimoto S. 2001. The Chrysomelidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) collected by the Kyushu University Scientific Expedition to the Nepal Himalaya in 1971 and 1972. Bulletin of the Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History, 20: 17-80. Kimoto S. 2001. Checklist of Chrysomelidae of South East Asia, South of Thailand and West of IrianJaya of Indonesia, IX. Alticinae. Bulletin of the Institute of comparative studies of international cultures and societies, 28, pp. 153-249. Kimoto S. et Y. Chu, 1996. Systematic Catalog of Chrysomelidae of Taiwan (Insecta: Coleoptera). Bulletin of the Institute of Comparative Studies of International Cultures and Societies Kurume University 16, 152 pp. Kimoto S. et H. Takizawa, 1994. Leaf Beetles (Chrysomelidae) of Japan. Tokyo, 1994, 539 pp. Kimoto S. et H. Takizawa, 1997. Leaf Beetles (Chrysomelidae) of Taiwan. Tokyo, 1994, 575 pp. Maulik S. 1926. The Fauna of British India (Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae and Halticinae). London, 1926, 442 pp. Maulik S. 1929. Chrysomelidae; with a note on the comparative anatomy of some Halticine tibiae. Insects of Samoa, 4: 177-215. Medvedev L. N. 1984. Chrysomelidae from the Nepal Himalayas. I. Alticinae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Senckenbergiana biol., 65: 47-63. Medvedev L. N. 1993. Alticinae of the Philippine Islands (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae). Part 1. Russian Entomological Journal, 2: 41-58. Medvedev L. N. 2000. Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) of Laos from the collection of the Hungarian Natural History Museum. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 92: 161-182. Reid C. A. M. 1998. The Chrysomeloidea of Taman Nasional Gede-Pangrano and Environs, Jawa Barat, Indonesia. Serangga, 3: 269-315. Scherer G. 1969. Die Alticinae des indischen Subkontinentes (Coleoptera - Chrysomelidae). Pacific Insects Monograph, 22: 1-251. Scherer G. 1979. Ergebnisse der Bhutan-Expedition 1972 des Naturhistorischen Museums in Basel. Entomologica Basiliensia, 4: 127-139. Scherer G. 1989. Ground living flea beetles from the Himalayas. Spixiana, 12: 31-55. Seeno T. et J. Wilcox, 1982. Leaf Beetle Genera. Entomography, 1: 1-221. Wang Sh. 1992. Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae - Alticinae. In: Chen S. (Ed.), Insects of the Hengduan Mountains region, Vol. 1, p. 675-753 [in Chinese with English summary].

PENSOFT Publishers Sofia Moscow

Tishechkin, Penev (eds.) 2005 A Relict Crucifer, Sisymbrium elatum C. Konstantinov, Koch (Cruciferae)... 81 Contributions to Systematics and Biology of Beetles Papers Celebrating the 80th Birthday of Igor Konstantinovich Lopatin, pp. 81-88

A Relict Crucifer, Sisymbrium elatum C. Koch (Cruciferae), and Associated Phytophagous Beetles in Northeastern Turkey, with Redescription of Psylliodes pallidicornis Heikertinger
V. I. Dorofeyev1, B. A. Korotyaev2, A. S. Konstantinov3, and L. Gltekin4
Komarov Botanical Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Professora Popova Str. 2, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia 2 Laboratory of Insect Systematics, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia 3 Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA 4 Atatrk University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
1

ABSTRACT
A population of a relict crucifer, Sisymbrium elatum C. Koch, was found in Northeastern Turkey. Two species of phytophagous beetles were collected on S. elatum, a flea beetle, Psylliodes pallidicornis Heikertinger, 1921 (Chrysomelidae), and a weevil, Ceutorhynchus sisymbrii Dieckmann, 1966 (Curculionidae). The habitat of S. elatum and associated phytophagous beetles is described. Information on the beetles geographic distribution and other hosts is presented. Diagnostic characters and illustrations of major features of Psylliodes pallidicornis are provided.

KEY WORDS
Sisymbrium elatum, Psylliodes pallidicornis, Ceutorhynchus sisymbrii, diagnostic characters, Northeastern Turkey.

INTRODUCTION Sisymbrium elatum C. Koch (1854) was described more than 150 years ago from material collected in 1843 in Northeastern Turkey. However, it is scarce in herbaria and is known to a very few botanists only. Hedge (1965) reports it from three remote localities in Turkey; no original records are given in the literature on the flora of the Transcaucasian republics of the former Soviet Union. In the original description (Koch 1854), Sisymbrium elatum was correctly placed in the section Norta (Adans.) DC. (De Candolle, 1821) established as a distinct genus (Adanson 1763). This section comprises 3 species, S. strictissimum L., S. luteum (Maxim.) O.E. Schulz, and S. elatum, with

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widely separated ranges. The first species is endemic to southeastern Europe, the second occurs in eastern Asia (China east of Gansu Province, Korea, Japan, and south of the Russian Far East), and the third, in Northeast Turkey. The ranges of S. strictissimum and S. elatum are separated by more than 1000 km, and the distance between the ranges of S. luteum and the two western species exceeds 8000 km. The wide geographical isolation of these three closely related species suggests their relatively old ages. The fact that they occur in similar habitats of forest association [a habitat known for its high density of Tertiary relicts among plants of the Western Caucasus (Maleev 1941)] also suggests that S. strictissimum, S. luteum and S. elatum could be considered as Tertiary relicts. In the course of an ecological-faunistic survey in Northeastern Turkey, a population of S. elatum was found in Erzurum Province in 2003. Considering that one of the two closest relatives of this species, S. strictissimum, has two monophagous weevils of the genus Ceutorhynchus Germar in Southeastern Europe, three of us have carefully checked several dozen specimens of this rare crucifer for associated phytophagous Coleoptera. A floristic description of the vegetation in the locality was made by the first author. These shed some light on the history of S. elatum and associated phytophagous beetles. The following abbreviations are used for collection/depositaries of beetle material: CEUT insect collection of the Department of Plant Protection, Atatrk University, Faculty of Agriculture, Erzurum, Turkey; NHMB- Natural History Museum, Basel, Switzerland; USNM - National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA; ZMAS Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St.Petersburg, Russia. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Sisymbrium elatum and its habitat The characteristics of the present vegetation in the habitat and the biological features of S. elatum leave little doubt of the relict nature of both the plant and the beetles that feed on it. The population is situated at the elevation of 1958 m above sea level in a flood-plain of Serceme Stream (Karasu River tributary) along IlicaOvacik Road 39.5 km NW of Ilica District (4009.581N, 4100.948E) (Map 1). Small patches of 5 to10 plants were scattered on rocky slopes to arising from the stream bank along about 150 m of the left bank of the stream. The overstay is a sparse Salix and Elaeagnus forest forming a continuous belt along streambank and split into patches of smaller bushes closer to the rocks (Fig. 1). Similar to the European S. strictissimum and the Far Eastern S. luteum, S. elatum is restricted to shaded, wet areas, which are close to rocks and spiny bushes of Rosa. The habitat is adjacent to pasture. The restricted wet habitat with rocky soil and spiny Rosa protect plants from the cattle and wind and enable S. elatum to reach a considerable height of 180200 cm. The plants were at the initial flower-budding stage on June 22, 2003 (Fig. 2). Cynoglossum officinale L., Bunias orientalis L. and Thalictrum minus L. of nearly the same height as S. elatum and two species of Rosa L., R. pimpinellifolia L. and R. oplisthes Boiss. also occur there. Considerable stability of the environment is ensured by the mediumsized willow trees (Salix viminalis L., S. fragilis L., S. myrsinifolia Salisb.) and bushes of Hyppophae rhamnoides L. A number of forest herbs grow under the canopy, e.g., three species of Galium L. (G. verum L., G. boreale L., G. uliginosum L.), Veronica sp., Prunus divaricata Ledeb., Myosotis silvatica (Ehrh.) Hoffm., Urtica dioica L., and Rubus saxatilis L.

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Map. 1. Northeastern Turkey with collecting locality marked by back circle.

Sisymbrium elatum phytophages A flea beetle, Psylliodes pallidicornis Heikertinger, 1921 (Chrysomelidae) and a weevil, Ceutorhynchus sisymbrii Dieckmann, 1966 (Curculionidae) were the only two species of phytophagous beetles collected on S. elatum, both in considerable numbers. Psylliodes pallidicornis, described by Heikertinger based on two females, is one of the poorly known Palearctic species of the genus. The spermatheca of the lectotype (NHMB), designated by Bechyne (1956), was illustrated by Leonardi and Arnold (1995). Leonardi (1975) studied the paralectotype in the Weise collection in Berlin and illustrated its spermatheca. Though collected from different localities (the lectotype is labeled Kaukas and the paralectotype is labeled Kasp.Meer-Gebiet), they appear to be conspecific. Previous interpretations of the collection locality of the paralectotype prompted the inclusion of Turkmenistan within the range of P. pallidicornis (Lopatin 1977; Gruev and Doberl 1997). However, the paralectotype was collected on the Azerbaijanian side of the Caspian Sea which is still Transcaucasia. Specimens collected in Turkmenistan were labeled Tnanskaspien or Turkmeniae, therefore Turkmenistan should be excluded from the currently known range of the species. Psylliodes pallidicornis is redescribed and its main characters are illustrated below. We have examined about 100 species of crucifers in Northeastern Turkey in 2002 and 2003 and collected about ten species of Psylliodes, but P. pallidicornis was found feeding only on S. elatum. Flea beetle adults are known to feed on plants which are not true hosts of the species for a short

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Fig. 1. Habitat of Sisymbrium elatum and associated phytophagous beetles

Fig. 2. Sisymbrium elatum in its habitat

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time due nonavailability of the actual host plants or to physiological factors that are poorly understood. Therefore, short expeditions cannot give a precise picture of the host associations of most species. Some species of Psylliodes in Northeastern Turkey were found on more than one host, usually co-occurring in a particular habitat, but were not found on other species in the same habitat. For example, an unidentified Psylliodes was common on Alyssum sp. and Iberis taurica L., but was not found on Aethionema sp. or Erysimum spp. although all these crucifers were more or less equally common on a dry detritus slope. It is thus possible that Psylliodes pallidicornis is not monophagous on Sisymbrium elatum, but it was not found on any other mesophilous crucifers examined in the studied area, e.g., Hesperis matronalis L. (sensu lato) or Erysimum cuspidatum DC., nor Sisymbrium loeselii L., which has been repeatedly examined. Ceutorhynchus sisymbrii feeds almost exclusively on Sisymbrium loeselii in Southeastern Europe, the Caucasus and Turkey. The material from S. elatum exhibits no differences from the series taken from S. loeselii some 100 km E of the S. elatum population in a similar habitat (partly shaded humid area along stream with small willow and poplar grove) at approximately the same elevation. Interestingly, C. sisymbrii was not swept from a few specimens of S. loeselii at the same site where it was found on S. elatum, probably because of the insufficient number of host plants examined. No other weevils were found on S. elatum although several specialized and polyphagous species of Ceutorhynchus Germar, Melanobaris Alonso-Zarazaga & Lyal and Aulacobaris Desbrochers (Baridinae) feed on S. loeselii and other species of Sisymbrium. This finding shows that a small relict population of a plant can harbor an assemblage of specialized herbivores as was already shown with respect to another rare Turkish crucifer (Dorofeyev et al. in press). The example of C. sisymbrii shows that a species considered monophagous on a common plant (Sisymbrium loeselii) may feed in great numbers on a remotely related species (S. elatum) in a restricted area. Consequently, any speculations on the origin of the monophagous habit should consider that the species could have used another host in previous times or may exploit a different host in a less investigated part of its range. The latter case is true for the Holarctic Ceutorhynchus querceti Gyll., apparently monophagous on Rorippa islandica Oed. in Europe and North America (Dieckmann 1972), but living in southern Tuva (southwestern Eastern Siberia) on Draba sibirica L. in the absence of Rorippa (Korotyaev 1980). TAXONOMIC TREATMENT Psylliodes pallidicornis Heikertinger, 1921 (type locality: Caucasus, lectotype NHMB, examined). Description: Body length 2.81-3.09 mm, width 1.36-1.63 mm. Color metallic bluish green, pronotum slightly greener than elytron. Antenna yellow basally, gradually darkening beginning with antennomere 4 or 5. Metafemur dark brown, rest of legs yellow (Figs. 3-5). Vertex moderately convex, shiny, evenly covered with well defined punctures (Figs. 6-8). Frontal ridge flat, moderately wide, with sides narrowing towards anterofrontal ridge. Antennal calli flat, much wider than long, trapezoidal, forming nearly 180 angle to each other. Supracallinal sulci poorly developed, but still visible. Supraorbital sulcus very short, but deep. Orbital sulcus deep, situated close to eye margin. Anterofrontal ridge moderately high in middle and laterally, without denticle in middle. Second antennomere shorter than third. Fourth antennomere longer than third and fifth separately. Pronotum wider basally than apically, with sides slightly convex, converging from base to apex. Lateral margin narrowly explanate, basally as narrow as apically. Anterolateral callosity high

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5 Figs. 3-5. Habitus of Psylliodes pallidicornis. 3 - dorsal view of the lectotype. 4 - dorsal view of male. 5 lateral view of male

8 Figs. 6-8. Heads of Psylliodes pallidicornis. 6 female lectotype. 7 - males. 8 female

and long, slightly concave before setiferous pore. Pore situated at dorso-posterior face of callosity. Posterolateral callosity poorly developed. Disc shiny, densely covered with punctures as large as those on vertex. Scutellum slightly wider than long, broadly angulate at apex. Elytron with moderately well developed humeral callus. Sides convex, maximum width in female nearly in middle, in male in basal one third. Apical margin only slightly convex. Apex acutely angulate. Surface shiny, covered with rows of punctures, slightly larger than those on pronotum. Interspaces covered with smaller punctures. Metatibia straight in lateral view, along dorsal ridge. Ventral side slightly convex. Lateral dorsal ridge with 3, 4 relatively large denticles. Medial dorsal ridge with one denticle. First metatarsomere longer than remaining tarsomeres together. First protarsomere of male 1.63 times longer than wide, of female 1.77 times longer than wide. Abdomen in female with five well separated sternites. Tergite nine well developed and sclerotized throughout (Figs. 10, 11). Spermatheca with receptacle much longer than pump (Fig 9). Internal side convex, external concave. Receptacle elongate, much longer than wide, with maximum width below middle. Pump with vertical part wider than horizontal part, curved, with denticle at apex. Vertical part of pump moderately short, shorter than half of horizontal part. Duct reaching further than middle of receptacle, making a few loops at base. Tignum (Figs. 10, 11, 15) slightly curved, abruptly widening anteriorly and posteriorly. Posterior part arrow head shaped with two longitudinal sclerotizations laterally, nearly as wide as anterior part. Vaginal palpus (Figs. 13, 14) with membranous part in middle nearly as long as sclerotized part posteriorly, longer than anteriorly. Posterior scleroti-

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zation narrowing abruptly towards apex. Basal sclerotization variable in shape, but consistently directed laterally and curved. Membrane abruptly narrowing just at point at which sclerotization turns laterally. Median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view (Fig. 12), strongly curved in basal part. Apex with relatively wide, well separated denticle. Ventral groove wide, well separated laterally. Lateral margins converge from base to middle, slightly diverge above middle until about one fifth, converging to apex. Comments: We identified recently collected specimens by comparing them with the lectotype of P. pallidicornis. Although there is some variation in characters between lectotype and newly collected specimens, it is minimal and is undoubtedly either individual or associated with gender (Figs. 3-8). Type material examined: Lectotype, female. Labels: 1) Kaukas, Leder; 2) Psyll. pallidicornis m. type, det. Heiktgr.; 3) Psyll. pallidicornis Type; 4) lectotype, J. Bechyne det., 1956; 5) 1953 Coll. Heikertinger (NHMB).

11 9

10

15 12 13 14

Figs. 9-15. Genitalia of Psylliodes pallidicornis. 9 spermatheca. 10, 11 abdominal tergites 8 and 9 with posterior end of tignum (10 ventral view, 11 dorsal view). 12 median lobe of aedeagus (ventral and lateral views). 13, 14 vaginal palpi. 15 anterior part of tignum

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Material examined: Labels: 1) NE Turkey, Erzurum prov. 39.5 km NW of Ilica, on Sisymbrium elatum, 22.VI.2003, B. Korotyaev; 2) Psylliodes pallidicornis Heikertinger det. A. Konstantinov, 2005 (3 USNM, 3 ZMAS). 9 specimens with the same label except for 1900 m floodland (3 USNM, 3 ZMAS, 3 NHMB) and 11 specimens with the same labels except for 13.VI.2003 (3 USNM, 5 ZMAS, 3 CEUT). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The field study by V.I.D., L.G. and B.A.K. in Northeast Turkey was supported by the Collaborative Linkage Grant No. 978845 of the NATO Life Science and Technology Programme. The work of B.A.K. was supported also by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Grant No. 0104-49641. We thank G. L. Miller and A. L. Norrbom (Systematic Entomology Laboratory, ARS, USDA, Washington, DC), and K. D. Prathapan (Kerala Agricultural University, Trivandrum, India) for reviewing earlier version of this manuscript and providing valuable suggestions. REFERENCES
Adanson, M. 1763. Familles des plantes. Part. 2. Paris. 640 pp. Bechyne, J. 1956. ber die Alticiden-Sammlung Heikertinger (Col. Phytophaga). Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey, Tutzing, 7: 577-598. De Candolle, A.P. 1821. Regni Vegetabilis Systema Naturale. Vol. 2. Parisiis. 745 pp. Dieckmann, L. 1972. Beitrge zur Insektenfauna der DDR: Coleoptera Curculionidae: Ceutorhynchinae). Beitrge zur Entomologie, 22: 3-128. Dorofeyev, V.I., B.A. Korotyaev, & L. Gltekin. A new species of the genus Stroganowia Kar. et Kir. (Cruciferae) from Northeast Turkey and rhynchophorous beetles (Coleoptera, Curculionoidea) associated with it. Bulleten Moskovskogo Obschestva Ispytatelei Prirody (In press). Gruev, B. and M. Doberl. 1997. General distribution of the flea beetles in the Palaearctic Subregion (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Alticinae). Scopolia, 37: 1-496. Heikertinger, F. 1921. Bestimmungstabelle der Halticinengattung Psylliodes aus dem palaearktischen Gebiete mit Ausschluss Japan und der Kanarischen Inseln. Koleopterologische Rundschau, 9(1/3, March): 29-64. Hedge, I.C. 1965. 79. Sisymbrium L. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Edinburg, 1: 481-485. Koch, C. 1854. Plantae novae aut minus cognitae. Appendix generum et specierum novarum et minus cognitarum, quae in Horto Regio Botanico Berolinensi collector: 1015. Korotyaev, B.A. 1980. Material to the knowledge of Ceutorhynchinae (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) of Mongolia and the USSR. Insects of Mongolia, 7: 107-282. Leonardi, C. 1975. Le Psylliodes appeniniche del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona. Bolletino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Verona, 2: 51-90. Leonardi, C. and U. Arnold. 1995. Due nuove specie di Psylliodes della regione mediterranea orientale (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae). Atti. Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali. Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 134(2): 299-311. Lopatin, I. K. 1977. Leaf-beetles (Chrysomelidae) of Middle Asia and Kazakhstan. Nauka Leningradskoe otdelenie, Leningrad. 268 pp. Maleev, V. P. 1941. Tertiary relicts in the flora of Western Caucasus and the main stages of the Quaternary history of the vegetation, pp. 61-144. In: Komarov, V. L. (ed.) Materials on the history of the flora and vegetation of the USSR. 1. Izdatelstvo Academii Nauk SSSR. Moscow, Leningrad, 413 pp.

PENSOFT Publishers The Chrysomelinae Sofia Moscow

Konstantinov, Tishechkin, Penev (eds.) 2005 of Israel and Adjacent Areas (Chrysomelidae: Coleoptera) 89 Contributions to Systematics and Biology of Beetles Papers Celebrating the 80th Birthday of Igor Konstantinovich Lopatin, pp. 89-110

The Chrysomelinae of Israel and Adjacent Areas (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)


A. L. L. Friedman1, I. K. Lopatin2, V. I. Chikatunov1 and H. Ackerman1
1

Department of Zoology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel. E-mail: laibale@post.tau.ac.il 2 Department of Zoology, Byelorussian University, Minsk, Belarus

ABSTRACT
A list of 33 species and 7 subspecies belonging to 8 genera of Chrysomelinae from Israel, Jordan and Sinai (Egypt) is given. Keys to all genera and species, world and local distribution and host plants of each species and genitalia drawings for most species are provided.

KEY WORDS
Chrysomelinae, Israel, Jordan, Egypt, Sinai, keys, faunistic list.

INTRODUCTION The Chrysomelinae are very attractive objects for collectors, both amateur and professional, due to their relatively large body size and marvelous colours. They are widely collected and better known than most other groups of beetles. The first Chrysomelinae from the Middle East were described at the beginning of the modern taxonomic era (Linnaeus 1758, Frster 1771, Fabricius 1775). These works were followed by the taxonomic publications of Olivier (1808), Germar (1824), Mntris (1836, 1849), Kster (1874), Lucas (1849), Reiche & Saulcy (1857), Fairmaire (1865), Marseul (1868), Brggemann (1873), Crotch (1874), Weise (1884, 1898), Achard (1923), Bechyn (1950, 1955), Berti & Daccordi (1974) and Lopatin & Friedman (2003). Several works were devoted to the fauna of the Middle East: Bodenheimer (1937) recorded 20 species of Chrysomelinae from the recent territory of Israel, Bechyn (1955) recorded 16 species from Israel, Lebanon, Syria and Jordan (his list was partly congruent with Bodenheimers), Alfieri (1976) listed eight species from the Sinai Peninsula (in addition to 14 species from other parts of Egypt). Lopatin, Chikatunov & Pavlek (2003) published a list of 35 species, of which several (but not all) Syrian and Lebanese species were cited from the literature, and a few species were named incorrectly (see below comments on individual species). This work is based primarily on the material deposited in the National Collection of Insects, Tel Aviv University, which in recent years has incorporated the collections of the Hebrew University, Yerushalayim, and the collection of Y. Palmoni, Bet Gordon, kibbutz Deganya, as well as of several smaller private collections. Hence this paper is based on the wider range of

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material then Bodenheimer and Bechyn, combining the specimens that they dealt with. This material now represents the collection work of about a century in Israel and in the Sinai Peninsula (during the period it was occupied by the State of Israel (1967-1982)), but contains no material from Lebanon and Syria, and only a few specimens from Jordan (collected in the 1930s). A few specimens labeled as Syrien, Kaifa were actually collected in the northern part of present-day Israel at the beginning of the twentieth century. Hence, despite Syria and Lebanon constitute areas adjacent to Israel, Lebanese and Syrian species have been omitted from this work. We have added three species from Alfieris (1976) list, which have been reported from Sinai, but do not include them in the key. Only those species that are represented in the TAU collection and in the collection of Prof. I. K. Lopatin, and thus are available for study, are keyed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Most of the studied material is deposited in the National Collection of Insects, Zoological Museum, Tel Aviv University, Israel (TAU). Some is deposited in the private collection of Prof. I. K. Lopatin, Minsk, Belarus (LOP). Drawings given in this article were made using a camera-lucida and a stereomicroscope Leica MZ12 and processed by the program Adobe Illustrator 9.0. Measurements were made using a calibrated eyepiece reticule, the total body length was measured as the straight line extending from the labrum to the tip of the elytra, with the specimen viewed dorsally in an appropriate position. The drawings were made by H. Ackerman (figs. 1-6), and by I. K. Lopatin and A. L. L. Friedman (figs. 7-34). Genitalia preparations were made using commonly employed techniques. Extracted genitalia were glued to the glueboards pinned next to the dissected specimens. Terminology follows Lopatin (1984). Transliterated names of localities are according to the Israel Touring Map (1:250,000) and List of Settlements, published by the Israel Survey, Ministry of Labour. Where names of localities have changed, the most recent Hebrew names are given with the old names (Arabic or Latin) cited in parentheses, for example: En Hemed [Aquabella]. Key to the genera of Chrysomelinae 1 Procoxal cavities opened posteriorly ................................................................................................ 2 Procoxal cavities closed posteriorly ................................................... (Subtribe Entomoscelina) 7 2 Interior margin of elytral epipleuron ciliate at apical half ............................................................... ................................................................................................... (Subtribe Chrysolinina)..... Chrysolina Interior margin of elytral epipleuron not ciliate ............................................................................. 3 3 Claws simple ........................................................................................ (Subtribe Chrysomelina)..... 4 Claws dentated basally ......................................................... (Subtribe Gonioctenina).....Gonioctena 4 Elytral punctation regular, arranged in rows; body 2.5X as long as wide; dorsum yellow, with black median stripe on pronotum and along the interior margine of elytron at its basal ; aedeagus as in (fig. 30) ...................................................................... Prasocuris distincta Lucas 1849 Elytral punctation irregular; body no more than 2X long as wide; dorsal coloration different .................................................................................................................................................................. 5 5 Elytral apex pointed, without sutural furrow, colored differently then elytron (usually red or testaceous) .................................................................................................................................. Colaphus Elytral apex not pointed, with sutural furrow, colored similar as elytron ................................. 6

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6 Pronotal base not margined, pronotum bluish-green as in fig. 28 ................................................. ................................................................................................... Plagiodera versicolora Laicharting 1781 Pronotal base margined, pronotum red; aedeagus as in fig. 29 ...................................................... ........................................................................................................ Gastrophysa polygoni Linnaeus 1758 7 Punctation irregular over part or entire elytron; black pattern on pronotum; dorsum semiopaque ................................................................................................................................................. Entomoscelis Punctation regular all over the elytron; no black pattern on pronotum; dorsum shiny ............ ................................................................................................................................................... Cyrtonastes Key to the species of Chrysolina 1 Third tarsomere deeply bilobed apically, lobes pointed distally; metatarsus bare medioventrally in both sexes, only its margin ciliated (fig. 1) .................................................................................. 2 Third tarsal segment shallowly bilobed or not bilobed apically; metatarsus bare ventrally only in female or ciliated in both sexes (fig. 2) ........................................................................................ 5 2 Punctures surrounded by spot of coloration different than the elytron coloration, distance between punctures more then diameter of puncture; aedeagus as in (fig. 7); body length 7-11 mm ......... ........................................................................................................................ Chrysolina compuncta Weise Punctures not surrounded by spot, distance between punctures equal to diameter of puncture or less ....................................................................................................................................................... 3 3 Dorsum bicolorous: pronotum bluish-violet, elytron bronzy, with golden shine; tip of aedeagus not dilated (fig. 8); body length 6-9 mm ............................................ Chrysolina aeneipennis Reiche Dorsum unicolorous; tip of aedeagus dilated (figs. 9, 10); body length 8.5-10 mm ............... 4 4 Body not metallic, black; elytral lateral margines subparallel; aedeagus as in fig. 9 .................... ............................................................................................ Chrysolina grata grata (Faldermann, 1837) Body metallic, violet; elytral lateral margines rounded; aedeagus as in fig. 10 ............................ ........................................................................................................ Chrysolina leonardii Daccordi, 1976 5 Lateral margine of elytron red or orange, opposite to the dark coloration of entire elytron 6 Lateral margin of elytron colored same as entire elytron ............................................................ 9 6 Punctation irregular, not arranged in rows ...................................................................................... 7 Punctation regular, arranged in rows ................................................................................................ 8

Figs. 1-6. Morphological details of Chrysolina spp.: 1. Chrysolina compuncta, hind tarsal segment beneath; 2. C. blanchei, hind tarsal segment beneath; 3. C. chalcites, pronotum; 4. C. peregrina pavida, pronotum; 5. C. didymata syriaca, pronotum; 6. C. bicolor, pronotum.

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7 Inner edge of lateral margin even; ventrum testaceous; elytral punctation minute, interpunctural spaces flat; body length 9-12 mm .................................................. Chrysolina anceyi Marseul, 1868 Inner edge of lateral margin notched; ventrum black; elytral punctation coarse, interpunctural spaces convex; body length 8-11 mm; aedeagus as in fig. 11 .......................................................... ........................................................................................................ Chrysolina gypsophilae Kster, 1845 8 Body 1.7X times as long as wide, less convex; elytral punctation unequal, at apex smaller and less regular than elswere; tip of aedeagus terminates by long, narrow protrusion; body length 6-9 mm (fig. 12) .................................................... Chrysolina marginata sanguineocincta Crotch, 1871 Body 1.4X times as long as wide, more convex; elytral punctation even over entire elytron; tip of aedeagus rounded, not terminateing by protrusion (fig. 13); body length 5.5-7 mm ........... ..................................................................................................... Chrysolina palmyrensis Bechyn, 1955 9 Dorsum not metallic, unicolorous, red or testaceous .................................................................. 10 Dorsum at least partly metallic, sometimes bicolorous .............................................................. 11 10 Sides of pronotum straight; elytral punctation partly irregular; dorsum convex, red, usually very shiny; aedeagus as in fig. 14 ............................................... Chrysolina blanchei Fairmair, 1865 Sides of pronotum rounded; elytral punctation irregular; dorsum dull violet, subshiny, slightly convex .................................................................................. Chrysolina sturmi diversipes (Bedel, 1842) 11 Elytron not metallic, red, testaceous or brown ............................................................................. 12 Elytron metallic ................................................................................................................................... 13 12 Head, pronotum and legs green with metallic or golden shine; elytron unicolorous, red, elytral punctation completely irregular, punctures not black; body twice as long as wide; body length 6-9 mm; aedeagus as in fig. 15 ....................................................... Chrysolina polita Linnaeus, 1758

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Figs. 7-13. Aedeagi of Chrysolina spp.: 7. C. compuncta, dorsal view; 8. C. aeneipennis, dorsal view; 9. C. grata grata, dorsal and lateral view; 10. C. leonardii, dorsal and lateral view; 11. C. gypsophylae, dorsal view; 12. C. marginata sanguineocincta, dorsal view; 13. C. palmyrensis, dorsal view.

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Head, pronotum and legs black, with blue or green shine; elytron bicolorous, testaceous, elytral punctation partly irregular, punctures black; body 1.6X as long as wide; body length 6.5-7.5 mm; aedeagus as in fig. 16 ............................ Chrysolina ruffoi benjaminica Daccordi, 1972 13 Lateral ridges of pronotum incrassate, separated from pronotal disk by deep longitudinal grave all along the pronotum figs. 3, 4 ........................................................................................... 14 Lateral ridges of pronotum not incrassate, if incrassate, separated from pronotal disk by punctures, sulci or shallow grave at the base of pronotum (figs. 5, 6) .................................... 15 14 Pronotal sides rounded (fig. 3); dorsum bronzy or olive-green, shiny; stria not arranged in pairs, interstrial width even, insignificantly paired on the sides; aedeagus as in fig. 17; body length 5.5-7 mm ............................................................................. Chrysolina chalcites Germar, 1824 Pronotal sides straight (fig. 4); dorsum black with bronzy shine; stria arranged in pairs, interstrial width uneven; aedeagus as in fig. 18; body length 8-8.5 mm .......................................................... ......................................................................................... Chrysolina peregrina impavida Bechyn, 1949 15 Pronotum lacks lateral ridges, slightly incrassate laterally; dorsum with strong metallic shine; elytron with longitudinal golden-green, blue or purple strips; pronotum bicolorous; body length 6-7.5 mm; aedeagus as in fig. 19 ......................... Chrysolina coerulans angelica Reiche, 1878 Pronotum with lateral ridges, at least at its base, incrassate laterally; elytron lacks longitudinal strips; pronotum unicolorous; body length 5.5-10.5 mm ........................................................... 16 16 Lateral ridges separated from pronotal disk by coarse, frequently merged punctures all along the pronotum; pronotum bluish violet; elytron metallic green or dark bronzy, covered by coarse punctures, surrounded with blue or violet spots (fig. 5); aedeagus as in fig. 20; body length 9.5-10.5 mm ......................................................................... Chrysolina bicolor Fabricius, 1775

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Figs. 14-22. Aedeagi of Chrysolina spp., dorsal view: 14. C. blanchei; 15. C. polita; 16. C. ruffoi benjaminica; 17. C. chalcites; 18. C. peregrina impavida; 19. C. coerulans angelica; 20. C. bicolor; 21. C. sahlbergi; 22. C. didymata syriaca.

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Lateral ridges separated from pronotal disk by short sulci only at the base of the pronotum (fig. 6); pronotum and elytron of the same coloration, bronzy-brown, bronzy-black or dark blue, elytron covered by colored punctures or punctures surrounded by spots of the opposite color; body length less than 9.5 mm ............................................................................................... 17 17 Body sides rounded; spots more then twice larger then the punctures; body length 7.5-9.5 mm; aedeagus as in fig. 21 ....................................................... Chrysolina sahlbergi Mntries, 1832 Body sides subparallel; spots less then twice larger then the punctures, or punctures colored only inside; body length 5.5-7 mm; aedeagus as in fig. 22 ............................................................... ................................................................................................. Chrysolina didymata syriaca Weise, 1884 Key to species of Colaphus 1 Dorsum slightly opaque; elytral surface smooth, interstrial spaces flat, microgranulated ........ ........................................................................................................... Colaphus apicalis Mntries, 1849 Dorsum shiny; elytral surface rough, interstrial spaces of elytron convex, smooth; aedeagus as in fig. 23 .......................................................................................... Colaphus palaestinus Achard, 1923 Key to species of Gonioctena 1 Pronotum trapezoidal; pronotal sides and elytral sides rounded; coloration dark red to testaceous, rarely dark brown, usually with black spots on pronotum and elytron; elytral puncturation minute, punctures usually not colored, interrow spaces opaque, slightly punctured; tip of aedeagus bilobed (fig. 24); body length 5.4-7 mm ........................................... Gonioctena fornicata Brggemann, 1873 Pronotum transverse; pronotal sides and elytral sides (at least at basal 2/3) sub parallel; coloration light testaceous, without black spots; elytral puncturation coarse, punctures black, interrow spaces shiny, not punctured; tip of aedeagus romboidal (fig. 25); body length 5.5 mm .................................................................................... Gonioctena israelita Lopatin & Friedman, 2003 Key to species of Entomoscelis 1 Black longitudinal strip on pronotal disk does not reach its frontal edge; elytron testaceous, sutural margin black, no discal strip; aedeagus concave dorsally, incrassate laterally, its apex slightly subulate, obtuse at the tip (fig. 26); body length 6.2-8 mm ............................................... ........................................................................................................... Entomoscelis suturalis Weise, 1884 Black longitudinal strip on pronotal disk reaches its frontal edge; elytron testaceous, sutural margin and discal strip black; aedeagus flat dorsally, not incrassate laterally, its apex slightly tapering, rounded at the tip (fig. 27); body length 6.3-7.2 mm ....................................................... ........................................................................................................... Entomoscelis sacra Linnaeus, 1758 Key to species of Cyrtonastes 1 Body ovate, convex; pronotum trapezoidal; elytral punctation arranged in distinct double stria all over the elytron ....................................................................................................................... 2 Body oblong, less convex; pronotum transverse; elytral punctation partly arranged in double rows ......................................................................................................................................................... 3

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23

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Figs. 23-30. Aedeagi of Chrysomelinae: 23. Colaphus palaestinus, dorsal and lateral view (variability of shape of aedeagus); 24. Gonioctena fornicata, dorsal view; 25. G. israelita, dorsal view; 26. Entomoscelis suturalis, dorsal view; 27. E. sacra, dorsal view; 28. Plagiodera versicolora, dorsal view; 29. Gastrophysa polygoni, dorsal view; 30. Prasocuris distincta, dorsal view.

2 Sides of pronotum rounded evenly, nearly smooth, with hardly any punctures only on its lateral and basal parts; elytral puncture rows coarse, interstrial spaces punctured finely; tip of aedeagus (fig. 31); body length 3.8 mm ........................... Cyrtonastes aeneomicans Fairmaire, 1873 Sides of pronotum straight, punctation sparce, on the disk and on the sides; elytral puncture rows shallow, interstrial spaces punctured coarsely; tip of aedeagus (fig. 32); body length 4.34.5 mm .............................................................................. Cyrtonastes ovatus Berti & Daccordi, 1974 3 Pronotum slightly wide then long, frontal angles rounded; pronotal punctation even; tip of aedeagus (fig. 33); body length 4.3 mm .......................... Cyrtonastes phaedonoides Fairmaire, 1873 Pronotum distinctly transverse, frontal angles acute; pronotal punctation sparse on the disk and dense at the base; tip of aedeagus (fig. 34); body length 3.5 mm .......................................... .......................................................................................... Cyrtonastes schereri Berti & Daccordi, 1974 Berti & Daccordi (1974) provided more illustrations of the aforementioned Cyrtonastes species.

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34

Figs. 31-34. Tip of aedeagus of Cyrtonastes spp., dorsal view: 31. Cyrtonastes aeneomicans; 32. C. ovatus ; 33. C. phaedonides; 34. C. schereri.

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ANNOTATED LIST OF SUBFAMILY CHRYSOMELINAE OF ISRAEL, JORDAN AND EGYPT (SINAI) Chrysolina aeneipennis (Reiche & Saulcy, 1858) Distribution: Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Egypt (recorded from Sinai (Wadi Isla) (Alfieri, 1976)). Material examined: ISRAEL: Hermon (New Ativ, 7.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov (1 ex.); 2000 m., 9.VI.1992, A. Freidberg (1 ex.)); Golan Heights (Masada, 20.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov (1 ex.)); Judean Desert (Nahal Yeelim, 17.V.1997, R. Hoffman (1 ex.)); Arava Valley (Timna, 18.III.1995, A. Freidberg (8 ex.)) (all in TAU). Host plants: not recorded. Chrysolina anceyi (Marseul, 1868) Distribution: Syria, Lebanon, Israel. Material examined: ISRAEL: Hermon (Nahal Moran; 4.VIII.1976, Y. Hadar (1 ex.); 2100 m., 16.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov (1 ex.) (all in TAU) ). Host plants: not recorded. Chrysolina bicolor (Fabricius, 1775) Distribution: Mediterranean region. Material examined: ISRAEL: Central Coastal Plain (Beerotayim, 16.I.1957, O. Yarkoni (1 ex.); Pardes Hanna, 4.II.1956, L. Fishelsohn (1 ex.); Ramat Gan, 6.VI.1944 (1 ex.), 18.V.1945 (1 ex.), H. Bytinski-Salz); Southern Coastal Plain (Kerem Shalom, 12.IV.1982, I. Nussbaum (3 ex.)); Northern Negev (Ofaqim, 11.II.1997, L. Friedman (1 ex.); Nevatim, 13.III.1958, J. Kugler (2 ex.); Gevulot, 21.II.1942 (1 ex.); 18.IV.1948, H. Bytinski-Salz (1 ex.); 7.III.1981 (1 ex.), 6.VI.1981 (1 ex.), 18.V.1983, under bark of tamarisk (2 ex.), IV.1988 (1 ex.), all E. Sney-Dor; Beer Sheva, 25.IV, H. Bytinski-Salz (1 ex.); 5 km S Beer Sheva, 25.XII.1942, H. Bytinski-Salz (1 ex.); 15 km S Beer Sheva, 25.XII.1945 (2 ex.), H. Bytinski-Salz; S Beer Sheva, 15.IV.1959, A. Shulov (8 ex.); Zeelim, 1977, E. Shney-Dor (3 ex.); Bor Mashash, 13.III., 1958, J. Kugler (1 ex.); 5.IV.1988, F. Kaplan (10 ex.); Revivim, 2.VIII.1940. H. Bytinski-Salz (3 ex.); 29.IV.1940, H. Bytinski-Salz (3 ex.); 12.IX.1945 (3 ex.); 2.VIII.1958, J. Kugler (1 ex.); Haluza, 17.IV.1968, D. Gerling (2 ex.)); Central Negev (7 km SW Dimona, 17.VIII.1957, J. Wahrman (43 ex.); Yeroham [Bir Rekhme], 11.IV.1948, H. Bytinski-Salz (1 ex.); 3.IV.1951 (1 ex.); 6.IV.1954, L. Fishelsohn (1 ex.); 15.IV.1972, J. Kugler (1 ex.); Tel Yeroham, 15.X.1967, G. Tsabar; 6 km E Yeroham, road to Mamshit [Bir Rechme, road to Kurnub], 29.IV.1950 (1 ex.); Mamshit [Kurnub], 28.IV (1 ex.). 14.VI (1 ex.), all H. Bytinski-Salz; Horbat Rotem - Ashalim, 14.VIII.1983, E. Shney-Dor (1 ex.)); HaMakhtsh haGadl, 15.IV.1969 (1 ex.); Nahal Lavan [Wadi Abyad], 17.XI.1957, L. Fishelsohn (1 ex.); Dead Sea Area (Rosh Zohar, 9.V.1961, O. Theodor (2 ex.)); Beer Mashabim [Bir Asluj], 2.IV.1945, J. Wahrman (9 ex.); 11.IV.1973, Y. Yefenov (3 ex.); 26.XII.1956, A. Weissman (1 ex.)); Arava Valley (Hazeva, 8.VIII.1995, V. Chikatunov (1 ex.)). EGYPT (SINAI): El Arish, 3.V.1925 (1 ex.). (all in TAU). Host plants: Diplotaxis erucoides (Brassicaceae).

The Chrysomelinae of Israel and Adjacent Areas (Chrysomelidae: Coleoptera) Chrysolina blanchei (Fairmaire, 1865)

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Distribution: Turkey, Cyprus, Syria, Lebanon, Israel. Material examined: ISRAEL: Upper Galilee (Dan, 12.V.1998, N. Meltzer (1 ex.); Dafna, 18.VIII.1995, V. Chikatunov (1 ex.); HaTanur, 21.II.1974, D. Furth (4 ex.); Kefar Giladi, 9.IV.1975, P. Amitai (1 ex.); Nahal Bezet [Wadi Karkara], 26.VIII.1962, J. Wahrman (1 ex.); Nahal Dishon, 25.IV.1974, D. Furth ex Salvia sp. (1 ex.); Biriyya, 15.II.1981 (1 ex.); Har Meron, 5.V.1987, F. Kaplan (1 ex.); Kefar Shammay, 3.XI.1986, E. Shney-Dor (1 ex.); Nahal Keziv, 14.I.1998, T. Pavlek (2 ex.); Monfort, 10.III.1981, A. Freidberg (1 ex.); Kabri, 22.II.1960, J. Wahrman (1 ex.), 8.I.1975, A. Freidberg (1 ex.)); Lower Galilee (Bet Shearim, 2.V.1995, V. Chikatunov (1 ex.); HaSolelim, 2.I.1980, D. Furth (1 ex.); Nazerat [Nazareth], 2.I.1980, D. Furth (2 ex.), on Majorana syriaca (1 ex.)); Jordan Valley (Horbat Zemah, 8.XII.1939 (2 ex.); Benot Yaaqov bridge, 14.I.1983, W. Ferguson (1 ex.)), Golan Heights (Senir, 26.V.1999, A. Freidberg (1 ex.); Bab el Hawa, 13.VI.1977, M. Pener (1 ex.); Panyas, 2.II.1981, D. Furth (3 ex.)); Carmel Ridge (Hefa, 8.IV.1924, O. Theodor (1 ex.); Hefa, Carmel, New Shaanan, I.1959, Hirshfeld (1 ex.); Carmel, 3.I.1946 (1 ex.), 25.II.1955 (1 ex.); Yagur, 25.V.1946 (1 ex.); Nahal Oren, 26.XI.1995 (1 ex.), 12.V.1996 (1 ex.), 15.XII.1997 (1 ex.), 7.I.1998 (1 ex.), all V. Chikatunov and T. Pavlek; Daliyya, 20.I.1973, D. Furth (1 ex.); En haShofet, 20.I.1973, D. Furth (1 ex.)); Samaria (Alon Yiz haq, 10.XII.1994, R. Hoffman (1 ex.); Nahal Iron [Wadi Ara], 24.I.1977, M. Kaplan (1 ex.), 5.XII.1981, J. Kugler (1 ex.); Qedumim, 10.XII.2001, L. Friedman (1 ex.); Har Gerizim, Samaritian temple, 19.XII.1990, L. Friedman (1 ex.); Shekhem, 1.III.1973, M. Kaplan (5 ex.)); Northern Coastal Plain (Benyamina, Kabara, 16.XI.1949, H. Bytinski-Salz (4 ex.); Regavim, 31.XII.1977, D. Furth (8 ex.); Akko, 3.I.1976, A. Freidberg (1 ex.)); Central Coastal Plain (Ramat Gan, 1.II.1946 (1 ex.); Tel Aviv, X.1926, F. S. Bodenheimer (1 ex.); Adanim, 16.XI.1978, A. Lupo (1 ex.)), Judean Hills (En Hemed [Aqua Bella], 10.V.1950, J. Wahrman (1 ex.); Yerushalayim, 20.XII.1945 (1 ex.), 5.I.1957, I. Paperna (1 ex.); Qiryat Anavim, 3.XII.1939, A. Shulov (1 ex.); Zova [Suba], 25.II.1950, J. Wahrman (1 ex.); Horbat Qovi [El Qabu], 5.XII.1959, Ritte (2 ex.); Ein Hu sa n, 7.V.1972 (1 ex.)); Arava Valley (Nahal Shezaf, 10.VIII.1999, I. Yarom and V. Kravchenko (1 ex.); Timna, 11.IV.1992, A. Freidberg (1 ex.)). (all in TAU). Host plants: Majorana syriaca, Salvia jerusalemitana (Lamiaceae), Notobasis syriaca (Asteraceae). Chrysolina chalcites (Germar, 1824) Distribution: Europe, Mediterranean region, Daghestan, Iran, Central Asia. Material examined: ISRAEL: En 12, 1922, A. Shulov (1 ex.); Hermon (2000 m., 23.IV.1973, H. Bytinski-Salz (1 ex.); 23.V.1978, A. Freidberg (1 ex.); 1900 m., 3.V.1979, D. Furth (4 ex.); 1800 m., 25.X.1977, D. Furth (1 ex.), 25.X.1978, D. Furth (1 ex.); 3.VIII.1995, V. Chikatunov (1 ex.); 1650 m., 20.IV.1969, H. Bytinski-Salz (1 ex.); 1600 m., 25.X.1977, D. Furth (2 ex.); 1450 m., 27.IV.1978, D. Furth (1 ex.)); Upper Galilee (Har Meron, 1.V.1995, V. Chikatunov (4 ex.); Bet Shammay, 2.V.1994, I. Herold (2 ex.)); Lower Galilee (Kokhav haYarden, 27.III.2001, L. Friedman (1 ex.); Golan Heights (Masada, 28.X.1987, G. Coulon (1 ex.)); Carmel Ridge (Nahal Oren, 12.XI.1994, T. Pavlek (1 ex.); 16.IV.1996 (1 ex.), 13.V.1997 (1 ex.), 27.V.1997 (1 ex.), all V. Chikatunov and T. Pavlek); Yizreel Valley (Sarid, 4.I.1945, H. Bytinski-Salz (1 ex.)); Northern Coastal Plain (Kefar Vitkin, 18.III.1940 (1 ex.); Maagan Mikhael, 4.V.1998, A. Freidberg (3 ex.)); Jordan Valley (Emeq Bet Zayda [Beteha], 6.IV.1978, D. Furth (1 ex.); Teverya, 21.III.1946,

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H. Bytinski-Salz (1 ex.)); Gesher, 25.IV.1978, D. Furth (1 ex.)); Central Coastal Plain (Tel Aviv, 11.IV.1970, H. Bytinski-Salz (1 ex.); Miqwe Yisrael, 8.V.1941, H. Bytinski-Salz (1 ex.)); Judean Foothills (Hulda, 29.I.1978, D. Furth (1 ex.); Latrun, 12.V.1994, V. Chikatunov (1 ex.)); Judean Hills (Yerushalayim [Jerusalem], Reitter (1 ex.); 13.III.1957, M. Weikhselfish (1 ex.); En Hemed [Aqua Bella], 21.V.1965, M. Pener (1 ex.)); Southern Coastal Plain (Bet Guvrin, 25.IV.1981, E. Shney-Dor (1 ex.)). (all in TAU). Host plants: Foeniculum vulgare (Apiaceae). Chrysolina compuncta (Weise, 1898) Distribution: Libya, Turkey, Cyprus, Syria, Israel. Material examined: ISRAEL: Upper Galilee (HaTanur, 26.IV.1974, D. Furth (4 ex.); Manara, 3.VII.1946 (1 ex.)); Lower Galilee (Bet Lehem haGelilit, 10.III.1997, L. Friedman (1 ex.)); Central Coastal Plain (Yarhiv, 3.XI.1977, D. Furth (1 ex.); Hadera, Kefar haRoe, 12.V.1993, V. Chikatunov (5 ex.); Givat Brenner, 16.XI.1944, H. Bytinsky-Salz (3 ex.)); Southern Coastal Plain (Palmahim n], III-IV.1931, Y. Aharoni (1 ex.)), Judean Hills (Yerushalayim, 31.XII.1943 (1 ex.), [Ru b 17.II.1944 (1 ex.), all H. Bytinski-Salz). (all in TAU). Host plants: Artemisia herba-alba, A. monosperma (Asteraceae). Chrysolina grata grata (Faldermann, 1837) Distribution: Egypt: Sinai (recorded from Wadi Isla (Alfieri, 1976)), Caucasus, Central Asia, Iran, Afghanistan. Material examined: EGYPT (SINAI): Jebel Jibal, 2500 m., 28.I.1998, T. Pavlek (1 ex. TAU, 1 ex. LOP). Host plants: Mentha silvestris (Lamiaceae) (Alfieri, 1976). Comments: Reported erroneously as C. grata mellyi (Stl, 1857) (Lopatin et al. 2003). Chrysolina gypsophilae (Kster, 1845) Distribution: Palaearctic region. Material examined: ISRAEL: [Palestine], O. Teodor (1 ex.); Upper Galilee (Hanita, 17.IV.1946, H. Bytinski-Salz (1 ex.)); Lower Galilee (Nazrat Ilit, 27.V.1964 (1 ex.)); Carmel Ridge (Nahal Oren, 13.II.1996, V. Chikatunov and T. Pavlek (1 ex.)); Northern Coastal Plain (Hefa [Syrien, Kaifa], Reitter (1 ex.)); Samaria (Alon Yz haq, 10.XII.1994, R. Hoffman (1 ex.); Biqat Bezeq [Sahl-Ibziq], 8.II.1981, M. Ham (1 ex.)); Central Central Plain (Zahala, 5.V.1981, Y. Zvik (1 ex.)); Southern Coastal Plain (Eqron, 9.IV.1921, Y. Aharoni (1 ex.)); Jordan Valley (Peza`el [El Fasayil], 11.VII.1967, M. Pener (1 ex.)). (all in TAU). Host plants: Salvia sp. (Lamiaceae); Linaria chalepensis, L. albifrons (Scrophulariaceae). Chrysolina leonardii Daccordi, 1976 Distribution: Egypt (Sinai). Material examined: EGYPT (SINAI): Wadi Isla, 22.III.1969, J. Kugler (6 ex. TAU, 1 ex. LOP). Host plants: Mentha silvestris (Lamiaceae).

The Chrysomelinae of Israel and Adjacent Areas (Chrysomelidae: Coleoptera) Chrysolina marginata sanguineocincta (Crotch, 1871)

99

Distribution: Syria, Israel, Egypt (recorded from Sinai: Wadi Isla and El Arish (Alfieri, 1976)), Iraq. Material examined: ISRAEL: Carmel Ridge (Nahal Oren, 27.IV.1995, T. Pavlek (1 ex.)); Golan Heights (Majdal Shams, 20.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov (1 ex.)); Judean Desert (Judean Desert, 12.II.1973, D. Furth (1 ex.); Nahal Qidron, 20.II.1999, T. Pavlek (1 ex.); Arad, 5.I.1971, J. Kugler (2 ex.)); Southern Coastal Plain (Rishon leZiyyon dunes, L. Friedman (1 ex.); Horbat Gemama [Jmama], 24.IV.1957, L. Fishelsohn (1 ex.); Sed Avraham, 22.IV.1952, J. Wahrman (4 ex.)); Dead Sea Area (Yeriho, 22.III.1931, F.S. Bodenheimer (1 ex.); Enot Zuqim, 13.III.1993, V. Chikatunov (1 ex.); NW beach of Dead Sea, 12.III.1992, L. Friedman (1 ex.)); Northern Negev (Be`er Sheva, 30.IV.1948, H. Bytinski-Salz (1 ex.), 15 km S Be`er Sheva (Samol), 23.V.1972 (1 ex.); Gevulot, 18.IV.1973, H. Bytinski-Salz (1 ex.); Bor Mashash, 25.III.1987, A. Shlagman (1 ex.); Nahal Sekher, 8.IV.1979, D. Simon (1 ex.), 5.IV.1988, F. Kaplan (1 ex.); En Mor [Ein Murra], 8.IV.1955, J. Wahrman (1 ex.), [Ein-Mur], 3.II.1981, A. Freidberg (2 ex.)); Central Negev (Shivta [Subeita], 9.IV.1946, H. Bytinski-Salz on Achillea sp. (1 ex.); Nahal Yeelim, 17.V.1997, R. Hoffman (2 ex.); Nahal Ef e, 14.IV.1986, E. Shney-Dor (1 ex.); Nahal Niz zana, 1.IV.1997, B. Krasnov (3 ex.); Sed Boqr, 28.III.1978, D. Furth ex Achillea fragrantissima (4 ex.); Yeroham [Bir Rechme], 13.III (1 ex.), 28.IV (1 ex.), 1.VI (1 ex.), 11.V.1944 (1 ex.), all H. Bytinski-Salz; Yeroham, 3.II.1981, M. Kaplan (1 ex.); 25.III.1987, Y. Zvik (1 ex.); 15.IV.1997, T. Lempert (1 ex.); Park Yeroham, 15.IV.1997, A. Ben-Pazi (1 ex.); Tel Yeroham, 9.IV.1957 (1 ex.); Nahal Nafha, Upper Nahal Zin [Wadi Nafh], 11.IV.1955, H. Lewinsohn (4 ex.); 22.IV.1955, J. Wahrman (6 ex.); 28.III.1987, E. Shney-Dor (3 ex.); Nahal Ramon [Wadi Raman], 25.IV.1950, J. Wahrman (3 ex.); Mizpe Ramon, 22.I.1998, T. Pavlek (1 ex.); Har Horesha, 18.IV.1998, A. Freidberg (2 ex.); Nahal Karkom [Wadi Ideid, Umm Salih], 30.II.1949, J. Wahrman (1 ex.)); Arava Valley (Shizzafon, 7.VIII.1995, V. Chikatunov (1 ex.)). (all in TAU). EGYPT (SINAI): Mt. Katharina, 23.V.1971, H. Bytinski-Salz (1 ex.); 16.IV.1995, T. Pavlek; Mitla, 13.IV.1973, H. Bytinski-Salz (2 ex.); 13.IV.1973, D. Furth (1 ex.); Wadi Tlach, 16.IV.1995, T. Pavlek (6 ex.). (all in TAU). Host plants: Achillea fragrantissima (Asteraceae). Comments: Bechyne (1955) stated that specimens which were reported by Bodenheimer (1937) as C. hyrcana Weise were actually C. marginata sanguineocincta. It seems that C. hyrcana reported by Alfieri (1976) from Sinai also belongs here. Chrysolina coerulans angelica (Reiche & Saulcy, 1858) Distribution: Syria, Israel. Material examined: ISRAEL: Hermon (Har Hermon, 2000 m, 8.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov (1 ex.); 1800 m, 15.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov (1 ex.); 1600 m, 7.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov (1 ex.); 1500 m, 12.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov (1 ex.); Hermon reserve, 21.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov (1 ex.); Zomet Sion, 700 m, 13.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov (1 ex.); New Ativ, 7.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov (1 ex.)); Upper Galilee (Dan, 3.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov (1 ex.); 2 km N Tel Hai, 24.VIII.1972, D. Furth (3 ex.); Dafna, 18.III.1973, M. Kaplan (1 ex.); HaTanur, 13.V.1973; D. Furth (1 ex.); Daliyya, 14.VIII.1954 (3 ex.); Har Meron, 14.IX.1971, H. Bytinski-Salz (3 ex.); Bet Shammay, 24.VI.1972, J. Kugler (1 ex.); Kefar Shammay, 30.IX.1973, M. Kaplan (21 ex.); D. Simon (4 ex.); 6.X.1974, F.

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Kaplan (1 ex.); En Harod, 30.XI.1956, Sh. Citron (1 ex.); Mahanayim, 12.IX.1973, D. Furth (2 ex.)); Lower Galilee (Zalmon, D. Gerling (12 ex.); Pond near HaSolelim, 3.X.2001, on Mentha longifolia, A. Freidberg (1 ex.), L. Friedman (1 ex.)); Golan Heights (Majdal Shams, 20.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov (1 ex.); Panyas, 4.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov (2 ex.); 5.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov (2 ex.); 11.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov (1 ex.); Merom Golan, 18.III.1973, M. Kaplan (8 ex.); Masada, 20.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov (1 ex.); Ein Adura, 30.IX.1968, M. Pener (3 ex.); Fahem, 12.X.1968, D. Gerling (3 ex.); Har Shifon, 18.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov (1 ex.); Hushniyya [Khushniya], 16.X.1972, D. Furth (1 ex.); En Eshhar [Ein Tinne], 11.X.1968, A. Grinberg (4 ex.); 11.X.1968, D. Gerling (3 ex.); J. Kugler (7 ex.); Tannuriyya, 12.X.1968, A. Grinberg (1 ex.); Upper Tannuriyya, 21.IX.1968, A. Grinberg (?) (6 ex.); Horbat haEmir [Waset], 2.III.1984, I. Nussbaum (2 ex.); ye, 15.XII.1972 (6 ex.), 22.I.1973 (3 ex.), 18.III.1973 (5 ex.); 6.V.1973 (1 ex.); 17.XI.1973 (1 Qusb ex.); 21.II.1974 (1 ex.); 24.X.1974 (2 ex.); 4.V.1979 (2 ex.); 3.V.1980 (1 ex.); 3.II.1981 (1 ex.), all D. Furth; 15.IV.1982 (1 ex.), I Yarom (1 ex.); 17.II.1984, Y. Nussbaum (1 ex.)); Carmel Ridge (Nahal Tut, 4.V.1978, D. Furth (2 ex.); 2.III.1979, D. Furth (2 ex.)); Yizre`el Valley (HaZorea, 2.III.1979, D. Furth (1 ex.); New Yaar, 23.III.2000, Y. Friedman, on Micromeria (+ 2 larvae); Tivon, 3.IV.1965 (1 ex.); Geva, 23.I.1943, H. Bytinski-Salz (6 ex.)); Northern Coastal Plain (Binyamina, 29.V.1948, H. Bytinski-Salz (2 ex.)); Jordan Valley (Nahal Tirza [Wadi Fara], 10.XI.1970, H. Bytinski-Salz (12 ex.); Nahal Tirza [W. Faria], 15.II.1979, D. Furth (1 ex.); 21.III.1979, D. Furth (3 ex.); Lower part of Nahal Tirza [Wadi Faria], 19.II.1974, D. Furth (1 ex.); Lower Jordan Valley (1 ex.)); Central Coastal Plain (Hadera, 13.III.1923, O. Theodor (1 ex.); Nahal Taninim, Upper Aviel Dam, 28.VIII. Y. Hershkovitch (1 ex.); Netaim, 22.IX.1958, Ch. Lewinsohn (1 ex.); Tel Aviv, Yarqon, 6.X.1944, H. Bytinski-Salz (6 ex.); Rosh haAyin, 10.IV.1976, A. Freidberg (1 ex.); Lod, V.2000, R. Hoffman (1 ex.)); Southern Coastal Plain b n], III.1931, Y. Aharoni (1 ex.); Rishon leZiyyon, 9.VI.1956, J. Wahrman (2 ex.); (Palmahim [Ru 30.VI.1957, O. Yarkoni, on Rubus sp. (4 ex.); Rehovot, 13.IV.1935, Hecht (1 ex.)); Judean Foothills (Taoz, 26.VIII.1972, D. Furth (3 ex.)); Judean Hills (En Hemed [Aqua Bella], 26.VIII.1972, D. Furth (2 ex.); Manahat [Malacha], 26.VIII.1963, C. Bloudheim (4 ex.)); Judean Desert (Duyuq/ Nueima, 18.IX.1967, M. Pener (4 ex.); M. Broza (3 ex.)); Dead Sea Area (Nahal Yitav [Wadi Auja], 29.IX.1973, D. Furth (4 ex.)). (all in TAU). JORDAN: Amman, 13.VIII.1921, P.A. Buxton (1 ex., TAU). EGYPT (SINAI): (Mt. Katharina, 2300 m., 17.VII.1968, G. Tsabar (1 ex., TAU)). Host plants: Mentha longifolia (Lamiaceae). Chrysolina palmyrensis Bechyn, 1955 Distribution: Israel, Jordan, Egypt (Sinai). Material examined: ISRAEL: [Palaestina], Reitter (1 ex.); Hermon (Har Hermon, 2000 m., 28.X.1968, P. Amitai (1 ex.); 1900 m., 3.V.1979, D. Furth (3 ex.); 1650 m., 26.IV.1978, D. Furth (1 ex.); 1300 m., 24.IV.1969, M. Broza (1 ex.); New Ativ, 7.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov (1 ex.)); Lower Galilee (Nazerat, 4.V.1993, V. Chikatunov (1 ex.); Kokhav haYarden, 26.III.2001, V. Chikatunov (2 ex.)); Golan Heights (Panyas, 16.IV.1988, R. Ortal (2 ex.); 11.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov (1 ex.); Shaar haGolan, 20.XI.1944, Y. Palmoni (1 ex., cotypus)); Carmel Ridge (Nahal Oren, 13.I.1997, V. Chikatunov and T. Pavlek (2 ex.)); Valley of Yizreel (Nahalal, 11.II.1930, Y. Palmoni (2 ex., cotypus)); Samaria (Shilo, 20.I.1981, E. Shney-Dor (2 ex.)); Jordan Valley (Deganya A, 12.III.1939 (1 ex., cotypus), 11-14.XI.1944, Y. Palmoni (1 ex., cotypus); Deganya, 14.XI.1944, J. Palmoni (1 ex.);

The Chrysomelinae of Israel and Adjacent Areas (Chrysomelidae: Coleoptera)

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En Gev, 13.II.1940, Y. Palmoni (1 ex., cotypus)); Judean Foothills (Latrun, 12.V.1994, V. Chikatunov (2 ex.); Hulda, 30.V.1957, O. Yarkoni (1 ex.)); Judean Hills (Bet Shemesh, 12.IV.1993, V. Chikatunov (1 ex.); Yerushalayim, I.1940, H. Bytinski-Salz (1 ex., paratypus); 5.IV.1940, H. Bytinski-Salz (2 ex., 1 paratypus); 16.XI.1940, H. Bytinski-Salz (2 ex.); 13.XII.1956, Y. Werner (1 ex.); 12.I.1957, H. Bytinski-Salz (1 ex.); Maale Adummim, 1.IV.1975, H. Bytinski-Salz (1 ex.)); Judean Desert (Nahal Perat [Wadi Qelt], 24.IV.1927, O. Theodor (1 ex.);14.I.1978, D. Furth (1 ex.)14.IV.1981, D. Furth (1 ex.); 1.IV.1983, D. Gerling (1 ex.)); Southern Coastal Plain (Rishon leZiyyon beach dunes, IV.1991, L. Friedman (1 ex.); Rafiah, 5.I.1943, H. Bytinski-Salz (2 ex., 1 paratypus); Dead Sea Area (Yerushalayim-Yeriho Rt., 9.IV.1937, A. Shulov (1 ex.); 13.II.1940, A. Shulov (1 ex.); Yeriho, 6.XII.1940, H. Bytinski-Salz (5 ex. 2 paratypes); 23.II.1941, H. Bytinski-Salz (1 ex.); 8.III.1976, M. Kaplan (1 ex.); 5 km S Qalya, 15.II.1941, H. Bytinski-Salz (2 ex.); Rosh Zuqim, 29.III.1990, A. Freidberg and F. Kaplan (1 ex.); En Gedi, 3.III.1956, L. Fishelsohn (1 ex.); 26.I.1958, A. Shulov (2 ex.); 28.II.1994, V. Chikatunov (1 ex.)); Northern Negev (Yeroham [Bir Rekhme], 6.IV.1954, L. Fishelsohn (1 ex.); 15.IV.1997, V. Chikatunov (1 ex.); Makhtsh Gadl, near Yeroham, 1.IV.2001, L. Friedman (1 ex.)); Central Negev (Nahal Ef e, 19.IV.1986, E. Shney-Dor (1 ex.)). (all in TAU). JORDAN: W to Kerak, 14.III.1939, Y. Palmoni (1 cotypus, TAU); Kerak, 13.III.1939, Palmoni (1 cotypus, TAU); Wadi Wala, Madaba, (1 ex., LOP). EGYPT (SINAI): Mitla, 13.IV.1972, H. Bytinski-Salz (1 ex., TAU). Host plants: Salvia sp. (Lamiaceae), Verbascum sinuatum (Scrophulariaceae). Chrysolina peregrina impavida Bechyn, 1955 Distribution: Greece (Rhodes), Turkey, Israel, Jordan. Material examined: ISRAEL: Hermon (Har Dov, 21.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov (2 ex.); Har Hermon, 10.VII.1993, V. Chikatunov (1 ex.); 21.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov (1 ex.); 2100 m., 16.V.1969, H. BytinskiSalz (1 ex.), 16.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov (1 ex.); 2000 m., 23.IV.1973, H. Bytinski-Salz (1 ex.), 9.IX.1971, M. Broza & Y. Ayal (1 ex.); 6.V.1975, J. Kugler (1 ex.); 5.V.1977, A. Freidberg (1 ex.), D. Simon (1 ex.); 25.V.1977, A. Freidberg (1 ex.); 1900 m., 3.V.1979, D. Furth (2 ex.); 1800 m., 15.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov (1 ex.); 1600 m., 7.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov (7 ex.); 20.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov (1 ex.); 1450 m., 22.IV.1973, D. Furth (1 ex.); Upper Galilee (Har Meron, 1.V.1995, V. Chikatunov (1 ex.); En Zeitim, 21.V.1997, V. Chikatunov (1 ex.), A. Mayrose (1 ex.)); Lower Galilee (Afeq, 3.IV.1996, V. Chikatunov (1 ex.); Teverya springs, 20.III.1839, H. Bytinski-Salz (1 ex.)); Golan Heights (Merom Golan, 28.V.1996, V. Chikatunov (1 ex.)), Carmel Ridge (Zikhron Yaaqov, 31.IV.1953, L. Fishelsohn (1 ex.)); Northern Coastal Plain (Binyamina, 27.V.1969, H. Bytinski-Salz (1 ex.); Gan Shelomo [Kvuzat-Schiller], 8.II, H. Bytinski-Salz (1 ex.)); Judean Hills (Yerushalayim, Hadassa Hospital, 7.IV.1970 (1 ex.); Gush Ezyon [Et-Zion], 24.VII.1935, A. Rabinovitch (1 ex.)); Southern Coastal Plain (Tel Hadid, 11.IV.1982, E. Shey-Dor (1 ex.)). JORDAN: Aqaba (500-600 m.) near Irit (1 ex.). (all in TAU). Host plants: Foeniculum vulgare (Apiaceae). Chrysolina polita (Linnaeus, 1758) Distribution: Palearctic region. Material examined: ISRAEL: Hermon (2000 m., 8.IX.1971, H. Bytinski-Salz (1 ex.)); Upper Galilee (Tel Dan, 6.V.1979, D. Furth (2 ex.); Hula, 10.V.1940, H. Bytinski-Salz (1 ex.); 14.V.1940,

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H. Bytinski-Salz (4 ex.); 5.II.1944 (2 ex.); 2.VII.1947, H. Bytinski-Salz (2 ex.); 23.VI.1952, J. Wahrman (9 ex.); 1.VI.1978, D. Furth (1 ex.); Mahanayim, 12.IX.1973, D. Furth (7 ex.); 5.VI.1974, D. Furth (1 ex.); 6.X.1974, F. Kaplan (1 ex.)); Golan Heights (Panyas, 8.IX.1971, M. Kaplan (1 ex.); En Eshhar [Ein Tinne], 11.X.1968, A. Grinberg (3 ex.)); Jordan Valley (Reshafim, 10.V.1959 (1 ex.)); Southern Coastal Plain (Tel Aviv, 21.I.1927, F.S. Bodenheimer (1 ex.); Palmahim, ba], IV.1931, Y. Aharoni (1 ex.)); 17.VI.1961, A. Katznelsohn (1 ex.); Kefar Lakhish [El-Qab Central Negev (En Mor [Ein Murra], 8.IV.1961, J. Wahrman (1 ex.)). (all in TAU). Host plants: Lycopus europaeus, Mentha longifolia (Lamiaceae). Chrysolina ruffoi benijaminica Daccordi, 1972 Distribution: Syria, Lebanon, Israel. Material examined: ISRAEL: Northern Coastal Plain (Hadera, 16.II.1996 (1 ex.), 23.II.1996 (6 ex.), 30.II.1996 (3 ex.), 10.XII.1996 (1 ex.), 13.IV.1997 (1 ex.), all R. Hoffman; Nahal Alexander, 8.II.1997, R. Hoffman (1 ex.); Binyamina, Kabara, 16.XI.1940, H. Bytinski-Salz (1 ex.), Netanya, 8.III.1939, A. Shulov (1 ex.)); Central Coastal Plain (Tel Aviv, Tel Barukh, 29.VIII.1978, Y. Hadar (1 ex.), 21.III.1997, A. Freidberg (1 ex.); Ben Beraq, 29.X.1942, H. Bytinski-Salz (2 ex., paratypes); Avihayil, 10.III.1939, A. Shulov (2 ex.)). (all in TAU). Host plants: not recorded. Comments: Reported erroneously as Chrysolina numida Reiche, 1864 (Bechyn 1955) and as Chrysolina aegyptiaca (Olivier, 1808) (Lopatin et al. 2003). The collection contains many specimens determined erroneously by Briant and Bechyn as Chrysolina aegyptiaca (Olivier, 1808). All specimens were collected at coastal dunes. Chrysolina sahlbergi (Mntris, 1836) Distribution: Turkey, Cyprus, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Egypt (Sinai), Caucasus, Iran. Material examined: ISRAEL: [Palaestina], Reitter (1 ex.); [Palestine], O. Theodor (1 ex.), F. S. Bodenheimer (1 ex.); Israel, Q. Yefenov (1 ex.); Upper Galilee (Tel Dan [Tel el Kadi], 26.III.1942 (1 ex.); Har Meron, 6.XII.1924, O. Theodor (1 ex.); Elon, 5.IV.1948, H. Bytinski-Salz (1 ex.)); Lower Galilee (Allonim, 23.III.1945, H. Bytinski-Salz (1 ex.)); Carmel Ridge (Carmel, 10.III.1979, R. Ling (1 ex.); Hefa [Syrien, Kaifa], Reitter (1 ex.), 20.XI.1924, O. Theodor (1 ex.); Damon, 29.IV.1997, R. Hoffman (2 ex.); Bet Oren, 15.IV.1995, V. Chikatunov (3 ex.); Nahal Oren, 2.XII.1967, K. Yefenof (1 ex.); 28.XI.1995 (3 ex.), 23.I.1996 (1 ex.), 5.I.1999 (1 ex.), V. Chikatunov and T. Pavlek); Samaria (Zur Natan, 15.XII.1969 (1 ex.), 15.XI.1978 (1 ex.), XI.1978, Q. Yefenov (2 ex.); Ez Efrayyim, 13.III.1998, L. Friedman (1 ex.)); Northern Coastal Plain (Rosh haNiqra [Ras el Naqura], 29.XII.1942, H. Bytinski-Salz (1 ex.); Akko [Acre], 4.XII.1924, O. Theodor (1 ex.)); Jordan Valley (Gilgal, 12.IV.1971, Q. Yefenov (1 ex.)); Central Coastal Plain (Migdal Afeq [Migdal Zedek], 7.II.1967, J. Kugler (1 ex.); Givat Koah, 24.I.1981, E. Shney b n], 29.I.1945, H. Bytinski-Salz (1 Dor (1 ex.)); Southern Coastal Plain (Palmahim [Nahr Ru ex.)); Judean Hills (Yerushalayim, 14.I.1922, P. A. Buxton (1 ex.); [Ain Karem], 3.XI.1941 (1 ex.), 16.II.1940, H. Bytinski-Salz (1 ex.); 19.I.1942, H. Bytinski-Salz (2 ex.); 1-15.IV.1946, H. Bytinski-Salz (1 ex.); 21.I.1950, J. Wahrman (2 ex.); 30.I.1953, P. Amitai (1 ex.); 18.IX.1961, H. Bytinski-Salz (1 ex.); 21.IV.1961, J. Wahrman (1 ex.); Biddu, 27.I.1980, D. Furth (1 ex.); Er Ram, 5.XII.1940, H. Bytinski-Salz (1 ex.); Deir es-Sheikh, 20.XI.1942 (1 ex.); Gush Ezyon [Et-Zion],

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24.VII.1935, A. Rabinovitch (1 ex.)), Judean Desert (Nahal Qidron, 25.III.1987, Y. Zvik (1 ex.); 7 km E Arad, 21.V.1970 (1 ex.)); Dead Sea Area (Nahal Zeelim [W. Saiyal], 4.III.1955 (1 ex.)). (all in TAU). Host plants: Salvia sp., Ballota saxatilis (Lamiaceae). Comments: Bechyn determined some specimens from Israel as C. orientalis Olivier and C. halysa Bechyn. Further he reported all the specimens as C. halysa and stated that all C. orientalis were C. halysa. We follow the opinion of Kasap (1988) who synonymized C. orientalis and C. halysa with C. sahlbergi on the basis of external morphology and aedeagus structure. Biekowski (Biekowski 2001) considers them as separate taxa. However, all studied specimens show the same internal and external morphological characters. Chrysolina sturmi diversipes Bedel, 1842 Distribution: E. Europe, Siberia, Kazakhstan. Material examined: ISRAEL: (Akko [Acre, Galilee], XII.1924, O. Theodor (1 ex., TAU)). Host plant: not recorded. Chrysolina didymata syriaca (Weise, 1884) Distribution: Greece (Rhodes), Syria, Lebanon, Israel. Material examined: ISRAEL: Hermon (2100 m., 16.V.1969, H. Bytinski-Salz (1 ex.); 22.V.1973, D. Furth (1 ex.); 2000 m., 3.VIII.1995, V. Chikatunov (1 ex.); 1800 m., 3.VIII.1995, V. Chikatunov (1 ex.)); Upper Galilee (HaTanur, 21.III.1974 (1 ex.), 26.IV.1974 (1 ex.), D. Furth; Elon, 23.IV.1945, H. Bytinski-Salz (3 ex.); Har Meron [Jermaq], 16.V.1960, L. Fishelson (1 ex.); En Zetim, 21.V.1997, V. Chikatunov (1 ex.), 15.V.1996, A. Svechkov (1 ex.)); Carmel (Hefa [Syrien, Kaifa], Reitter (2 ex.); Nahal Oren, 16.V.1999, V. Chikatunov & T. Pavlek (3 ex.), 22.V.2001, L. Friedman (1 ex.); Zikhron Yaaqov, 30.III.1952 (1 ex.)); Golan Heights (Majdal Shams, 20.V.2001, V. Kravchenko (1 ex.); Masada, 20.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov (1 ex.); Merom Golan, 6.V.1973, D. Furth (1 ex.); Ani`am, 18.V.1983, F. Kaplan (1 ex.); Maale Gamla, 28.IV.1978, D. Furth (1 ex.); Abu Niola (?), 28.V.1969 (1 ex.)); Yizre`el Valley (Megiddo, 12.IV.1986, E. ShneyDor (1 ex.)); Central Coastal Plain (Givat Brenner, 18.III.1946, H. Bytinski-Salz (3 ex.); Ben Beraq, 21.III.1946, H. Bytinski-Salz (3 ex.); Tel Aviv, 20.V.1992 (1 ex.)); Southern Coastal Plain (Rehovot, 11.IV.1935, Hecht (1 ex.); Ashqelon, 12.IV.1945, H. Bytinski-Salz (3 ex.); Be`eri, 20.IV.1987, E. Shney-Dor (2 ex.)); Judean Foothills (New Shalom, 19.V.1997 (2 ex.), 22.V.1997 (3 ex.), all R. Hoffman; Eshta`ol, 10.IV.1978, D. Furth (3 ex.); Latrun, 12.V.1994, V. Chikatunov (3 ex.)); Judean Hills (Park Canada, 28.V.1983, E. Shney-Dor (1 ex.); 23.V.1987, Y. Zvik (1 ex.); En Hemed [Aqua Bella], 30.IV.1950 (1 ex.),10.V.1950 (1 ex.), all J. Wahrman; Yerushalayim, 30.I.1934, F. S. Bodenheimer (1 ex.); 23.V.1940, H. Bytinski-Salz (1 ex.); Hartuv, 3.III.1954, Bramson (1 ex.)); Judean Desert (Nahal Qidron, 31.III.1978, D. Furth (3 ex.); Rosh Zohar [Ras Zuweira], 19.III.1946, J. Wahrman (1 ex.)); Dead Sea Area (Yeriho,22.III.1931, F.S. Bodenheimer (1 ex.)); Northern Negev (Gevulot, 18.IV.1948, H. Bytinski-Salz (1 ex.)); Central Negev (Yeroham [Bir Rechme], 20.III H. Bytinski-Salz (1 ex.)). (all in TAU). Host plants: Hypericum hircinum (Hypericaceae).

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Gastrophysa (Gastrophysa) polygoni (Linnaeus, 1758) Distribution: Europe, Middle East, Siberia, North America. Material examined: ISRAEL: Hermon (2200 m., 2.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov (1 ex.); 25.VI.1997, V. Chikatunov (1 ex.); 2000 m., 9.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov; 1800 m., 15.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov (1 ex.); 1500 m., 25.VI.1997, V. Chikatunov (1 ex.)); Upper Galilee (Neot Mordekhay, 16.VII.1973, D. Furth (1 ex.); Dan, 3.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov (1 ex.); Gadot, 18.VI.1973, D. Furth (8 ex.); Hula, 26.VI.1974, F. Nachbar (1 ex.); 1.VII.1993, V. Chikatunov (2 ex.), A. Freidberg (1 ex.)); Lower Galilee (Teverya, 3.V.1980, M. Rapilly (5 ex.)); Golan Heights (Panyas, 5.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov (1 ex.); Quneitra, 9.VI.1992, A. Freidberg (2 ex.)); Carmel Ridge (Nahal Oren, 19.III.1996 (1 ex.), 5.VI.1996 (1 ex.), all V. Chikatunov and T. Pavlek); Yizreel Valley (Megiddo, 9.IV.1982, E. Shney-Dor (1 ex.); Bet Alfa, 15.IX.1995, V. Chikatunov (2 ex.)); Jordan Valley (Emeq Bet Zayda [Bteicha (Beach)], 2.VI.1986, A. Freidberg (1 ex.); Pezael [Fazael], 29.III.1986, D. Gerling (1 ex.)); Central Coastal Plain (Nahal Alexander, 22.VI.1996 (1 ex.), 10.V.1997 (1 ex.), all R. Hoffman; Kefar Vitkin, 22.VI.1996, V. Chikatunov (1 ex.); Nahal Poleg, 19.V.1974, D. Furth (2 ex.); 3.V.1997 (1 ex.), 10.V.1997 (3 ex.), 24.V.1997 (1 ex.), 7.VI.1997 (2 ex.), all R. Hoffman; Udim, 29.VI.1996 (2 ex.), 13.VII.1996 (1 ex.), 3.VIII.1996 (1 ex.), all R. Hoffman; Gaash, 14.IV.1973, D. Furth (2 ex.); 17.VI.1973, D. Furth (6 ex.); 7.IV.1978, A. Freidberg (1 ex.); Tel Aviv, Ramat Aviv, 15.III.1995, V. Chikatunov (3 ex.); Migdal Afeq [Migdal Zedek], 22.XII.1993, A. Freidberg and F. Kaplan (1 ex.)); Judean Hills (Qiryat Anavim, 20.V.1973, D. Furth (4 ex.)); Southern Coastal Plain (Qiryat Gat, 5.V.1996, V. Chikatunov (2 ex.)); Northern Negev (Dimona, 27.V.1973, D. Furth (1 ex.)). (all in TAU). Host plants: Rumex spp., Polygonum lanigerum (Polygonaceae). Plagiodera versicolora (Laicharting, 1781) Distribution: Palearctic region. Material examined: ISRAEL: Golan Heights (Panyas, 18.VII.1995, V. Chikatunov (1 ex.); 27.V.1999, L. Friedman (10 ex.); 27.V.1999, A. Freidberg (4 ex.); 27.V.1999, V. Chikatunov (1 ex.)). (all in TAU). Host plants: Salix spp. (Salicaceae). Prasocuris (Prasocuris) distincta Lucas, 1849 Distribution: Eastern Mediterranean region. Material examined: ISRAEL: Upper Galilee (Gadot, 7.V.1973, D. Furth (1 ex.)); Lower Galilee ye, 31.I.1978 (5 ex.), 22.II.1978 (1 (Yavneel, 21.II.1973, D. Furth (3 ex.)); Golan Heights (Qusb ex.), 28.IV.1978 (3 ex.), 3.V.1980, D. Furth (1 ex.); Merom Golan, 27.IV.1978, D. Furth (1 ex.)); Carmel Ridge (Nahal Tut, 2.III.1979, D. Furth (3 ex)), Yizreel Valley (En Harod, 17.II.1940, H. Bytinski-Salz (1 ex.)); Northern Coastal Plain (Nahal Barqan, 1-15.III.1997, R. Hoffman (4 ex.); En Arubot, 8.III.1999, A. Gazith & S. Gafni (1 ex.)), Southern Coastal Plain (Miqw b n], II.1931 (2 ex.), III.1931 (1 ex.), Yisrael, 20.III.1945, H. Bytinski-Salz (1 ex.); Palmahim [Ru all Y. Aharoni). (all in TAU). Host plants: Veronica spp., Chaenorhinum persicum (Scrophulariacea).

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Distribution: Mediterranean region, Iran, C Asia. Recorded from Egypt (Sinai, Wadi Helal) (Alfieri, 1976). Host plants: not recorded. Comments: the record from Israel (Bodenheimer 1937) is doubtful, probably misidentification of C. palaestinus Achard. Colaphus palaestinus Achard, 1923 Distribution: Israel, Egypt (Sinai). Material examined: ISRAEL: Samaria (Nahal Tirza, 18.IV.1974, D. Furth (4 ex.); Nahal Milha, 28.II.1998, T. Pavlek (1 ex.); Sartava, 31.I.1987, E. Shney-Dor (1 ex.); Gilgal, 16.II.1979, D. Furth (1 ex.); Jordan Valley (En Gev [Ein Geb], 4.IV.1942, H. Bytinski-Salz (1 ex.); Hammat Gader [El Hamme], 20.IV.1942, H. Bytinski-Salz (1 ex.); 9.I.1978, D. Furth (2 ex.), 8.V.1997, V. Chikatunov (2 ex.); Gesher, 20.III.1974 (3 ex.), 27.IV.1974 (11 ex.), 31.I.1978 (1 ex.), 6.IV.1978 (1 ex.), all D. Furth; Sed Eliyyahu, 20.III.2001, L. Friedman (2 ex.); Bet Yosef, 19.III.1974, D. Furth (2 ex.); Har Yizpor [Um Daraj], 18.IV.1978, D. Furth (1 ex.)); Southern Coastal Plain b n], 10.IV.1962, A. Gadish (1 ex.)); Foothills of Judea (Ben Shemen, (Palmahim [Nebi Ru 26.XII.1926, F. S. Bodenheimer (1 ex.); Zomet haEla, 4.IV.1999, A. Freidberg (3 ex.); Hartuv, 3.III.1954 (1 ex.), 27.II.1955 (1 ex.); Bet Guvrin, 25.IV.1981 (1 ex.), E. Shney-Dor (1 ex.); Mizpe Gay, 16.IV.1997, L. Front (1 ex.), Judean Hills (Maale Adummim, 9.III.1973, M. Tintpulver (3 ex.), 24.III.1981, D. Furth (1 ex.); Judean Desert (Nahal Perat [Wadi Kelt], 18.IV.1974, D. Furth (1 ex.), 1.IV.1983, D. Gerling (1 ex.); Khurashe, 22.IV.1952, J. Wahrman (4 ex.); Ein Fawar, 10.II.1977, M. Tintpulver (1 ex.); Abde, 6.IV.1954, L. Fishelsohn (1 ex.); Arad, 12.IV.1963 (1 ex.), 27.IX.1964, P. Amitai (1 ex.), 24.XI.1964, Blondheim (3 ex.); Mezada, 21.IV.1992, G. Blokh (1 ex.)), Dead Sea Area (Nahal Yitav [Wadi Auja], 29.XI.1972 (1 ex.), 18.IV.1974 (2 ex.), 21.III.1978 (4 ex.), all D. Furth, 6.IV.1981, E. Shney-Dor (1 ex.); Wadi Makkk, 30.III.1973, D. Furth (1 ex.); Yeriho, 30.I.1922, P. A. Buxton (1 ex.) 1931, F. S. Bodenheimer (3 ex.), 1.I.1942, H. Bytinski-Salz (1 ex.), 1.V.1943, H. Bytinski-Salz (1 ex.), 14.II.1974 (1 ex.), 18.III.1974 (1 ex.), 13.IV.1978 (1 ex.), all D. Furth; Qalya, 8.III.1974, M. Kaplan (1 ex.), 24.II.1981, D. Furth (1 ex.); En Qane [Ein Turaba], 24.II.1981, D. Furth (1 ex.); 30.IV.1997, V. Chikatunov (1 ex.); Nahal Qidron, 21.III.1978, D. Furth (1 ex.); Nahal Qumeran, 6.III.1974, D. Furth (1 ex.), 25.III.1987, Y. Zvik (1 ex.); Mizpe Shalem, 22.III.1978, D. Furth (6 ex.), 3.II.1998, L. Friedman on Malva sp.(9 ex.); En Gedi, 2.III, H. Bytinski-Salz (1 ex.); 9.IV, H. Bytinski-Salz (4 ex.), 26.III.1957, A. Shulov (21 ex.), 14.III.1958, J. Wahrman (1 ex.), 31.III.1974, D. Furth (2 ex.), 22.III.1978 (1 ex.); Rosh Zohar, 11.IV.1961, J. Wahrman (1 ex.); W. Makoulik, 31.III.1974, D. Furth (14 ex.); Maale Yair, 8.IV.1998, N. Meltzer (1 ex.);); Arava Valley (Hazeva, 7.III.1974 (1 ex.), 22.III.1978, all D. Furth (2 ex.); Yahel, 13.III.1994, A. Freidberg (11 ex.); Northern Negev (Lahav, 15.IV.1997, O. Shnayder (1 ex.); Shivta, 27.III.1952, J. Wahrman (6 ex.), 12.II.1997, V. Chikatunov (3 ex.); Ofaqim, 2.III.2001, L. Friedman (6 ex.); 15 km S Be`er Sheva, 8.IV.1961, H. Bytinski-Salz (2 ex.); Nahal Lavan [Wadi Abyad], 24.III.1952, J. Wahrman (1 ex.); Zomet haNegev, 2.III.1979, J. Kugler (1 ex.); Nahal Sekher, 1.IV.2001, L. Friedman (2 ex.); Bor Mashash, 5.IV.1997, R. Hoffman (1 ex.), 25.IV.1997, V. Chikatunov (17 ex.); Mash`abe Sade, 7.IV.1964, J. Kugler (1 ex.), 19.III.1978, D. Furth (3 ex.), A. Freidberg (1 ex.), 23.II.1979, D. Furth (3 ex.), 12.III.1981, D. Furth (6 ex.); 12.II.1995, V.

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Chikatunov (1 ex.); Yeroham, 29.I.1962 (1 ex.), 8.IV.1964, J. Kugler (3 ex.), 9.IV.1967 (2 ex.), 18.IV.1967 (larvae) 5.V.1967 (imago) (2 ex.), 15.IV.1997, V. Chikatunov (1 ex.), T. Lempert (1 ex.); Maagar Yeroham, 15.IV.1997, L. Friedman (2 ex.); Southern Negev (Nahal Uvda, 22.II.1966, Blondheim et al. (2 ex.); Biqat Uvda, 10.I.1995, J. Halperin (1 ex.); Central Negev (Nahal Yeelim, 7.IV.1998, A. Trua (2 ex.), 8.IV.1998, V. Chikatunov (3 ex.); Mezad Zafit, 2.IV.1983, I. Yarom (1 ex.); Nahal Niz zana, 5.IV.1979, M. Kaplan (1 ex.); Har Boqr, 23.III.1979, J. Kugler (13 ex.); Nahal Boqr, 28.III.1978, D. Furth (1 ex.), 23.II.1979, D. Furth (3 ex.); Sed Boqr, 25.I.1958, A. Shulov (1 ex.), 12.III.1974, D. Furth (5 ex.), 28.III.1978, D. Furth (1 ex.), 27.VI.1986, E. ShneyDor (1 ex.), 16.IV.1997 (1 ex.), 7.IV.1998, A. Freidberg (2 ex.), 8.IV.1998, V. Chikatunov (2 ex.); Sed Boqr Field School, 16.V.1997, A. Maklakov (1 ex.); Makhtsh Gadl, 13.III.1981, D. Furth (5 ex.); En Yorqeam, 2.IV.1983, I. Yarom (3 ex.); Nahal Revivim, 12.III.1974, D. Furth (2 ex.); En Avdat, 11.IV.1975, A. Freidberg (1 ex.), 28.II.1980, D. Furth (1 ex.), 15.IV.1980, J. Kugler (5 ex.), 12.III.1981, D. Furth (1 ex.), 16.IV.1997, A. Freidberg (2 ex.), T. Lempert (1 ex.); Nahal Nafha, Upper Nahal Zin [Wadi Nafh], 20.IV.1950, J. Wahrman (1 ex.), 29.IV.1959, J. Wahrman (1 ex.), 10.IV.1961, H. Bytinski-Salz (11 ex.), 11.IV.1961, Z. Wolberg (1 ex.), 8.IV.1964, J. Kugler (3 ex.); Makhtsh Gadl, near Yeroham, 1,IV.2001, L. Friedman (14 ex.); Har Horesha, 900-1000 m, 18.IV.1998, A. Freidberg (2 ex.); Nahal Loz, Har Ramon, 900 m, 14.IV.1992, A. Freidberg (1 ex.); Har Ramon, 6.IV.1979, J. Kugler (2 ex.); Mizpe Ramon observatory, 17.III.1995, A. Freidberg (2 ex.); Above Makhtsh Ramon, 5.IV.1979, M. Kaplan (2 ex.); Mizpe Ramon, 5 km N, 17.III.1995, A. Freidberg (1 ex.); Makhtsh Ramon, 25.IV.1950, J. Wahrman (2 ex.), 23.IV.1988, T. Feler (8 ex.)). (all in TAU). EGYPT (SINAI): Mitla, 12.III.1973, D. Furth (2 ex.). (all in TAU). Host plants: Lepidium hirtum, Diplotaxis heterocarpum, Sisymbrium officinale (Brassicaceae). Comments: This species is highly variable in the colouration (different variants of green and blue with different degrees of metallic luster), in body size and in the shape of aedeagus (penis from parallel sided to tapering with apex from widely rounded to pointed) (Fig. 23). About 50 males of C. palaestinus were dissected, but no correlation between the external morphology and the variation of shape of genitalia was found. Colaphus pulchellus Lucas, 1849 Distribution: Described from Mauritania, recorded from Egypt (Sinai) (Alfieri (1976)). Host plants: not recorded. Gonioctena fornicata Brggemann, 1873 Distribution: Europe, Eastern Mediterranean region. Material examined: ISRAEL: Upper Galilee (Dafna, 13.V.1945, H. Bytinski-Salz (1 ex.); Kefar Blum, 15.V.1945, H. Bytinski-Salz (9 ex.); HaTanur, 21.III.1974, D. Furth (2 ex.); Dishon, 8.V.1984, A. Freidberg (1 ex.); Gadot, 12.V.1973, D. Furth (7 ex.)); Jordan Valley (Korazim, 2.V.1963, Meltzer (1 ex.); Golan Heights (Merom Golan, 6.V.2000, V. Chikatunov (1 ex.)); Carmel Ridge (Nahal Oren, 13.II.1996 (1 ex.), 5.III.1996 (1 ex.), V. Chikatunov and T. Pavlek); Northern Coastal Plain (Hefa, Checkpost, 2.III.1997, T. Pavlek (1 ex.); 8.II.2000, V. Chikatunov and T. Pavlek (3 ex.) ; Nahal Barqan, 10.V.1997, R. Hoffman (1 ex.)); Central Coastal Plain (Migdal b n], II Afeq [Migdal Zedek], 7.II.1967, J. Kugler (8 ex.)); Southern Coastal Plain (Palmahim [Ru

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ba], II.1930, Y. Aharoni (1 ex.)); (1 ex.), II-III.1930 (1 ex.), all Y. Aharoni; Kefar Lakhish [El-Qab Judean Hills (Hartuv, II.1955 (1 ex.)). (all in TAU). Host plants: Rubus sanctus (Rosaceae). Gonioctena israelita Lopatin & Friedman, 2003 Distribution: Israel. Material examined: ISRAEL: Dead Sea Area (Enot Zuqim, 28.II.1994, V. Chikatunov (1 ex., TAU)). Host plants: collected on Tamarix nilotica (Tamaricaceae). Comments: Gonioctena friedmani Lopatin 2001 reported by Lopatin et al. (2003) is lapsus calami, it refers to Calomycrus friedmani Lopatin 2001, which was omitted from Galerucinae and erroneously assigned to Chrysomelinae. Cyrtonastes aeneomicans (Fairmaire, 1861) Distribution: Syria, Israel. Material examined: ISRAEL: Carmel Ridge (Hefa, 4.XII.1945, H. Bytinski-Salz (1 ex., TAU)). Host plants: not recorded. Cyrtonastes ovatus Berti & Daccordi, 1974 Distribution: Syria, Israel. Material examined: ISRAEL: Carmel Ridge (Nahal Oren, 26.XII.1994, T. Pavlek (1 ex.); XII.1995 (1 ex.), I.1996 (1 ex.), all V. Chikatunov and T. Pavlek). (all in TAU). Host plants: not recorded. Cyrtonastes phaedonoides (Fairmaire, 1873) Distribution: Israel. Material examined: ISRAEL: [Palaestina] Reitter (1 ex., TAU). Host plants: not recorded. Cyrtonastes schereri Berti & Daccordi, 1974 Distribution: Israel. Material examined: ISRAEL: Judean Hills (Yerushalayim [Jerusalem], Reitter (1 ex.); Adullam, 16.XI.2001, Y. Mandelik (1 ex.)). (all in TAU). Host plants: not recorded. Entomoscelis sacra (Linnaeus, 1758) Distribution: Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Egypt (Sinai (Alfieri 1976)), Iran. Material examined: ISRAEL: Hermon (Har Hermon, 1600 m., 7.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov (1 ex.); New Ativ, 7.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov (1 ex.)); Golan Heights (Panyas, 4.VI.1993, V.

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ye, 28.IV.1978, D. Furth (1 ex.)); Upper Galilee (Tel Dan [Tel el Kadi], Chikatunov (1 ex.); Qusb 30.III.1942, H. Bytinski-Salz (1 ex.)); Carmel Ridge (Hefa, 27.III.1942, H. Bytinski-Salz (1 ex.); Nahal Oren, 18.III.1996, (1 ex.), 13.VIII.1996 (1 ex.), all V. Chikatunov and T. Pavlek; Zikhron Yaaqov, 31.IV.1953 (1 ex.); 3.IV.1960, Ch. Lewinsohn (17 ex.)); Northern Coastal Plain (Binyamina, V.1940 (1 ex.); 25.III.1942, H. Bytinski-Salz (8 ex.)); Jordan Valley (10 km W Menahemya, 27.XII.1956, P. Amitai (1 ex.); Deganya; 18.III.1943, H. Bytinski-Salz (1 ex.); Tel-Diblaca, 10.II.1986, Y. Zvik (1 ex.); Central Coastal Plain (Tel Aviv, 8.V.1945 (2 ex.), 10.V.1971 (3 ex.), all H. BytinskiSalz; Migdal Afeq [Migdal Zedek], 7.II.1967, J. Kugler (4 ex.)); Southern Coastal Plain (Nahal Soreq, IV.1992, L. Friedman (1 ex.); Sharsheret, 1.IV.1978, D. Furth (3 ex.); Qiryat Gat, 19.IV.1977, A. Freidberg (4 ex.); F. Kaplan (3 ex.); Shemurat Gat, 21.III.1971, Y. Yefenov (2 ex.); Eqron, IV.1931, Y. Aharoni, on wheat (1 ex.); Urim, 31.IV.1942, H. Bytinski-Salz (4 ex.); Kefar Menahem, 12.IV.1952 (1 ex.); Rafiah, 26.XII.1956, N. Rone (1 ex.); 25.XII.1957, J. Machlis (1 ex.)); Judean Foothills (Ben Shemen, 1954 (1 ex.); Shaar haGay [Bab el Wad], 17.IV.1942, H. Bytinski-Salz (1 ex.); Ramat Razi`el, 12.III.2001, V. Chikatunov (1 ex.)); Judean Hills (Yerushalayim [Jerusalem], Reitter (1 ex.); I. (1 ex.); 29.III.1927, O. Theodor (3 ex.); 15.IV.1935 (1 ex.); 28.IV.1941, H. Bytinski-Salz (1 ex.); 16.IV.1945, M. Costa (2 ex.); 1.II.1955 (1 ex.); 2.V.1957 (1 ex.); 8.V.1974, D. Furth (4 ex.); Abu Dis, 5 km SE Yerushalayim, 30.I.1973 (1 ex.); Hartuv, 31.III.1952 (1 ex.); Nahal Etan, 12.IV.1959, J. Krystal (2 ex.)); Judean Desert (Maale Adummim, 18.II.1972, M. Pener et al. (1 ex.); 11.II.1973, M. Tintpulver (1 ex.); 13.IV.1978, D. Furth (1 ex.); 16.IV.1980, M. Ilan (1 ex.); 18.IV.1990, Y. Zvik (11 ex.); Nahal Perat [Wadi Qelt], 18.IV.1974 (7 ex.), 18.II.1978 (1 ex.), all D. Furth; Abde, 18.Iv.1952, J. Wahrman (3 ex.)); Dead Sea Area (Nahal Qumeran, 18.II.1997, V. Chikatunov (1 ex.); Enot Qane [Tureibe], 12.III.1959, J. Wahrman (1 ex.); W. Makoulik, 31.III.1974, D. Furth (11 ex.); Be`er Mash`abim [Bir Asluj], 17.I.1957, O. Yarkoni (1 ex.)); Northern Negev (Berosh, 14.V.1964, Margalit & Kamon (12 ex.); Beror Hayil [Brer], 14.IV.1947, H. Bytinski-Salz (1 ex.); Lahav, 8.IV.1962, H. Bytinski-Salz (1 ex.); Lehavim,17.IV.1998, L. Friedman (1 ex.); 13 km N Be`er Sheva, 17.XII.1963, Blondheim (1 ex.); Be`er Sheva, 10.IV.1942, H. Bytinski-Salz (1 ex.), 9.VII.2001, L. Friedman (1 ex.); 6-7 km S Be`er Sheva, 19.II.1964, Margalit & Kamon (2 ex.); Revivim, XII.1956 (1 ex.); Nahal Besor, 17.IV.1984, E. Shney-Dor (2 ex.)); Central Negev (Arad, 24.XI.1964, Blondheim (6 ex.); Dimona, 12.III.1959, J. Wahrman (2 ex.); 27.II.1964, S. Posnansky (2 ex.); Mamshit [Kurnub], 18.IV, H. Bytinski-Salz (1 ex.); 28.III.1965 (1 ex.); Tel Yeroham, 15.IV.1955 (1 ex.); 9.IV.1957, Ch. Lewinsohn (2 ex.); 17.IV.1972, F. Nachbar (1 ex.); Nahal Nafha, Upper Nahal Zin [V. Nafkhe], 11.IV.1961, Z. Wolberg (1 ex.); Makhtsh Gadl, 27.III.1959, J. Kugler (1 ex.); Har Ramon, 19.IV.1967, J. Kugler (1 ex.); Har Horesha [Dj. Hureisha], 21.IV.1952 (1 ex.)). (all in TAU). EGYPT (SINAI): El Arish, 25.XII.1956, Ch. Lewinsohn (1 ex.); El Arish - J. Libni road, 26 km N of Libni cross, 12.I.1957, P. Amitai (1 ex.). (all in TAU). Host plants: Sinapsis alba, Malcomia sp. (Brassicaceae). Entomoscelis suturalis Weise, 1884 Distribution: Eastern Mediterranean region. Material examined: ISRAEL: Hermon (Har Hermon, 2000-2100 m., 26.VI.1997, A. Freidberg (1 ex.); 2000 m., 25.V.1996, R. Hoffman (1 ex.); 27.VI.2000, T. Pavlek (5 ex.); 1900 m., 7.VII.1987, J. Kugler (1 ex.); 1750 m., 8.VII.1987, A. Freidberg (7 ex.); 1700 m., 8.VII.1987, J. Kugler (4 ex.); 16.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov (1 ex.); 1600 m., 2.V.1975, J. Kugler (4 ex.); 6.X.1975, A. Freidberg (1 ex.); 8.VII.1987, J. Kugler (1 ex.); 1500 m., 16.VI.1993, V. Chikatunov (1 ex.)). (all in TAU).

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Host plants: Glaucium oxylobum (Papaveraceae), Scrophularia sp. (Scrophulariaceae), Adonis dentata (Ranunculaceae). Entomoscelis cornea Abeille de Perrin, 1897 Distribution: Described from Algeria and Tunis, recorded from Egypt (Sinai: Wadi Isla) (Alfieri, 1976). Host plants: not recorded. ZOOGEOGRAPHY The area of the South-Eastern Mediterranean coast, surveyed in this paper, comprises of great variety of zoogeographical zones. Although the chrysomeline fauna, hence comprises many zoogeographical elements, it is clearly palaearctic. About one third of the aforementioned species are endemic to the area of southern Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan and Sinai. Eight species and local subspecies of four widely distributed palaearctic species of Chrysomelinae are endemic to the Mediterranean zone. C. ruffoi benjaminica is an inhabitant of the strip of coastal dunes, stretching from Lebanon till continental Egypt. C. leonardii is the local endemic of Sinai. C. palaestinus is mostly a desert species, but it is also found in the Mediterranean zone, especially in the Jordan Valley. The two latter species can be considered as a Saharan element. C. grata grata is the only species that can be considered an Irano-Turanian element, being distributed from Sinai to Central Asia. The rest of the species have a wider distribution in parts of the Mediterranean area or throughout it (6), in Europe, the Middle East, Central Asia and Siberia (8), or throughout the Palaearctic region (3). No Afrotropical or Palaeotropical elements were found. We included C. pulchellus and E. cornea, because Alfieri (1976) listed them for Sinai, although they might be misidentifications. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are grateful to Dr. A. Freidberg, curator of the National Collection of Insects, and Mrs. Naomi Paz, Department of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Israel for reviewing an earlier draft of the manuscript. REFERENCES
Abeille de Perrin, E. 1897. Description de deux Entomoscelis palarctiques (Coleoptera). Bulletin de la Socit Entomologique de France, 3:42-44. Alfieri, A. 1976. The Coleoptera of Egypt. Memoires de la Societe Entomologique DEgypte. Atlas Press Cairo, 5: 1-361. Bechyn, J. 1955. Notes sur les Chrysolini (Coleoptera; Chrysomelidae) de la Mditerrane orientale. Bulletin of the Research Council of Israel, 4: 347-350. Berti, N. & Daccordi M. 1974. Les Cyrtonastes (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae) (1re partie). Annales de la Socit Entomologique de France (N. S.), 10 (3): 593-610. Biekowski, A. O. 2001. A study of the genus Chrysolina Motschulsky, 1860, with a checklist of all the described subgenera, species, subspecies and synonyms (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae). Genus, 112 (2): 105-235.

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Bodenheimer, F. S. 1937. Prodromus Faun Palestin. Memoires a lInstitut dgypte. Tome TrenteTroisime. Chevrolat, L. 1837. Catalogue des Coleopteres de la Collection, P. E. Dejean ed. Bulletin la Socit entomologique de France, 14: 402-420. Chevrolat, L. 1843. Dictionnaire Universel dHistorie Naturelle, Ch. dOrbigny ed. Paris, 3: 656. Daccordi, M. 1971. Descrizione di una nuovo specie e di una nuovo sottospecies di Chrysomela appartenenti al sottogenre Palaeosticta Bechyn (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Memoire del Museo Civica di Storia naturale di Verona, 19: 511-518. Daccordi, M. 1976. Considerazioni sulle Crosita del sottogenere Bittotaenia Motchulsky con descrizione di una nuova specie del monte Sinai. Atti Societa Italiana Science naturale del Museo Civica di Storia naturale di Milano, 117, 1-2: 79-84. Fabricius, J. C. 1775. Systema Entomologia. Flensburgi and Lipsiae, Korte, 8: 1-832. Fairmaire, L. 1865. Monographie des Chrysomles de Suffrian. Annales de la Socit Entomologique de France, 4 (5): 37-82. Faldermann, F. 1837. Fauna Entomologica Trans-caucasica. 2. Nouve Memoires de la Societe Naturale Moskou, 5: 1-538. Forster, J. 1771. Novae species Inspectorum. London. Pp. 1-100. Germar, E. F. 1824. Inspectorum species novae aut minus cognitae descriptionibus illustratae. Coleoptera. Halae. Pp. 24-624. Kasap H. (1988). A list of some Chrysomelidae (Col.,Chrysomelidae) from Turkey, Part I: Leptinotarsa, Crosita and Chrysomela (=Chrysolina). Trkiye Entomoloji Dergisi, 12(1): 23-31 Kster, H. C. 1847. Die Kfer Europas. Nrnberg, 9: 81. Laicharting, 1781. Verzeichniss und Beschreibung der Tyroler Insecten (Col.), 1. Zuerich, 248 pp. Latreille, P. A. 1829. Coleoptera. In Regne Animal Cuvier. Paris, 2nd ed. 5: 132-155. Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae. Holmiae, 10th ed. Pp. 1-324. Lopatin, I. K. 1984. Leaf Beetles (Chrysomelidae) of Central Acia and Kazakhstan. Oxonian press Pvt, New Delhi. Pp. 1-416. Lopatin, I. K., V. Chikatunov & T. Pavlek, 2003. Catalogue of the beetles (Coleoptera) of Israel and adjacent areas: 3. Chrysomelidae (except Alticinae). Zoology in the Middle East, 28: 87-112. Lopatin, I.K. & Friedman, A.L.L. 2003. Gonioctena israelita sp. n., a new of leaf beetles from Israel (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Zoosystematica Rossica, 11(2), 2002: 343-345. Lucas, P. H. 1849. Exploration scientifique de lAlgeria. Zoologie, Paris, 2: 542-546. Marseul, S. A. de. 1868. Description despces nouvelles. LAbeille, Mmoires dEntomologie 5: 171-218. Medvedev, L. N. 1972. The ways of evolution and phylogeny of Chrysomelidae. Trudy XIII Mezhdunarodnogo entomologicheskogo Kongressa, 1: 271. Motchulsky, V. 1845. Dr. L. v. Schrenks Reisen und Forschungen in Amur-Lnder, II, 2. Coleopters de la Siberie orientale et en particulier des Rivers de lAmour. St. Petersburg. Pp. 174-240. Olivier, A. G. 1808. Entomologie ou historie naturelle des insects coleopteres, Paris, 6: 613-1104. Reiche L. & Saulcy F. 1855-1858. Coleoptere Nouveaux ou peu connus. Paris. Pp. 319-338. Weise, J. 1884. Beitrag zur Chrysomeliden-Fauna von Amasia. Deutsches Entomologischer Zeitschrift, 28 (1): 159. Weise, J. 1916. Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae. In Coleopterorum Catalogus. W. Junk and S. Schenkling ed. Berlin, 24 (68): 1-255.

PENSOFT Publishers Leaf Beetles Sofia Moscow

Konstantinov, Tishechkin, Penev (eds.) 2005 (Insecta: Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) of the Bulgarian Mountains 111 Contributions to Systematics and Biology of Beetles Papers Celebrating the 80th Birthday of Igor Konstantinovich Lopatin, pp. 111-124

Leaf Beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) of the Bulgarian Mountains


Blagoy A. Gruev
Department of Zoology, University of Plovdiv, Tzar Assen Street 24, BG-4000, Bulgaria

ABSTRACT
All the 490 species and subspecies of the family Chrysomelidae, known from the mountains of Bulgaria, are presented in a table and classified zoogeographically.

KEY WORDS
Insecta, Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bulgaria, mountains, faunistic table, zoogeography.

INTRODUCTION The fauna of Chrysomelidae of Bulgaria contains 515 species and subspecies, 490 of which have been found in various altitudinal zones of the country mountains. The sources used for the table below are: GRUEV and TOMOV (1984, 1986, 1998); GRUEV (1992, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2002 a, 2002 b, 2003, 2003 a, 2004; in press: a, b, c, d, e); GRUEV AND DBERL (1997) and VIG (2002). Abbreviations of the names of the mountains (Fig. 1, after Deltshev et al., 1998): P Pirin; Rh Rhodopes; R Rila, S Sakar; SG Sredna Gora; SP Stara Planina Ridge and the ForeBalkan; St Srtandzha; V Vitosha; WM Westbulgarian small mountains (Bl Belasitsa; GB Golo Bardo; Kn Konyavska; Kr Kraishtenska; Lz Lozenska ; Ln Lyulin; Ml Maleshevska; Or Ograzhden; Og Osogovo ; Pl Plana; Ru Ruy; Sl Slavyanka; Vl- Vlahina;Vr Verila; Zm Zemenska). TABULATED LIST OF THE CHRYSOMELIDAE TAXA IN THE BULGARIAN MOUNTAINS Abbreviations: ZC Zoogeographical complexes; NH Northern Holarctic complex; Sb Siberian complex; E European complex; EAs (st.) Euro-Asiatic (steppe) complex; SWA Southwest-Asiatic complex; M Mediterranean complex; BnE Balkan endemic; BgE Bulgarian endemic; Intr introduced. With numbers from 1 to 10 the altitudinal distribution range of the taxa are designated see below: Zonal distribution of taxa.

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Fig. 1. Schematical map of the mountains in Bulgaria

Names of the taxa Orsodacninae Orsodacne cerasi (Linnaeus, 1758) Orsodacne humeralis Latreille, 1804 Zeugophorinae Zeugophora flavicollis (Marsham, 1802) Zeugophora subspinosa (Fabricius, 1781) Donaciinae Donacia bicolora Zschach, 1788 Donacia cinerea Herbst, 1784 Donacia clavipes Fabricius, 1792 Donacia impressa Paykull, 1799 Donacia marginata Hope, 1795 Donacia polita Kuntze, 1818 Donacia simplex Fabricius, 1775 Donacia thalassina Germar, 1811 Donacia versicolorea (Brahm, 1790) Donacia vulgaris Zschach, 1788 Plateumaris consimilis (Schrank, 1781) Plateumaris rustica (Kuntze, 1818) Plateumaris sericea (Linnaeus, 1758) Criocerinae Crioceris asparagi maculipes (Gebler, 1834) Crioceris bicruciata (Sahlberg, 1823) Crioceris duodecimpunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) Crioceris quatuordecimpunctata (Scopoli, 1763) Lema cyanella (Linnaeus, 1758) Lilioceris lilii (Scopoli, 1763) Lilioceris merdigera (Linnaeus, 1758) Oulema erichsoni (Suffrian , 1841) Oulema gallaeciana (Heyden, 1870)

VD P Rh R S SG SP St V WM 2 + + + 1 + + 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 3 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

ZC Sb E

+ + + + +

Zm

E Sb Sb Sb Sb Sb Sb E Sb Sb Sb Sb Sb Sb Sb SWA SWA Sb E Sb Sb Sb E Sb

+ + + + + + + + +

+ +

Zm + Ln + Kr

+ + + 3 + +

1 + 1 1 + + 1 2 + + 3 + + 3 + + 1 3 + + + +

+ + + + + + + GB Vr + + + + + + + Vr + + + Kr GB Vr Zm Sl

Leaf Beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) of the Bulgarian Mountains


Names of the taxa VD P Rh R S SG SP St V WM + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Ln Vr Zm GB Sl Kr Ln GB GB Ru Og Ru Pl Vr Og Sl GB GB Zm Zm Zm Vr GBVlOg Sl Ru GB Zm GB Ln Vr Pl Ln LnZm Og Bl Sl GB Vr Zm Ru GB Ln Ln ZmMl Ru Vl RuGB Ln Pl Zm GB Zm Sl Ru GB Pl Ln Zm Og Sl GB Or

113
ZC Sb Sb Sb Sb Sb Sb SWA Sb BnE Sb Sb E Sb E E Sb E E Sb E E Sb E M E E SWA E E E SWA E SWA E E

Oulema melanopus (Linnaeus, 1758) 3 Oulema tristis (Herbst, 1786) 1 Clytrinae Cheilotoma erythrostoma Faldermann, 1837 1 Cheilotoma musciformis (Goeze, 1777) 2 Clytra atraphaxidis (Pallas, 1773) 2 Clytra laeviuscula Ratzeburg, 1837 2 Clytra novempunctata Olivier, 1808 2 Clytra quadripunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) 3 Clytra valeriana tetrastigma Schmidt, 1841 1 Coptocephala chalibaea (Germar, 1824) 2 Coptocephala gebleri Gebler, 1841 1 Coptocephala rubicunda (Laicharting, 1781) 3 Coptocephala unifasciata (Scopoli, 1763 2 Labidostomis cyanicornis Germar, 1822 2 Labidostomis humeralis (Schneider, 1792) 2 Labidostomis longimana (Linnaeus, 1761) 4 Labidostomis lucida axillaris (Lacordaire, 1848) 1 Labidostomis oertzeni Weise, 1889 1 Labidostomis pallidipennis (Gebler, 1830) 1 Labodistomis propinqua Faldermann, 1837 3 Labidostomis rufa (Waltl, 1838) 1 Labidostomis tridentata (Linnaeus, 1758) 1 Lachnaia sexpunctata (Scopoli, 1763) 2 Macrolenes dentipes (Olivier, 1808) 1 Smaragdina affinis (Illiger, 1794) 2 Smaragdina aurita (Linnaeus, 1767) 2 Smaragdina chloris biornata Lefevre, 1872 2 Smaragdina concolor hypocrita (Lacordaire, 1848) 2 Smaragdina flavicollis (Charpentier, 1825) 3 Smaragdina graeca (Lefevre, 1872) 1 Smaragdina limbata (Steven, 1806) 2 Smaragdina salicina (Scopoli, 1763) 2 Smaragdina tibialis (Brulle, 1832) 2 Smargdina xanthaspis (Germar, 1824) 3 Tituboea macropus (Illiger, 1800) 1 Cryptocephalinae Cryptocephalus apicalis Gebler, 1830 2 Cryptocephalus aureolus illyricus Franz, 1949 3 Cryptocephalus bicolor Eschscholtz, 1818 2 Cryptocephalus biguttatus (Scopoli, 1763) 2 Cryptocephalus bilineatus (Linnaeus, 1767) 2 Cryptocephalus bipunctatus (Linnaeus, 1758) 3 Cryptocephalus chrysopus Gmelin, 1788 2 Cryptocephalus connexus Olivier, 1807 2 Cryptocephalus cordiger (Linnaeus, 1758) 2 Cryptocephalus coryli (Linnaeus, 1758) 2 Cryptocephalus duplicatus Suffrian, 1847 1 Cryptocephalus elegantulus Gravenhorst, 1807 3 Cryptocephalus exiguus Schneider, 1792 2 Cryptocephalus flavipes Fabricius, 1781 2 Cryptocephalus frenatus Laicharting, 1781 2 Cryptocephalus frontalis Marsham, 1802 2 Cryptocephalus fulvus (Goeze, 1777) 1 Cryptocephalus gridelii Burlini, 1950 2 Cryptocephalus hypochoeridis (Linnaeus, 1758) 3 Cryptocephalus imperialis Laicharting, 1781 2 Cryptocephalus janthinus Germar, 1824 1 Cryptocephalus labiatus (Linnaeus, 1761) 3 Cryptocephalus laetus Fabricius, 1792 1 Cryptocephalus laevicollis Gebler, 1830 1 Cryptocephalus macellus Suffrian, 1860 1 Cryptocephalus marginatus Fabricius, 1781 1 Cryptocephalus moraei (Linnaeus, 1758) 3 Cryptocephalus nitidus (Linnaeus, 1758) 2

+ Ru Ln GB Og + + Ru GB Og Sl + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

+ + + +

+ + + + +

Sb E SWA Ln Sb Ln Sb Ru Ln Pl GB Zm Bl Sl Sb Ru GB Zm E OgVl Bl SWA Ru GB Sb Ru GB Sl Sb E Ln GB Bl Sb Sb Kr Ru Ln GB Zm Og Bl Sl Sb E Sb GB Sb E Ln GBPl Zm Og Bl Sb Ru E Sb Lz Zm Sl Sb E Sb Or E E ZmLn GB Bl Vr Og Bl Sl E Ru Ln Zm GB Sl Sb

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VD P Rh R S SG SP St V WM + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Ru Zm GB Sl + + + + + + + + + Or ZC Sb E Sb Sb Sb Sb Sb Sb SWA E E Sb E E

Names of the taxa

Cryptocephalus ocellatus Drapiez, 1819 3 Cryptocephalus ochroleucus Stephens, 1834 1 Cryptocephalus octacosmus Bedel, 1891 2 Cryptocephalus octomaculatus Rossi, 1790 1 Cryptocephalus octopunctatus (Scopoli, 1763) 2 Cryptocephalus parvulus Mueller, 1766 2 Cryptocephalus pini (Linnaeus, 1758) 4 Cryptocephalus populi Suffrian, 1848 2 Cryptocephalus prusias Suffrian, 1853 2 Cryptocephalus pusillus Fabricius, 1776 1 Cryptocephalus pygmaeus vittula Suffrian, 1848 2 Cryptocephalus quadriguttatus Richter, 1820 3 Cryptocephalus quadripustulatus Gyllenhal, 1813 2 Cryptocephalus quatuordecimmaculatus 2 Schneider, 1792 Cryptocephalus querceti Suffrian, 1848 1 Cryptocephalus quinquepunctatus (Scopoli, 1763) 1 Cryptocephalus schaefferi Schrank, 1789 2 Cryptocephalus sericeus (Linnaeus, 1758) 4 Cryptocephalus sexpunctatus (Linnaeus, 1758) 1 Cryptocephalus solivagus Leonardi et Sassa, 2001 5 Cryptocephalus strigusus Germar, 1823 2 Cryptocephalus trimaculatus Rossi, 1790 2 Cryptocephalus turcicus Suffrian, 1847 2 Cryptocephalus variceps Weise, 1884 1 Cryptocephalus villosulus Suffrian, 1847 2 Cryptocephalus violaceus Laicharting, 1781 4 Cryptocephalus virens Suffrian, 1847 2 Cryptocephalus vittatus Fabricius, 1775 2 Pahybrachis excisus (Weise, 1897) 1 Pahybrachis fimbriolatus Suffrian, 1848 3 Pahybrachis hieroglyphicus (Laicharting, 1781) 2 Pahybrachis limbatus (Menetries, 1836) 2 Pachybrachis scriptidorsum Marseul, 1875 1 Pahybrachis sinuatus Mulsant et Rey, 1859 3 Pahybrachis tessellatus (Olivier, 1791) 2 Stylosomus tamarisci (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1838) 1 Lamprosomatinae Oomorphus concolor (Sturm, 1804) 1 Eumolpinae Bromius obscurus (Linnaeus, 1758) s. str. 6 Bromius obscurus villosulus (Schrank, 1781) 1 Eumolpus asclepiadeus (Pallas, 1776) 3 Macrocoma rubripes balcanica (Apfelbeck, 1912) 1 Pachnephorus pilosus Rossi, 1790 1 Pachnephorus tessellatus (Duftschmid, 1825) 1 Pachnephorus villosus (Duftschmid, 1825) 1 Pales ulema (Germar, 1813) 2 Rhodopaea angelovi Gruev et Tomov, 1968 5 Chrysomelinae Chrysolina carpathica gabrieli (Weise, 1903) 8 Chrysolina cerealis alternans (Panzer, 1799) 3 Chrysolina chalcites (Germar, 1824) 1 Chrysolina coerulans (Scriba, 1791) 3 Chrysolina didymata (Scriba, 1791) 1 Chrysolina fastuosa (Scopoli, 1763) 3 Chrysolina geminata (Paykull, 1799) 2 Chrysolina globosa reprehensa Bechyne, 1950 2 Chrysolina graminis (Linnaeus, 1758) 2 Chrysolina gypsophilae (Kuester, 1845) 2 Chrysolina haemoptera (Linnaeus, 1758) 3 Chrysolina hemisphaerica purpurascens 3 (Germar, 1822) Chrysolina herbacea (Duftschmid, 1825) 3 Chrysolina hyperici (Forster, 1771) 3

+ + + + + + + + + + + GB Sl + + + + + + Zm + + + + + + + Ru GB + + + + + Kr GB + + + + + Ln Pl Zm GB OgMl Bl Sl + + Vr Pl

E E Sb Sb Sb Sb + + Bl E + + + + Ru GB Kn E + + + Kr GB Sl E + + SWA + + + + Ru E + + + + + + Kr Ru Ln GB ZmVl Og Sl E + + + GB Zm E + E + + + E + + + + Ru GB Zm E + + + + + Zm Sb + + + + + GB Sl E Zm Sb + + + + + + Ru GB ZmSl OgVl E + + + + + + + GB Kn Zm Og Sl E + E RyMl + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Bl Og Zm Zm Zm Vr Or Ru GB Ln Zm E Sb Sb Sb BnE Sb Sb E E BgE

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

E (mt) + LnMl Vr Ml Pn Ml Sl Kr E Or SWA + Ru Vr Pl,Zm E SWA + Ru GBKnOr Bl Sl Sb + GB Og E + Lz BgE Sb E + GB Og E + E (mt) Sb E

+ + + + + + + + GB ZmMl Or + + + + + + GB Og Sl

Leaf Beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) of the Bulgarian Mountains


Names of the taxa Chrysolina limbata (Fabricius, 1775) Chrysolina marginata (Linnaeus, 1758) Chrysolina notiophila Bechyne, 1952 Chrysolina olivieri (Bedel, 1892) Chrysolina oricalcia (Mueller, 1776) Chrysolina polita (Linnaeus, 1758) Chrysolina reitteri (Weise, 1884) s. str. Chrysolina reitteri nevesinjensis Bechyne, 1952 Chrysolina rossia (Illiger, 1802) Chrysolina rufa crassicollis (Suffrian, 1851) Chrysolina salviae (Germar, 1824) Chrysolina sanguinolenta (Linnaeus, 1758) Chrysolina staphylaea (Linnaeus, 1758) Chrysolina sturmi Westhoff, 1882) Chrysolina turca (Fairmaire, 1865) Chrysolina varians (Schaller, 1783) Chrysolina vernalis ottomana (Weise, 1906) Chrysomela collaris Linnaeus, 1758 Chrysomela cuprea Fabricius, 1775 Chrysomela populi Linnaeus, 1758 Chrysomela saliceti Suffrian, 1849 Chrysomela tremulae Fabricius, 1787 Chrysomela vigintipunctata (Scopoli, 1763) Colaphus sophiae (Schaller, 1783) Entomoscelis adonidis (Pallas, 1771) Entomoscelis suturalis Weise, 1882 Gastrophysa polygoni (Linnaeus, 1758) Gastrophysa viridula (De Geer, 1775) Gonioctena decemnotata (Marsham, 1802) Gonioctena fornicata (Brueggemann, 1873) Gonioctena linnaeana (Schrank, 1781) Gonioctena olivacea (Forster, 1834) Gonioctena pallida reticulata (Bechyne, 1947) Gonioctena quinquepunctata (Fabricius, 1787) Gonioctena viminalis (Linnaeus, 1758) Hydrothassa flavocincta (Brulle, 1832) Hydrothassa glabra (Herbst, 1783) Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say, 1824) Oreina alpestris balcanica (Weise, 1883) Oreina cacaliae dinarica (Apfelbeck, 1912) Oreina intricata anderschi (Duftschmid, 1825) Oreina luctuosa (Olivier, 1807) Oreina plagiata schipkana (Jakob, 1953) Oreina speciosa bosnica (Apfelbeck, 1912) Oreina speciosissima drenskii (Gruev, 1974) Oreina virgulata ljubetensis (Apfelbeck, 1912) Phaedon armoraciae (Linnaeus, 1758) Phaedon cochleariae (Fabricius, 1792) Phaedon laevigatus (Duftschmid, 1825) Phaedon pyritosus (Rossi, 1792) Phratora laticollis (Suffrian, 1851) Phratora tibialis (Suffrian, 1851) Phratora vitellinae (Linnaeus, 1758) Phratora vulgatissima (Linnaeus, 1758) Plagiodera versicolora (Laicharting, 1781) Plagiosterna aenea (Linnaeus, 1758) Prasocuris junci (Brahm, 1790) Prasocuris phellandrii (Linnaeus, 1758) Timarcha goettingensis aerea Herrich-Schaeffer, 1838 Timarcha metallica (Laicharting, 1781) Timarcha pratensis Duftschmid, 1825 Timarcha tenebricosa (Fabricius, 1775) Galerucinae Agelastica alni (Linnaeus, 1758) VD P Rh R S SG SP St V WM 4 2 6 3 2 3 4 ? 1 5 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 4 3 1 2 2 5 6 6 2 2 4 4 6 5 5 6 8 8 9 6 4 3 1 2 2 3 4 2 2 2 2 1 2 + + + + + + + GB Ln OgSl + + + + + + + Lz GB Zm Sl + + + + + + Lz + + + + + + Og + + + + + + + + Ru Or Og Ry + + + + + Zm Lz Ln + + + + + + + + + + + Vr Or Sl + + + + + + + + + + Zm + + + + + + + + + Og + + + + + + + + Bl + + + + + Ln Sl + + + + Zm Og Pl + + + + + + + Ru Zm Og Sl + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Ru GB Zm Sl + + + + + + + GB Or + + + + + LnOg + + + + + + + + + + + Og Or + + + + + + + + + + + + + Lz Vr GB Zm Or Og Sl + + + + Pl Zm + + + + + + + + + + + + + Ru Pl Zm + + + + + Lz Bl + + + + + Vr Lz Kr Kn Pl Og + + + + + + + + All + + + + Og + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Ru Og + + + + + + + Ru Zm Sl + + + GB Zm Or + + + + + Ml + + + + + + + + GBZm + + + + Ru Lz Zm Kr + + + + + + Ru GB Zm + + + + + + + + + + + Zm Og Or + + + + Ln + + + + + + GB Zm Pl + + + + + + Zm + + + + + + + GB + Ru Ln Zm GB Og Bl Sl

115
ZC Sb Sb BgE E Sb Sb Sb BnE E E (mt) E Sb Sb Sb SWA Sb SWA Sb Sb Sb Sb Sb Sb E Sb SWA Sb Sb Sb E Sb E BnE E Sb E Sb Intr BnE BnE E (mt) NH BgE BnE BnE BnE Sb Sb E Sb Sb E Sb Sb Sb Sb E Sb BnE E (mt) E E E

6 + + + 1 + 4 + + +

2 + + + + + + + +

116

Blagoy A. Gruev
VD P Rh R S SG SP St V WM 3 3 1 1 1 2 3 3 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 3 1 3 10 2 3 1 2 1 1 2 2 5 2 1 1 1 3 2 1 2 4 1 2 4 2 2 2 1 2 4 2 1 3 3 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 3 3 2 3 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Zm Sl + Zm + + + Ln + + + Ru LnVr Zm GB Og Sl + Ru GB + + Ru GB Vr Pl Sl ZmGB Or Kr Ru Vr Kn GB Zm + GB Bl GBVl Og Sl ZC E E Sb E E BnE E Sb E Sb Sb Sb Sb Sb Sb Sb Sb E Sb BnE Sb BgE Sb Sb E E E Sb Sb SWA

Names of the taxa Calomicrus circumfusus (Marsham, 1802) Calomicrus pinicola (Duftschmid, 1825) Diorhabda elongata (Brulle, 1832) Euluperus major Weise, 1886 Euluperus xanthopus (Dusftschmid, 1825) Exosoma gaudionis (Reiche, 1862) Galeruca interrupta circumdata Dustschmid, 1825 Galeruca pomonae (Scopoli, 1763) Galeruca rufa Germar, 1824 Galeruca tanaceti (Linnaeus, 1758) Galerucella calmariensis (Linnaeus, 1767) Galerucella lineola (Fabricius, 1781) Galerucella nymphaeae (Linnaeus, 1758) Galerucella pusilla (Dusftschmid, 1825) Galerucella tenella(Linnaeus, 1761) Lochmaea capreae (Linnaeus, 1758) Lochmaea crataegi (Forster, 1771) Luperus cyanipennis Kuester, 1848 Luperus flavipes (Linnaeus, 1767) Luperus graecus Weise, 1886 Luperus longicornis (Fabricius, 1781) Luperus rhilensis Weise, 1900 Luperus viridipennis Germar, 1824 Luperus xanthopoda (Schrank, 1781) Nymphius lydius (Weise, 1886) Phyllobrotica adusta (Creutzer, 1799) Phyllobrotica elegans Kraatz, 1886 Phyllobrotica quadrimaculata (Linnaeus, 1758) Sermilassa halensis (Linnaeus, 1767) Xanthogaleruca luteola (O. F. Mueller, 1766) Alticinae Aeschrocnemis rhilensis Gruev, 1973 Aeschrocnemis rhodopensis (Gruev, 1973) Aeschrocnemis serbica (Kutschera, 1860) Aeschrocnemis slavicus (Gruev, 1979) Altica brevicollis (Foudras, 1860) Altica carduorum Guerin-Meneville, 1858 Altica impressicollis Reiche, 1862 Altica jarmilae Kral, 1979 Altica lythri Aube, 1843 Altica oleracea (Linnaeus, 1758) Altica palustris (Weise, 1888) Altica quercetorum Foudras, 1860 s. str. Altica quercetorum saliceti (Weise, 1888) Altica tamaricis Schrank, 1785 Aphthona abdominalis (Duftschmid, 1825) Aphthona atrovirens (Foerster, 1849) Aphthona bonvouloiri Allard, 1869 Aphthona cyparissiae (Koch, 1803) Aphthona euphorbiae (Schrank, 1781) Aphthona flava Guillebeau, 1895 Aphthona flaviceps Allard, 1859 Aphthona franzi Heikertinger, 1944 Aphthona herbigrada (Curtis, 1837) Aphthona lacertosa Rosenhauer, 1847 Aphthona lutescens (Gyllenhal, 1808) Aphthona nigriceps (W. Redtenbacher, 1842) Aphthona nigriscutis Foudras, 1860 Aphthona nonstriata (Goeze, 1777) Aphthona ovata Foudras, 1860 Aphthona parnassicola Heikertinger, 1944 Aphthona placida Kutschera, 1864 Aphthona pygmaea (Kutschera, 1861) Aphthona semicyanea Allard, 1859 Aphthona venustula (Kutschera, 1861)

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

Ru Ln Zm Bl Sl Ru GB Bl Sl Ln Ru Bl Sl

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

+ +

+ + + +

+ +

+ +

BgE SWA E Ru SWA E GB Kn Or Sb E E E GB Zm KrOg Sl Sb Sb Lz E E Zm Sb GB Kn Zm Sb E SWA GB E Ru Ln Vr GB ZmKn Pl Og Sb Vr Zm Og Or Bl E SWA GB Sb Ru GB Zm Ln E Ru Kr Zm Kn E Zm Or Sb E Ru Vr GB Zm Sb Zm E E GB BnE GB E Ru GB Zm Kr Kn E Sb Ru Pl Og GB Bl Sl E

Leaf Beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) of the Bulgarian Mountains


Names of the taxa Argopus bicolor Fischer von Waldheim, 1824 Batophila moesica Heikertinger, 1948 Batophila olexai Kral, 1964 Batophila rubi (Paykull, 1799) Chaetocnema arenacea (Allard, 1860) Chaetocnema arida Foudras, 1860 Chaetocnema aridula (Gyllenhal, 1827) Chaetocnema breviuscula (Faldermann, 1837) Chaetocnema chlorophana (Duftschmid, 1825) Chaetocnema compressa (Letzner, 1864) Chaetocnema concinna (Marsham, 1802) Chaetocnema conducta (Motschulsky, 1838) Chaetocnema coyei (Allard, 1863) Chaetocnema hortensis (Geoffroy, 1785) Chaetocnema imitatrix Gruev, 1990 Chaetocnema montenegrina Heikertinger, 1912 Chaetocnema obesa (Boieldieu, 1859) Chaetocnema orientalis (Bauduer, 1874) Chaetocnema picipes Stephens, 1831 Chaetocnema procerula (Rosenhauer, 1856) Chaetocnema sahlbergi (Gyllenhal, 1827) Chaetocnema scheffleri (Kutschera, 1864) Chaetocnema semicoerulea (Koch, 1803) Chaetocnema subcoerulea (Kutschera, 1864) Chaetocnema tibialis (Illiger, 1807) Crepidodera aurata (Marsham, 1802) Crepidodera aurea (Geoffroy, 1785) Crepidodera fulvicornis (Fabricius, 1792) Crepidodera lamina (Bedel, 1901) Crepidodera nigricoxis (Allard, 1878) Crepidodera nitidula (Linnaeus, 1758) Crepidodera plutus (Latreille, 1804) Derocrepis rufipes (Linnaeus, 1758) Dibolia carpathica Weise, 1893 Dibolia cryptocephala (Koch, 1803) Dibolia depressiuscula (Letzner, 1847) Dibolia femoralis Redtenbacher, 1849 Dibolia foersteri Bach, 1859 Dibolia occultans (Koch, 1803) Dibolia rugulosa Redtenbacher, 1849 Dibolia schillingii (Letzner, 1847) Dibolia timida (Illiger, 1807) Epitrix atropae Foudras, 1860 Epitrix hirtipennis (Mesheimer, 1847) Epitrix intermedia Foudras, 1860 Epitrix pubescens (Koch, 1803) Hermaeophaga mercurialis (Fabricius, 1792) Hippuriphila modeeri (Linnaeus, 1761) Longitarsus aeneicollis (Foudras, 1860) Longitarsus albineus (Foudras, 1860) Longitarsus alfierii furthi Gruev, 1982 Longitarsus anatolicus Weise, 1900 Longitarsus anchusae (Paykull, 1799) Longitarsus apicalis (Beck, 1817) Longitarsus atricillus (Gyllenhal, 1813) Longitarsus ballotae (Marsham, 1802) Longitarsus behnei Gruev et Arnold, 1989 Longitarsus bertii Leonardi, 1973 Longitarsus brisouti Heikertinger, 1912 Longitarsus brunneus (Duftschmid, 1825) Longitarsus bulgaricus Gruev, 1973 Longitarsus corynthius (Reiche, 1858) Longitarsus curtus (Allard, 1860) VD P Rh R S SG SP St V WM 1 6 1 3 2 2 3 1 1 2 4 2 1 4 8 3 1 1 3 1 6 3 2 1 4 3 2 3 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 10 2 2 1 2 1 3 4 1 2 10 2 2 2 2 1 2 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + GB Ln Ru Kr Bl Or Ru GB Kn Sl

117
ZC E E (mt) SWA Sb E E Sb Sb E E Sb SWA E Sb BgE SWA Sb SWA Sb E Sb E Sb E Sb Sb Sb Sb E E Sb Sb Sb E Sb Sb E E E E E E E Intr E Sb E (mt) Sb E SWA E SWA Sb Sb Sb Sb BgE E E Sb E M Sb

Ru Pl GB Zm Ru Ln GB Pl Zm Lz Og Bl Sl

+ + Vr Ln GB Kn Og Sl Vr Zm Ln Or + Kr Vr Pl Zm

+ + + + + + + + + + +

+ Vl + Ln Zm Or Sl + Or Bl + Lz GB Kn + Kr Ru Vr Pl GB Kn Zm Kr Or + + + Ru Lz GB Zm + + + Og + Pl Zm + + + Kr Zm Ml Or + + Ru Og Bl Og Sl + + + Lz GB + GB + Og + Lz GB + + Ru Vr Sl + + + Or Bl + + Zm GB + + + Kr Or Ru Vr GB Zm Sl Zm Sl Pl GB Zm Or Bl Sl LnOg Ru GB Zm Kr GB Zm Or

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

+ + + + + + + +

GB

118

Blagoy A. Gruev
VD P Rh R S SG SP St V WM + + + + GB Sl + + + GB Kn Og Sl + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Zm Og Ml GB Vr + Ru Pl Vr + Lz Ru GB Zm Sl ZC E E SWA Sb Sb E Sb E Sb Sb E E Sb E Sb E Sb Sb Sb

Names of the taxa

Longitarsus echii (Koch, 1803) 2 Longitarsus exoletus (Linnaeus, 1758) 2 + + + Longitarsus fallax Weise, 1888 1 Longitarsus foudrasi Weise, 1893 1 + + Longitarsus fulgens (Foudras, 1860) 1 + Longitarsus fuscoaeneus Redtenbacher, 1849 1 + Longitarsus ganglbaueri Heikertinger, 1912 2 + Longitarsus gracilis Kutschera, 1864 2 + Longitarsus holsaticus (Linaeus, 1758) 1 + + Longitarsus jacobaeae (Waterhouse, 1858) 1 Longitarsus jailensis Heikertinger, 1913 1 Longitarsus juncicola (Foudras, 1860) 2 + Longitarsus kutscherae (Rye, 1872) 2 + + Longitarsus lateripunctatus personatus Weise, 18931 + + Longitarsus lewisii (Baly, 1874) 2 + + Longitarsus linnaei (Duftschmid, 1825) 2 + + + Longitarsus longipennis Kutschera, 1863 2 + + Longitarsus longiseta Weise, 1889 1 Longitarsus luridus (Scopoli, 1763) 3 + + + Longitarsus lycopi (Foudras, 1860) Longitarsus medvedevi Shapiro, 1956 Longitarsus melanocephalus (De Geer, 1775) Longitarsus membranaceus Foudras, 1860) Longitarsus minusculus (Foudras, 1860) Longitarsus monticola Kutschera, 1863 Longitarsus nanus (Foudras, 1860) Longitarsus nasturtii (Fabricius, 1792) Longitarsus niger (Koch, 1803) Longitarsus nigrofasciatus (Goeze, 1777) Longitarsus nimrodi Furth, 1979 Longitarsus noricus Leonardi, 1976 Longitarsus obliteratus (Rosenhauer, 1847) Longitarsus ochroleucus (Marsham, 1847) Longitarsus parvulus (Paykull, 1799) Longitarsus pellucidus (Foudras, 1860) Longitarsus picicollis Weise, 1900 Longitarsus pinguis Weise, 1888) Longitarsus pratensis (Panzer, 1794) Longitarsus quadriguttatus (Pontoppidan, 1765) Longitarsus rectilineatus (Foudras, 1860) Longitarsus reichei (Allard, 1860) Longitarsus rubiginosus (Foudras, 1860) Longitarsus salviae Gruev, 1975 Longitarsus scrobipennis Heikertinger, 1913 Longitarsus scutellaris (Rey, 1874) Longitarsaus strigicollis Wollaston, 1864 Longitarsus substriatus Kutschera, 1863 Longitarsus succineus (Foudras, 1860) Longitarsus suturellus (Duftschmid, 1825) Longitarsus tabidus (Fabricius, 1775) Lythraria salicariae (Paykull, 1800) Mantura cylindrica Miller, 1880 Mantura mathewsi (Stephens, 1832) Mantura obtusata (Gyllenhal, 1813) Mantura rustica (Linnaeus, 1766) Minota carpathica Heikertinger, 1911 Minota halmae (Apfelbeck, Mniophila muscorum (Koch, 1803) Neocrepidodera corpulenta (Kutschera, 1860) Neocrepidodera femorata (Gyllenhal, 1813 Neocrepidodera ferruginea (Scopoli, 1763) Neocrepidodera impressa obtusangula (J. Daniel, 1904) Neocrepidodera motschulskii (Konstantinov, 1991) 3 2 3 1 2 5 2 3 3 4 1 2 2 1 3 2 1 1 3 2 1 4 1 2 1 2 1 1 3 3 3 2 1 ? 3 1 8 5 6 5 8 3 1 8 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

+ + + + + +

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

+ + + + + + +

+ + + + + + + + +

+ Ru GB Vr Pl Kn Zm Kr Or Og Vl Bl Sl + Vr GBZm OgMl Or Bl Sl E GB E + Ru Lz GB Vr Pl Kn Og Sl Sb E ZmKr E Ln E (mt) GB E Og Sb + Ru Og E + GB Pl Zm Og Or Ml Bl Sl Sb GB Bl E Ru Kr GB Bl E GB Zm Sl E E + GB VrPl Sb GB KnZm Sb GB SWA Og E + GB Vr Pl Zm Og Sl E Sl E SWA + E Sb Ru Lz GB Zm E E + GBVr Pl Sb Or E GB E + Ru LnGB Sb Sb + Kn Zm Sb Sb SWA + E E Pl Zm Sb E (mt) + Ml E (mt) + Lz M l E E (mt) + Og NH + Kr Ru GB Og Or Sl E SWA Sb

Leaf Beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) of the Bulgarian Mountains


Names of the taxa Neocrepidodera nigritula (Gyllenhal, 1813) Neocrepidodera peirolerii (Kutschera, 1860) Neocrepidodera transversa (Marsham, 1802) Ochrosis ventralis (Illiger, 1807) Orestia bulgarica Heikertinger, 1910 Phyllotreta astrachanica Lopatin, 1977 Phyllotreta atra (Fabricius, 1775) Phyllotreta balcanica Heikertinger, 1909 Phyllotreta bulgarica Gruev, 1977 Phyllotreta christinae Heikertinger, 1941 Phyllotreta corrugata Reiche, 1858 Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze, 1777) Phyllotreta dacica Heikertinger, 1941 Phyllotreta diademata Foudras, 1860 Phyllotreta erysimi Weise, 1900 Phyllotreta exclamationis (Thunberg, 1784) Phyllotreta nemorum (Linnaeus, 1758) Phyllotreta nigripes (Fabricius, 1775) Phyllotreta nodicornis (Marsham, 1802 Phyllotreta ochripes (Curtis, 1837) Phyllotreta procera (Redtenbacher, 1849) Phyllotreta punctulata (Marsham, 1802) Phyllotreta scheuchi Heikertinger, 1941 Phyllotreta striolata (Fabricius, 1803) Phyllotreta tetrastigma (Comolli, 1837) Phyllotreta undulata Kutschera, 1860 Phyllotreta variipennis (Boieldieu, 1859) Phyllotreta vilis Weise, 1888 Phyllotreta vittula (Redtenbacher, 1849) Podagrica fuscicornis (Linnaeus, 1766) Podagrica malvae (Illiger, 1807) Podagrica menetiesi (Faldermann, 1837) Psylliodes aereus austriacus Heikertinger, 1911 Psylliodes affinis (Paykull, 1799) Psylliodes attenuatus (Koch, 1803) Psylliodes brisouti Bedel, 1898 Psylliodes chalcomerus (Illiger, 1807) Psylliodes chrysocephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) Psylliodes circumdatus (Redtenbacher, 1842) Psylliodes cupreus (Koch, 1803) Psylliodes dulcamarae (Koch, 1803) Psylliodes hyoscyami (Linnaeus, 1758) Psylliodes illyicus Leonadi et Gruev, 1993 Psylliodes instabilis Foudas, 1860 Psylliodes isatidis Heikertinger, 1912 Psylliodes kiesenwetteri Kutschera, 1864 Psylliodes laticollis Kutschera, 1864 Psylliodes luteolus (O. F. Mueller, 1776) Psylliodes magnificus Gruev, 1975 Psylliodes napi (Fabricius, 1792) Psylliodes pallidicolor Pic, 1903 Psylliodes puncticollis Rosenhauer, 1856 Psylliodes sturanyi Apfelbeck, 1906 Psylliodes thlaspis Foudras, 1860 Psylliodes tricolor Weise, 1888 Psylliodes wrasei Leonardi et Arnold, 1995 Sphaeroderma testaceum (Fabricius, 1775) Hispinae Dicladispa testacea (Linnaeus, 1767) Hispa atra Linnaeus, 1767 Cassidinae Cassida atrata Fabricius, 1787 Cassida azurea Fabricius, 1801 Cassida canaliculata Laicharting, 1781 Cassida denticollis Suffrian, 1844 VD P Rh R S SG SP St V WM 3 8 3 1 9 4 4 2 2 1 1 4 1 4 2 1 3 4 1 2 2 1 1 3 3 4 1 2 4 2 3 2 7 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 9 3 2 1 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + Ru Or + + + + + + + + + + + + Ru GB + + + + + + + + Ru Pl GBZm Og + + + + GB Zm Og + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + GB Kn Og + + + + + + + + Ru GB Pl Zm + + + + + + + + + + Pl Kn Or + + + + + + + + Ru GBPl KnMl OgVl Or + + + + + + + + + + Zm + + + + Ru GB + + + + + + + + Vl + + + + + + + + + Ru GB Vr Pl Zm Or + + + + + Og + + + + + + + + GB Kn + + + + + + + + + + + + GB Or + + + + + + Kn Or + + + + + + + + + + GB Zm + + + + + + + + + ZmGB + + + + + + + + + + + + Kn + + + + + + GB KnMl Bl + + + + + Zm + + + + + Bl + + + + + + GB Sl + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Bl + + Kn + + + + + + + + + + + Kn GB + + + + +

119
ZC E E (mt) E E BnE E Sb SWA E E SWA Sb E Sb SWA Sb Sb E E Sb SWA E Sb Sb Sb Sb M E Sb E E SWA E (mt) Sb Sb E Sb E E Sb Sb Sb E E Sb E E E SWA Sb M M E (mt) E Sb E E M Sb E Sb Sb Sb

1 + 3 + + + + + + + + GBPl Zm Og 2 + + 1 1 + 2 + + + + GB + + + + + + + + + Zm

120

Blagoy A. Gruev
VD P Rh R S SG SP St V WM 1 1 3 2 1 1 3 1 3 3 3 2 1 3 3 2 3 1 2 2 2 3 3 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Ru Ln Or ZC

Names of the taxa Cassida fastuosa Schaller, 1783 Cassida ferruginea Goeze, 1777 Cassida flaveola Thunberg, 1794 Cassida hemisphaerica Herbst, 1799 Cassida inquinata Brulle, 1832 Cassida lineola Creutzer, 1799 Cassida margaritacea Schaller, 1783 Cassida murraea Linnaeus, 1767 Cassida nebulosa Linnaeus, 1758 Cassida nobilis Linnaeus, 1758 Cassida pannonica Suffrian, 1844 Cassida panzeri Weise, 1907 Cassida parvula Boheman, 1854 Cassida prasina Illiger, 1798 Cassida rubiginosa Mueller, 1776 Cassida rufovirens Suffrian, 1844 Cassida sanguinolenta Mueller, 1776 Cassida seladonia Gyllenhal, 1827 Cassida stigmatica Suffrian, 1844 Cassida subferruginea Schrank, 1776 Cassida subreticulata Suffrian, 1844 Cassida vibex Linnaeus, 1767 Cassida viridis Linnaeus, 1758

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

Sb Sb Ru Ln Or Sb Pl E E Sb Ln Sb Pl Sb GB Sb LnGB Zm Or Bl Sb Pl Zm Bl SWA Sb Eas (st.) Ru GB Vr ZmVl Og Bl Sl Sb Ru GB Vr Kn Zm Og Sb E Ln GB Zm Sl Sb Bl E Zm Sb GB Zm Kr Or Sl Sb Or Sl Sb Ru Zm Sb GB Vr Zm Or Bl Sb

The number of the taxa recorded from in each of the mountains is as follows: Rila 187, Pirin 288, Vitosha 183, Rhodopes 358, Stara Planina Ridge and Fore Balkan 364, Sredna Gora - 219, Sakar - 164, Strandzha - 241, West-Bulgarian small mountains: Belasitsa 39, Golo Bardo 141, Konyavska 29, Kraishtenska 26, Lozenska 19, Lyulin 48, Maleshevska 12, Ograzhden 42, Osogovo 65, Plana 40, Ruy 80, Slavyanka 68, Vlahina 11, Verila 40, Zemenska 118. ALTITUDINAL DISTRIBUTION RANGE OF THE TAXA (Fig. 2) (The vertical vegetable zones are given mainly after Tishkov and Kuzmanov, 1985) 1. Distributed in the belt of the horizontal (Submediterranean) zonal vegetation, which is typical for the whole territory of Bulgaria (up to 700 m; in some places to 900 or 1000 m a. s. l.) 152 taxa 2. Distributed from the low parts of the mountains up to the zone of the mesofilous deciduous woods inclusive (up to 1500-1700 m) 176 taxa 3. Distributed from the low parts of the mountains up to the zone of the coniferous woods inclusive (up to 2000-2200 m) 91 taxa 4. Distributed from the low parts of the mountains up to the high-mountain zone (up to above 2200 m) 28 taxa 5. Distributed only in the zone of the mesofilous deciduous woods (between 900-1000 and 1500-1700 m) 11 taxa 6. Distributed only in the zones of both mesofilous deciduous and coniferous woods (between 900-1000 and 2000-2200 m) 11 taxa 7. Distributed only in the zones of the mezofilous deciduous woods, the coniferous woods and the high-mountainous vegetation (between 900-1000 and above 2200 m) 1 taxon 8. Distributed only in the zone of the coniferous woods (between 1500 and 2200 m) 8 taxa 9. Distributed only in the zones of the coniferous woods and the high-mountain vegetation (from 1500 up to above 2200 m) 3 taxa 10. Distributed only in the high-mountain zone (above 2200 m) 4 taxa

Leaf Beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) of the Bulgarian Mountains


m 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

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VD

Fig. 2. Altitudinal distribution range of Chrysomelidae in Bulgaria (see text for explanations)

Most taxa are established in the diapason 2 - from the low parts of the mountains up to the zone of the mesofilous deciduous woods inclusive, followed by the taxa distributed in diapason 1. - the belt of the horizontal (Submediterranean) zonal vegetation and the taxa distributid in diapason 3 from the low parts of the mountains up to the zone of the coniferous woods incvusive. ZOOGEOGRAPHICAL COMPLEXES The zoogeographical classification of the Bulgarian taxa was made on the basis of their distribution in the country, general distribution, ecological type, dispersion in the past caused by historical climate and relief changes etc. (discussed previously by GRUEV (1988, 1990, 1995; in press: 2000 a, 2000 b, 2002 c, 2002 d, 2002 e); GRUEV (1994 and 1999 [in: GRUEV AND KUZMANOV (1994 and 1999)]) and GRUEV AND BECHEV (2000). The species inhabiting Bulgarian mountains belong to the following zoogeographical units: Northern Holarctic complex (NH) (Arctic element: Arctic-alpine subelement) 2 taxa; Siberian faunistic complex (Euroasiatic Palaearctic element: Sibero-European subelement, South-Sibero European subelement, Transpalaearctic subelement, Holopalaearctic subelement; Holarctic element) 217 taxa; European (Mideuropean element; European mountain element; Submediterranean element; Atlantic element) 201 taxa; Central-Asiatic steppe complex 1; South-Westasiatic complex (Sub-Iranian element) 38 taxa; Mediterranean complex (Holomediterranean element; North-Mediterranean element; East-Mediterranean element) 6 taxa; Balkan endemics 15 taxa; Bulgarian endemics 8 taxa; Introduced 2 taxa. Dominant zoogeographic complexes are the Siberian and the European, whose taxa are the most ecologically plastic. Similar zoogeographic picture is typical for the most groups of animals in the lowlands and the mountains of Bulgaria. The representatives of the Mediterranean complex and the Southwest-Asiatic complex are distributed only in the low parts of the mountains. As for the typical mountain forms, they belong to the Mideuropean mountainous element in Bulgaria. One of them Psylliodes sturanyi inhabits only the zones of the coniferous woods and the high-mountain vegetation, and another

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(excluding the endemics) Hermaeophaga mercurialis is represented only in the high-mountain zone. Other typical mountainous taxa are also Chrysolina carpathica gabrieli, Ch. hemisphaerica purpurascens, Ch. rufa crassicollis, Oreina intricata andershi, Timarcha metallica, Batophila moesica, Hermaeophaga mercurialis, Longitarsus monticola, Minota carpathica, M. halmae, Neocrepidodera corpulenta, N. peirolerii, Psylliodes aereus austriacus and Ps. sturanyi. The group of endemics includes 23 taxa (Balkan endemics 15: Macrocoma rubripes, Chrysolina reitteri nevesinjensis, Gonioctena pallida reticulata, Oreina alpestris balcanica, O. cacaliae dinarica, O. speciosa bosnica, O. speciosissima drenskii, O. virgulata ljubetensis, Timarcha goettingensis aerea, Exosoma gaudionis, Luperus graecus, Aeschrocnemis slavicus, Aphthona parnassicola, Orestia bulgarica, Psylliodes magniphicus; Bulgarian endemics 8: Rhodopaea angelovi, Chrysolina globosa reprehensa, Ch. notiophila, Oreina plagiata schipkana, Luperus rhilensis, Aeschrocnemis rhilensis, Chetocnema imitatrix, Longitarsus behnei), distributed as follows: in range 1 Macrocoma rubripes, Luperus graecus, Aeschrocnemis slavicus, Psylliodes magnificus; in range 2 Chrysolina globosa reprehensa, Timarcha goettingensis aerea, Exosoma gaudionis, Aphthona parnassicola; in range 5 Rhodopaea angelovi, Oreina alpestris balcanica, Aeschrocnemis rhilensis; in range 6 Chrysolina notiophila, Gonioctena pallida reticulata, Oreina alpestris balcanica, O. virgulata ljubetensis; in range 8 Oreina plagiata schipkana, O. speciosa bosnica, Chaetocnema imitatrix; in range 9 Oreina seciosissima drenskii, Orestia bulgarica; in range 10 Luperus rhilensis, Longitarsus behnei. The vertical distribution of Chrysolina reitteri nevesinjensis is unknown. Some of the Bulgarian endemics might be considered for now as conditional endemics of: the Rhodopes Rhodopaea angelovi; Rila Mt. Luperus rhilensis and Aeschrocnemis rhilensis; Pirin Mt. Longitarsus behnei; Stara planina ridge Oreina plagiata schipkana; Vitosha Mt. Chaetocnema imitatrix. The family Chrysomelidae is well known in Bulgaria. In spite of that, it has to be emphasized that the leaf beetle fauna in the Bulgarian mountains is not completely investigated with regards to its vertical distribution, especially of the widespread taxa. So that these results will be enhanced in the future. The present work is the first step toward that goal. REFERENCES
Deltshev, Ch., Z. Hubenov, G. Blagoev and D. Dobrev. 1998. Modern methods of collecting, managing and keeping faunistic data. Historia naturalis bulgarica, 9: 143-154 (in Bulgarian with summary in English). Gruev, B. 1988. Check-list and zoogeography of the species of Alticinae (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) of the Bulgarian Black Sea side. Travaux Scientifiques Universit de Plovdiv, 26, Biologie, 6: 79-134 (in Bulgarian with summary in English). Gruev, B. 1990. Mountain leaf beetles of Eumolpinae, Chrysomelinae and Alticinae (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) in Bulgaria. Fauna and zoogeography. Travaux Scientifiques Universit de Plovdiv, 28, Biologie, 6: 27-61 (in Bulgarian with summary in English). Gruev, B., 1992. Geographical distribution of the leaf beetle subfamilies Lamprosomatinae, Eumolpinae, Chrysomelinae, Alticinae, Hispinae and Cassidinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on the Balkan Peninsula. Plovdiv University Press. 510 pp. Gruev, B. 1994. In: Gruev, B. and B. Kuzmanov. General biogeography. University Press St. Kliment Ohridski, Sofia. 498 pp. (in Bulgarian). Gruev, B. 1995. About the Mediterranean faunistic complex in Bulgaria. Annual of University of Sofia St. Kliment Ohridski, Faculty of Biology, Book 1 Zoology, 86-87: 75-82.

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Gruev, B. 1999. In: Gruev, B. and B. Kuzmanov. 1999. General biogeography. Plovdiv University Press. 344 pp. Gruev, B. 2000. Nomenclatoric alterations to Oreina Chevrolat, 1837. In: Catalogus faunae bulgaricae. 3. Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae. Travaux Scientifiques Universit de Plovdiv, 36, Animalia, 6: 105-106. Gruev, B. 2000 a. Southeuropean peninsular endemism of Alticinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Travaux Scientifiques Universit de Plovdiv, 36, Animalia, 6: 35-50. Gruev, B. 2000 b. About the Submediterranean zone of the Palaearctic realm and the Submediterranean faunistic element in Bulgaria. Travaux Scientifiques Universit de Plovdiv, 36, Animalia, 6: 73-94. Gruev, B. 2001. Actualised cheklist of Alticinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in the Balkan Peninsula. Travaux Scientifiques Universit de Plovdiv, 37, Animalia, 6: 9-28. Gruev, B. 2002. About the taxonomic status of the Aeschrocnemis Weise, 1888 and the group of A. serbica (Kutschera, 1860) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Alticinae). Historia naturalis bulgarica, 14: 67-71. Gruev, B. 2002 a. New distributional data about some leaf beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae: Eumolpinae, Chrysomelinae, Alticinae, Hispinae, Cassidinae) in the Balkan Peninsula. Travaux Scientifiques Universit de Plovdiv, 38, Animalia, 6: 17-34. Gruev, B. 2002 b. The leaf beetles of Eumolpinae, Chrysomelinae, Alticinae, Hispinae and Cassidinae in the East Rodopi (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Travaux Scientifiques Universit de Plovdiv, 38, Animalia. 6: 35-48 (in Bulgarian with summary in English). Gruev, B. 2002 c. About the Central European faunistic mountain element in Bulgaria. Historia naturalis bulgarica. 14: 17-27 (in Bulgarian with summary in English). Gruev, B. 2002 d. About the Pontic faunistic element in Bulgaria. Historia naturalis bulgarica. 15: 31-40 Gruev, B. 2002 e. A comparative study on Alticinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in the Balkan Peninsula and Asiatic Turkey. Causes of the similarities and the differences of the fauna. Travaux Scientifiques Universit de Plovdiv, 38, Animalia, 6: 49-79. Gruev, B. 2003. The leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) of Sakar Mountain (South-East Bulgaria). Travaux Scientifiques Universit de Plovdiv, 39, Animalia, 6: 41-53. Gruev, B. 2003 a. The Leaf beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) of Strandzha Mountain (Southeastern Bulgaria). Fauna and zoogeography. Travaux Scientifiques Universit de Plovdiv, 39, Animalia, 6: 55-74. Gruev, B. 2004. Zoogeographical study of the leaf beetles of the subfamilies Eumolpinae, Chrysomelinae, Alticinae, Hispinae and Cassidinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) of the Eastern Rhodopes. Chrysomelidae. In: Beron, P. A. Popov (eds.), Bidiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). National Museum of Natural History, Sofia, p. 427-444. Gruev, B. (in press a). The leaf beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) of the Rila Mountain (Bulgaria). Travaux Scientifiques Universit de Plovdiv, Animalia. Gruev, B. (in press b). The leaf beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) of the Pirin Mountain (Bulgaria). Historia naturalis bulgarica. Gruev, B. (in press c). The leaf beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) of the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). National Museum of Natural History, Sofia. Gruev, B. (in press d). The leaf beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) of the Stara Planina Ridge and the Fore-Balkan (Bulgaria). Travaux Scientifiques Universit de Plovdiv, Animalia. Gruev, B. (in press e). The leaf beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) of the Sredna Gora Mountains (Bulgaria). Travaux Scientifiques Universit de Plovdiv, Animalia. Gruev, B., Bechev, D. 2000. Zoogeographical belonging of the leaf beetle species of Lamprosomatinae, Eumolpinae, Chrysomelinae, Alticinae, Hispinae and Cassidinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and their distribution in the biogeographical regions of Bulgaria. Travaux Scientifiques Universit de Plovdiv, 36, Animalia, 6: 5-34.

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Gruev, B., Dberl, M. 1997. General distribution of the flea beetles in the Palaearctic subregion (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae: Alticinae). Scopolia, Ljubljana, 37, Zoologica, 23: 1-496. Gruev, B. and V. Tomov, 1984. Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, I. In: Fauna bulgarica, 13, aed. Academie scientiarum bulgaricae. Sofia. 218 pp. (in Bulgarian). Gruev, B. and V. Tomov. 1986. Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, II. In: Fauna bulgarica, 16, aed. Academie scientiarum bulgaricae. Sofia. 387 pp. (in Bulgarian). Gruev, B. and V. Tomov. 1998. Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae. In: Catalogus faunae bulgaricae, 3. Sofia, Pensoft. 160 pp. Tishkov, H. and B. Kuzmanov. 1985. The impact of climatic factor on the vertical zonality of vegetation. In: Problems of geography, Sofia, Bulgarian Academy of Science, 4: 10-20 (in Bulgarian with summary in English). Vig, K. 2002. Beetle collection of the Savaria Museum (Szombathely, Hungary) II. Leaf beetle collection of Attila Poldussany (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Praenorica Folia Historica-Naturalia, V, Museum Savariense, Szombathely. 171 pp.

PENSOFT Publishers Sofia Moscow

Konstantinov, Tishechkin, Penev (eds.) 2005 The Flea-Beetle Altica ignita Illiger in North America 125 Contributions to Systematics and Biology of Beetles Papers Celebrating the 80th Birthday of Igor Konstantinovich Lopatin, pp. 125-142

The Flea Beetle Altica ignita Illiger in North America (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Alticini)
Laurent LeSage and Alicja Zmudzinska
Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre (ECORC), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6, e-mail: lesagel@agr.gc.ca Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre (ECORC), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6, e-mail: zmudzinskaa@agr.gc.ca

ABSTRACT
Altica ignita is redescribed and illustrated including characters of the male and female genitalia. New information on synonymy, distribution, biology, and host plants is provided, with a discussion on errors found in the literature. Plum flea beetle is suggested as the common name of this species.

KEY WORDS
Altica ignita, plum flea beetle, distribution, host plants

INTRODUCTION The Grape flea beetles, Altica chalybea Illiger and A. woodsi Isely are two pests which attracted the attention of the very first North American entomologists (LeSage and Zmudzinska 2003). The Strawberry flea beetle is another well known pest, but under this common name hides several species. Consequently, the available information must be sorted out and validated; this will be done in the literature errors section. The latter will be followed by the description of the adults including the characters and the illustration of the male and female genitalia. The distribution section will provide the localities recorded on specimen labels. The section on host plants will distinguish true hosts from accidental presences. Finally, the relevance of the common name Strawberry flea beetle will be discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODS The materials and methods are the same as those previously used (LeSage 1995). The acronyms of the collections from which specimens were borrowed are as follows: BYUC Brigham Young University Collection. Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Provo, Utah 84602, U.S.A. c/o S. M. Clark. CAS California Academy of Sciences, Department of Entomology, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, California 94118, U.S.A. c/o R. Brett.

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CDFA California Department of Food and Agriculture of the State of California, 1220 N Street, Sacramento, California 95814, U.S.A. c/o T. N. Seeno. CEUM Collection entomologique de lUniversit de Montral, Dpartement des sciences biologiques, C.P. 6128, succursale A , Montral, Qubec, Canada H3C 3J7. c/o L. Cloutier. CMNC Canadian Museum of Nature, Entomology, Collections Division, P.O. Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K1P 6P4. c/o F. Gnier. CNC Canadian National Collection. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. ECORC, Neatby Building, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A 0C6. c/o L. LeSage. CUIC Cornell University Insect Collections, Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, U.S.A. c/o J. K. Liebherr. EGRC E.G. Riley Collection. Texas A & M University, Department of Entomology, College Station, Texas 77843, U.S.A. FMNH Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois 60605, U.S.A. c/o A. F. Newton. MCZ Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, U.S.A. c/o B. D. Farrell. NDSU North Dakota State University, Department of Entomology, Hultz Hall, Box 5346, University Station, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, U.S.A. Formerly c/o E. U. Balsbaugh. RHTC R.H. Turnbow Collection. Directorate of Engineering and Housing, Building 1404, Fort Rucker, Alabama 36362-5000, U.S.A. USNM United States National Museum, Systematics Entomology Laboratory, USDA Smithsonian Institution, P. O. Box 37012, National Museum of Natural History, Room CE-709, MRC168, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012, U.S.A. c/o A. Konstantinov. Description Haltica ignita Illiger 1807: 117 (original description); Harris 1833: 581 (Massachusetts fauna); Henshaw 1885: 112 (North American fauna); Hamilton 1889 in part (notes on Coleoptera); Horn 1889: 221 (in part, taxonomic treatment); Smith 1890: 225 (New Jersey fauna); Jacoby 1892: 266 (in part, Central American fauna); Hamilton 1895: 340 (Pennsylvania fauna); Chittenden 1900: 70 (in part, biology); Smith 1900: 312 (in part, New Jersey fauna); Blatchley 1910: 1201 (Indiana fauna); Fall 1910: 153 (comparisons with related species); Smith 1910: 352 (in part, New Jersey fauna); Wickham 1911: 32 (Iowa fauna); Moznette 1917: 17 (comparison with A. probata Fall); Woods 1919: 58 (note on taxonomic confusion); Duckett 1920: 139 (in part, Maryland fauna); Fall 1920: 101 (discussion on taxonomic status); Leng 1920: 300 (in part, North American fauna); Blatchley 1921: 22 (discussion on taxonomic status); Blatchley 1924: 20 (comparison with A. litigata Fall); Schaeffer 1924: 143 (diagnostic characters); Leonard 1928: 477 (New York fauna); Schaeffer 1932: 240 (diagnostic characters and host plants); Brimley 1938: 228 (North Carolina fauna); Heikertinger and Csiki 1940: 239 (world catalogue); Lding 1945: 134 (Alabama fauna). Altica ignita Illiger, Say 1832: 1, in LeConte (1859: 303), (comparison with Altica (= Parchicola) ocreata Say; Smith 1890: 225 (New Jersey fauna); Chittenden 1900: 70 (in part, biology); Smith 1900: 312 (in part, New Jersey fauna); Smith 1910: 352 (in part, New Jersey fauna); Woods 1918: 151 (discussion on taxonomic confusion); Britton 1920: 278 (Connecticut fauna); Isely 1920: 4 (discussion on host plants and identity); Britton 1923: 369 (note on previous confusion with A. ulmi); Gibson 1925: 23 (note on generations); Beller and Hatch 1932: 125 (foot note on misidentification); Procter 1938: 161 (survey of the Mount Desert region, Maine); Procter 1946: 193 (survey of the Mount Desert region, Maine);

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Wilcox 1954: 446 (descriptions, key to Ohio species); Chagnon and Robert 1962: 408 (note on identity); Kirk 1969: 96 (South Carolina fauna); Hatch 1971: 216 (doubtful identity); Balsbaugh and Hays 1972: 149 (Alabama fauna); Wilcox 1975: 110 (North American fauna); Wilcox 1979: 19 (host plants); Wilcox 1983: 110 (checklist of North American fauna); LeSage 1991: 318 (checklist of Canadian fauna); Dearborn and Donahue 1993: 67 (note on taxonomic confusion); Downie and Arnett 1996: 1373 (keys to northeastern North America fauna); Poole and Gentili 1996: 158 (catalogue of Nearctic Insects); LeSage 1999: 373 (lectotype designation); Clark 2000: 32 (annotated list of West Virginia fauna); Riley et al. 2003: 106 (catalogue of North American fauna). Graptodera ignita Illiger, Melsheimer et al. 1853: 121 (catalogue of United States fauna). Haltica (Graptodera) chalybea Britton (1898: 316) not Illiger (1807: 117) (misidentification, biological notes). Literature errors Fitch (1859: 44) erroneously identified Altica ignita as the Grape-vine flea-beetle which is the common name of Altica chalybea (LeSage 2003). Brodie and White (1883: 43) erroneously listed Graptodera (= Altica) ignita from Canada. This species is not found in this country (see map, Fig. 6). Saunders (1883: 190) misidentified Altica chalybea as the grape-vine flea-beetle feeding on plum foliage. In addition, A. ignita, the true flea-beetle which feeds on plum, in not found in Canada (see Map 1). Harrington (1884: 82) listed three species of Haltica (= Altica) in his List of Ottawa Coleoptera, including A. ignita which is still unknown for Canada (see map, Fig. 6). Piper (1895: 56) cited Haltica (= Altica) ignita for Washington State but this species is not present in this state (See map, Fig. 6). McMillan (1888: 43) listed several host plants for the grape flea beetle Graptodera (= Altica) chalybea, including plum which should be attributed to A. ignita. Hamilton (1889: 242) suspected problems in the recognition of this species when he said that it is difficult to believe that all the forms included under this name really belong to one species. His form reported on wild plum corresponds to the true Altica ignita whereas the second on Rosaceae is very likely A. rosae Woods, the third on laurel (Kalmia sp.) should be A. kalmiae (Melsheimer), and the fourth on azaleas cannot be identified accurately at this moment. Horn (1889: 221) did not see the plica submarginali mentioned in the original description (Illiger 1807: 117). Nevertheless, he maintained the valid status of Altica ignita, although he could not explain this discrepancy. Riley and Howard (1889: 220) identified specimens collected on grape in the Salt River Valley (Tempe, Arizona) as Graptodera (= Altica) ignita. It is more likely A. torquata LeConte on the basis of its host plant and western distribution. Saunders (1889: 190). See Saunders (1883) above. Bruner (1890: ?). placed here on the basis of Riley and Howards (1891b) statement (document not available). Neal (1890: 11) reported damages to strawberry in Florida, but erroneously attributed them to Haltica (= Altica) ignita. For the time being, we believe that they were caused by A. litigata Fall, as suggested by the author himself (Fall 1920) although the exact status of A. litigata Fall has not yet been established.

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Hudson (1890: 369) reported a flea beetle injury in his strawberry field, in Orlando, Florida, which has been erroneously identified as Haltica (= Altica) ignita (see next comments). Riley and Howard (1890: 369) identified the specimens sent by W.E. Hudson (see above) as Haltica (=Altica) ignita, but it is more likely A. litigata Fall. See also Neal (1890) above. Riley and Howard (1891a: 366) cited their report of 1890 (see above) with no additional comments. Riley and Howard (1891b: 437) cited the report of Bruner (1890) with no comments. Webster (1891: 317) reported that as a pest of the strawberry field, this insect has this year, in Indiana at least, proven itself to be of no small importance the insect had been very destructive, beginning its work soon after mulch was burned According to Fall (1920), and in our opinion, this statement refers to A. litigata Fall. Jacoby (1892: 266) included more than one species under Haltica (= Altica) ignita since he recorded it from Hudson Bay, New England, south to Florida, Texas, and Mexico, locations that are far outside the known range of this species (see map, Fig. 6). Riley (1893: 17) reported again the Florida strawberry infestation that he had already mentioned. See Riley and Howard (1890) above. Riley and Howard (1893: 341) cited again the infestation of grape vines in the Salt River Valley of Arizona that they had already reported in 1889 (see above). Schwarz (1893: 183) stated that the bright aeneous or copper-colored varieties were usually named Haltica (= Altica) carinata Germar in collections. Most of the references to the latter species should therefore be transferred to A. ignita. This transfer is erroneous since A. carinata is different from A. ignita. Secondly, A. ignita is not polyphagous according to our results (see Host plants). Hamilton (1894: 253) listed Haltica (= Altica) ignita in his survey of the Coleoptera taken at Lake Worth, Florida. Although this state fits into the known distribution of the beetle (see Map 1), there is no evidence that A. ignita has been correctly identified since Hamilton (1889) previously lumped several species under this name. Wickham (1895: 162) reported Haltica (= Altica) ignita from Baja California, Texas to Canada which indicates that other species are involved since these locations are far outside the known range of this flea beetle (see Map 1). Britton (1898: 316) misidentified Altica ignita as the Grapevine Flea Beetle (Haltica (Graptodera) chalybea Illiger) on the basis of its feeding on plum leaves. Lugger (1899: 241) erroneously identified the Lesser Grape-vine Flea Beetle as Haltica (= Altica) ignita whereas this common name refers to Altica woodsi Isely (LeSage 2003). Chittenden (1900: 70) included several species under the name Haltica (= Altica) ignita. From his host plant records we can recognize A. kalmiae (Melsheimer) on laurel, A. ulmi Woods on elm, etc. in addition, his records from Mexico, Northwest Territories, and western United States are outside the range of A. ignita (map, Fig. 6), and consequently, refer to different species. Saunders (1900: 190). See Saunders (1883) above. Smith (1900: 312) listed several host plants (strawberry, Azalea, Kalmia, Rosaceae) but not plum which is the true host plant of Altica ignita (see Host plants). The latter is very likely present in New Jersey but we have not yet seen specimens from this state. Wickham (1902: 290) listed Haltica (= Altica) ignita from Colorado, but this state is too far outside the known range of this species (see map, Fig. 6). We cannot identify the species involved here. Quaintance and Shear (1907:24) stated that the natural food of Haltica (= Altica) chalybea is undoubtedly the wild grape, though other plants are fed upon, as plum, apple, pear, quince, blue

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or water beech (Carpinus), elm, etc. All these other plants are the hosts of different flea beetle species, plum being that of A. ignita (see Host plants). Blatchley (1910: 1201) included several species under the name Haltica (= Altica) ignita since he listed several host plants for it (water purslane, strawberry, roses) but not plum which is the true host plant (see Host plants). Hartzel (1910: 498) gave a general account on the biology of the Grape flea beetle (Altica chalybea Illiger) in New York State. In addition to grape (Vitis) and Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus) correctly reported as host plants of this species (LeSage 2003), he also listed several plants, including plum, which is the host plant of Altica ignita not of the Grape flea beetles (See Host plants). Smith (1910: 225). See previous comments (Smith 1900). Johannsen (1911: 233, in part) claimed that the larva of Haltica (= Altica) carinata Germar on elm resembles that of Altica ignita figured by Chittenden (1900) but we have seen above that the latter included several species under this name. Wickham (1911: 32) listed Haltica (= Altica) ignita for Iowa fauna. His record is probably wrong since this flea beetle has not yet been found in states west of the Mississippi river (see map, Fig. 6). OKane (1912: 266) misidentified the Strawberry flea-beetle as Haltica (= Altica) ignita. A. litigata Fall is probably the right name. Gibson (1913a: 7) erroneously identified the Strawberry flea beetle as Haltica (= Altica) ignita which, in addition, is not present in Canada (see Host plants and map, Fig. 6). Gibson (1913b: 298). See previous comments. Reh (1913: 524) considered Haltica (= Altica) ignita Illiger as polyphagous and especially noxious to strawberry, a statement which refers to different unidentifiable species. Slingerland and Crosby (1914: 370) misidentified the Strawberry flea beetle as Haltica (= Altica) ignita. More likely, it is A. litigata Fall. Essig (1915: 266) reported Haltica (= Altica) ignita on various plants which are not the true host for this species (see Host plants). According to the information given, we can recognize A. kalmiae (Melsheimer) on swamp laurel, A. litigata Fall on strawberry, A. foliaceaee LeConte on Oenothera, etc. Hartzel (1915: 203) gave a general account on the biology of the Grape flea beetle (Altica chalybea Illiger) in North America which also contains information on A. ignita. See Hartzell (1910) for comments. Watson (1915: 58) illustrated the Strawberry flea-beetle and mentioned that it was troublesome in Florida on beets, cabbage, cucumbers, tomatoes and related plants, which are not the true host plants of this species (Altica ignita). There are probably several species involved here. Chagnon (1917: 243) misidentified Haltica (= Altica) ignita from Qubec. The examination of the specimens seen by this author revealed that they belonged either to A. chalybea Illiger, A. corni Woods, or A. woodsi Isely (LeSage and Denis 1999; LeSage 2003). Watson (1917: 307) erroneously listed Haltica (= Altica) ignita as a minor pest of strawberry in Florida. It is very likely A. litigata Fall involved here. Stear (1918: 252). See Watson (1917) for comments. Watson (1919: 418). See Watson (1917) for comments. Lochhead (1919: 317) stated that Haltica (= Altica) ignita laid eggs on Evening Primrose (Oenothera sp.) which is probably the main host plant of A. foliaceaee LeConte. Stear (1919: 147). See Watson (1917) for comments. Duckett (1920: 139) considered Haltica (= Altica) kalmiae (Melsheimer) and A. inaerata LeConte as two synonyms of A. ignita but these two names represent two distinct valid species. The

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host plants listed for A. ignita add to the confusion because they refer to additional species: A. rosae Woods on rose, A. woodsi Isely on grape, etc. Leng (1920: 300) followed Duckett (1920) cited above. The same comments apply. Britton (1923: 369) misidentified the Strawberry flea beetle as Altica ignita but this common name refers to Altica litigata Fall. Harned (1924: 83) reported an infestation by the Strawberry flea beetle Haltica (= Altica) ignita in a strawberry field north of Meridian, Mississippi, but these damages should be attributed to Altica litigata Fall according to Fall (1920). CNAAEE (1925: 532) approved the common name Strawberry flea beetle for Haltica (= Altica) ignita, but Plum flea beetle is more appropriate (See Common Names below). Harned (1925: 347). See previous comments under this author. McBride (1924) erroneously listed Haltica (= Altica) ignita as a strawberry pest in Missouri. See also comments under Harned (1924). Gibson (1925: 23). See Gibson (1913a) for comments. McBride (1926: 34) erroneously listed Altica ignita as a strawberry pest in Missouri. See comments under Harned (1924). Metcalf and Flint (1928: 645) misidentified the Strawberry flea beetle as Haltica (= Altica) ignita whereas it should be A. litigata Fall. Essig (1929: 477) identified the Strawberry flea beetle as Haltica (= Altica) ignita, but further stated that A. probata Fall and A. evicta LeConte may all three be the same species which is not the case. Brimley (1930: 139) listed Altica ignita from Rainy River (Ontario) but this locality is too far north of the distribution of this species (see map, Fig. 6). Dean (1930: 140) listed several host plants for Haltica (= Altica) chalybea in Kansas, including plum which should have been associated with A. ignita. In addition, the latter has not yet been found in this state (See map, Fig. 6 and Host plants). Van Horn (1935: 98) reported that the larvae reared on fuchsia and identified by A.B. Champlain were Haltica (= Altica) ignita. This flower is the host plant of A. litigata Fall according to Wilcox (1979) although this host record needs to be confirmed. Van Horn (1936: 315). See comments above. Langford and Anderson (1937: 44) reported damages to strawberry foliage in Maryland, by Haltica (= Altica) ignita, but these damages should be attributed to A. litigata Fall. Chagnon (1938: 163). See Chagnon (1917) above for comments. Langford and Anderson (1938: 562). See Langford and Anderson (1937). Metcalf and Flint (1939: 666) misidentified the Strawberry flea beetle as Haltica (= Altica) ignita whereas it should be A. litigata Fall. Chagnon (1940: 316). See Chagnon (1917) above for comments. Heikertinger and Csiki (1940: 239) included in their references the contribution of Riley (1880) on an injurious flea beetle on fuchsias which should be attributed to Altica litigata Fall according to Wilcox (1979). Blackwelder (1946: 699) erroneously listed Altica ignita from Baja California, Mexico and Bahamas Island, three locations too far south of the known distribution (see map, Fig. 6). Chagnon and Robert (1962: 316). We agree with Robert, in his short note at the end of the book (p. 408), that Haltica (= Altica) ignita sensu Chagnon could not be accurately identified. Blunk (1954: 326) adopted the information published by previous authors (Chittenden 1900; Duckett 1920; Harned 1924), and listed several host plants which are not associated with the true Altica ignita.

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Essig (1958: 477). See Essig (1929) above for comments. Benoit (1975: 26) erroneously listed Altica ignita for Canada, a species that is not found in this country (See map, Fig. 6). Benoit (1985: 10) erroneously listed Altica ignita for Canada, a species that is not found in this country (See map, Fig. 6) Campbell et al. (1989: 70) summarized erroneous information on Altica ignita in Canada. Based on reported host plants, this information probably pertains to A. chalybea Illiger, A. foliaceae LeConte, or A. litigata Fall. Once again, A. ignita has not yet been found in Canada (See map, Fig. 6). Staines and Staines (1998: 239) listed Altica ignita in their faunal survey of Plummers Island in Maryland. Their record has been based on two old specimens preserved in the United States National Museum. The examination of these specimens revealed that one is A. woodsi Isely, and the second is close to A. kalmiae Melsheimer although the entirely blue body does not fit with the usual golden purplish coloration of this species. Etymology. From the Latin adjective ignitus, meaning of fire in reference to the bright purple colour of the body. Diagnosis. Coloration usually violet with purplish reflections or almost entirely purplish. Pronotum deeply, transversely, grooved at base. Elytra usually with small but distinct carina at apical curve (Fig. 1). In male, no ventral striations in aedeagus, ventral ridges high, close at base but broadly separated at apex (Fig. 2). In female, styli fused on three quarters of their length, acutely divergent at apex (Fig. 3), and basal portion of spermathecal duct short (Figs. 4, 5).

Fig. 1. Altica ignita , habitus, dorsal view. Length Fig. 2. Altica ignita, aedeagus; left, dorsal view; right, 4 mm ventral view

500 m

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4
200 m

200 m

5 3 Figs. 3-5. Altica ignita, female genitalia: 3, styli, dorsal view; 4,5, spermatheca

Description. BODY. Medium-sized species, 3-4 mm long (see Table 1 for measurements), elongate, twice as long as wide. Head, pronotum and elytra either dark violet with purple reflections (80%), or almost entirely purple (20%); appendages dark violet to black with purple reflections on tibiae and femora, tarsi dark brown. HEAD. Antennae proportionally longer in males than in females (Table 1); antennomeres 3 and 4 almost equal in length, both longer than 2. Frontal carina moderately sharp, very finely punctulate, ending in middle of frontal tubercles. Frontal tubercles smooth, more or less welldefined posteriorly by interocular sulci. Coronal suture extending to frontal carina. Eyes not prominent, separated by 3 times their diameter. Only 1 pair of postocular macrochaetae present behind eyes. Vertex not punctuate, feebly alutaceous, with 1-8 small punctures on each side of coronal suture. Labrum with 3 pairs of labral setae. Mandibles tridentate: outer and median teeth of the same size, inner tooth curved mediad, cutting edge sinuous, basal indentation not visible. THORAX. Pronotum quadrate, widest in apical third, slightly narrower at apex than at base (Fig. 1). Anterior angles not prominent, obliquely truncate. Transverse groove deep, broadening in fovea before reaching lateral margins. Punctation fine and quite dense. Microsculpture variable: absent (50%), scarcely visible (45%), or weakly impressed (5%). Tarsal claws appendiculate, and moderately bent. ELYTRA. Humerus moderately prominent and defined on inner side by small depression. Small elytral costa present at apical curve. Punctation moderately dense, coarser than that of pronotum, except at apex. Microsculpture in the form of numerous microreticulations, feeble but distinct. SEXUAL DIMORPHISM. In males, body slightly more elongate, antennae proportionally longer than in females (Table 1). First tarsomeres of front legs not distinctly broader than in females as usually found in most Altica species.

The Flea-Beetle Altica ignita Illiger in North America


Table 1. Measurements of body, antennae, and pronotum in Altica ignita. Minimum Male Body length (m) Body width (mm) Ratio body length/width Antenna length (mm) Ratio antenna body/length Pronotum length (m) Pronotum width (m) Ratio pronotum width/length Female Body length (m) Body width (mm) Ratio body length/width Antenna length (mm) Ratio antenna body/length Pronotum length (m) Pronotum width (m) Ratio pronotum width/length 2.9 1.5 1.93 1.90 0.58 60 100 1.49 Maximum 3.4 1.7 2.17 2.15 0.69 74 110 1.73 Mean (n = 10) 3.2 1.6 2.05 2.01 0.63 67 107 1.60

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3.1 1.6 1.89 1.85 0.57 66 104 1.51

3.6 1.8 2.19 2.20 0.64 76 122 1.66

3.4 1.7 2.01 2.07 0.61 72 115 1.61

MALE GENITALIA. Sides of median lobe of aedeagus parallel, at most slightly broadened in apical (LeSage 1999); tip truncated and nipple-shaped in middle; dorsal undulations on middle third, apical ones interrupted medially; ventral longitudinal ridges elevated, close at base but broadly separated at apex; latero-ventral wrinkles absent or indistinct (Fig. 2). FEMALE GENITALIA. Styli largely fused together, and tip acutely divergent at apex (Fig. 3); apical setae and sensilla moderately numerous (Table 2). Spermatheca larger at base, with ovoid receptacle; spermathecal pump not extending beyond base of receptacle, without apical process; basal portion of spermathecal duct short, followed by 2-2.5 loops (Figs. 4, 5). Remarks. Adults of Altica ignita are recognized by their bright violet-purple metallic coloration in combination with a small costa at the apical curve of the elytra which is unique among the small species of the genus. Early authors have been confused by the plica submarginali mentioned by Illiger (1807) in his original description because they were expecting a structure as obvious as the costa in the blue costate species (LeSage 1995). Blatchley (1921) was first to well define the problem: none of our entomologists have seen his (Illiger) type and have therefore guessed at what species he had in hand, it would be better, in my opinion, to either drop his name from our lists or to carry it, as Woods has done, as an unknown American species possessing an elytral submarginal fold. Fall (1920) who has seen specimens with the right characters and the right host plants, nevertheless did not assign them to A. ignita: in the female of which there is a tolerably well defined lateral elytral plica, while the males show slight traces of it. These specimens were collected at West Springfield, N.H., on Lombardy plum.

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Table 2. Measurements of male and female genitalia in Altica ignita. Minimum Male Aedeagus length (m) Ventral wrinkles Female Length of spermatheca (m) Length of styli (m) Apical setae on styli Sensilla on styli 112 0 Maximum 128 5 Mean (n = 10) 121 2 (indistinct)

211 294 7 11

262 486 10 18

234 354 8 15

In conclusion, the small elytral costa at apical curve (Fig. 1) is usually a reliable character to distinguish A. ignita from A. rosae Woods and A. kalmiae (Melsheimer) which often show the same bright violet-purple coloration but always lack the small elytral costa. The most useful character is found on the ventral side of the aedeagus, more precisely in the ventral ridges which are close at the base but broadly separated at the apex (Fig. 2). The absence of oblique wrinkles is also uncommon although there male genitalia of several species are still unknown. For the female genitalia, the styli are unique in their extended basal fusion and their acutely diverging tips (Fig. 3). Type material. The lectotype, from the A.S. Knoch collection, was collected at Francillon in 1774, and is preserved in the Museum fr Naturkunde der Humbolt-Universitt in Berlin. See detailed discussion in LeSage (1999). Distribution. Based on the examination of 127 specimens. UNITED STATES No collection data, C.V. Riley Collection (USNM) 1. Alabama. Clarke Co.: Jackson, 19.IV.1910 (as 4-19-10), W.D. Pierce (USNM) 1; Houston Co.: 1 mi. N Wicksbrug, 6.V.1983, R. Turnbow (RHTC) 1; 1 mi. N Wicksbrug, 8.V.1983, R. Turnbow (EGRC) 1; Macon Co.: Tuskegee National Forest, 31.III.1964, E.U. Balsbaugh Jr., on Prunus (NDSU) 1; Mobile Co.: Grand Bay, VIII.1950, H.P. Lding (USNM) 1; Mobile, VII.1920, no collectors name (MCZ) 1. Connecticut. Litchfield Co.: New Hartford, VIII.1997, no collectors name (USNM) 4. Georgia. Bryan Co.: Richmond Hill, 6.XII.1943, no collectors name, 20834, on Platanus occidentalis (USNM) 2; Chatham Co.: Savannah, 24.VI.1949, no collectors name, Lot No. 43-15393, on corn (USNM) 1; Coob Co.: 2 mi S Cherokee Co. line, 6.VI.1944, no collectors name, 18552, on Prunus americana (USNM) 1; 2 mi S. Cherokee Co. line, 6.VI.1944, no collectors name, 18544, on Prunus angustifolia (USNM) 3; Fulton Co.: 1/10 mi N Sandy Springs, 6.VI.1941, W.F. Turner, 18561, on Prunus angustifolia (USNM) 2. Illinois. Cook Co.: Bowmanville, 3.VII.1904, A.B. Wolcott (FMNH) 3. Massachusetts. Worcester Co.: Worcester, 7.IX.1922, H.B. Ramsey (USNM) 3. Maryland. Baltimore Co.: Baltimore, VII.1922, F.E. Blaisdell (CAS) 2; Montgomery Co.: Cabin John, Hotel, 29.VI.1930, J.C. Bridwell, on wild plum (USNM) 8; Cabin John, Potomac River, 24.V.1952, G.H. Nelson, beating prune (USNM) 2.

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Fig. 6. Altica ignita, distribution in North America

Maine. Kennebec Co.: Waterville, 22.IX.1907, no collectors name, on plum (USNM) 1. Michigan. Wayne Co.: Detroit, winter, Hubbard and Schwarz (USNM) 2. Mississippi. Lafayette Co.: Oxford, 25.II.1977, D. Stanford (NDSU) 1; Lincoln Co.: (county record only), 7.IX.1927 (as 7-9-27), Turner, #6866, peach foliage (USNM) 1. North Carolina. Henderson Co.: Mills River, 28.VII.1951, H.F. Howden, Acc. No. IZ-1984-155 (CMNC) 1; Macon Co.: Franklin, 19.VI.1957, W.J. Brown, on Prunus americana (CNC 12); Wake Co.: Raleigh, 2 and 4.V.1952, D.M. Weisman, on Prunus angustifolia (USNM) 2; Raleigh, 2 and 4.V.1952, D.M. Weisman, on Prunus angustifolia Marshall (CNC) 1, CDFA) 1. State record only, no additional data (MCZ) 1.

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New York. Bronx Co.: Bronx, (no date), H.S. Barber bequest (USNM) 1; Cattaragus Co.: Salamanca, 21.VII.1940, H. Dietrich (CUIC) 2; Erie Co.: Buffalo, no additional data (USNM) 2; Buffalo, 5876, no additional data (USNM); Buffalo, (no date), Collection Belfrage, 5878 (CNC) 1; Orange Co.: Pine Island. VI.1950, H.S. Barber bequest, accession No. 11938 (USNM) 1. State record only: no additional record (USNM) 1; 1926, Collection C.V. Riley (USNM) 1; Collection C.V. Riley, Collection Belfrage (USNM) 2; (no date), Collection J.B. Smith; 6961H (USNM) 3; collection Belfrage (USNM). Pennsylvania. Allegheny Co.: (county record only), 15.VI.1990, E.A. Klages (CUIC) 4; Crawford Co.: Guys Mills, VIII.1909, Liebeck collection (MCZ) 2. South Carolina. Aiken Co.: Aiken, 31.V.1957, W.J. Brown, on Prunus (plum) (CNC) 13, (CEUM) 1. Tennessee. Roane Co.: (county record only), 16.VI.1939, W.F. Turner, 14380, sweeping wild plum (USNM) 3. Virginia. Amherst Co.: (county record only), 15.VI.1940, W.F. Turner, 16704, wild plum (USNM) 1, Fairfax Co.: Mount Vernon, 6.VI.1915, W.L. McAtee, Prunus domesticus (USNM) 3, Nelson Co.: (county record only), W. Robinson, 6963: 19.VI.1914, (USNM) 1; 28.VII.1914 (USNM) 2; 28.VII.1916 (USNM) 1; 15.VI.1940, W.F. Turner, 16695, wild plum (USNM) 1. West Virginia. Hampshire Co.: Springfield, III.1901, (collectors name not given), 9497, on plum (USNM) 1; Mineral Co.: West Sulphur City (as W. Sulphur), W. Robinson, 6963: 3.VII.1910 (USNM) 1; 5.VII.1910 (USNM) 2; 3.VII.1912 (USNM) 1. Monroe Co.: Hollywood, 29.VIII.1979, C.C. Coffman, Malaise trap (BYUC) 1; Pocahontas Co. Williams River, Tea Creek Campground, 24.V.1995, S.M. Clark, (BYUC) 1; Wayne Co.; Beech Fork Lake, 23.IX.1996, L. Torres-Miller (BYUC) 1. Biology. The general pattern of the life cycle should be similar to that already described for the Grape flea beetles (LeSage and Zmudzinska 2003). However, very little reliable information is available on the true Altica ignita. Britton (1898) reported that adults (erroneously identified as A. chalybea) had badly eaten the twig leaves of plum trees in New Hartford (Connecticut). Host plants. Only trees of the genus Prunus are recognized here as the true host plants. Host records found on the labels of the specimens examined are: - Prunus sp. (plum, prune): 6 records. - Prunus americana Marsh. [Wild plum according to Fernald (1970)]: 4 records. - Prunus angustifolia Marsh.: 5 records. - Prunus domesticus L.: 1 record. The following plants recorded on labels are considered accidental: - corn (Zea mays L.): 1 record. - peach foliage: 1 record. - Platanus occidentalis L.: 1 record. Parasites. Unknown. Predators. Unknown. Common names. Neal (1890) called Altica ignita the Strawberry Beetle, Riley and Howard (1891a) the Fiery Flea beetle, Webster (1891) the Strawberry Leaf Beetle, and Chittenden

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(1900) the Strawberry flea-beetle which has been adopted by subsequent authors (Webster 1891; OKane 1912; Gibson 1913a; Slingerland and Crosby 1914; Essig 1915; Watson (1917, 1919); Lochhead 1919; Harned 1924, 1925; Metcalf and Flint 1928, 1939; Langford and Anderson 1937, 1938). The American Association of Economic Entomologists accepted the name in the first edition of the Common Names of Insects (CNAAEE 1925) but dropped it later (Muesebeck 1942; Werner 1982; Stoetzel 1989; Bosik 1997). In Canada, Benoit (1975, 1985) gave the French equivalent Altise du fraisier for the English counter part, although this species is not found in Canada (see map, Fig. 6). Most common names of the leaf beetles are derived from their host plant. Consequently, the common name Plum Flea Beetle should apply here for Altica ignita Illiger. Economic importance. None today. May have had some in the past, but it is impossible to know since Altica ignita has been confused with several other species. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to thank the curators of collections for the loan of the specimens treated in the present contribution. Their names and addresses are given in LeSage (1995). The assistance of C. and S. Staines and A. Konstantinov (USNM) has been very helpful for the location of the specimens from Plummers Island, Maryland. The inking of figures has been done by Go Sato, the electronic treatment by Susan Flood, and the habitus made by Klaus Bolte, all three from ECORC. The comments of our colleague Patrice Bouchard were greatly appreciated. LITERATURE CITED
Balsbaugh, E. U. and K. L. Hays. 1972. The leaf beetles of Alabama (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Bulletin of the Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn University 441: 1-223. Beller, S. and M. H. Hatch 1932. Coleoptera of Washington: Chrysomelidae. University of Washington Publications in Biology 1: 65-114. Benoit, P. 1975. French names of insects in Canada with corresponding Latin and English names. Quatrime dition. Agriculture Qubec, Publication QA38-R4-30. 214 pp. Benoit, P. 1985. Nomenclatura insectorum canadensium. Noms dinsectes au Canada. Insect names in Canada. Laurentian Forest research Centre. Canadian Forestry Service. 299 pp. Blackwelder, R. E. 1946. Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South America. United States Government Printing Office, Washington. Part 4. Pp. 551-763. Blatchley, W. S. 1910. An illustrated descriptive catalogue of the Coleoptera or beetles known to occur in Indiana. The Nature Publishing Co., Indianapolis. 1385 pp. Blatchley, W. S. 1921. Notes on Indiana Halticini with characterization of a new genus and description of new species. New York Entomological Society 29: 16-27. Blatchley, W. S. 1924. The Chrysomelidae of Florida (continued). The Florida Entomologist 8: 17-46. Blunk, H. 1954. Handbuch der Planzenkrankheiten. Fnfter Band. Tieresche Schdlinge an Nutzfflanzen, 2. Teil. Fnfte, neubearbeitete Auflage. Zweite Lieferung Coleoptera. Paul Parey, Berlin and Hamburg. 599 pp. Bosik, J. J. 1997. Common names of insects and related organisms. Committee on Common Names of Insects. Entomological Society of America, Lanham (Maryland). 232 pp.

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Brimley, J. F. 1930. Coleoptera found in the Rainy River District, Ont. The Canadian Field-Naturalist 44: 135-140. Brimley, J. F. 1938. The Insects of North Carolina. North Carolina Department of Agriculture Division of Entomology, Raleigh. 560 pp. Britton, W. E. 1898. Insect notes of the season. Twenty-first Annual Report of the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station for 1897 31: 314-319. Britton, W. E. 1920. Check-list of the insects of Connecticut State. Geological and Natural History Survey Bulletin 31: 1-397. Britton, W. E. 1923. Twenty-second report of the state entomologist. Bulletin of the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station 247: 269-475. Brodie, W. and J. E. White 1883. Checklist of insects of the Dominion of Canada. Natural History Society of Toronto. C. Blackett Robinson, Toronto. 67 pp. Bruner, L. 1890. Not available. Campbell, J. M., M. J. Sarazin, and D. B. Lyons. 1989. Canadian beetles (Coleoptera) injurious to crops, ornamentals, stored products, and buildings. Agriculture Canada, Research Branch. Publication 1826. 491 pp. Chagnon, G. 1917. A preliminary list of the insects of the province of Quebec. Supplement to Report of the Quebec Society for the Protection of Plants - Part III Coleoptera. 277 pp. Chagnon, G. 1938. Contribution ltude des Coloptres de la province de Qubec. Le Naturaliste canadien 65: 157-166. Chagnon, G. 1940. Contribution ltude des Coloptres de la province de Qubec. Dpartement de Biologie de lUniversit de Montral, Montral. 385 pp. Chagnon, G. and A. Robert. 1962. Principaux Coloptres de la province de Qubec. Les Presses de lUniversit de Montral, Montral. 440 pp. Chittenden, F. H. 1900. Some insects injurious to garden crops. Division of entomology. Bulletin of the United States Department of Agriculture 23: 30-95. Clark, S. M. 2000. An annotated list of the leaf beetles of West Virginia (Coleoptera: Orsodacnidae, Megalopodidae, Chrysomelidae exclusive of Bruchinae). Occasional Publications of the West Virginia Department of Agriculture, Charleston, West Virginia. 93 pp. CNAAEE 1925. Committee on Nomenclature of the American Association of Economic Entomology. Common names of insects approved for general use by the American Association of Economic Entomologists. Journal of Economic Entomology 18: 521-545. Dean, G. A. 1930. Insects injurious to small fruits. The Biennial Report of the Kansas State Horticultural Society 40: 137-155. Dearborn, R. G. and C. P. Donahue 1993. The forest insect survey of Maine an annotated list of insects collected and recorded by the Maine Forest Service. Maine Forest Service Department of Conservation, Insect and Disease Division. Technical Report No. 32. 101 pp. Downie, N. M and R. H. Arnett. 1996. The beetles of Northeastern North America. Gainesville, Florida: The Sandhill Crane Press. Volume II, pp. 891-1721. Duckett, A. B. 1920. Annotated list of Halticini. The University of Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 241: 111-155. Essig, E. O. 1915. Injurious and beneficial insects of California (second edition). Supplement to The Monthly Bulletin. California State Commission of Horticulture, Sacramento, California. 541 pp. Essig, E. O. 1929. Insects of Western North America. The Macmillan Company, New York. 1035 pp. Essig, E. O. 1958. Insects and mites of Western North America. The Macmillan Company, New York. 1050 pp.

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Fall, H. C. 1910. Miscellaneous notes and descriptions of North American Coleoptera. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 36: 89-197. Fall, H. C. 1920. On certain species of Haltica, old and new. Psyche 27: 101-111. Fernald, M. L. 1970. Grays manual of botany Eighth (centennial) edition Illustrated. D. Van Nostrand Company, New York. 1632 pp. Fitch, A. (1856) 1859. Third report on the noxious and other insects of the state of New York. C. Van Benthuysen, Albany. 172 pp. Gibson, A. 1913a. Flea-beetles and their control. Dominion of Canada Department of Agriculture, Division of Entomology. Entomological Circular No. 2. 11 pp Gibson, A. 1913b. Flea-beetles and their control. The Review of Applied Entomology (Series A: Agricultural) 1: 298. Hamilton, J. 1889. Notes on Coleoptera No 6. The Canadian Entomologist 21: 237-242. Hamilton, J. 1894. Coleoptera taken at Lake Worth, Florida. The Canadian Entomologist 26: 250-256. Hamilton, J. 1895. Catalogue of the Coleoptera of Southwestern Pennsylvania, with notes and descriptions. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 22: 317-352. Harned, R. W. 1924. Biennial report of the State Plant Board of the State of Mississippi for the years 1922 and 1923. A. and M. College, Mississippi state. 102 pp. Harned, R. W. 1925. Biennial report of the state Plant Board of the State of Mississippi for the years 1922 and 1923. The Review of Applied Entomology 12: 347. Harrington, W. H. 1884. List of Ottawa Coleoptera. Transactions of the Ottawa Field-Naturalists Club 2: 67-85. Harris, T. W. 1833. VIII. Insects. Pp. 33-82 in E. Hitchcock (Ed.), Part IV. A catalogue of the animals and plants in Massachusetts. Report on the geology, mineralogy, botany, and zoology of Massachusetts. J.S. and C. Adams, Amherst. 692 pp. Hartzell, F. F. 1910. A preliminary report on grape insects. Bulletin of the New York Agricultural Experiment Station 331: 485-581. Hartzell, F. E. 1915. The grape vine flea-beetle (Haltica chalybea Illiger). Pp. 201-209 in Permanent Viticulture Commission (Ed.) Official report of the session of the International Congress of Viticulture held in Recital Hall at Festival Hall, Panama-Pacific International Exposition, San Francisco, Cal., July 12 and 13, 1915. 324 pp. Hatch, M. H. 1971. The beetles of the Pacific Northwest. Part V: Rhipiceroidea, Sternoxi, Phytophaga, Rhynchophora, and Lamellicornia. University of Washington Press, Seattle. 662 pp. Heikertinger, F. and E. Csiki 1940. Coleopterorum Catalogus. Chrysomelidae: Halticinae. Uitgeverij Dr. W. Junk, Verlg fr Naturwissenschaften, s-Gravenhage. 635 pp. Henshaw, S. 1885. List of the Coleoptera of America, North of Mexico. American Entomological Society, Philadelphia. 161 pp. Horn, G. H. 1889. A synopsis of the Halticini of boreal America. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 16: 163-320. Hudson, W. E. 1890. Flea beetle injury to strawberries. Insect Life 2: 369-370. Illiger, K. 1807. Verzeichnis der Arten der Flokfer, Halticae, in der Hellwig-Hoffmanseggischen Sammlung, mit Beschreibung der neuen, und Bezeichnung der brigen. Arten. Magazin fr Insektenkunde 6: 81-188. Isely, D. 1920. Grapevine flea-beetles. Bulletin of the United States Department of Agriculture 901: 1-27. Jacoby, M. 1892. Biologia Centrali-Americana. Insecta, Coleoptera - supplement to Phytophaga. Taylor and Francis, London. Volume 6, part 1, 374 pp.

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Johannsen, O. A. 1911. Insect notes for 1911. Bulletin of Maine Agricultural Experiment Station 195: 229-235. Kirk, V.M. 1969. A list of beetles of South Carolina. Part 1- Northern Coastal Plain. South Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station, Technical Bulletin 1033: 1-124. Langford, G. S. and E. J. Anderson 1937. Insects and diseases commonly encountered on strawberries. Transactions of the Peninsula Horticultural Society [1936]: 40-46. Langford, G. S. and E. J. Anderson 1938. Insects and diseases commonly encountered on strawberries. The Review of Applied Entomology (Series A: Agricultural) 25: 562. LeConte, J. L. 1859. The complete writings of Thomas Say on the entomology of North America. Baillire Brothers, New York. Volume I, 412 pp. Leng, C. W. 1920. Catalogue of the Coleoptera of America, north of Mexico. John D Sherman Jr., New York. 470 pp. Leonard, M. D. 1928. A list of the insects of New York with a list of the spiders and certain other allied groups. Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station. Memoir 101. 1121 pp. LeSage, L. 1991. Family Chrysomelidae, leaf beetles. Pp. 301-323 in Bousquet, Y. (Ed.) Checklist of beetles of Canada and Alaska. Agriculture Canada, Research Branch. Publication 1861/E. 430 pp. LeSage, L. 1995. Revision of the costate species of Altica Mller of North America North of Mexico (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). The Canadian Entomologist 127: 295-411. LeSage, L. 1999. propos de la srie type dAltica ignita Illiger, 1807 (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae). Nouvelle Revue dEntomologie 16: 373-376. LeSage, L. 2003. Flea beetles of the genus Altica found on grape in Northeastern North America (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario 133: 3-46. LeSage, L. and J. Denis 1999. The flea-beetle Altica corni Woods in North America (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Alticinae). Pp. 533-544 in M.L. Cox (Ed.), Advances in Chrysomelidae biology. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, the Netherlands. 669 pp. LeSage, L. and A. Zmudzinska 2003. Flea beetles of the genus Altica found on grape in Northeastern North America (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Ontario 133: 3-46. Lochhead, W. 1919. Class book of economic entomology. P. Blakistons Son and Co, Philadelphia 436 pp. Lding, H. P. 1945. Catalogue of the beetles of Alabama. Geological Survey of Alabama. Monograph 11. 172 pp. Lugger, O. 1899. Beetles injurious to fruit-producing plants. Bulletin of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station 66: 85-331. McBride, O. C. 1924. Injurious insect pests of strawberries. Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 215: 1-11. McBride, O. C. 1926. Injurious insect pests of strawberries. The Review of Applied Entomology (Series A: Agricultural) 13: 34. McMillan, C. 1888. Twenty-two common insects of Nebraska. Bulletin of the Agricultural Experiment Station of Nebraska 1: 33-133. Melsheimer, F. E., S. S. Haldeman and J. L. LeConte 1853. Catalogue of the described Coleoptera of the United States. Smithsonian Institution, Washington. 172 pp. Metcalf, C. L. and W. P. Flint 1928. Destructive and useful insects, their habits and control (first edition). McGraw-Hill Book co., New York and London. 918 pp. Metcalf, C. L. and W. P. Flint 1939. Destructive and useful insects, their habits and control (second edition). McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York and London. 981 pp. Moznette, G. F. 1917. The rose flea-beetle (Haltica probata Fall). Journal of Entomology and Zoology 9: 13-18. Muesebeck, C. F. W. 1942. Common names of insects approved by the American Association of Economic Entomologists. Journal of Economic Entomology 35: 84-101.

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Neal, J. C. 1890. Entomological notes. Bulletin of the Experiment Station of Florida 9: 3-16. OKane, W. C. 1912. Injurious insects, how to recognize and control them. The Macmillan Company, New York. 414 pp. Piper, C. V. 1895. Insects pests of the garden, farm and orchard. Bulletin of the Washington State Agricultural College and School of Science Experiment Station 17: 5-57. Poole, R. W. and P. Gentili 1996. Nomina Insecta Nearctica. A check list of the insects of North America. Volume 1: Coleoptera, Strepsiptera. Entomological Information Services, Rockville, Maryland. 827 pp. Procter, W. 1938. Biological survey of the Mount desert region. Part VI. The insect fauna. The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia. 496 pp. Procter, W. 1946. Biological survey of the Mount desert region. Part VII. The insect fauna. The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia. 566 pp. Quaintance, A. L. and C. L. Shear 1907. Insect and fungus enemies of the grape east of the Rocky Mountains. United State Department of Agriculture. Farmers Bulletin 284: 1-48. Reh, L. 1913. Die tierischen Feinde, in prof. Dr. Paul Sorauer (Ed.) Handbuch der Pflanzenkrankheiten, Paul Parey Verlagsbuchhandlung, Berlin. Dritter Band. 774 pp. Riley, C. V. 1880. Beetles injuring cabbages and fuchsias. The American Entomologist 3: 200. Riley, C. V. 1893. New injurious insects of a year. Insect Life 1: 16-19. Riley, C. V. and L. O. Howard 1889. Flea beetle injury to strawberry. Insect Life 1: 220-221. Riley, C. V. and L. O. Howard 1890. Flea beetle injury to strawberry. Insect Life 2: 369-370. Riley, C. V. and L. O. Howard 1891a. Economic entomology in Indiana Insect Life 3: 366. Riley, C. V. and L. O. Howard 1891b. Nebraska entomology. Insect Life 3: 437-438. Riley, C. V. and L. O. Howard 1893. The Red-legged flea-beetle (Crepidodera rufipes L.). Insect Life 5: 334-342. Riley. E. G., S. M. Clark, T. N. Seeno. 2003. Catalog of the leaf beetles of America north of Mexico. Coleopterists Society Special Publication No. 1, 290 pp. Saunders, W. 1883. Insects injurious to fruits. J.B. Lippincott and Co., Philadelphia. 436 pp. Saunders, W. 1889. Insects injurious to fruits (second edition). J.B. Lippincott and Co., Philadelphia. 436 pp. Saunders, W. 1900. Insects injurious to fruits (second edition, new printing). J.B. Lippincott and Co., Philadelphia. 436 pp. Say, T. 1832. New species of North American insects found by Joseph Barabino chiefly in Louisiana. New Harmony, Indiana. Pp. 3-16. Schaeffer, C. 1924. On a few new and old Chrysomelidae. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 32: 138-145. Schaeffer, C. 1932. Notes on some Halticinae with descriptions of new species (Col. Chrysomelidae). Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 27: 239-245. Schwarz, E. A. 1893. Notes on the food-habits of some halticids. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 2: 182-184. Slingerland, M. V. and C. R. Crosby 1914. Manual of fruit insects. The Macmillan Company, New York. 503 pp. Smith, J. B. 1890. Catalogue of insects found in New Jersey. Geological Survey of New Jersey (Final report of the state Geologist), Volume 2, Part 2, 486 pp. Smith, J. B. 1900. Insects of New Jersey A list of the species occurring in New Jersey, with notes on those of economic importance. Supplement to the 27th Annual Report of the State Board of Agriculture. MacCrellish and Quigley State Printers, Trenton (New Jersey). 755 pp. Smith, J. B. 1910. Annual report of the New Jersey State Museum including a report of the insects of New Jersey. MacCrellish and Quigley State Printers, Trenton, New Jersey. 888 pp.

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Staines, C. L. and S. L. Staines 1998. The leaf beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): potential indicator species assemblages for natural area monitoring. Pp. 233-244 in Therres, G.D. (Ed.), A key to the restoration of the Chesapeake Bay Ecosystem and Beyond. Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Annapolis, Maryland. 344 pp. Stear, J. R. 1918. Flea-beetles as pests of the garden. Monthly Bulletin of the Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station, Wooster 32: 251-253. Stear, J. R. 1919. Flea-beetles as pests of the garden. The Review of Applied Entomology (Series A: Agricultural) 7: 147-148. Stoetzel, M. B. 1989. Common names of insects and related organisms. Entomological Society of America, Lanham, Maryland. 199 pp. Van Horn, M. C. 1935. Haltica ignita feeding on fuchsia in the greenhouse. Journal of Economic entomology 28: 98. Van Horn, M. C. 1936. Haltica ignita feeding on fuchsia in the greenhouse. The Review of Applied Entomology (Series A: Agricultural) 23: 315. Watson, J. R. 1915. Florida truck and garden insects. Bulletin of the University of Florida Agricultural Experiment Station 134: 35-127. Watson, J. R. 1917. Florida truck and garden insects. The Review of Applied Entomology (Series A: Agricultural) 5: 305-307. Watson, J. R. 1919. Florida truck and garden insects. The Review of Applied Entomology (Series A: Agricultural) 7: 418. Webster, F. M. 1891. The strawberry leaf beetle (Haltica ignita) in Indiana. Insect life 3: 317-318. Werner, F. G. 1982. Common names of insects and related organisms. Entomological Society of America. 132 pp. Wickham, H. F. 1895. A list of Coleoptera from the southern shore of Lake Superior. Proceedings of the Davenport Academy of Sciences 6: 125-169. Wickham, H. F. 1902. A catalogue of the Coleoptera of Colorado. Bulletin from the Laboratories of the State University of Iowa 5: 217-310. Wickham, H. F. 1911. A catalogue of the Coleoptera of Iowa. Bulletin from the Laboratories of the State University of Iowa (N.S.) 6: 1-40. Wilcox, J. A. 1954. The leaf beetles of Ohio (Chrysomelidae: Coleoptera). Bulletin of the Ohio Biological Survey 43: 353-506. Wilcox, J. A. 1975. Checklist of the Chrysomelidae of Canada, United States, Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies family No. 104. Red version of the North American Beetle Fauna Project. Biological Research Institute of America, Inc. Latham, New York. 166 pp. Wilcox, J. A. 1979. Leaf beetle host plants in Northeastern North America (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). North American Beetle Fauna Project. The Biological research Institute of America, Inc. World Natural History Publications, Kinderhook, New York. 30 pp. Wilcox, J. A. 1983. The Leaf beetles and bean weevils. Yellow version of the Checklist of the Beetles of North and Central America and the West Indies (compiled and edited by R.H. Arnett and others). Flora and Fauna Publications, Gainesville, Florida. North American Beetle Fauna Project. Biological Research Institute of America, Inc. Volume 8, 166 pp. Woods, W. C. 1918. The biology of Maine species of Altica. Bulletin of Maine Agricultural Experiment Station 273: 149-204. Woods, W. C. 1919. The biology of Maine species of Altica. The Review of Applied Entomology (Series A: Agricultural) 7: 58.

PENSOFT Publishers Contribution Sofia Moscow

Konstantinov, Tishechkin, Penev (eds.) 2005 to the Knowledge of Chrysolina (Crositops) pedestris (Gebler, 143 Contributions to Systematics 1823) and Biology of Beetles Papers Celebrating the 80th Birthday of Igor Konstantinovich Lopatin, pp. 143-151

Contribution to the Knowledge of Chrysolina (Crositops) pedestris (Gebler, 1823) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae): Preimaginal Stages and Ecology
Yuri E. Mikhailov
Urals State Forestry-Engineering University, Dept. of Botany and Forest Protection, Sibirsky trakt 37, Yekaterinburg, 620100 RUSSIA, e-mail: Yuri.Mikhailov@usu.ru

ABSTRACT
Description of the last and first instar larvae, host plant and detailed distribution are first given for the leaf beetle Chrysolina pedestris Gebler from Altai and Eastern Kazakhstan. Phylogenetic connections between Siberian subgenera Timarchoptera Motschulsky and Crositops Marsham and Mediterranian subgenus Threnosoma Motschulsky are discussed.

KEY WORDS
Ecology, preimaginal stages, zoogeography, Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Chrysolina, Altai.

Our expedition of the year 2003 to the Eastern Kazakhstan resulted above all in new data on the ecology of the leaf beetle Chrysolina pedestris (Gebler 1823) inhabiting steppe piedmonts of the Altai Mountains. Despite the fact that this species is not rare, neither its host plant nor a larva were known. In the north-western spurs of the Ubinsky Mountain range we managed to find the host plant of this species, near the roots of which it can be easily found. Thus we collected the beetles and the last instar larvae. Several beetles were put into a rearing cage, where they lived until the end of the expedition and fed on the host plant, and then were delivered to Yekaterinburg. One female and two males lived in the rearing cage from mid-July until 21 August. The female started laying eggs in early August, from which 30 larvae emerged in total and 5 eggs became shriveled. The larvae emerged in two batches: on 13/14 and 19 August. Thus we studied the last and the first instar larvae. Additional data on distribution, ecology and larval morphology was collected in August 2004, during the joint Belgian-Russian expedition to the South Altai. For clarifying the distribution and variability of the species besides our own findings and collection we also worked with the following collections: NHMB - Naturhistorisches Museum (Basel, Switzerland); SZM - Siberian Zoological Museum, Novosibirsk; ZISP - Zoological Institute RAS, St.-Petersburg; ZMPU - Zoological Museum of the State University of Perm;

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cIL - collection of Dr. Igor K. Lopatin (Minsk, Belorussia); cLM - collection of Dr. Lev N. Medvedev (Moscow, Russia); cMB - collection of Michel Bergeal (Versailles, France). Unfortunately the majority of the early findings (before the twentieth century) are useless because of the lack of exact locality data. VARIABILITY OF ADULTS Chrysolina (Crositops) pedestris (Gebler 1823: 118) was described from Zmeinogorsk (now in Altai province of Russia). This wingless species is one of the largest leaf beetles in Siberia. Males: body length 7.8-10.4 mm, width 5.1-7.3 mm; females: body length 9.0-12.4 mm, width 6.2-9.0 mm. Males have dilated tarsi (especially on forelegs) and more narrowed and flattened body. In males body coloration above is mostly coppery-violet with pronotum of the same color or bronze, rarely body uniformly greenish bronze. Females above are either coppery-violet with bronze or greenish bronze pronotum or having greenish elytra with violet tinge and coppery-violet pronotum, very rare upper side is uniformly blue (specimens from Kurja (SZM) and from Chemal (cLM)). Ventrally both sexes are uniformly greenish bronze (except blue morphs which are entirely uniform). Elytral punctation is confused with short traces of rows forming almost entire rows on disc of females. In males punctures usually are large, deep and dense with elytral surface shining; in females - distinct, medium-sized, sparse and not deep with elytral surface dull. Punctation of pronotum is much finer and denser so that it looks from silky shining (satiny) to almost smooth. HOST PLANT Mainly Seseli buchtormense (Fischer ex Sprengel) W. Koch (Libanotis buchtormensis) and very rare S. glabratum Willd. (Apiaceae). DISTRIBUTION* (FIG. 1) Altai province: Zmeinogorsk (loc. typ.), Kolyvan, Semenovskoe, Novoalejskoe, Pavlovka, Ust-Janka, Kurja, Bijsk; Eastern Kazakhstan region: Ust-Kamenogorsk, Semipalatinsk; Kalbinskij Mt. range: Koktau mts.: 15 km N Nikitinka; Sibinskije lakes, Targyn, Laily river, Vasiljevka crossing; ALTAI: Western: Ubinskij range: env. of Sekisovka; Kolyvanskij range: env. of erepanovskij; Ivanovskij range: env. of Ulba; Northern: Seminskij range: env. of emal; Southern: Narymskij range: 20 and 15 km SW Svinchatka, 15 km S Bolenarymskoe, env. of Maimyr; Asutau range: Mramornyi pass; Buhtarma basin: Baty (25 km E Samarskoe, inundated); Turgusun; env. of Chirkain; Buhtarma river valley: 5 km W Medvedka, 10 km NE Katon-Karagai; Tomsk; ? Tuva: Sagly (doubtful finding).

* For the description of the detailed distribution we use the system introduced earlier (Mikhailov, 2002). The names in bold and underlined show mountain systems and their parts, underlined - mountain ranges inside the systems, names in bold and not underlined - administrative units outside the mountain systems.

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Fig. 1. Findings of Chrysolina pedestris Gebler in Southern Siberia and Eastern Kazakhstan (circles) and distribution of its host plant Seseli buchtormense (dotted line).

The northern part of the distribution in South Siberia (Fig. 1) corresponds well to the distribution area of the host plant (mapped by Pimenov et al. 1996). From the southwest the distribution is limited by Kalbinsky Mt. range, further to the East and crossing Buhtarma basin the species follows the northern piedmonts of South Altai and than Buhtarma river valley. The southeastern limit of the distribution is not clear yet. Our very recent surprising finding at Mramornyi (Marble) pass southwards from Markakol lake makes presence of Ch. pedestris in the piedmonts of Haba range in the adjacent territory of Xijiang-Uygur region of China quite possible.

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The indication of the beetles in Tuva (cMB) seems doubtful as three our own collecting trips and large material of other collectors have not proved any specimens. The finding near Tomsk (cLM) shows one of the isolated fragments of the distribution that according to the findings of the host plant are possible also along the lower Yenisej river. The host plant can be found in the broader altitudinal range than the leaf beetle and not only on the stony slopes, but among the rocks of alpine zone. That is why Chrysolina pedestris does not follow distant southward the distribution of the host plant in the mountains of Central Asia. The leaf beetle inhabits steppe habitats with the patches of the host plant among stones in the lower altitudinal belts and low isolated hills at the altitude 800-1000 m a.s.l. The highest known finding on the Marble pass of Asutau range is at 1300 m. Therefore Chrysolina pedestris is Altai - Kalba piedmontane petroxerophylous species. DESCRIPTION OF THE LAST INSTAR LARVA Terminology and description plan follow Medvedev & Zaitsev (1978), Erber & Medvedev (1993), Steinhausen (1994). Body strongly convex above and flat below, dirty yellow. Prothorax, legs and large sclerites brown; head capsule well sclerotized, from dark brown to black, often labrum and clypeus, sometimes also sutures yellowish brown. All tergites and sternites (except prothorax and median of thoracic tergites) with well developed microsculpture, which is denser on dorsal side than on ventral. Length of body up to 11 mm, width of head capsule 2.5 mm (variability - see Table 1). Head (Fig. 2) slightly transverse; vertex impressed with polygonal patterns and covered with numerous (31-33 pairs) short setae. Epicranial suture short; frontal sutures almost parallel and winding in basal part than divergate into almost right angle. Frons broad, convex along median line and impressed on sides, covered with distinct wrinkles. Frons with 5 pairs of primary and 13 - 14 pairs of secondary setae. Clypeus with 3 pairs of primary setae. Labrum (Fig. 3) with basal process smoothed out and broadly rounded apical angles. Fore margin with 3 marginal and 2 central (one thick and one thin) setae on each side; median incisure arcuate and moderately deepened. Surface with 4 long discal setae and 4 secondary setae close to fore margin. Antennae (Fig. 4) situated on large palpifers, 3-segmented, 2nd segment with conical sensilla. Mandibles (Fig. 5) with 4 broad, pointed, and notched and 1 narrow, blunted tooth. Prothorax well sclerotized, surface of transverse sclerite finely impressed with polygonal patterns and divided in middle with light stripe. Each half of sclerite covered with numerous short setae (about 64) situated mainly along median, fore and lateral sides (Fig. 7). Tergal area without sclerites. Meso- and metathorax and abdominal tergites covered with granular microsculpture and numerous faintly visible (only under thin liquid layer) short setae (Figs. 8-10). Dorso-lateral wing sclerites on mesothorax (Fig. 8) large crescent-ovate with numerous (up to 19) setae and on metathorax (Fig. 9) - smaller and having only 9-10 setae; epipleural sclerites with 2 setae each. Stigmae with dark sclerotized ring. Segments of thorax (Fig. 11) and abdomen (Fig. 12) in sternal area each with large ovate central sclerite bearing primary and secondary setae and several small round scleritoides. Hypopleural area with 4-5 setae on separate scleritoides.

Contribution to the Knowledge of Chrysolina (Crositops) pedestris (Gebler, 1823)


Table 1. Morphometric variability of the larvae. Instar I II III IV (and V ?) Width of head capsule, mm 0.9 1.1 (1.0 0.1) 1.3 1.4 (1.4 0.1) 1.9 2.0 (1.9 0.1) 2.4 2.9 (2.6 0.2) Body length, mm 2.3 3.1 (2.6 0.3) 3.5 5.4 (4.5 0.6) 4.7 6.4 (5.6 0.8) 9.5 11.1 (9.7 1.3)

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sample 32 8 9 17

Tibiotarsus (Fig. 6) short with 2 setae below, claw strongly curved with slight obtuse tooth at base and short seta. Material. Eastern Kazakhstan, NW spurs of Ubinsky Mt. range, 3 km NE Sekisovka, steppe hills, at the roots of Seseli buchtormense, 17.VII.2003, Yu. E. Mikhailov leg. (beetles and last instar larvae collected in the natural habitat, first instar larvae reared from eggs in the laboratory 13/ 14.VIII and 19.VIII.2003). EGG Large, dark yellow, elliptic, 2.2 2.6 mm long, 1.8 1.9 times as long as broad.

1 mm

1 mm

Figs. 2 - 6. Chrysolina pedestris, last instar larva: 2. head: chaetotaxy and microsculpture of frons; 3. labrum; 4. right mandible from outside; 5. right antenna; 6. tibiotarsus of middle left leg.

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1 mm

8 11 9

10

12

Figs. 7 - 12. Chrysolina pedestris, last instar larva: 7-10. tergites of thorax and abdomen (left half): 7. prothorax and its microsculpture; 8. meso-; 9. metathorax; 10. first abdominal segment; 11-12. sternites of thorax and abdomen: 11. thorax and microsculpture of metathorax; 12. abdominal segments 3 and 4.

FIRST INSTAR LARVA Body light-yellow, head, prothorax and egg burster tubercles dark brown; antennae, legs, large sclerites, maxillae and labium yellowish brown. All tergites and sternites (except prothorax) evenly covered with granular microsculpture. Head (except frons), prothorax and rest of tergites (except the last 3) and hypopleural sclerites covered with clavate setae (Fig. 13). Frons, three last tergites and all sternites covered with simple setae. Length of body around 2.1 mm, width of head capsule around 1.0 mm. (variability - see Table 1). Head (Fig. 14) slightly transverse; vertex covered with numerous clavate setae (5 pairs of primary and around 20 pairs of secondary ones of the same length). Frontal sutures first divergate into acute angle than change to almost right angle. Frons with 5 pairs of primary and 7-12 pairs of secondary setae. Prothorax (Fig. 13) with transverse sclerite divided in middle with light stripe, densely and evenly covered with numerous clavate setae. Tooth-like egg bursters on large heavily sclerotized tubercles present on meso- and metathorax and first abdominal tergite (Figs. 13, 15). Clavate setae of meso-, metathorax and abdominal tergites aranged in two almost straight and parallel rows without sleritoides. Dorso-lateral wing sclerites with 6-7 setae, larger on mesothorax and smaller on metathorax (Fig. 15). Thoracic segments (Fig. 16) each with ovate central sclerite bearing pair of primary setae. Abdominal segments (Fig. 17) in sternal area without central sclerite but also with pair of primary setae. The larvae of the following instars can be distinguished by the width of head capsule (Table 1). The second instar can easily be distinguished from the first instar by the absence of egg bursters and by light and shorter setae. All instars have similar coloration and can be collected near the roots of the host plant or on it even in a day time.

Contribution to the Knowledge of Chrysolina (Crositops) pedestris (Gebler, 1823)


1 mm

149

14
1 mm

16

13

15

17

Figs. 13 - 17. Chrysolina pedestris, first instar larva: 13. general dorsal view; 14. head; 15. tergites of meso- and metathorax and abdominal segment 1 in dorso-lateral view (egg bursters and wing sclerites of right side); 16 17. sternites of thorax and abdomen: 16. sternites of thorax; 17. left half of abdominal sternites 3 5.

SYSTEMATIC POSITION One of the possible groupings of species in the genus Chrysolina is based on the arrangement of egg bursters and associated setae (Cox 1994). The first instar larva of Ch. pedestris has relatively large tooth-like egg bursters and relatively short clavate setae on the tubercles. There are two ventral setae on each tubercle DLpi with egg bursters on meso- and metathorax and three (with an additional seta) on the first abdominal segment. Among all Chrysolina species with known structure of egg bursters (Cox 1994), Ch. pedestris is close to Ch. (Stichopetra) gypsophilae (Kst.). In general, larva of Ch. pedestris belongs to the group of species without scleritoides on the tergites and among all known larvae it is very close to that of Ch. haemochlora Gebler described by

20 18

19

21

Figs. 18-21. Chrysolina haemochlora, last instar larva: 18. head; 19. abdominal sternite 4; 20. pro- and mesothorax; 21. tibiotarsus (18 after after Medvedev & Zaitsev 1978; 19 - 21 - after Dolgin & Medvedev 1974).

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Dolgin & Medvedev (1974). The first species belongs to the subgenus Crositops Marseul, 1883, the second - to Timarchoptera Motschulsky, 1860, recently revised (Mikhailov 2002). The species can be distinguished by the following key. Large (up to 10-11 mm) larvae with black head; tergites of meso- and metathorax and abdomen without sclerites or scleritoides, covered with short setae. Claw with slight obtuse tooth at base (Figs. 6, 21). Feed on Apiaceae. 1 (2) Body dark gray. Frontal sutures basally form acute angle than divergate into almost right angle. Vertex mostly with primary setae (Fig. 18). Tergites of meso- and metathorax and abdomen with few setae (Fig. 20). Dorso-lateral wing sclerites with 5-7 setae .................... ........................................................................................................................ Ch. haemochlora Gebl. 2 (1) Body dirty yellow. Frontal sutures bassaly almost parallel than divergate into almost right angle. Vertex with numerous setae (more than 60). Tergites of meso- and metathorax and abdomen with numerous setae. Dorso-lateral wing sclerites with 9-19 setae ...................... .............................................................................................................................. Ch. pedestris Gebl. For the subgenera Crositops and Timarchoptera, which have similar morphology of adults and aedeagus shape, we have demonstrated here the similarity of larvae and feeding on the same family of the host plants - Apiaceae. These both Siberian subgenera are also related to the Mediterranean subgenus Threnosoma Motschulsky, which also inhabits submontane and montane habitats and feeds on Apiaceae. Unfortunately larva of Threnosoma remain undescribed (Steinhausen 1996). Similarity between Timarchoptera and Threnosoma was already discussed (Mikhailov 2002). Now we may postulate that three related genera have a relict nature: Threnosoma survived glaciation in the Mediterranean refugia and Timarchoptera and Crositops could survive in South Siberian mountains from Tertiary. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am grateful first of all to the British Ecological Society for the financial support (Small Ecological Project Grant # 2181) and Mr. Nail Nizametdinov, a student of our university, for assisting me in the expedition of the year 2003. The expedition of the year 2004 became possible thanks to Prof. Jacques Pasteels (Bruxelles) (Grant # 2.4543.03 from the Belgium Fund for Joint Basic Research). The mapping of the detailed distribution would be hardly possible without kind assistance of Dr. Gleb S. Medvedev (ZISP), Dr. Sergei E.Tshernyshev (SZM), Dr. Sergei Yesyunin (ZMPU) and Dr. Eva Sprecher (NHMB). I am much obliged to all of them for the opportunity to work with these rich collections and for the additional information kindly provided by Dr. Igor K. Lopatin (Minsk, Byelorussia), Dr. Lev N. Medvedev (Moscow, Russia) and Mr. Michel Bergeal (Versailles, France). LITERATURE CITED
Cox M. L. 1994. Egg bursters in the Chrysomelidae, with a review of their occurence in the Chrysomeloiodea (Coleoptera). In: Jolivet P.H., Cox M.L., Petitpierre E. (eds.) Novel aspects of the biology of Chrysomelidae, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Amsterdam, pp. 75-110.

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Dolgin M. M. and L. N. Medvedev. 1974. Previously unknown larvae of leaf beetles from Altai. 2. Zoological Zhurnal, 53 (6): 942-945. (in Russian). Erber D. and L. N. Medvedev. 1993. The larva of Chrysolina fragariae (Wollaston 1854). Bocagiana, Madeira, 166: 1-5. Medvedev L. N. and Yu. M. Zaitsev. 1978. Lichinki zhukov-listoedov Sibiri i Dalnego Vostoka. Nauka Publishing House, Moscow, 182 pp. (in Russian). Mikhailov Yu. E. 2002. A view on the subgenera Timarchoptera Motschulsky, 1860 and Paraheliostola L. Medvedev, 1992 of the genus Chrysolina Motschulsky after the description of two new forms from Khakassia (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Euroasian Entomological Journal, 1 (2): 219-228. (in Russian). Pimenov M. G., N. V. Vlasova, V. V. Zuev, G. A. Peshkova, K. S. Baikov, and E. M. Lyakh 1996. Geraniaceae - Cornaceae. Flora Sibiriae. V. 10. Nauka - Siberian Publishing Firm RAS, Novosibirsk, 254 pp. (in Russian). Steinhausen W. 1994. Familie: Chrysomelidae. In: Klausnitzer B. (ed.) Die Larven der Kafer Mitteleuropas. Goecke & Evers, Krefeld, Bd. 2, pp. 231-314. Steinhausen W. 1996. Status of West Palaearctic leaf beetle larvae research. In: Jolivet P. H. A. and M. L. Cox (eds.) Chrysomelidae biology, Vol. 3. General Studies. SPB Academic Publishing, Amsterdam, pp. 65-91.

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PENSOFT Publishers First Sofia Moscow

Konstantinov, Tishechkin, Penev (eds.) 2005 Report on Host Plants and Feeding Habits of the Leaf Beetle 153 Contributions to Systematics and Biology of Beetles Papers Celebrating the 80th Birthday of Igor Konstantinovich Lopatin, pp. 153-157

First Report on Host Plants and Feeding Habits of the Leaf Beetle Acentroptera pulchella Gurin-Mneville (Chrysomelidae, Hispinae)
Mantovani, A1,4, Magalhes, N.1, Teixeira, M. L.1, Leito, G.2, Staines, C.L.3 and Resende, B.1
1

Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botnico do Rio de Janeiro 2 Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro 3 Decker Place, Edgewater, Maryland, USA 4 Author for correspondence (andre@jbrj.gov.br)

ABSTRACT
Acentroptera pulchella Gurin-Mneville is reported to feed on Aechmea blanchetiana (Baker) L. B. Sm. and Neoregelia cruenta (Grah.) L. B. Sm. (Bromeliaceae). This is the first definitive host plant association for the genus. Adult feeding damage is of the scraper and external feeder type.

KEY WORDS
Herbivory, feeding behaviour, host-plants, Bromeliaceae, Chrysomelidae, Acentroptera pulchella.

INTRODUCTION The family Chrysomelidae has more than 37,000 species worldwide, distributed among 19 subfamilies (Jolivet & Hawkeswood 1995). The subfamily Hispinae, with 3000 species in 170 genera, is mainly tropical (Staines 2002a). The genus Acentroptera is comprised of 13 species distributed through Mexico to Argentina, with seven species occurring in Brazil (Uhmann 1957). Only about 40% of the host plants of leaf beetles are known (Jolivet 1997). For some genera no host information is available. Acentroptera Chevrolat (1837) represents such a case. Since it was described, there has been one report about its host plants published by Monrs & Viana (1947). The authors cited Ananas macrodens L. Merr. (Bromeliaceae) as the host plant of Acentroptera basilica Thomson (1856) in Argentina, Paraguay and Brazil. However, besides the plant name, the authors do not give any additional data about insect behaviour or feeding habits. The rest of Acentroptera species lack information about herbivory (Staines 2002b). According to Jolivet & Hawkeswood (1995), there is a great gap of information about ecology and habits of many neotropical insects, probably due to the high biodiversity in the tropics. More intensive research could lead to new data about species and its host plants, feeding habits and ecology.

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In this paper, we make the first report on host plants and feeding habits of the leaf beetle Acentroptera pulchella Gurin-Mneville (Chrysomelidae, Hispinae). Morphological, anatomical and microchemical aspects of the herbivory of this insect are presented. MATERIALS & METHODS For the present study, individuals of Aechmea blanchetiana (Baker) L. B. Sm. and Neoregelia cruenta (Grah.) L. B. Sm. (Bromeliaceae), were observed during January and February 2003 in the Research Institute of Botanical Gardens of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Attacked and non-attacked leaves from both species were analyzed in relation to its anatomy and presence of tannins. In order to detect the presence of tannins, the Reeves microchemical test (Reeve 1951) was applied to hand sections from fresh leaves. For anatomical studies, leaves of both species were first collected and fixed in glutaraldehyde 4% and formaldehyde 1% in sodium phosphate buffer 0.1M, pH 7.2, dehydrated through ethanol series and included in hydroxyethylmethacrylate (Gerrits & Smid 1983). The materials were sectioned at a 3-4 mm thickness in a Spencer microtome, stained with Toluidine Blue O (OBrien & McCully 1981) and observed with an Olympus BX-50 light microscope. Photomicrographs were obtained in a trinocular Zeiss microscope model number 3. RESULTS In September 2002, wounds were detected on bromeliad leaves from the plant collection. The wounds were long (20 to more than 100 mm in length) and narrow (2 to 5 mm) strips, concentrated mainly on the distal part of the leaf (Fig. 1). Almost all plants had at least one leaf damaged, indicating a high herbivory pressure. During daylight, adult beetles were seen more frequently in overcast days or during day times with ameliorated air temperature, but rarely in clear days during noon when air temperature was higher. Male and female individuals were found foraging alone or during copulation. The beetles were collected and identified as Acentroptera pulchella (Hispinae, Chrysomelidae). The feeding can be characterized by two distinct phases, wounding and cicatrisation (Fig. 1D1G). During the initial phase of wounding, the insects scrape the leaf from the outside, mainly through the adaxial epidermis (Figs. 1A, B, C). Anatomical analysis reveals that the mesophyll tissues hypodermis, clorenchyma, vascular tissue and sclerenchyma are indisciminately consumed (Fig. 1D). Only 4 to 5 layers of mesophyll cells, composed by clorenchyma, sclerenchyma and opposite hypodermis remain intact, but now exposed to ambient air (Figs. 1D, E). This condition leads to the second phase, when cicatrisation is visible. In the open wound, the remaining cells of the mesophyll become dry, presenting a cork-like appearance, and the whole wound is now surrounded by a deep red strip (Figs. 1F, G). Anatomical analysis reveals that non-attacked cells at the border of wounds die after scraping, creating air spaces (Fig. 1D). The outermost cells surrounding air spaces shows a deep coloration, related to tannins impregnation, as revealed by microchemical tests (Reeve 1951). DISCUSSION Individuals of Acentroptera pulchella attacked leaves of Aechmea blanchetiana and N. cruenta mainly through the adaxial epidermis. Anatomical analysis revealed that not only the opposite epider-

First Report on Host Plants and Feeding Habits of the Leaf Beetle ca raa f

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A
e adh m vt abh e

raa

ca

Fig. 1. Morphology and anatomy of Aechmea blanchetiana leaves attacked by Acentroptera pulchella. A. Mating pair of Acentroptera pulchella on bromeliad leaf: Note recently attacked area (raa), cicatrisated area (ca) with its typical red phenolic ring, and the feces (f) of Acentroptera pulchella. B. Anatomy of intact leaves: Note both adaxial and abaxial epidermises (e), hipodermises (Adh and Abh, respectively), enclosing the mesophyll (m) and vascular tissue (vt). C. Habitat of Aechmea blanchetiana. D. Anatomy of a recently attacked area (ra): Note the remaining mesophyll, comprising clorenchyma and abaxial hypodermis. E. Surface view of recently attacked area in detail. F. Anatomy of cicatrisated area: Note deep colored cells at right (ca) corresponding to the red phenolic ring. G. Surface view of the cicatrisated area in detail: Note red phenolic ring around the attacked area. (Figures B, D, and F at 63x).

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mis remained intact, but also some mesophyll tissue. These results indicate a possible feeding preference at the tissue level. We did not find references about specific insect preferences of adaxial or abaxial epidermal faces to begin herbivory. We can hypothesize that feeding on adaxial surface has two advantages: a higher versatility in locomotion and defense behaviour. During visits and collection, we could see isolated insects or even couples dropping quickly along bromeliad leaves and hiding inside tanks. Monocotyledons are common host plants of adult Hispinae (Macedo et al. 1994, Jolivet & Hawkeswood 1995, Jolivet 1997). There are three main kinds of feeding habits among the Hispinae: leaf miners; sheath, appress or rolled-leaf feeders; and external feeders (Jolivet 1988). Acentroptera pulchella feeds mainly on the distal part of the leaves, which according to Jolivet & Hawkeswood (1995), is the common feeding pattern of Hispinae. This classifies Acentroptera pulchella as an scraper and external feeder. Lowman et al. (1996) show wounding on leaves of the bromeliad Aechmea nallyi L. B. Smith, that are morphologically similar to the ones reported here, but the authors did not find the herbivore. DeVries (1997) and Schmidt & Zotz (2000) report similar wounding for the bromeliads Ananas comosus L. Merr. and Vriesea sanguinolenta Cogn. & Marchall, identifying the herbivore as the larval stage of the lepidopteron Napaea eucharilla Bates (Riodinidae). All bromeliad herbivores reported above, including A. pulchella, were scrapers and external feeders in larval or adult stages. That shows that not only different insect species and orders, but also distinct developmental stages, could result in the same feeding pattern in bromeliads. Insect herbivory could be so intensive that reduces plant growth, reproduction, establishment and survival (Coley 1983, Lowman et al. 1996, 1999). Several plant defense factors can limit insect herbivory such as low nutritional and water content, lignification and sclerophylly, and the presence of chemical deterrents as phenolic compounds (Coley 1983, 1986). Tannins are an important type of phenol with a recognized anti-herbivory function (Barnays 1981). Tannins were detected at the cicatrisation phase of A. pulchella attack, probably constituting a chemical response to avoid subsequent entrance of microbes or other pathogens through opened wounds (Stennis et al. 1998). Several anatomical, mechanical, physiological and chemical characteristics could change along different parts of the same leaf (Scheirs et al. 1997). The feeding preference of Acentroptera pulchella for the distal part of the bromeliad leaves probably indicates a differential distribution of factors limiting to herbivory in a leaf. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors are indebted to Dr. Ricardo Cardoso Vieira and MSc. Ana Joffily for the photomicrographs, and to Dr. Margareth Macedo for the bibliography. Voucher species of Acentroptera pulchella have been deposited in the insect collection at the Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. REFERENCES
Barnays, E. A. 1981. Plant tannins and insect herbivores: an appraisal. Ecological Entomology 6: 353-360. Chevrolat, L. A. A. 1837. in DEJEAN, P. F. M. A., Catalogue des Coloptres de la collection de M. le comte Dejean. 3rd ed., Paris. 503 pp.

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Coley, P.D. 1983. Herbivory and defensive characters of tree species in lowland tropical forest. Ecological Monographs 53(2): 209-233 Coley, P. D. 1986. Costs and benefits of defense by tannins in a neotropical tree. Oecologia 70: 238-241. DeVries, P. J. 1997. The butterflies of Costa Rica and their natural history. Princeton University Press, Princeton. 288 pp. Gerrits, P. O & Smid, L. 1983. A new, less toxic polymerization system for the embedding of soft tissues in glycol methacrylate and subsequent preparing of serial sections. Journal of Microscopy 132: 81-85. Jolivet, P. 1988. Food habits and food selection of Chrysomelidae, bionomic and evolutionary perspectives. Pp. 1-24. In: JOLIVET, P.; PETITPIERRE, E. & HSIAO, H. (eds.). Biology of Chrysomelidae. Kluwer Academic Press. Jolivet, P. 1997. Biologie des Coloptres Chrysomlides. Boube & Company. 275 pp. Jolivet, P. & Hawkeswood, T. J. 1995. Host-plants of Chrysomelidae of the world. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden. 281 pp. Lowman, M. D., Wittman, P. K. & Murray, D. 1996. Herbivory in a bromeliad of the Peruvian rain forest canopy. Journal of the Bromeliad Society 46: 52-55. Lowman, M. D., Brow, M., Desrosiers, A. & Randle, D. C. 1999. Temporal variation in herbivory of a Peruvian bromeliad. Journal of the Bromeliad Society 49: 81-83. Macedo, M. V., Monteiro, R. F. & Lewinsohn, T. M. 1994. Biology and ecology of Mecistomela marginata (THUNBERG, 1821) (Hispinae: Alurnini) in Brazil. Pp. 567-571. In: JOLIVET, P. H.; COX, M. L. and PETITPIERRE, E. (eds). Novel aspects of the biology of the Chrysomelidae. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Monrs, F. & M. J. Viana. 1947. Revisin sistemtica de los Hispidae Argentinos (Insecta, Coleop. Chrysomeloid.). Anales del Museo Argentino Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia 42: 125-324. OBrien, T. P. & Mccully, M. E. 1981. The study of plant structure: principles and selected methods. Termarcarphi Pty. Ltd. Melbourne. Reeve, R. M. 1951. Histochemical tests for polyphenols in plant tissues. Stain Technology, Geneva, New York, 26 (2): 91-96. Scheirs, J., Vandevyvere, I. & Bruyn, L. 1997 Influence of monocotyl leaf anatomy on the feeding of a grass-mining agromyzid (Diptera). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 90 (5): 646-654. Schmidt, G. and Zotz, G. 2000. Herbivory in the epiphyte, Vriesea sanguinolenta Cogn. & Marchal (Bromeliaceae). Journal of Tropical Ecology 16: 829-839. Staines, C. L. 2002a. The New World tribes and genera of hispines (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 104(3):721-784. Staines, C. L. 2002b. Nomenclatural notes and new species of Scelonoplini (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae). Zootaxa 89: 1-32. Stennis, M. J., Chandra, S., Ryan, C. A. & Low, S. P. 1998. Systemin potentiates the oxidative burst in cultured tomato cells. Plant Physiology 117: 1031-1036. Thomson, J. 1856. Description de dix-sept Coloptres. Revue et Magasin de zoologie (2) 8: 472-483. Uhmann, E. 1957. Coleopterorum Catalogus Supplementa. Chrysomelidae: Hispinae, Hispinae Americanae. W. Junk. sGravenhage. Pars 35(1):1-153.

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PENSOFT Publishers The Electrophoretic Sofia Moscow

Konstantinov, Tishechkin, Penev (eds.) 2005 Pattern of Esterases in Western Contributions Mediterranean Timarcha 159 to Systematics and Biology of Beetles Papers Celebrating the 80th Birthday of Igor Konstantinovich Lopatin, pp. 159-166

The Electrophoretic Pattern of Esterases in Western Mediterranean Timarcha (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae)


Eduard Petitpierre
Lab. Gentica, Dept. Biologia, UIB, 07122 Palma de Mallorca (Spain) and IMEDEA, Dept. Recursos Naturals, Miquel Marqus 21, 07190 Esporles (Spain).

ABSTRACT
An electrophoretic analysis of alpha-esterases from haemolymph has been undertaken in sixteen taxa of Timarcha from different Mediterranean populations, most of them from the Iberian Peninsula. The obtained patterns are species-specific for some taxa showing low or moderate levels of polymorphisms, whereas most of those taxa belonging to the T. goettingensis complex are characterized by a high polymorphism and these patterns can not be used as diagnostic. These results are discussed in the light of the previous cytogenetic, genetic, morphological and ecological data. Gene flow between geographically neighbour taxa is suggested to explain the high polymorphism found in most taxa of the T. goettingensis complex although other explanations could not be also excluded.

KEY WORDS
Esterase electrophoretic patterns, Timarcha

INTRODUCTION The genus Timarcha is a true paradigm of a taxonomic nightmare among the whole Mediterranean leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae). The apterism of all Timarcha joined with their low capacity for dispersal, have favoured the frequent origin of confined and often small populations with slight and subtle morphological differences, which have been used to describe a great number of the so-called species (Rosenhauer 1856, Fairmaire and Allard 1873, Kraatz 1879, Fairmaire 1884, Marseul 1883, Bechyn 1948a, 1948b, 1953b, 1953b, 1962, Kocher 1951, 1956, Jeanne 1965, Daccordi and Ruffo 1990). Although there are generally accepted and very well-defined species, many others remain in an ambiguous and doubtful state. Therefore, it is not surprising that Warchalowski (2003), in his taxonomic keys for identification of the European and Mediterranean Chrysomelidae, reported in relation to the Timarcha that the enormous local and individual variability of these insects resulted in description of about 240 species and subspecies at least 80% of which should, in my opinion, be reduced to infrasubspecific level. The cytogenetic analyses of some 40 taxa of Timarcha have been performed by Dutrillaux and Chevin (1969), Petitpierre (1968, 1970, 1976, 1982), Petitpierre and Jolivet (1976), Chevin

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(1985, 1986, 1991, 1992) and Gmez-Zurita et al. (2004), which showed a wide range of diploid numbers from 2n = 18 to 2n = 44 chromosomes and a modal diploid number of 2n = 20. Among the species with 20 chromosomes were the taxa included within the T. goettingensis complex, whose external characters resemble to this common European species, and mostly sharing very similar or even identical karyotypes (Petitpierre 1970, 1976, Gmez-Zurita et al. 2000a, 2004). Recent molecular phylogenetic studies on these taxa of the T. goettingensis complex, by using both mitochondrial (Gmez-Zurita et al. 2000a, 2000b) and nuclear gene markers (Gmez-Zurita et al. 2000c), have proved that they are closely related and indeed monophyletic. In the cladograms obtained from both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences, the individuals of some taxa included in the T. goettingensis complex, such as T. interstitialis, T. sinuatocollis and T. perezi, appeared not clustered but intermixed with those of other taxa (GmezZurita et al. 2000a, 2000b, 2000c). A much more enlarged and accurate study on the previous and additional taxa of this complex, based on the COII and ITS2 genealogies, gave a very strong support to the hypothesis of hybridization between some of them in Aragn and Catalonia, Northeastern Spain, but also in Southwestern France for T. maritima (Gmez-Zurita and Vogler 2003). Taking into account these findings, we shall report and discuss the electrophoretic patterns of haemolymph esterases from several populations of taxa in the T. goettingensis complex and compared with those of other Western Mediterranean species, which are well-characterized, contrary to the former, by their morphological, cytogenetic and DNA sequence characters. MATERIAL AND METHODS The taxa analyzed, number of individuals and their geographic sources are given in Table 1. All these taxa were examined long time ago, in the years 1967-70, as part of the experimental work for my Ph.D., but they had only been published as a very short chapter in the thesis summary (Petitpierre 1973). The haemolymph of each adult individual of Timarcha was collected by suction with a Pasteur micropipette either from the oral defensive secretion, very often expelled by reflex-bleeding when these beetles are disturbed, or through punction in the prosternummesosternum junction. The haemolymph droplets were diluted from three to six times in a 0.18M boric tris-Na2 EDTA buffer with 5% sacarose and pH 8.9. The samples were loaded on each slot of a polyacrylamide gel to be electrophoresed in a vertical apparatus, with an electric flow of 350-400 v. during 90 minutes. Finally, the gels were incubated with the esterase specific substratum alpha-naphtyl acetate and subsequently stained with Fast Red TRN, according to the procedures reported by Hubby (1963) and Hubby and Lewontin (1966). The electrophoretic mobilities of esterase bands were measured with a ruler and referred to that of the main band of human serum esterase used as a marker (Table 2). RESULTS The taxa belonging to the T. goettingensis complex showed a high polymorphism as found in T. monserratensis (Fig. 1), T. fallax (Fig. 2), T. sinuatocollis (Fig. 3), T. catalaunensis, T. cyanescens, T. perezi and T. geniculata (not shown), whereas the polymorphism was moderate in T. recticollis (Fig. 4). The level of this intra-taxon polymorphism was similar to that observed among taxa (Fig. 5). The only clear exception to the high or moderate polymorphism in the taxa of this complex occurred in T.

The Electrophoretic Pattern of Esterases in Western Mediterranean Timarcha


Table 1. Electrophoretically analyzed Timarcha for haemolymph alpha-esterases. Taxa T. monserratensis Bech. T. catalaunensis Fairm. T. sinuatocollis Fairm. T. fallax Prez T. recticollis Fairm. T. cyanescens Fairm. T. maritima Perris T. perezi Fairm. T. geniculata Germar T. strangulata Fairm. T. tenebricosa F. T. intermedia Herr.-Schff. T. espanoli Bech. T. balearica Gory T. ventricosa Weise T. tangeriana Bech. SP = Spain, FR = France Geographical source Collformic (Barcelona, SP.) La Garriga (Barcelona, SP) Campelles (Pyrenees, Girona, SP) Planoles (Pyrenees, Girona, SP) Ali (Tarragona, SP.) Aldea (Tarragona, SP) Alcoi (Alicante, SP) Port de la Bonaigua (Pyrenees, Lleida, SP) Cap Saint Martin (Pyrenes Atl., FR) Ondres-Plage (Landes, FR) Villanubla (Valladolid, SP) Puertos de Aliva (Cantabria, SP) Port de la Bonaigua (Pyrenees, Lleida, SP) Port de la Bonaigua (Pyrenees, Lleida, SP) Planoles (Pyrenees, Girona, SP) Vall de Llauset (Pyrenees, Huesca, SP) Island of Tabarca (Alicante, SP) Cape Santa Pola (Alicante, SP Island of Tabarca (Alicante, SP) Mahn (Menorca, Balearic Is., SP) El-Jadida (Western Atlantic Morocco) Essaouira (Western Atlantic Morocco) Tanger (Northern Morocco)

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Nr. Indiv. 22 28 17 14 4 16 4 53 11 22 6 11 44 7 7 24 56 16 56 15 30 19 11

Table 2. Mean relative mobilities of esterase bands respect to the main human esterase band in taxa of Timarcha with a low degree of polymorphism. The underlined bands appear in at least 95% of analyzed individuals. T. recticollis T. maritima T. strangulata T. tenebricosa T. intermedia T. espanoli 1.76 1.22 1.79 2.15 2.20 1.06 2.20 1.77 2.10 2.33 2.40 1.29 2.65 2.22 2.30 2.48 1.47 2.90

1.76

1.92

2.07

2.31

maritima from Ondres-Plage, where almost all examined individuals displayed the same electrophoretic pattern for esterases (Fig. 6). Further species not included within this complex, such as T. intermedia (Fig. 7), T. espanoli (Fig. 8), T. tenebricosa, T. balearica, T. ventricosa, T. tangeriana and T. strangulata (not shown) yielded a

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Fig. 1. Esterase electrophoretic pattern of T. monser- Fig. 2. Esterase electrophoretic pattern of T. fallax ratensis from Collformic (lanes 1-11).Lane h = hu- from Aldea (lanes 1-12) and Alcoi (lanes 13-15). Lane man serum esterases. h = human serum esterases.

Fig. 3. Esterase electrophoretic pattern of T. sinua- Fig. 4. Esterase electrophoretic pattern of T. rectitocollis from Planoles (lanes 1-3) and Campelles (lanes collis from Port de la Bonaigua (lanes 1-15). Lane h = 4-12 males and 13-15 females). Lane h = human se- human serum esterases. rum esterases.

Fig. 5. Esterase electrophoretic patterns of T. cata- Fig. 6. Esterase electrophoretic pattern of T. maritlaunensis from La Garriga (lanes 2-7), T. fallax from ima from Ondres-Plage (lanes 1-10). Lane h = huAldea (lanes 8-11) and T. fallax from Alcoi (lanes 12- man serum esterases. 16). Lane h = human serum esterases.

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Fig. 7. Esterase electrophoretic pattern of T. inter- Fig. 8. Esterase electrophoretic pattern of T. espanmedia from the island of Tabarca (lanes 1-15). Lane oli from the island of Tabarca (lanes 1-15). Lane h=human serum esterases. h = human serum esterases.

Fig. 9. Esterase electrophoretic patterns of the two sympatric species at the island of Tabarca, T. espanoli (lanes 1-3) and T. intermedia (lanes 4-15). Lane h = human serum esterases.

Fig. 10. Esterase electrophoretic patterns of the three sympatric species at Port de la Bonaigua, T. tenebricosa (lanes 1-5), T. strangulata (lanes 6-10) and T. recticollis (lanes 11-15). Lane h = human serum esterases.

moderate or even a very low esterase polymorphism. Interestingly, the sympatric species T. intermedia and T. espanoli from Tabarca (Alicante), and T. tenebricosa, T. strangulata and T. recticollis from Port de la Bonaigua, in central Pyrenees, were strikingly distinguished by their esterase patterns (Figs. 9 and 10). The esterase patterns of this group of taxa were species-specific, although some of the bands were shared among certain allopatric species, according to their very similar electrophoretic mobilities (see Table 2). Unfortunately, we could not obtain the necessary virgin females to perform parental crosses and check the genetic results in offspring, due to the high mortality occurred in our laboratory cultures of larvae during nymphoses. Therefore, we were not able to ascertain the number of esterase gene loci, but in most taxa there would be two at least. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The electrophoretic pattern of esterases in Timarcha can be taken as a diagnostic speciesspecific character in some taxa but not in those with a high degree of polymorphism. The species having clearly defined morphological features namely T. tenebricosa, T. intermedia, T. balearica, T. strangulata, T. ventricosa and T. espanoli display also diagnostic patterns of esterase bands and low or

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moderate levels of polymorphism. Furthermore, their distinctive esterase patterns are in agreement with particular karyotypes (Petitpierre 1970, 1976) and precise positions in the molecular phylogenetic trees (Gmez-Zurita et al. 2000a, 2000b). And as expected, when some of these species are found in sympatry as happens with T. intermedia and T. espanoli in the island of Tabarca (Alicante), and with T. tenebricosa, T. strangulata and T. recticollis at Port de la Bonaigua (Central Pyrenees, Lrida), their esterase patterns are strikingly different. Thus, the genetic and cytogenetic uniqueness of these sympatric species are correlated and may account for their strong sexual isolation in sympatry (Petitpierre 2004). Conversely to the previous species, the esterase patterns of the taxa belonging to the T. goettingensis complex show, with a few exceptions, a noteworthy polymorphism. It happens in T. monserratensis, T. catalaunensis, T. sinuatocollis and T. fallax from Catalonia, but also in T. cyanescens from Pyrenes Atlantiques in SW France, T. perezi from Central Spain and in T. geniculata from Picos de Europa in N Spain. The DNA analyses in the T. goettingensis complex have demonstrated that their taxa are monophyletic, but even more enlightening, they have evidenced genetic interchanges among some of them (Gmez-Zurita et al. 2000c, Gmez-Zurita and Vogler 2003). Since the taxa of this complex are always allopatric or parapatric, the great polymorphism of their esterase patterns could be reasonably interpreted as due to present or past gene flow between geographically neighbour taxa. Nevertheless, some taxa of the T. goettingensis complex do not show this high polymorphism. For instance, T. maritima from Ondres-Plage (Landes, SW France) is almost monomorphic, and T. recticollis from Port de la Bonaigua, in Central Pyrenees, possesses a moderate polymorphism. These two cases are probably accounted for because of the geographic or ecologic isolation inherent to these populations, although time since isolation and/or demographic events may be also implied. Thus the Ondres-Plage population of T. maritima is only found at the coastal dunes and feeding on Galium arenarium or on Plantago lanceolata, depending on their availability (Chevin and Tiberghien 1968, Jolivet and Petitpierre 1973). Since no other taxon of the T. goettingensis complex is present at this site or in the neighborhood, the foreign genetic exchanges are nowadays precluded. Moreover, the case of T. recticollis from Port de la Bonaigua at 2072 m altitude, is that of an isolated alpine population which coexists with T. tenebricosa and T. strangulata, species well-separated both morphologically and genetically from the former and from each other, thereby ensuring strong reproductive barriers. As in the previous example, out of T. recticollis no other taxon of the T. goettingensis complex is in the close geographic areas, which excludes any ongoing foreign gene flow towards T. recticollis, and this could possibly be the reason of the moderate amount of polymorphism observed in this population. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am greatly indebted to J. Gmez-Zurita for his critical reading of a first draft of this MS. This paper should be considered as a research under the frame of the project REN2003-03667, Ministry of Science and Technology of Spain. REFERENCES
Bechyn, J. 1948a. Contribution la connaissance du genre Timarcha Latr. 12: tudes phylogntiques et zoogographiques. (Col. Phytophaga, Chrysomelidae). Sbornk Nrodniho Musea v Praze 4B: 1-62.

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Bechyn, J. 1948b. Les Timarcha des Pyrenes franaises (coloptres Chrysomelidae). Revue Franaise dEntomologie 15: 197-208. Bechyn, J. 1953a. Notes sur les Timarcha (Col. Phytoph. Chrysomelidae). Eos, Madrid 29: 85-99. Bechyn, J. 1953b. Notes sur les Timarcha de la collection de Mr. S. Thodorids (Col. Chrysomelidae). Vie et Milieu 5: 563-564. Bechyn, J. 1962. Notes sur quelques chrysomlides vrais. Bulletin Mensuel de la Socit Linnenne de Lyon 31: 182-185. Chevin, H. 1985. Contribution la biologie des Timarcha (Col. Chrysomelidae).II. Timarcha tenebricosa F. Cahiers Liaison OPIE 19: 7-14. Chevin, H. 1986. Contribution la biologie des Timarcha (Col. Chrysomelidae). III. Timarcha nicaeensis Villa. Cahiers Liaison OPIE 20: 17-21. Chevin, H. 1991. Contribution la biologie des Timarcha (Col. Chrysomelidae). VI. Timarcha maritima Perris. LEntomologiste 48: 133-140. Chevin, H. 1992. Contribution la biologie des Timarcha (Col. Chrysomelidae). VII. Timarcha cyanescens Fairm. et All. LEntomologiste 48: 133-140. Chevin, H. and Tiberghien, G. 1968. Existance dun regimen alimentaire mixte chez Timarcha maritima Perris. Bulletin de la Socit entomologique de France 73: 203-206. Daccordi, M. and Ruffo, S. 1990. Una nuova specie di Timarcha delle Alpi Apuane (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Chrysomelinae). Fragmenta Entomologica, Roma 22: 103-107. Dutrillaux, B. and Chevin, H. 1969. Etude cytogntique de T. goettingensis L. et de T. normanna Reiche (Col. Chrysomelidae). Bulletin de la Socit entomologique de France 74: 219-224. Fairmaire, L. 1884. Liste complemntaire des espces du genre Timarcha. Anales de Historia Natural, Madrid 13: 75-112. Fairmaire, L. and Allard, E. 1873. Rvision du genre Timarcha. Annales de la Socit entomologique de France 5: 143-202. Gmez-Zurita, J. and Vogler, A. 2003. Incongruent nuclear and mitochondrial phylogeographic patterns in the T. goettingensis species complex (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Journal of Evolutionary Biology 16: 833-843. Gmez-Zurita, J., Juan, C. and Petitpierre, E. 2000a. The evolutionary history of the genus Timarcha (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) inferred from mitochondrial COII gene and partial 16S rDNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 14: 304-317. Gmez-Zurita, J., Petitpierre, E. and Juan, C. 2000b. Nested cladistic analysis, phylogeography and speciation in the Timarcha goettingensis complex (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Molecular Ecology 9: 557-570. Gmez-Zurita, J., Juan, C. and Petitpierre, E. 2000c. Sequence, secondary structure and phylogenetic analyses of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) in the Timarcha leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Insect Molecular Biology 9: 591-604. Gmez-Zurita, J.,Pons, J. and Petitpierre, E. 2004. The evolutionary origin of a novel karyotype in Timarcha (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) and general patterns of chromosome evolution in the genus. Journal of Systematic Zoology and Evolutionary Research 42: 332-341. Hubby, J.L. 1963. Protein differences in Drosophila I. Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 48: 871-879. Hubby, J.L. and Lewontin, R.C. 1966. A molecular approach to the study of genic heterozigosity in natural populations I. The number of alleles at different loci in Drosophila pseudoobscura. Genetics 54: 577-594. Jeanne, C. 1965. Rvision des espces franaises du genre Timarcha Latr. (Colopt. Chrysomelidae). Actes de la Socit Linenne de Bordeaux 102 sr. 1(7): 3-25 (1967).

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Jolivet, P. and Petitpierre, E. 1973. Plantes-htes connues des Timarcha Latreille. Quelques considrations sur les raisons possibles du trophisme slectif. Bulletin de la Socit entomologique de France 78: 9-25. Kocher, L. 1951. Notes sur les Timarcha marocaines (Colpt. Chrysomlides). Contribution ltude systmatique du genre. Bulletin de la Socit des Sciences Naturelles du Maroc 31: 313-332. Kocher, L. 1956. Observations complmentaires sur les Timarcha marocaines (Col. Chrysom.). Bulletin de la Socit des Sciences Naturelles et Physiques du Maroc 36: 126-137. Kraatz, G. 1879. Vier neue Timarcha-Arten. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 23: 380-384. Marseul, S.A. 1883. Monographie des Chrysomlides de lAncien-Monde. LAbeille 21: 1-108. Petitpierre, E. 1968. Sistemtica, citologa y gentica del gnero Timarcha (Col. Cris.) I. Cariotipo de T. goettingensis L. ssp. catalaunensis Fairm. Gentica Ibrica 20: 13-21. Petitpierre, E. 1970. Cytotaxonomy and evolution of Timarcha Latr. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Gentica Ibrica 22: 67-120. Petitpierre, E. 1973. Estudios sistemticos, citogenticos y evolutivos sobre el gnero Timarcha (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Resumen Tesis Doctoral, Universidad de Barcelona, 23 pp. Petitpierre, E. 1976. Further cytotaxonomical and evolutionary studies on the genus Timarcha Latr. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Gentica Ibrica 28: 57-81. Petitpierre, E. 1982. Chromosomal findings on 22 species of Chrysomelinae (Chrysomelidae: Coleoptera). Chromosome Information Service 32: 22-23. Petitpierre, E. 2004. Competitive exclusion and sexual isolation between sympatric congeneric species of Timarcha and Cyrtonus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). In: New Developments on the Biology of Chrysomelidae (eds. P. Jolivet, J. Santiago-Blay and M. Schmitt), pp. 85-96. SPB Academic Publishing bv, The Hague, The Netherlands. Petitpierre, E. and Jolivet, E. 1976. Phylogenetic position of the American Timarcha Latr. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) based on chromosomal data. Experientia 32: 157-158. Rosenhauer, W.R. 1856. Die Thiere Andalusiens nach dem Resultaten einer Reise zusammengestellt, nebst den Beschreibungen von 249 neuen oder bis jetzt noch unbeschriebenen Gattungen und Arten. Erlangen. 429 pp. Warchalowski, A. 2003. Chrysomelidae. The leaf-beetles of Europe and the Mediterranean area. Natura optima dux Foundation, Warszawa, 600 pp., 56 plates.

PENSOFT Publishers Sofia Moscow

Konstantinov, Tishechkin, Penev (eds.) 2005 Revision of Panilurus Jacoby (Coleoptera: 167 ContributionsChrysomelidae) to Systematics and Biology of Beetles Papers Celebrating the 80th Birthday of Igor Konstantinovich Lopatin, pp. 167-178

Revision of Panilurus Jacoby (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)


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Prathapan K.D. and 2 C. A. Viraktamath

Department of Entomology, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellayani P. O., Trivandrum-695 522, Kerala, INDIA 2 Department of Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore 560 065, INDIA

ABSTRACT
The flea beetle genus Panilurus Jacoby (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is redescribed and differentiated from Elytropachys Motschulsky and Glaucosphaera Maulik. Two new species of Panilurus namely P. agasthyamalaiensis and P. ponmudiensis are described and illustrated. Glaucosphaera indica Medvedev is synonymised with Panilurus nilgiriensis Jacoby.

KEY WORDS
Chrysomelidae, Panilurus, south India, new species, synonymy.

Flea beetle fauna of south India is endowed with relatively high degree of endemism. Five genera viz. Panilurus Jacoby, Chalaenosoma Jacoby, Garuda Scherer, Mesopa Jacoby and Pseudaphthona Jacoby are endemic to Western Ghats and adjoining areas in south India (Scherer, 1969). All of them, except Pseudaphthona, are closely related and lack metatibial spine. These are medium sized flea beetles with closed forecoxal cavities and usually metallic in colour. Among the endemic south Indian Alticine genera, Chalaenosoma and Garuda are polytypic. Panilurus, hitherto considered monotypic, is poorly known morphologically with little information on its host plants and ecology. Two new species of the genus collected from Agasthyamalai range of hills at the southern end of Western Ghats are described and illustrated in this paper and the limits of the genus are redefined in the light of the new discovery. Descriptive terminology follows Konstantinov (1998). The holotypes of the new species are deposited in the Natural History Museum, London (BMNH). Paratypes will be deposited in the Pusa National Collection, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi (PNC), University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore (UASB), National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC (USNM), Natural History Museum, Basel, Switzerland (NHMB) and the personal collection of the first author (PKDC). All the measurements are in millimeters and the averages are given in parenthesis. In the case of genitalia, only one specimen was measured.

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GENUS PANILURUS JACOBY


Panilurus Jacoby, 1904: 392, 393 (Type species: P. nilgiriensis Jacoby, 1904, Nilgiri Hills, India, by monotypy). Maulik, 1926: 176, 269, 270. Chen, 1936: 665. Heikertinger & Csiki in Junk, 1940: 274. Scherer, 1969: 19, 108. Seeno & Wilcox, 1982: 135.

Description. Body medium sized (2.4-3.6mm long, 1.5-2.3mm wide), oblong-ovate, moderately flat in lateral view. Colour black, metallic blue or green. Appendages and sometimes prothorax lighter in colour. Head hypognathous, flat in lateral view. Frons and vertex form convex line in lateral view. Vertex flat to moderately convex. Supraorbital pore oval, moderately developed, not surrounded by shallow groove, slightly protruding dorsolaterally. Antennal calli obsolete, triangular, posteriorly merge with vertex; suprafrontal sulcus vary (shallow but distinct in P. agasthyamalaiensis and P. nilgiriensis, indistinct in P. ponmudiensis); midfrontal sulcus vary (distinct in P. nilgiriensis, absent in P. agasthyamalaiensis and P. ponmudiensis). Other sulci delimiting antennal calli absent. Subgenal suture well developed along base of mandible. Width of orbit variable (orbit about as narrow as 1/3rd of interantennal space in P. nilgiriensis, slightly wider than interantennal space in P. agasthyamalaiensis and P. ponmudiensis). Width of interantennal space more than diameter of a socket, sockets placed well away from inner margin of eye. Eyes moderately large, laterally bulging, inner margins subparallel, separated by a distance not less than transverse diameter of one eye. Frontal ridge moderately wide, moderately flat to thick, form flat or thick ridge with anterior margin of head capsule. Antenna 11segmented, filiform. Second antennomere small, thick, globose or longer than wide. Frontoclypeal suture with a row of widely placed long setae. Labrum about two times broader than long, with a transverse row of six setiferous punctures. Mandible with four denticles. Maxillary palp with penultimate palpomere longest, club shaped; apical palpomere pointed, longer than half of penultimate; antepreapical palpomere slightly longer than apical in P. ponmudiensis and P. agasthyamalaiensis, subequal to apical in P. nilgiriensis. Pronotum glabrous, 1.8 to 2.0 times wider than long (1.8 in P. agasthyamalaiensis and P. ponmudiensis, 2.0 in P. nilgiriensis), moderately flat, without depressions or furrows. Lateral margin explanate, evenly curved, explanation as wide basally as apically. Anterolateral callosity moderately low, reaching middle level of eye, apically lower than basally, two times wider than long. Setabearing pore situated towards anterolateral face. Posterolateral callosity well developed, forms obtuse denticle at setiferous pore, longer than width of lateral margin of prothorax. Seta on anterolateral and posterolateral callosity long. Lateral margin with a few minute setae. Anterior coxal cavity closed behind. Intercoxal prosternal process very narrow, its apex truncate. Distance between proximal part of prosternum to coxal cavity 3.0-5.6 times shorter than to end of intercoxal prosternal process (3.0 in P. nilgiriensis; 5.4-5.6 in P. agasthyamalaiensis and P. ponmudiensis) Scutellum moderately large, triangular, extremely minutely punctate. Elytron glabrous with well developed humeral callus with shallow transverse depression posteriorly; punctures deep, bold, striae semiregular with confused rows; sides convex; lateral margin completely visible from above, with a row of regularly spaced setae along margin; apical margin convex, apex obtusely angulate; epipleuron horizontal to oblique, moderately wide, its maximum width being slightly less than that of mesofemur, extending well beyond 3/4th of elytron. Hind wings well developed. Mesosternum including mesosternal intercoxal process longer than longitudinal diameter of

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mesocoxal cavity. Mesosternal intercoxal process with emarginate apex, its width being less than half of transverse diameter of mesocoxa. Metasternum much longer than mesosternum. All tibiae without apical spine. Dorsal side of pro- and mesotibia convex forming a longitudinal ridge; their width at apex being slightly more than that at middle. First protarsomere longer and wider than second protarsomere, ventrally flat. Third protarsomere shorter and wider than first, longer than second, ventrally flat, moderately bilobed. Setae on ventral side of first and second tarsomeres not capitate, hair like, different from those on dorsal side. Metafemur incrassate. Metatibia convex dorsally with somewhat flat distal end; viewed from below, apex of metatibia deeply cleft forming lobes at apex, strong bristles present along outer margin of both lobes; point of articulation of basitarsus on apex of metatibia visible through cleft when viewed from below, without callosity; first metatarsomere longer than next two combined, basally narrower than apically, apically not wider than third metatarsomere. Claw appendiculate with incision between claw and appendix. Abdomen with five distinct sternites. First sternite longest, without paired subparallel ridges between metacoxae. Last sternite shorter than first, longer than 2-4 separately. Last abdominal tergite of female with long setae, without longitudinal groove in middle, 1.3 -2.2 times wider than long (1.3 in P. nilgiriensis; 2.1-2.2 in P. ponmudiensis and P. agasthyamalaiensis). Vaginal palpi fused near middle, with anteriorly directed, flat process on dorsal side distinctly visible in lateral view; spermathecal receptacle and pump well demarcated; duct extremely short, wider than long. Aedeagus long, simple tube without transparent windows, ventral side highly convex; tegmen Y-shaped. Sexual dimorphism. In male, posterior margin of last abdominal sternite bisinuate with depression in middle. Posterior margin of last abdominal sternite in female entire, without depression in middle. Antenna and first pro- and mesotarsomeres modified in male in P. ponmudiensis. Remarks. Panilurus Jacoby is very similar to Elytropachys Motschulsky. In both the genera, elytral punctation is somewhat semiregular and the structure of head and metatibia are similar. However, the anterolateral corners of the pronotum are distinctly produced forward in Elytropachys (Fig. 4) (not distinctly produced forward in Panilurus [Fig. 5]), intercoxal prosternal process is about as wide as half of mesosternal intercoxal process in Elytropachys (intercoxal prosternal process is extremely narrow and hardly visible in Panilurus) and the epipleuron extends only slightly beyond middle of elytron in Elytropachys (epipleuron extends nearly up to apex in Panilurus). Glaucosphaera Maulik, another related genus, can be separated based on the structure of metafemur and mesotibia. Apex of metafemur is deeply cleft in ventral view in Panilurus. In Glaucosphaera, ventral side of the metafemoral apex is not cleft and the entire apical margin bear a row of spines. Mesotibia of Panilurus lacks sharply raised edges along both margins of dorsal surface, but has longitudinal ridge along middle. Mesotibia of Glaucosphaera has sharply raised edge along both margins of dorsal surface and lacks a longitudinal ridge along middle. Glaucosphaera is convex in lateral view where as Panilurus is moderately flat. Antenna do not reach middle of elytron in Glaucosphaera and the distal antennomeres are widened. In Panilurus antenna extends up to or beyond half of elytron and the distal antennomeres are not distinctly widened. Elytral punctures are deep and bold and semiregular in Panilurus. Elytral punctures in Glaucosphaera are fine and completely confused. Mesopa Jacoby resembles Panilurus but for deep midfrontal sulcus (shallow or absent in Panilurus) and deep midcranial suture (absent in Panilurus). More studies may prove Panilurus and Mesopa to be congeneric. Jacoby (1904) under Panilurus and Maulik (1926) under both Elytropachys and Panilurus state that a metatibial spine is present. But no tibial spine is present in either of the genus. Antennae, second antennomere and metabasitarsus

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are longer in the new species described here than in the type of the genus. Elytral epipleuron is rather oblique in both of them while it is horizontal in P. nilgiriensis. However, they agree very well with the type species in all other salient features of the genus. Adults were active during day. PANILURUS AGASTHYAMALAIENSIS NEW SPECIES (FIGS. 1-3 ) Distribution. India (Kerala) Host plants. Unknown Description. Dorsal side metallic green with bronzy tinge. Metallic green when live. Vertex metallic greenish aeneous, rest of head yellowish brown. Antennae yellowish brown, distal segments slightly darker; all legs yellowish, all sterna blackish. Vertex flat, minutely granulose, moderately punctate with a few bold punctures. Though indistinct, anterior ends of antennal calli acutely pointed and entering interantennal space. Frontal ridge short, swollen, slightly narrowed between antennal sockets, widest towards anterofrontal ridge. Anterofrontal ridge moderately thick, strongly arched, medially emarginate and lower than frontal ridge, narrowly raised laterally. Antenna reaching middle of elytron. First antennomere longest; second oval, 1.5 times longer than wide, slightly longer than half of third; 3-6 slender, subequal in length, each slightly shorter than first; 7-11 thicker; 7th slightly smaller than 6th , 7-10 progressively decrease in length, but increase in thickness; 11th thick, shorter than first, subequal to 3rd in length.

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Figs. 1-3. Female genitalia of Panilurus agasthyamalaiensis. 1. spermatheca, 2. vaginal palpi, 3. tignum.

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Pronotum almost as wide proximally as distally. Anterolateral callosity almost straight, forming blunt, obtuse denticle at pore. Posterolateral callosity with denticle terminating in sharp, minute, upcurved spiny process posterior to seta bearing pore. Punctures on disc slightly weaker than those on vertex. Scutellum as wide as long, apex narrowly rounded. Elytron with transverse depression posterior to humeral callus shallow, distinct. A longitudinal depression present on mesal side of humeral callus. Area between humerus and suture noticeably convex; maximum width at apical 1/ 3rd. Two outer prominent ridges and two inner indistinct ridges present on elytron. Ridges prominent beyond basal 1/3rd of elytron. Punctures bold, deep, larger along sides; distance between adjacent punctures less than diameter of a puncture on middle, punctures on sides widely placed. Interstices slightly convex, granulate. Epipleuron subvertical. Metatibia straight in dorsal and lateral view; dorsal surface convex forming ridge along proximal 4/5th. Width at apex about 1.5 times at base. Lobes at apex not prominent, inner lobe apparently longer than outer lobe. First metatarsomere as long as next three combined. Fourth metatarsomere slightly shorter than two times length of third. Seta on ventral side of third tarsomere feather like. Posterior margin of last abdominal sternite of female not crenulate. Spermatheca(Fig.1) with receptacle as long as wide; pump three times longer than receptacle. Tignum (Fig. 3) slightly curved, widened posteriorly. Vaginal palpi (Fig. 2) with fused portion in middle slightly shorter than diverging anterior portion. Male unknown. Measurements (n=1). Length: 3.44, width: 1.68, length of pronotum: 0.54, width of pronotum: 0.97, width across eyes: 0.82, distance between eyes: 0.42, length of receptacle: 0.06, length of vaginal palpi: 0.57. Types. Holotype . Labels: 1) India, Kerala, Agasthyamalai, 9.ii.2002, Prathapan Coll. 2) Panilurus agasthyamalaiensis sp. nov. Prathapan & Viraktamath 2003 3) Holotype (BMNH). Etymology. This species is named after the type locality. Remarks. Lateral ridges on elytron and convex interstices between elytral punctures make P. agasthyamalaiensis distinct from P. nilgiriensis and P. ponmudiensis. Elytral ridges are absent and interstices between elytral punctures are flat in both P. nilgiriensis and P. ponmudiensis. The new species can be separated from P. ponmudiensis based on the colour and punctate vertex (impunctate in P. ponmudiensis). Elytra and prothorax are distinctly granulate in P. agasthyamalaiensis, but it is not granulate in P. nilgiriensis. Elytral punctation is stronger in P. agasthyamalaiensis compared to that of P. ponmudiensis. PANILURUS NILGIRIENSIS JACOBY (FIGS. 5-13)
Panilurus nilgiriensis Jacoby, 1904: 393 (syntype [BMNH], examined). Maulik, 1926: 270. Heikertinger & Csiki in Junk, 1940: 275. Scherer, 1969: 108. Glaucosphaera indica Medvedev, 2001: 172 (Paratypes [NHMB], examined). New synonym

Distribution. India (Kerala, Tamil Nadu). Host plants. Unknown. Adults feed on anthers of Polygonum chinense Linn. (Polygonaceae) Description. Dorsal side shining metallic green to dark blue, violet patches present in some specimens, labrum brownish, maxillary palpi brownish to blackish, thoracic and abdominal sterna black with a bluish tinge. Colour of legs vary from completely flavous to piceous. In general,

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Figs. 4-5. Lateral margins of pronotum. 4. Elytropachys latissima (Motschulsky), 5. Panilurus nilgiriensis.

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12 Figs. 6-13. Male and female genitalia of Panilurus nilgiriensis. 6. ventral view of aedeagus, 7. lateral view of aedeagus, 8. distal opening, 9. tegmen, 10. spicule, 11. spermatheca, 12. vaginal palpi, 13. tignum.

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fore and mid femora brownish to blackish brown; all tibiae, tarsi light brown to dark brown, rarely piceous; all trochanters lighter than respective femur. Hind coxa completely flavus to metallic black to bluish green ventrally, piceous dorsally. Basal four to five antennal segments light brown, rest slightly dark to piceous. Vertex flat, shining with small to minute punctures, not distinctly granulose. Supraorbital puncture not prominent in most specimens, but evident with upwardly curved seta; two bold characteristic punctures present in middle of upper side of vertex but indistinct in some specimens, distance between these punctures slightly less than width of interantennal space. Anterior ends of antennal calli triangular, narrowly rounded, slightly swollen, not entering interantennal space. Frontal ridge moderately long, moderately flat, broadest towards anterofrontal ridge. Anterofrontal ridge apparently straight, laterally not sharply raised, medially flat and lower than frontal ridge, without distinct emargination in middle. Antenna almost reaching middle of elytron; second antennomere oval, a little more than half of first, third longer than second, narrow at base, widened to apex; fourth and fifth subequal to third in length but thicker than latter; rest slightly but uniformly thickened; sixth apparently longer than fifth; seventh, eighth subequal to fifth separately; ninth apparently smaller than eighth; tenth apparently smaller than ninth; eleventh slightly longer than first. Pronotum narrower proximally than distally. Anterolateral callosity convex, not forming distinct denticle at setiferous pore. Posterolateral callosity without minute sharp denticle behind pore. Disc shiny, not granulose, punctures as strong as those on vertex. Scutellum slightly wider than long, apex narrowly rounded. Elytron with distinct depression posterior to humeral callus; longitudinal depression near mesal side of humeral callus not prominent, maximum width at distal 1/3rd, surface shiny, longitudinal ridges absent; distance between adjacent punctures vary from 0.5 to 3 times diameter of puncture in anterior portion of elytron; interstices flat, extremely minutely punctate. Epipleuron horizontal. Metatibia markedly curved in lateral view, slightly curved in dorsal view. Apex two times as wide as base. Dorsal surface convex, with ridge of varying prominence along middle, distal 1/4th with few bristles near lateral margin, nearly flat. Lobes at apex quite distinct, inner lobe being longer. First metatarsomere longer than next two tarsomeres combined, shorter than next three combined. Fourth metatarsomere two times as long as third. Seta on ventral side of third tarsomere unbranched, ribbon like. Posterior margin of last abdominal sternite of female crenulate. Spermatheca (Fig. 11) with receptacle nearly as wide as long; pump as long as two times length of receptacle. Tignum (Fig. 13) slightly curved, narrowed anteriorly, widened posteriorly. Vaginal palpi (Fig. 12) with fused portion in middle slightly longer than diverging anterior portion. Median lobe of aedeagus slightly asymmetrical; in lateral view (Fig. 7) distal and proximal ends slightly curved, apex bent, narrowed; in ventral view (Fig. 6), gently widened between basal piece and middle, apex obtuse, curved ventrally. Dorsal opening (Fig. 8) longer than wide. Arms of tegmen (Fig. 9) slightly longer than stem. Spicule (Fig. 10) not sclerotised, except for little portion that adhere to distal region of aedeagus on ventral side. Measurements (n=10). Length: 2.92-3.56 (3.23), width: 1.84-2.28 (2.12), length of pronotum: 0.56-0.68 (0.63), width of pronotum: 1.08-1.34 (1.23), width across eyes: 0.84-0.94 (0.88), distance between eyes: 0.41-0.47 (0.44), length of aedeagus: 1.29, length of receptacle: 0.09, length of vaginal palpi: 0.75. Type material examined: Panilurus nilgiriensis. Syntype, Labels: 1) Nilgiri Hills 2) 943 3) Type 4) Panilurus nilgiriensis Jac. 5) Andrewes Bequest B. M. 1922-221 7) Examined K. D. Prathapan 2003 (BMNH).

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Glaucosphaera indica. Paratypes 1 , 1 . Labels: 1) S. INDIA, Kerala; 1250m; 15km SW Munnar; 1-9.v.1997 10,02 N76, 58 E; Kallar Valley, Dembick & Pacholtko leg. 2) PARATYPUS Glaucosphaera indica m. L. Medvedev det. 1997 3) Panilurus nilgiriensis Jacoby det. K. D. Prathapan 2003 (NHMB). Other material examined. 1 , 5 Labels 1)H. L. Andrewes Nilgiri Hills 2) Andrewes Bequest B.M. 1922-221 3) Panilurus nilgiriensis Jacoby det. K. D. Prathapan 2003 (BMNH). India: Kerala: 1 ,2 , Meppady, 30.x.1998, Prathapan Coll., 1 , Munnar, 24-29.xi.2002, Prathapan Coll., 1 , Suryanelli, 25.xi.2002, Prathapan Coll., 3 ,3 , Chinnakanal, 27.xi.2002, Prathapan Coll., 2 ,3 , Munnar-Vattayar, 29.xi.2002, Prathapan Coll.; Tamil Nadu: 3 ,4 , Gudalur, 29.x.1998, Prathapan Coll. Variability. Colour of dorsal surface varies from light metallic green to dark bluish green with purple reflections. Colour of legs varies from flavous to piceous, specimens collected at higher altitudes being lighter. Supra orbital punctures and the characteristic paired punctures on vertex vary in prominence and are apparently absent in some specimens. Ridge on dorsal surface of metatibia also varies considerably in prominence. However, structure of aedeagus is highly consistent and diagnostic. Remarks. P. nilgiriensis can be separated from P. agasthyamalaiensis and P. ponmudiensis based on colour, widely separated antennal sockets, horizontal anterofrontal ridge and horizontal epipleura. Antenna is thicker and shorter in P. nilgiriensis than in the other two species. Pronotum is narrower anteriorly than posteriorly in P. nilgiriensis, while it is as wide anteriorly as posteriorly in P. ponmudiensis and P. agasthyamalaiensis. Anterolateral callosity do not form a denticle at seta bearing pore in P. nilgiriensis. In P. ponmudiensis and P. agasthyamalaiensis anterolateral callosity forms a denticle at pore. Lateral margins of pronotum is strongly curved in the other two species while the curvature is weak in P. nilgiriensis. A minute, upcurved, sharp process is present behind the pore at the posterior edge of the posterolateral callosity in P. ponmudiensis and P. agasthyamalaiensis. Such a sharp spine like process is absent in P. nilgiriensis. The diagram of P. nilgiriensis given by Maulik (1926) does not agree with the characters observed in the specimens studied, but the description agrees very well. Specimens examined from the Andrewes collection (two badly damaged) probably belong to the type series. They were earlier mounted on a single card and are now remounted and labelled individually. PANILURUS PONMUDIENSIS NEW SPECIES (FIGS. 14-22) Distribution. India (Kerala). Host plants. Unknown. Description. Head, thorax, legs, antennae, prosternum brownish yellow. Elytra, all sterna except prothoracic, black. Scutellum, epipleura brownish black. Apex of metafemur dark brown dorsally. Vertex moderately convex, granulate, impunctate except for supra orbital puncture and pair of punctures in middle (latter indistinct in some specimens) separated by distance subequal to that of antennal sockets. No indication of antennal calli except for shallow depression dorsal to interantennal space. Distance between eyes 1.5 times transverse diameter of one eye. Distance between antennal sockets slightly less than distance between socket and adjacent eye. Frontal ridge moderately long, swollen, slightly narrowed in middle, broader at both ends. Anterofrontal ridge moderately swollen, arched, medially flat, emarginate, sharply raised laterally. Antenna reaching slightly beyond middle of elytron. First antennomere longest; second oblong, half as long as

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third; 3-6 subequal, slender; 7-10 progressively decrease in length but increase in thickness; 11th shorter than first. In male, fifth and sixth antennomeres with smooth circular depression on ventral side near distal end; distal end of sixth antennomere being more widened, depression prominent than that on fifth. In male, width of fifth and sixth antennomeres separately more than width of seventh. Width of fifth and sixth antennomeres separately slightly less than width of seventh in female, besides such modification being absent. Pronotum as wide proximally as distally. Anterolateral callosity nearly straight, form sharply angulate, obtuse denticle at pore. Posterolateral callosity forms obtuse denticle at seta bearing pore; denticle terminating in sharp, minute, up curved spiny process posterior to pore. Disc minutely granulate, impunctate. Scutellum as wide as long, apex acutely angulate. Elytron with indistinct depression posterior to humeral callus; longitudinal depression along mesal side of humeral callus indistinct; with maximum width at middle, longitudinal ridges absent. Surface covered with moderate sized punctures, distance between punctures 1-4 times larger than size of a puncture. Interstices flat, distinctly reticulate, impunctate. Epipleuron subvertical. Metatibia very slightly curved in lateral view, straight in ventral view, with apex less than two times width at base. Retrotibial surface distinctly convex almost up to apex. Lobes at apex of metatibia not prominent, subequal, invisible in dorsal view. First pro- and mesotarsomeres in male slightly widened, ventral side lacks setae, with oval depression. First metatarsomere slightly shorter than next three combined. Fourth metatarsomere shorter than two times length of third. Setae on ventral side of third tarsomere ribbon like. Posterior margin of last abdominal sternite of female crenulate. Spermatheca (Fig. 20) with receptacle distinctly longer than wide, as long as 2/3rd of pump. Tignum (Fig. 22) slightly curved, narrowed anteriorly, widened posteriorly. Vaginal palpi (Fig. 21) with fused portion in middle as long as 2/3rd of diverging anterior portion. Aedeagus slightly curved in lateral view (Fig. 16), with recurved, pointed apex. In ventral view (Fig. 15), narrowed in middle, proximal and distal regions widened, with flat acute apex. Distal

Fig. 14. Panilurus ponmudiensis, dorsal habitus.

1.0 mm

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opening (Fig. 17) oval shaped, partially covered by single lamina narrower than width of opening. Tegmen (Fig. 18) with stem slightly shorter than two times length of arms. Spicule (Fig. 19) Yshaped, well sclerotised. Measurements (n=3). Length: 2.48-3.28 (2.76), width: 1.52-1.84 (1.65), length of pronotum: 0.49-0.58 (0.54), width of pronotum: 0.91-1.03 (0.97), width across eyes: 0.74-0.83 (0.79), distance between eyes: 0.36-0.43 (0.39), length of aedeagus:1.04, length of receptacle: 0.11, length of vaginal palpi: 0.57. Types. Holotype Labels: 1) India, Kerala, Ponmudi, 17.viii.2003, Prathapan Coll. 2) Panilurus ponmudiensis sp. nov. Prathapan & Viraktamath 2003 3) Holotype (BMNH). Paratypes: same location

0.1 mm

0.1 mm

17
0.1 mm

19

16 15

0.1 mm

18

0.1 mm

0.1 mm

20 21

0.1 mm

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Figs. 15-22. Male and female genitalia of Panilurus ponmudiensis. 15. ventral view of aedeagus, 16. lateral view of aedeagus, 17. distal opening, 18. tegmen, 19. spicule, 20. spermatheca, 21. vaginal palpi, 22, tignum.

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and collector: 1 (30.viii.2002) (PKDC); 2 (4.xii.2002) (PKDC); 1 (24.xii.2002) (PKDC); 5, 3 (17.viii.2003) (1 NHMB, 3 PKDC, 2 PNC, 2 USNM); 3, 3 (13.ix.2003) (4 PKDC, 2 PNC). Etymology. This species is named after the type locality. Remarks. P. ponmudiensis is the only nonmetallic species of Panilurus. In the other two species, pronotum and elytron are concolorous, while in P. ponmudiensis pronotum is lighter and elytra black. Post basal depression behind humerus on elytra are not evident in P. ponmudiensis. Elytral punctures also appear smaller than in P. nilgiriensis and P. agasthyamalaiensis. Sexually dimorophic fifth and sixth antennomeres and first pro- and mesotarsomeres make P. ponmudiensis distinct. It can be separated from the other species as discussed under P. nilgiriensis and P. agasthyamalaiensis. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PANILURUS 1. 2(1) Distance between antennal sockets nearly three times the distance between a socket and adjacent eye; frontal ridge flat; anterofrontal ridge almost flat, straight; elytral epipleura horizontal ......................................................................................................... P. nilgiriensis Jacoby Distance between antennal sockets not more than that between a socket and adjacent eye; frontal ridge thick; anterofrontal ridge thick and curved; elytral epipleura oblique ........ 2 Elytron with lateral longitudinal ridges; vertex distinctly punctate; pronotum and elytra metallic coppery green ........................................................... P. agasthyamalaiensis new species Elytron without lateral longitudinal ridges; vertex impunctate; pronotum reddish yellow, elytra black ......................................................................................... P. ponmudiensis new species

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are grateful to Ms Sharon L. Shute, Natural History Museum, London for the loan of a syntype and other specimens of P. nilgiriensis from Andrewes collection. The paratypes of G. indica were examined through the courtesy of Dr M. Brancucci, Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel. Dr M. Dberl, Germany kindly sent us a couple of specimens of G. cyanea. PKD is grateful to the Director, Indian Institute of Spices Research, Calicut for granting study leave and to the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi for awarding Senior Research Fellowship. PKD specially thank Kunhikrishnan and Subbu for the misty dawns and nights in Agasthyamalai. Critical reviews by Drs A. S. Konstantinov, M. Dberl and an unknown reviewer greatly improved the manuscript. PKDs work on flea beetles is partially supported by the Kerala State Council for Science, Technology and Environment, Trivandrum. LITERATURE CITED
Chen, S. H. 1936. Genera of Oriental Halticinae. Sinensia 7(6): 625-667. Heikertinger, F. and Csiki, E. 1940. Pars 166-169. Chrysomelidae. Halticinae. In: Junk,W. & S. Schenkling. Coleopterorum catalogus. Gravenhage, 635pp. Jacoby, M. 1904. Another contribution to the knowledge of Indian phytophagous Coleoptera. Annales de la Societe de Belgique 48: 380-406. Konstantinov, A. S. 1998. Revision of the Palearctic species of Aphthona Chevrolat and cladistic classification of the Aphthonini (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Alticinae). Memoirs on Entomology, International Associated Publishers, Gainesville, 429 pp.

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Maulik, S. 1926. The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Coleoptera. Chrysomelidae (Chrysomelinae and Halticinae). Taylor and Francis, London, 442 pp. Medvedev, L. N. 2001. Chrysomelidae of southern Asia (Coleoptera). Entomologica Basiliensia 23: 159-191. Scherer, G. 1969. Die Alticinae des indischen Subkontinentes (Coleoptera -Chrysomelidae). Pacific Insect Monograph 22: 1-251. Seeno, T. N. and Wilcox, J. A. 1982. Leaf beetle genera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Entomography 1: 1-221.

PENSOFT Publishers Two Sofia Moscow

Konstantinov, Tishechkin, Penev (eds.) 2005 New Species of the Genus Hesperella Medvedev S. E. Asia 179 Contributions from to Systematics and Biology of Beetles Papers Celebrating the 80th Birthday of Igor Konstantinovich Lopatin, pp. 179-184

Two New Species of the Genus Hesperella Medvedev from S. E. Asia (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Haruo Takizawa
Bioindicator Co. Ltd., Yarai-cho 126, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0805, Japan

ABSTRACT
Two new species of the genus Hesperella Medvedev are described (H. maruyamai n sp. from Borneo and Malay Peninsula, and H. lopatini n. sp. from Sumatra). A key is given to distinguish Hespera Weise, Hesperella Medvedev, Taiwanohespera Kimoto and Pseudoespera Chen et al.

KEYWORD
New species; Hesperella; Borneo; Sumatra; Hespera-group.

Medvedev (1995) created the genus Hesperella for a distinctive new species, H. violaceipennis from Thailand. According to Medvedev, this genus is close to Hespera Weise and to Pseudespera Chen et al., but is distinguished from the former by the split claws and from the latter by the partly exposed abdomen and the split claws in both sexes. Another Oriental genus, Taiwanohespera Kimoto from Taiwan comes very close to Hesperella, however Medvedev overlooked their proximity, probably because Kimoto (1970) erroneously stated that the anterior coxal cavities of Taiwanohespera are open. Distribution of these three genera, Hesperella from Thailand and Indonesia, Taiwanohespera from Taiwan and Hespera in the N. E. Palearctic and Oriental regions are shown in Figure 1. They seem to form a natural group sharing similar general habitus, pubescent dorsum, robust antennae and more or less exposed abdominal tergites. In this paper I describe two new species of Hesperella from Borneo and Malay Peninsula. The holotypes will be deposited in the collection of the Laboratory of Systematic Entomology, Hokkaido University (SEHU), Sapporo, and other specimens in my private collection (TCOJ). GENUS HESPERELLA MEDVEDEV, 1995 Medvedev, 1995: 480 (type species: Hesperella violaceipennis Medvedev, type locality Thailand, by original designation) Body elongate oval, narrowed anteriorly; dorsum densely covered with adpressed hairs and punctures; frontal tubercle transverse and smooth, not delimited behind by groove; interantennal

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Fig. 1. Distribution of Hespera-group. Hesperella violaceipennis; H. lopatini; H. maruyamai; Taiwanohespera sasajii.

space wide, forming broad triangular clypeus; antennae robust, about half as long as body, thickened on 4th to 11th antennomeres; prothorax transverse and even, without any depressions; elytra without basal depressions, more or less truncate at apex; two apical abdominal tergites exposed; anterior coxal cavities closed, or almost closed; claws split. Key to the related genera 1. 2. 3. Anterior coxal cavities open; antennae slender and long. ..................................................... 2 Anterior coxal cavities closed (Fig. 2a); antennae robust, about almost half as long as body. ................................................................................................................................................. 3 Claws appendiculate (Fig. 2b) in both sexes; hind legs with 1st tarsomere shorter than remaining tarsomeres combined. ......................................................................... Hespera Weise Fore and middle legs with split claws in male, with appendiculate ones in female; hind legs with 1st tarsomere longer than remaining tarsomeres combined. ... Pseudespera Chen et al. Claws appendiculate (Fig. 2b) in both sexes ...................................... Taiwanohespera Kimoto Claws split (Fig. 3b) in both sexes. ........................................................... Hesperella Medvedev

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2a

3e

2b

3d

2d

4d

4a 3a

2c

4c

3c

5c

3d

Figs. 2-5. Taiwanohespera sasajii Kimoto (2), Hesperella violaceipennis (3), H. maruyamai n. sp. (4) and H. lopatini n. sp. (5). a, prothoracic venter; b, claw; c, apex of elytron; d, aedeagus (left: dorsal view, right: lateral view); e, last abdominal sternite.

HESPERELLA VIOLACEIPENNIS MEDVEDEV (FIG. 7) Medvedev, 1995: 480 (type locality Thailand; holotype in Basel Museum of Natural History). Male. Body elongate oval, 4.5-5.0 mm in length; dull black, with elytra dark violaceous blue; 3 basal antennomeres and femora dark reddish; dorsum densely covered with silver white adpressed hairs. Head distinctly narrower than pronotum at apex; vertex densely covered with shallow punctures; frontal tubercles transverse and obliquely situated, not delimited behind by groove; interantennal space wide, broadly and slightly raised medially; antennae robust, antennomeres 4th to 11th thickened and pubescent; relative length of antennomeres as follows: 11th > 1st > 7th = 8th = 9th > 10th = 6th > 5th > 4th > 3rd > 2nd; 11 3.5 times as long as 2nd; 7th to 9th each 2 times as long as 2nd; 7th and 8th each as long as wide. Pronotum transverse, almost as wide as base of elytra, strongly narrowed toward apex (Fig. 3a), widest at basal angles, broadly and archedly produced at posterior margin; disc evenly convex, densely punctate-reticulate, at anterior angles 2/3 as wide as at posterior angles. Scutellum flat, triangular, and rather pointed at apex. Elytron fully 2 times as long as wide, gently widened on basal 2/3, thence gently narrowed to apex, where it is widely and roundly truncate (Fig. 3c); disc densely covered with small punctures, and somewhat micro-reticulate, with short suberect hairs besides dense adpressed ones; last 2 abdominal tergites exposed and convex. Prosternal process narrow between coxae, expanded into narrow triangle and connected to hypomera (Fig. 3a); last abdominal sternite broadly depressed and trilobed at apex, gently emarginate medially at apex (Fig. 3e); legs stout, with first tarsomere not dilated; claws distinctly split. Aedeagus slightly curved down apically, as in Fig. 3d. Female with anterior coxal cavities narrowly open or closed; last visible abdominal sternite simple.

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Fig. 6. Taiwanohespera sasajii (from Kaofen, Nantou, Fig. 7. Hesperella violaceipennis (from Khao Soi Dao Taiwan). N. P., E. Thailand).

Specimens examined. 1 , Wang Nam Khaew (Khao Yai), Nahhon Ratchasima Prov., C. Thailand, 20.V.2003, S. Tsuyuki leg.; 1 , Khao Soi Dao N. P., Chantaburi Prov., E. Thailand, 16.V.2003, S. Tsuyuki leg.; 1 , Rha To Reservoir (Kra), Chumphon, S. Tahiland, 18-20.VI.1999, S. Ohmomo leg. (TCJO). HESPERELLA MARUYAMAI NEW SPECIES (FIG. 8) Male. Body 3.4 mm in length, long oval, almost subparallel-sided on apical 1/2 to 3/4 of elytra; light yellowish brown; head, prothorax medially, meso and metathorax, pronotum narrowly at anterior and posterior margins, and elytra on the suture blackish; antennomeres 5 to 11 and elytra widely on margins dark brownish. Head almost as wide as prothorax at apex; vertex densely covered with large punctures; frontal tubercles smooth and transverse, with inner lower angle produced ventrally, not well delimited behind; antennae almost half as long as body, antennomeres 3 to 11 pubescent, 4 to 11 thickened; relative length of antennomeres as follows: 11 > 1 > 5 = 6 = 7 = 8 = 9 > 4 > 3 > 2; 11 almost 3 times as long as 2; 5 to 9 each almost 2 times as long as second; 8 slightly longer than wide. Pronotum subtrapezoid, distinctly narrower than base of elytra, widest at basal angles, thence weakly narrowed anteriorly and curved inwardly on apical 1/3 of lateral margins, broadly and archedly produced at posterior margin; width at anterior angles larger than half the width at posterior angles; disc evenly convex, densely covered with large punctures. Scutellum triangular with round apex. Elytron almost 3 times as wide as long, gradually narrowed on apical 1/3, somewhat truncate at apical margin (Fig. 4c); last 2 abdominal tergites exposed; epipeluron wide

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at basal 1/3, thence abruptly narrowed, disappearing before apical curvature; surface shagreened and pubescent. Prosternal process extremely narrow between coxae, widened triangularly behind coxae (Fig. 3a); surface deeply and triangularly excavate; last abdominal sternite broadly depressed and trilobed at apex, subquadrate in middle; aedeagus produced, and curved down in lateral view, with minute denticle ventrally at apex, with long flagellum as in Fig. 4d; tarsomere not dilated. Female. Body slightly larger, 3.7-4.0mm in length; both head and thorax blackish on venter; hind femora dark brownish; elytra with darker area well developed; abdominal tergites blackish; last abdominal sternite simple. Holotype. 1 , Gn. Santubong, Sarawak, Borneo, 5.VI.1996, K. Maruyama leg. (SEHU). Paratypes. Borneo 2 , data same as the holotype; 1 , Mahua B. C., Crocker Range Park, Sabah, 16.X.1999 (at light), K. Mizota leg. Malay Peninsula 3 ,4 , 19M, Tana Rata, Cameron Highland, Malaysia, IV.1988, W. T. Fett leg; 1 , Cameron Highland, 23.X.1999, A. & R. Abe leg. (TCOJ). Remarks. This species is clearly distinguished from H. violaceipennis by its fulvous coloration and the prothorax narrower than elytra at base, shape of the aedeagus, etc. From H. lopatini n. sp. it is distinguished by the elytra weakly truncate at the apex. There are pronounced color variations among local populations: 1 - specimens from Gn. Santubong, Borneo have the elytra widely bordered with dark brown; 2 - specimens from Crocker Hills, Borneo are fulvous, with the head and pronotum pale brownish; 6 apical antennomeres are dark brown: 3 - specimens from Tana Rata, Malay Peninsula have the elytra fulvous, narrowly margined with dark brown basally and along lateral margins on basal half, with a narrow dark band at apex; last 2 abdominal tergites medially with dark spot; male without apical dark band; in one female, pronotum largely blackish brown.

Fig. 8. H. maruyamai n. sp. (holotype).

Fig. 9. H. lopatini n. sp. (holotype).

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These color variation together with weakly sclerotised aedeagus which is easily distorted, make determination of this species somewhat difficult. But I treat the Malay population as belonging to the present species. Etymology: This species is named after Mr. K. Maruyama in Tokyo, a researcher in S. E. Asian Hesperiidae, who collected the type series. HESPERELLA LOPATINI NEW SPECIES (FIG. 9) Female. Body 3.6-3.8 mm in length; habitus and coloration as in the preceding species; elytra distinctly truncate at apex and emarginate (Fig. 5c); scutellum dark brown; elytra narrowly margined along lateral margin, widely margined basally by dark brown, with longitudinal dark stripe covering inner half of elytron on apical 2/3; area behind scutellum obscurely dark brown; suture blackish brown; epipleuron continued to latero-apical angle; 2 last abdominal tergites each with large blackish median patch. Holotype. 1, Bandar Baru, Sibolangit, N. Sumatra, X.1999, Barus leg. (SEHU). Paratype. 1, data same as the holotype (TCOJ). Remarks. This new species is similar to the fulvous variation of H. maruyamai from the Malay Peninsula, but is easily distinguished from the latter by the shape of distinctly truncate elytra. In the paratype, blackish stripe on elytra becomes much obscure. Etymology: This species is named after Dr. I. Lopatin in celebrating of his 80th birthday. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express my sincere thanks to Mr. A. Abe in Aomori Pref., Dr. K. Kurosa and Mr. K. Maruyama in Tokyo, Dr. S. Ohmomo in Ibaraki and to Mr. S. Tsuyuki in Kanagawa Pref., who kindly supplied these interesting specimens and to Dr. A. Konstantinov of the National Museum of Natural History in Washington for his help in finding literature. LITERATURE CITED
Chen, S. H., S. Wang & S. Jiang, 1985. A new genus of Galerucinae from West China (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Acta Zoologica Sinica 31: 372-376. Kimoto, S. 1970. Notes on the Chrysomelidae from Taiwan. V. Kontyu 38: 292-313. Medvedev, L. N. 1995. New species of Alticinae (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) from South Asia. Entomologica Basilensia 18: 479-488.

Konstantinov, Tishechkin, Penev (eds.) 2005 PENSOFTDistribution Publishers Details of Species Belonging to the Cryptocephalus Geographic hypochaeridis -group 185 Contributions to Systematics and Biology of Beetles

Sofia Moscow

Papers Celebrating the 80th Birthday of Igor Konstantinovich Lopatin, pp. 185-195

Geographical Distribution Details of Species Belonging to the Cryptocephalus hypochaeridis-group in the Carpathian Basin (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephalinae)
Kroly Vig
Savaria Museum, Department of Natural History, H-9700 Szombathely, Kisfaludy S. u. 9., Hungary e-mail: nathist.savmuz@axelero.hu

ABSTRACT
Geographic distribution details of species belonging to the Cryptocephalus hypochaeridisgroup in the Carpathian Basin (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephalinae) Locality data of three species of the Cryptocephalus hypochaeridis-group occurring in the Carpathian Basin is given.

KEYWORDS
Geographic distribution, Carpathian Basin, Cryptocephalus hypocaheridis, Cryptocephalus solivagus, Cryptocephalus transiens, Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae

INTRODUCTION This paper is based on a revisional study of all the material belonging to the Cryptocephalus hypochaeridis-group preserved in Hungarian museums and on some specimens from other collections. The Cryptocephalus hypochaeridis-group was revised and a key to the species was given recently (Leonardi and Sassi 2001). This study presents a contribution to the geographical distribution of Cryptocephalus hypocaheridis, C. solivagus and C. transiens in the Carpathian Basin. MATERIAL AND METHODS The most complete revision so far of the leaf-beetle fauna in the Carpathian Basin was made by the late Zoltn Kaszab. Although a world specialist mainly in the Tenebrionidae and Meloidae, Kaszab managed to study about 100,000 leaf-beetle specimens from the Carpathian Basin kept in the Hungarian Natural History Museum, based on faunistic and taxonomic literature. Kaszabs key to all the Carpathian Basin species in the order (Kaszab 1962) remains to this day the only regional identification book that aims to be complete. Of course, alterations have been made in many taxa in the intervening forty years and the nomenclature has partly changed, one being in the Cryptocephalus hypochaeridis-group.

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Kaszab followed a study by Franz (1949) when he presented the subspecies and C. hypochaeridis transiens from the Carpathian Basin. He had to say about their occurrence: Within our fauna territory, this subspecies [C. hypochaeridis hypochaeridis] lives in the Carpathians, the whole Transylvania and the Banate. Within Hungary, it has been found only in the Buda Hills and the Murakz district. It occurs at only one location in the Great Plain, where it has been washed down from the mountains by floods. Kaszab also gave the hills around Sifok as a location, but the data was based on an unreliably labelled specimen. He wrote the following about the range of C. hypocaheridis transiens: It is a resident of the plains and hills of medium height in Hungary. The subspecies lives in the hills of the Western periphery, the Kisalfld, and the Central Range (except the Buda Hills) as far as the Zempln Hills. It should be noted that Kaszab did not use the obvious difference in the shape of the aedaegus in the two subspecies. He distinguished the specimens in the Hungarian Natural History Museum simply by their occurrence data. (Nonetheless, most of his identifications are correct.) Leonardi and Sassi (2001) reviewed the Western Palaearctic species of the Cryptocephalus hypochaeridis-group. They gave detailed locations for the specimens they examined, but they included only large-scale maps of the range of each species. Based on this, C. transiens is indigenous to the whole of the Carpathian Basin, C. solivagus south of the line of Lake Balaton, and C. hypochaeridis north of that line. However, the authors noted that there remained open questions, especially with the distribution of C. solivagus. The purpose of this investigation was to ascertain the precise ranges of Cryptocephalus hyochaeridis, C. solivagus and C. transiens in the Carpathian Basin by examining all specimens in Hungarian collections and foreign museums. The aedeagus of the male specimens was dissected. The data on all the specimens from the Carpathian Basin have been reprinted in the data supplement from the Leonardi and Sassi (2001) article. PRESENTATION OF DATA For the material studied, the locality, the date of collecting and the name of the collector(s) are followed by the number of specimens and the abbreviation of depository, both in parentheses. Lack of number before a museum acronym means a single specimen. If specimens are known from the same locality but from different date and collector, the locality is not repeated again. If the geographical name of the locality has been changed or any other abbreviation was given on the original labels, the recent name and full data is presented in brackets. Acronyms indicating the depositories of the investigated specimens are as follows: HNHM IRSNB JPM KFM MM SM Magyar Termszettudomnyi Mzeum (Hungarian Natural History Museum), Budapest Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Brussels Janus Pannonius Mzeum, Pcs Kazinczy Ferenc Mzeum, Storaljajhely Mtra Mzeum, Gyngys Savaria Mzeum, Szombathely

The English equivalents of the habitats given in Hungarian are as follows: dli lejt = southern slope, erd = forest, szaki lejt = northern slope, forrs = spring, hegy = hill, hegysg = hills,

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hg. [=hegysg] = hills, hgys. [=hegysg] = hills, lp = moore, major = farm, megye = county, mez = meadow, part = shore, patak = stream, rt = meadow, sziget = island, szoros = pass, t = lake, pond, tzegmohs lp = peat-bog with Sphagnum mosses, vlgy = valley. MATERIAL INVESTIGATED Cryptocephalus hypochaeridis (Linneaus, 1758) CROATIA Ludbreg, leg: Apfelbeck (3) (HNHM). HUNGARY Btorliget, Btorligeti-lp, 12.VII.1988, leg: Dely . (HNHM); Bpst [=Budapest] krnyke, Budai hegys., Budakeszi erd, 17.VI.31 [=1931] (HNHM); Budapest, Csillebrc, 12.VII.1933, leg: Csiki (HNHM); Budapest, Hvsvlgy, 26.VI.1935, leg: Victor Stiller (HNHM); Budapest, Jnoshegy, ex. coll: I. Peregi (3) (HNHM); Budapest, Kamara-erd, VII.26 [=1926], coll: H. Diener (HNHM); Budapest, Kecskehegy, 2.VII.1933, leg: Csiki (HNHM); 23.VI.1952, leg: Csiki (HNHM); Budapest, Rzsadomb, 7.VI.1928, leg: Csiki (HNHM); Budapest, Ujlaki hegy, 15.VI.1933, leg: Csiki (HNHM); 23.VI.1952, leg: Csiki (HNHM); Budapest, Vadaskert (HNHM); 8.VI.1934, leg: Csiki (2) (HNHM); 13.VI.1950, leg: Csiki (HNHM); 23.VI.1934, leg: Csiki (HNHM); Budapest, VI.1907, leg: Wachsmann (HNHM); 2.VI.1910 (HNHM); 4.VI.1910 (HNHM); 16.VI.1915 (HNHM); 29.VI.1915 (HNHM); VII.939 [=1939], leg: Steiner I. (HNHM); Budapest, leg: E. Bokor (HNHM); leg: Kuthy (HNHM); leg: Wachsmann (HNHM); Dobogk, 18.VI.1959, leg: Podlussny A. (3) (SM); Esztergom, leg: E. Bokor (HNHM); Gyr, leg: E. Bokor (HNHM); Hidegkt [=Budapest], 29.VI.1933, leg: Csiki (HNHM); Isaszeg, 7.VI.917 [=1917], coll: Mihk (HNHM); Kismaros, 30.VI.09 [=1909], leg: Robert Meusel (IRSNB); leg: Robert Meusel (IRSNB); Mriabesny [=Gdll], 10.VI.1934, leg: Fodor (HNHM); Mtra, Galyatet, 11.VI.1934, leg: Csiki (HNHM); Nagykovcsi, Jlia-major, 13.VI.1993, leg: Mark V. (SM); Nagymaros, 17.VI.1962, leg: Retezr (SM); szd [=Balatonszd], VII.903 [=1903], leg: Ehmann (HNHM); VII.905 [=1905], leg: Ehmann (HNHM); Pallag [=Kspallag], VIII.1930, leg: Rvy (HNHM); P.szt.kereszt [=Pilisszentkereszt], V.914 [=1914], leg: Bokor (HNHM); [=Pilis] Bkks p. v., 17.VI.1959, leg: Podlussny A. (3) (SM); Pilis Mts., leg: Bokor (HNHM); Piliscsaba, VII.01 [=1901], leg: Wachsmann (HNHM); Pilisi hegy [=Pilis-hg.], 13.VI.1909, leg: Mihk (HNHM); Pilisi hgys. [=Pilis-hg.], Malomvlgy, 3.VI.1943, leg: Csiki (HNHM); Pilisi hgys. [=Pilis-hg.], Prpost-hegy, 2.VI.1943, leg: Csiki (HNHM); Pilismart, 19.VI.1959, leg: Podlussny A. (3) (SM); Vc, Naszly, 12.VI.1993, leg: Merkl O. (HNHM); Visegrd, 14.VI.1913, leg: Streda (HNHM). ROMANIA Poiana Stini, 1200 m, 25.VI.1972, leg: Podlussny A. (SM). SLOVAKIA Barlangliget [=Tatransk Kotlina], leg: Gammel (HNHM); Gombs [=Hubov], IV-V.1944 [Holotypus of Cryptocephalus hypochaeridis ab. Burlinianus Kaszab] (HNHM); Ttra h. [=Tatra], 17.VII.910 [=1910], coll: R. Streda (HNHM); Ttraszplak [=Tatransk Polianka], 1.VII., leg: Wachsmann (HNHM). Cryptocephalus solivagus Leonardi & Sassi 2001 BULGARIA Pirin-hg., Sandanski popina, 1200 m, 14.VII.1970, leg: Podlussny A. (3) (SM); Rodope, Ryen, 1200 m, 14.VII.1987, leg: Vig K. (12) (SM). HUNGARY Btorliget, 16.VI.936 [=1936], leg: hik (HNHM); 17-28.VI.1948, leg: Kaszab & Szkessy (HNHM); Debrecen, 2.V.1943, coll: E. Csiki (HNHM); Eger, leg: Reskovits (MM); Kismaros,

188

Kroly Vig

30.VI.09 [=1909], leg: Robert Meusel (IRSNB); Pomz, 27.VI.1966, leg: Jablonkay J. (MM); Pspkladny: gotapuszta, 16-17.VI.1975, leg: Kaszab (HNHM); Szarvas: Szarvasi Arbortum, 27.VII.1998, leg: Merkl O. (HNHM); Szeged, 24.VI.1930, leg: Victor Stiller [Paratypus] (HNHM); 7.VII.1933, leg: V. Stiller (HNHM); 7.VII.1933, leg: V. Stiller [Paratypus] (HNHM); 7.VII.1933, leg: Victor Stiller [Paratypus] (HNHM); jpest [=Budapest], 27.V.06 [=1906], leg: Robert Meusel (IRSNB). CROATIA Ludbreg, leg: Apfelbeck [Paratypus] (HNHM). ROMANIA Aranyosf [=Scrioara],Tordaaranyos [megye], leg: Bokor [Paratypus] (HNHM); Biharfred [=Stna de Vale], leg: Banner (HNHM); leg: Banner [Paratypus] (HNHM); Bihar-hs. [=Munii Bihor], Flra-rt, 11.VIII.1955, coll: Papp Jen (HNHM); Borsabnya [=Baia Bora], 800-1200 m, 21-27.VII.1941, leg: Kaszab [Paratypus] (HNHM); Detonta, 23.VIII.1903, leg: Nagy Ignc (HNHM); Dva [=Deva], leg: Csiki (HNHM); Dicssztmrton [=Trnveni], leg: Csiki [Paratypus] (HNHM); Erdalja [=?Sub Pdure], 9.VII.1911 (HNHM); Fels Cserts [=Certeju de Sus], leg: Csiki (HNHM); Ferenczfalva [=Vliug], Kuka, 6.VIII., leg: Horvth (HNHM); Grgnyi hgys. [=Munii Gurghiului], Bogdn-mez, 24.VII.1941, leg: Csiki (HNHM); Grgnyi hgys. [=Munii Gurghiului], Bucsin-vlgy, 17.VII.1941, leg: Csiki (2) (HNHM); Grgnyi hgys. [=Munii Gurghiului], Kiskkll , 22.VII.1941, leg: Csiki (HNHM); Grgnyi hgys. [=Munii Gurghiului], Mezhavas, Nagyg, 21.VII.1941, leg: Csiki (3) (HNHM); Gyergyi-h. [=Munii Giurgeu], Gyilkost, N. Cohrd, 1000 m, 11.VII.1956, coll: Papp Jen (2) (HNHM); Herkulesfrd [=Bile Herculane], coll: Mihk (HNHM); Homord [=Homorod], 1916, leg: Horv.[th] (HNHM); Homordfrd [=Bile Homorod], 700 m, 8 28.VII.1943, leg: hik & Loksa [Paratypus] (HNHM); Kszon [=Cain], Bordca, 1200 m, 18-29.VI.1943, leg: Kaszab [Paratypus] (HNHM); Koronka [=Corunca], 12.VI., coll: Ehmann (HNHM); Mramaros, leg: Frivaldszky & Pvel (HNHM); MezKapus [=Cpuu de Cmpie], leg: Csiki (HNHM); -Radna [=Rodna], 25.VII.1943, leg: Csiki E. [Paratypus] (HNHM); radna [=Rodna], coll: Kanab (HNHM); Preszka [=?Presaca], leg: Csiki (4) (HNHM); leg: Csiki [Paratypus] (HNHM); Radnai hgys. [=Munii Rodnei], Szcsvlgy, 21.VII.1943, leg: Csiki (HNHM); Remecz [=Remei], 907 [=1907], leg: Br (HNHM); Resicabnya [=Reia], leg: Kanab D. (HNHM); Retyezt [=Munii Retezatului], Als Cska, 8.VII.1917, leg: Horvth (HNHM); Retyezt [=Munii Retezatului], Cskatet, 8.VII.1917, leg: Streda (HNHM); Retyezt [=Munii Retezatului], Gura Zlata, 10.VII.1917, coll: R. Streda [Paratypus] (HNHM); Retyezt [=Munii Retezatului], leg: Ujhelyi (HNHM); Rumunyest [=Romneti], 1882, leg: Pvel (2) (HNHM); Szejke [=Seiche], 1916, leg: Horvth (HNHM); Szkelykeresztr [=Cristuru Secuiesc], VI.1943, leg: Mczr (HNHM); [Paratypus] (HNHM); Temes-megye (HNHM); Vallis Misid, coll: Mihk (HNHM); [Paratypus] (HNHM). SLOVAKIA Murny [=Mur], 18.VII.1914, leg: Szab (HNHM). SERBIA Ujvidk [=Novi Sad], VI.1944, leg: Mczr (2) (HNHM). Cryptocephalus transiens Franz, 1949 AUSTRIA Frakn [=Forchtenstein], coll: Streda R. (HNHM); Szikra [=Sieggraben], coll: Peregi (HNHM); Velden, 7.VII.1977, leg: Mszros Z. (SM). CROATIA Breze, 87 [=1887], leg: Horvth G. (HNHM); 97 [=1897], Horv. [=Horvth G.] (HNHM); 1899, leg: Wachsmann (HNHM); Delnice, VI.1939, leg: Stiller V. (HNHM); Env. dAgram [=Zagreb], 74 [=1874], leg: Brusina (6) (IRSNB); Fiume [=Rijeka], 1907, leg: Kaufmann (HNHM); Novi, 2.VII.1908, coll: Ehmann (HNHM); coll: Kanab (9) (HNHM); Plitvice, coll: Mihk (HNHM); Velebit, 99 [=1899] (10) (HNHM); Zagreb, VI.1915, leg: Stiller V. (HNHM).

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HUNGARY Agrd, 5.VI.1985, leg: Vig K. (SM); Aggtelek: Fekete-l-vlgy, 20.VI.1990, leg: Merkl O. (HNHM); Aggtelek: Mnes-vlgy, 19.VI.1989, leg: Merkl O. (HNHM); Aggtelek: Szzholdas, 12.VII.1988, leg: Podlussny A. (HNHM); Alspetny, leg: hik & Loksa (2) (HNHM); Alsszuha: Hideg-kt-vlgy, 17.VI.2003, leg: Hegyessy G. (KFM); Aptistvnfalva, 16.VI.1993, leg: Thurczy Cs. (13) (SM); Aptistvnfalva: Zsida-patak vlgye, 17.VI.1994, leg: Vig K. (SM); Aptistvnfalva: Zsida-patak, 10.VI.1984, leg: Rozner I. (SM); 26.V.1983, leg: Podlussny A. (SM); Bajnsenye, 4.VI.1979, leg: Podlussny A. (SM); Baktakk: Kk Vasonca, 9.VI.2002, leg: Hegyessy G. (KFM); Btorliget, 16.VI.1936, leg: hik (HNHM); 10-15.V.1948, leg: Kaszab Z. & Szkessy V. (8) (HNHM); 17-28.VI.1948, leg: Szkessy V. (HNHM); 25.VI-3.VII.1949, leg: Kaszab Z. & Szkessy V. (HNHM); Btorliget, lp, 1-10.VI.1949; 25.VI-3.VII.1949, leg: Kaszab Z. & Szkessy V. (HNHM); Btorliget: Btorligeti-lp, 28.VI.1988, leg: dm L. & Hmorin (HNHM); Bdvaszilas: Vecsem, 16.VI.1987, leg: Merkl O. & Bartos (HNHM); Bozsok, 10.VI.1980, leg: Vig K. (SM); Bozsok: rottk, 880 m, 25.VII.1981, leg: dm L. (SM); Brzsny, 913 [=1913], leg: Bokor (HNHM); Brzsny, Nagy-vlgy [=Letks], 5.VI.1964, leg: Retezr I. (SM); Budapest, 1903, leg: Kaufmann (HNHM); Budapest: Cinkota, Napls-t, 10.VI.1993, leg: Merkl O. (HNHM); Budapest: Margitsziget, 24.V.1908 (HNHM); Budapest: Sas-hegy (HNHM); Bkk-hegysg, 1953, leg: Reskovits (2) (MM); 196?, leg: Biol Sz. O. (3) (MM); 955 [=1955], leg: Reskovits (MM); Bkk-hegysg, Bnkt, 26.VII.1955, leg: Szkessy V. (6) (HNHM); Bkk-hegysg, Leny-vlgy, 4.VII.953 [=1953], leg: Reskovits (MM); Bkk-hegysg, Nagy-Pazsag-vlgy, 19.VII.1959, leg: Reskovits (MM); Bkkhegysg, Nagyvisny: Elzalak, 5-12.VI.1956, leg: Kaszab Z. & Szkessy V. (5) (HNHM); Bkkhegysg, Ostoros-tet, 26.VI.1955, leg: Hmori S.-n (HNHM); Bkk-hegysg, Skfkt, 25.VI.1979, leg: Kiss G. (MM); Bkk-hegysg, Szalajka-vlgy, 23.VII-10.VIII.1955, leg: Szkessy V. (4) (HNHM); Bkk-hegysg, Szarvask, 1-4.VIII.1960, leg: Kaszab Z. (HNHM); Ck, 30.VII.1992, leg: Vig K. (SM); Czelldmlk [=Celldmlk], 1906, leg: Horvth G. (HNHM); Cserht-hegysg, Smsonhza, 29.VI.1974, leg: Varga A.-n (MM); Csrtnek, 6.VI.1984, leg: Rozner I. (SM); Csrtnek: Huszszi-patak, 200m, 10.VII.1963, leg: dm L. (SM); 21.V.1983, leg: Rozner I. (SM); 25.VI.1993, Szalki D. et al. (8) (SM); 9.VII.1983, leg: Szalki D. (SM); D.-Haraszti [=Dunaharaszti], 10.VI.1926, leg: de Ajtai (HNHM); Darny, 29-30.VI.1976, leg: Horvatovich S. (JPM); Dvod, 30.V.1990, leg: Podlussny A. (SM); Dobogk, coll: Diener H. (HNHM); Dunasziget: Doborgazsziget, 7.VII.1995, leg: Merkl O. (HNHM); Ederics [=Balatonederics], leg: Horvth (HNHM); Egerbakta, 3.VI.1934, leg: Erds (HNHM); gerszg: Tth-vlgy, 22.VI.1989, leg: Merkl O. (HNHM); Erdc [=Egyhzasrdc], 8.V.1959, [leg: Vrs I.] (SM); Esztergom, leg: Bokor E. (HNHM); Farkasfa, 4.VI.1979, leg: Podlussny A. (SM); Farkasfa: Fekete-t, 11.VII.1982, leg: Somorjai (SM); 29.VI.1994, leg: Vig K. (4) (SM); Fehrgyarmat: Birh-erd, 29.VI.2003, leg: Hegyessy G. (KFM); Feketeerd, 12.VII.1941, leg: Rvy D. (HNHM); Feketeerd: Hzi-erd, 31.V.1989, leg: Bartos & Miyagawa (HNHM); Felsdobsza: Szlhegy, 25.VI.2003, leg: Hegyessy G. (KFM); Felsszlnk, 6.VII.1993, leg: Thurczy Cs. (SM); Fenyf, leg: Schmidt (HNHM); Fzrkomls: Krtvlyes, 4.VI.1998, leg: Hegyessy G. (KFM); Galyatet, 16.VI.1961, leg: Retezr I. (SM); Garadna: Hernd-vlgy, 4.VI.1999, leg: Hegyessy G. (KFM); Gerecse, 4.VI.1967, leg: Han (SM); Gerence-vlgy, VII.1955, leg: Lenczy (HNHM); Gyr, leg: Bokor E. (2) (HNHM); Hdervr, 29.V.1948, leg: Homonnay F. (MM); Hegyhtszentjakab: Vadsa-t, 28.V.1983, leg: Rozner I. (SM); [ Hegyhtszentjakab]: Himfai-park erd, 16.VI.1988, leg: Vig K. (SM); Hercegsznt, Karapancsa, 28.V.1990, leg: Podlussny A. (JPM); 20.VI.1991, leg: Horvatovich S. & Sr J. (JPM); Herndcce: Hossz-kerek-t, 9.VI.1993, leg: Hegyessy G. (KFM); Herndnmeti: Trk jussa, 22.V.2002, leg: Hegyessy G. (KFM); Herndpetri: Hernd-vlgy, 28.VII.2000, leg:

190

Kroly Vig

Hegyessy G. (KFM); Hortobgy-Mta: Zm-puszta, 27.V.1976, leg: Kaszab Z. (HNHM); Hung. occ. [=Hungaria occidentalis], leg: Kaufmann (JPM); Hungaria bor., Herman-vlgy, leg: Mocsry S. (HNHM); Hungaria, Bruck a.b. L., Grabowski (HNHM); Kapos, Gyarmathajms, 29.VI.1916, leg: Stiller V. (4) (HNHM); Karapancsa, coll: Peregi (HNHM); Keszthely, leg: Horvth (HNHM); Keszthelyi-hg., Bdskt, 10.VII.1986, leg: Vig K. & Csords R. (24) (SM) ; Ktjfalu, 17.VII.1988, leg: Sr J. (JPM); Ktvlgy: Ritkahza, 13.VII.1962, leg: Retezr I. (SM); 7.VII.1993 (2); 18.VI.1994, leg: Vig K. (SM); Kincsesbnya, 5.VII.1988, leg: Vig K. (SM); Kisar: Kis-mez, 20.VI.2003, leg: Hegyessy G. (2) (KFM); Kis-Balaton, Vrs, 12.V.1985, leg: Vig K. (3) (SM); Kis-Balaton, Vrs, 14.VI.1950, leg: Bajry & Mczr (HNHM); 15.V.1950, leg: Halszfy & Sos (HNHM); Kis-Balaton, Vrs: Dis-sziget, 8-16.VII.1950, leg: Kaszab Z. & Szkessy V. (2) (HNHM); Kis-Balaton, Zalavr: Dis-sziget, 20.V.1950, leg: Halszfy & Sos (HNHM); 8-16.VII.1950, leg: Kaszab Z. (HNHM); Kishuta, 10-20.VII.1955, leg: Bajri E. (HNHM); Kiskrs: Szcsi-erd, 1.VI.1978, leg: Tth L. (HNHM); Kis-Velence [=Velence]: Velencei-t part, 5.VI.1951, leg: Kakassn (2) (HNHM); Komjti: Alshegy, 1.VI.1988, leg: Papp J. (2) (HNHM); 2.VI.1988, leg: dm L. (HNHM); Kondorfa, 3.VI.1979 (2); 10.VI.1984; 25.VI.1984, leg: Rozner I. (SM); 19.VI.1994, leg: Vig K. (SM); Kondorfa: Nagy-Avas, 25.VI.1993, Szalki D. et al. (8) (SM); Kondorfa: Ssos-erd, 25.VI.1984, leg: Rozner I. (2) (SM); Kovcsvgs: Tehn-kosr, 19.VI.1993, leg: Hegyessy G. (KFM); Klked, 20.VI.1991 (3); 28.VI.1991, leg: Horvatovich S. & Sr J. (JPM); Klked: Nagy-rt, 22.V.1991, leg: Horvatovich S. & Sr J. (JPM); Kszeg, 2.VI.1979, leg: Podlussny A. (SM); Kszeg, Kszegi-hg., 14.VII.1979, leg: Podlussny A. (SM); Kzprigc, 24.VII.1974, leg: Uherkovich . (JPM); Legnd, leg: Tunkl (3) (HNHM); Lengyel, 9.VII., leg: hik (4) (HNHM); Lukcshza, 7.VI.1977, leg: Horvatovich S. (JPM); M.-vr [=Mosonmagyarvr], 27.V.1939, leg: Rvy D. (HNHM); Mriajfalu, 30.VII.1979, leg: Rozner I. (SM); Martonyi: Bkk-vlgy, 16.VI.1987, leg: Merkl O. (HNHM); Mtrahza, 16-24.VII.1954, leg: Hmori S. (2) (HNHM); Mtrahza: Kkestet, 5.VIII.1950; 5.VII.1954, leg: Hmorin (HNHM); 17.VII.1954, leg: Hmori S. (3) (HNHM); Mtrahza: Napsugrdl, 22.VII.1954, leg: Hmorin (3) (HNHM); Mtra-hegysg, Rzsaszlls [=Pard], 20-27.VI.1955, leg: Kakassn & Mihlyi F. (2) (HNHM); Mtra-hegysg, Szent Imre, 1-6.VII.1975, leg: Jablonkay J. (MM); Mtra-hegysg, Nyrjes, 19.VI.1956, leg: Kovcsn (MM); Mtra-hg., Pisztrngos-t [=Pard], 20.VI.1955; 20-27.VI.1955, leg: Kakassn & Mihlyi F. (5) (HNHM); 29.VII.1955, leg: Hmori S.-n. (HNHM); Mecsek-hegysg, leg: Gebhardt A. (JPM); Mecsek [-hegysg], Dobog, 17.VII.1979, leg: Horvatovich S. (JPM); Mecsek-h., Melegmny, 4.VI.1908, leg: Csiki (HNHM); Mecsek [-hegysg], Pcs: Mlyvlgy, 24.VI.1954, leg: Kaszab Z. & Szkessy V. (2) (HNHM); Mecsek-hegysg, Pcs: Misina, D, 25.VI.1954, leg: Kaszab Z. & Szkessy V. (HNHM); [Mecsek-hegysg] Misina, dli lejt, 8.VI.1953; 22.VI.1953; 7.VI.1968, leg: Gebhardt A. (JPM); Mecsek [-hegysg], Misina, [szaki lejt], 9.VII.1979, leg: Horvatovich S. (3) (JPM); Mecsek-hegysg, Havihegy, 19.VI.1967, leg: Gebhardt A. (JPM); Mecsek-hegysg, Lapis, 8.VI.1968, leg: Gebhardt A. (JPM); [Mecsek-hegysg] Szuad (JPM); 17.VI.1953 (JPM); Mecsekhegysg, Tubes, 27.VI.1972, leg: Uherkovich . (2) (JPM); Mecsek [-hegysg], Tubes [szaki lejt], 31.VII.1980 (JPM); Mogyorska: Tlgyes, 9.VI.1993, leg: Hegyessy G. (KFM); Nadap: Antnia-hegy, 1.VI.1951, leg: Kaszab Z. (HNHM); Nagyhuta: Gyertynos-rt, 26.VI.1998, leg: Hegyessy G. (KFM); Nagyhuta: Nagy-Som-hegy, 26.VI.1998, leg: Hegyessy G. (KFM); Nagykovcsi: Jlia-major, 8.VII.1985, leg: Vig K. (SM); Nagy-Sitke [=Sitke], 1909, leg: Horvth (HNHM); Nagyvisny: Elzalak, 4.VI.1957, leg: Tth S. (HNHM); 5-12.VI.1956, leg: Kaszab Z. & Szkessy V. (HNHM); Ngrdkeresztr (HNHM); csa: Nagyerd, , 25.VI.1953, leg: Hmori S.-n (HNHM); -Duna, 9.VII.1990, leg: Horvatovich S. & Sr J. (JPM); Olaszliszka: Fenyr,

Geographic Distribution Details of Species Belonging to the Cryptocephalus hypochaeridis-group

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11.VI.2003, leg: Hegyessy G. (2) (KFM); Orfalu, 11.VII.1982, leg: Somorjai (SM); 26.V.1983, leg: Podlussny A. (SM); 5.VIII.1994, leg: Vig K. (SM); riszentpter: Brks-t, 23.V.1983, leg: Podlussny A. (4) (SM); 10.VI.1985, leg: Szalki D. (4) (SM); Plhza: Istvnkt, 9-11.VI.1955, leg: Kaszab Z. & Szkessy V. (HNHM); Plhza: Kemence-vlgy, 6-11.VI.1955, leg: Kaszab Z. & Szkessy V. (HNHM); Plhza: Komls-vlgy, 6-11.VI.1955, leg: Kaszab Z. & Szkessy V. (HNHM); Pallag [=Kspallag], 1931, leg: Rvy (SM); Pcs, 1903, leg: Kaufmann (HNHM); Perecse: Szirkvlgy, 8.VI.1998, leg: Hegyessy G. (KFM); Perkupa: Telekes-vlgy, 13.VII.1988, leg: Papp J. (HNHM); Pinnye, 2.VI.1915; 12.VI.1915 (3); 5.VI.1916, leg: Streda R. (HNHM); 19.VI.1918, leg: Csiki E. (HNHM); Rakaca: Rakaca-patak, 8.VI.1998, leg: Hegyessy G. (2) (KFM); Regc: Dorg, 30.VII.2001, leg: Hegyessy G. (KFM); Regc: Gyertyn-kt, 27.VII.1993, leg: Hegyessy G. (KFM); Storaljajhely: Kecske-ht, 22.VII.1994, leg: Hegyessy G. (KFM); Sifok, leg: Lichtneckert (2) (HNHM); Sopron, leg: Horvth (HNHM); VII.1923, leg: Streda R. (HNHM); VII.1925, leg: Streda R. (HNHM); Sopron: Grbehalom, 20.VII.1982, leg: Tth S. (SM); Sopron: Lvrek, 10.VII.1954, leg: Kaszab Z. (3) (HNHM); Sopronbnfalva: Brennbergi-vlgy, 14.VII.1954, leg: Kaszab Z. (2) (HNHM); Sukor: Meleg-hegy, 27.VI.1951, leg: Kaszab Z. & Szkessy V. (HNHM); Sukor: Velencei-t part, 26.V.1951, leg: Kaszab Z. & Szkessy V. (4) (HNHM); Smeg, VIII.1906, leg: Gyrffy (2) (HNHM); Szaknyr, 5.VII.1993, leg: Vig K. (SM); Szakonyfalu, 5.VI.1968, leg: Horvatovich S. (HNHM); 8.VI.1977, leg: Horvatovich S. (JPM); Szakonyfalu: Grajka-patak vlgye, 24.VI.1994, leg: Vig K. (SM); Szalaf, 30.VII.1979; 30.VI.1980 (2); 29.V.1982; 8.VII.1986, leg: Podlussny A. (SM); 21-28.V.1983, leg: Rozner I. (SM); Szalaf: Borjas-erd, 200m, 11.VII.1982; 8.VIII.1982, leg: dm L. (SM); Szalaf: Dombok, 9.VI.1985; 13.VI.1985, leg: Szalki D. (SM); Szalaf: Felsszer, 21.VI.1994, leg: Vig K. (SM); Szalaf: Felsszer, Szala-rt, 18.VI.1993 (4); 14.VI.1994; 3.VIII.1993, leg: Vig K. (SM); Szalaf: Szala-rt, 18.VI.1993, leg: Podlussny A. & Rozner I. (SM); Szr, 8.VI.950 [=1950]; 20.VIII.1953, leg: Rvy D. (HNHM); Szkesfehrvr, leg: Lichtneckert (2) (HNHM); Szemes [=Balatonszemes], 7.VI.96 [=1896], coll: Ehmann (HNHM); 6.VII.96 [=1896], coll: Ehmann (HNHM); Szendr: Abodi-patak, 6.VI.2001, leg: Hegyessy G. (KFM); Szendr: Bdsktpuszta, 6.VI.2001, leg: Hegyessy G. (KFM); Szentbkklla: Velte, 1415.VI.1980, leg: Somorjai (HNHM); Szin: Br c-tet, 5.VI.1987, leg: dm L. (HNHM); Szombathely, 20.V.1994, leg: Dankovics R. (SM); Szce, tzegmohs lp, 8.VII.1993, leg: Vig K. (SM); Szce: Szce-patak vlgye, 26.VI.1994, leg: Vig K. (SM); Szgliget: Vidomj, 20.VI.1989, leg: Merkl O. (HNHM); Tabdi, 31.V.1951, leg: Balogh J. (HNHM); Tkos: Bockereki-erd, 31.V6.VI.1967, leg: Horvatovich S. (HNHM); Tarcsa [=Budapest], VII.1902, ex coll: Ehmann (HNHM); Ttika, 22.VI.1961, leg: Kaszab Z. (HNHM); Telkibnya, 10-20.VII.1955, leg: Rcz G. (HNHM); Telkibnya: Csenk-patak, 30.V.2001, leg: Hegyessy G. (KFM); Tihany, 5.V.1934; 8.V.1934 (2); 14.V.1934 (2); 15.V.1934; 17.V.1934, leg: Szkessy V. (HNHM); Tiszasly, 16.VI.1956, leg: Kaszab Z. & Szkessy V. (3) (HNHM); Trizs: Eresztvny-tet, 19.VI.1987, leg: Merkl O. (HNHM); jpest [=Budapest], 27.V.1906, leg: Meusel R. (4) (IRSNB); Upponyi-hegysg, Upponyi-szoros, 9.VII.1993 (3); 10.VII.1993 (2); 11.VII.1993, leg: Fldessy et al. (MM); Uzsa, 11.VI.1986, leg: Vig K. (8) (SM); Vc: Naszly, 1.VII.1985, leg: dm L. (HNHM); Velem: Borha-forrs, 27.VI.1980, leg: Rozner I. (SM); Velemr, 20.VI.1993, leg: Rozner I. (SM); Velence: Velencei-t part, 23.V.1951, leg: Kaszab Z. (HNHM); 5.VI.1951, leg: Sos . (HNHM); Villnyi-hg., Fekete-hegy, 22.VI.1954, leg: Kaszab Z. & Szkessy V. (HNHM); Vindornyaszls, 14.VI.1989, leg: Vig K. (3) (SM); Viszk: Lugosierd, 27.V.1983, leg: Rozner I. (SM); Zagyvaaptfalva, 9-19.VI.1944, leg: Sos (3) (HNHM); Zagyvarna: Kis-rhegy (564 m), 22 27.VII.1944, leg: Gyrfi (HNHM); Zselici TK, Dennai-e. [erd], 4.VII.1985, leg: Petrovics Zs. (JPM).

192

Kroly Vig

ROMANIA Ferenczfalva [=Vliug], coll: Streda R. (2) (HNHM); [Holotypus of Cryptocephalus hypochaeridis transiens ab. Desiderii Kaszab, 1962] (HNHM); [?] Radue, leg: Pvel (HNHM); Radkszinye [=Rzbuneni], 20.V.1991, Ladr Gy. (HNHM). SLOVAKIA Beszt.-bnya [=Bansk Bystrica], coll: Fekete (HNHM); Garamrudn: Felst [=Rudno nad Hronom], 18.VI.1934, leg: Dudich (HNHM); Nagysall [=Tekovsk Luany], 1914, leg: Dudich (HNHM); Rimaszombat [=Rimavsk Sobota], leg: Fekete Gy. (2) (HNHM); VIII.1918, leg: Bokor (HNHM); Rozsny [=Roava], leg: Bartk (HNHM); Selmecbnya: Szitnyahegy [=Bansk tiavnica], 600 m, 25.VI.1961, leg: Endrdy-Y. S. (HNHM); Slovakia, leg: Langhoffer (2) (HNHM); Szdeli-vlgy [=Zdiel], 23.VI.1939, leg: Balogh J. & Kaszab Z. (3) (HNHM); Szaloncza [=Slavnica], coll: Fekete (HNHM); Szilicze [=Silica], 19.VI.1913, leg: Streda (HNHM). DISCUSSION Cryptocephalus solivagus occurs south of the extended axis of Lake Balaton, but some specimens occur also north of that line, where C. hypochaeridis is mainly indigenous. The densest distribution of the latter is in the Budapest area and the Buda Hills (Fig. 1). Species identification of specimens collected in the Budapest area caused difficulty because the morphological features of the aedeagus show intermediate signs between C. hypochaeridis and C. solivagus. In many cases, the identification could rely adequately only on the shape of the first endophallic

Fig. 1. Localities of Cryptocephalus hypochaeridis () and Cryptocephalus solivagus () in the Carpathian Basin

Geographic Distribution Details of Species Belonging to the Cryptocephalus hypochaeridis-group

193

Fig. 2. Aedeagus in ventral (a) and lateral (b) aspect of Cryptocephalus hypochaeridis. Collecting locality of the figured specimen: Hungary, Pilis Hills, Prpost Hill, 2.VI.1943, leg: Csiki E.

Fig. 3. Aedeagus in ventral (a) and lateral (b) aspect of Cryptocephalus hypochaeridis. Collecting locality of the figured specimen: Hungary, Budapest, VII.1939, leg: Steiner J.

Fig. 4. Aedeagus in ventral (a) and lateral (b) aspect of Cryptocephalus hypochaeridis. Collecting locality of the figured specimen: Hungary, Budapest: Jnos Hill

c a b a b a b

Fig. 5. Aedeagus in ventral (a) and lateral (b) aspect of Cryptocephalus hypochaeridis. Collecting locality of the figured specimen: Hungary, Budapest: Kecske Hill, 2.VII.1938, leg: Csiki E.

Fig. 6. Aedeagus in ventral (a) and lateral (b) aspect of Cryptocephalus hypochaeridis . Collecting locality of the figured specimen: Hung ar y, [Mtra Hills], Galyatet, 14.VI.1934, coll: Csiki E.

Fig. 7. Aedeagus in ventral (a) and lateral (b) aspect and the tip of the first endophallic sclerites right hemisclerite in lateral view (c) of Cryptocephalus hypochaeridis. Collecting locality of the figured specimen: Hungary, Gyr, leg: Bokor

Fig. 8. Aedeagus in ventral (a) and lateral (b) aspect of Cryptocephalus hypochaeridis. Collecting locality of the figured specimen: Slovakia, Barlangliget [=Tatransk Kotlina], leg: Gammel

Fig. 9. Aedeagus in ventral (a) and lateral (b) aspect of Cryptocephalus hypochaeridis. Collecting locality of the figured specimen: Slovakia, Ttraszplak [=Tatransk Polianka], 1.VII., leg: Wachsmann

Fig. 10. Aedeagus in ventral (a) and lateral (b) aspect of Cryptocephalus hypochaeridis. Collecting locality of the figured specimen: Croatia, Ludbreg, coll: Apfelbeck

194

Kroly Vig

c c

Fig. 11. Aedeagus in ventral (a) and lateral (b) aspect and the tip of the first endophallic sclerites right hemisclerite in lateral view (c) of Cryptocephalus solivagus. Collecting locality of the figured specimen: Hungary, Debrecen, 2.V.1943

Fig. 12. Aedeagus in ventral (a) and lateral (b) aspect and the tip of the first endophallic sclerites right hemisclerite in lateral view (c) of Cryptocephalus solivagus. Collecting locality of the figured specimen: Romania, Rumunyest [=Romneti], 1882, leg: Pvel

Fig. 13. Localities of Cryptocephalus transiens in the Carpathian Basin

sclerite (Figs. 212). The specimens from where the ranges of the two species overlap show intermediate morphological attributes that points to the existence of a hybrid zone, with introgressive hybridisation accounting for the intermediate forms. The ranges of the two species meet along a relatively narrow belt in the Carpathian Basin, but it is not known what ecological factors contribute to this.

Geographic Distribution Details of Species Belonging to the Cryptocephalus hypochaeridis-group

195

Fig. 14. Aedeagus in ventral (a) and lateral (b) aspect of Cryptocephalus transiens. Collecting locality of the figured specimen: Hungary, Tkos: Bockereki-erd, 31.V6.VI.1967, leg: Horvatovich S.

Fig. 15. Aedeagus in ventral (a) and lateral (b) aspect of Cryptocephalus transiens. Collecting locality of the figured specimen: Hungary, Rzsaszlls [=Pard], 2027.VI.1955, leg: Kakassn & Mihlyi F.

Fig. 16. Aedeagus in ventral (a) and lateral (b) aspect of Cryptocephalus transiens. Collecting locality of the figured specimen: Croatia, Novi, 2.VII.1908, coll: Kanab

In line with expectations, the species Cryptocephalus transiens occurs in the whole of the Carpathian Basin, but only a few specimens from the Great Hungarian Plain and Transylvania were found in the collections examined. This is the commonest of the three species (Fig. 13). There is almost no morphological variation in the aedeagus (Figs. 1416). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am greatly indebted to Alexander Konstantinov (Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA, ARS, Washington, DC) for his invitation to contribute to this book. The author thanks Ott Merkl (HNHM, Budapest), Peter Verdyck (IRSNB, Brussels), Sndor Horvatovich (JPM, Pcs), Gbor Hegyessy (KFM, Storaljajhely), Tibor Kovcs (MM, Gyngys) for the loan of specimens on which this paper is based on. Thanks are due to Carlo Leonardi (Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, Milano) for his valuable help and to Ibolya Schmidt and Pter Vizi (SM, Szombathely) for his assistance. Kroly Vig was supported by the Bolyai Jnos scholarship from the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. REFERENCES
Franz, H. 1949. Zur Kenntnis der Rassenbildung bei einigen Arten der Gattung Cryptocephalus (Coleoptera. Chrysomelidae). Portugaliae Acta Biologica (B), vol. Julio Henriques, 165-195. Kaszab, Z. 1962. LevlbogarakChrysomelidae. In: V. Szkessy (Ed.): Magyarorszg llatvilga (Fauna Hungariae 63), Coleoptera IV, IX(6), 416 pp. Akadmiai Kiad, Budapest. [in Hungarian]. Leonardi, C. and D. Sassi. 2001. Studio critico sulle specie di Cryptocephalus del gruppo hypochaeridis (Linn, 1758) e sulle forme ad esse attribute (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae). Atti della Societ Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civicio di Storia Naturale di Milano, 142: 3-96.

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New Sinozolus Species from China (Coleoptera, Carabidae)

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Part 2. Taxonomy and Biology of other Coleopterous Insects

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I.A. Belousov, I.I. Kabak

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PENSOFT Publishers Sofia Moscow

Konstantinov, Tishechkin, Penev (eds.) 2005 New Sinozolus Species from China Contributions (Coleoptera, Carabidae) 199 to Systematics and Biology of Beetles Papers Celebrating the 80th Birthday of Igor Konstantinovich Lopatin, pp. 199-218

New Sinozolus Species from China (Coleoptera, Carabidae)


I.A. Belousov1, I.I. Kabak2
I.A. Belousov, All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, Podbelskogo 3, St.Petersburg Pushkin 189620, Russia. 2 I.I. Kabak, Institute of Zoology, Ministry of Science and Education, Akademgorodok, Almaty 480060, Kazakhstan.
1

SUMMARY
In the present work, five new taxa of the genus Sinozolus Deuve are described: S. lopatini sp.n. and S. ovalis sp.n. from southern Gansu, S. micrangulus sp.n., S. micrangulus nigricornis ssp.n. and S. setosus sp.n. from different parts of Sichuan Province, southwestern China. Members of the genus are illustrated and keyed. The most important features of the genus, morphometric characters and sexual dimorphism are considered.

KEY WORDS
Carabidae, Bembidiini, Trechini, Zolini, Sinozolus, new taxa, new species, new subspecies, key for determination, sexual dimorphism, Gansu, Sichuan, China.

INTRODUCTION Until recently, the tribe Zolini was known only from the Southern Hemisphere. In 1997, Th. Deuve has described the genus Sinozolus the first member of the tribe discovered in the Northern Hemisphere (Deuve, 1997). Though similar in the major points to its relatives from the Southern Hemisphere, the new genus exhibits some essential differences that have inclined Th. Deuve to establish a new subtribe - Sinozolini - to include this genus. The information about the distribution, habitat preferences, variation, etc. of the genus members remained quite restricted, since only a few specimens were known. The genus was found in central Sichuan, in a relatively well-explored region near the town of Barkam. In the present paper, a further four new species are introduced into the science, namely: S. lopatini sp.n. and S. ovalis sp.n. from Gansu, S. micrangulus sp.n. with subspecies S. micrangulus nigricornis ssp.n. and S. setosus sp.n. from Sichuan. Similarly to our previous works (e.g. Belousov & Kabak 2003), the morphometric characters are widely used in this paper. In the text, we give only the most important morphometric features. All other ratios, to improve readability, are removed from the text in separate tables (Tables

Table 1. Morphometric characters of Sinozolus species. L3/W3 L3/L2 PL/PB PA/PB EW/HW EL/BH EL/Ti Ti/Ta

200

species

HW/FW EyL/TL

lopatini

both sexes

values

mls

n values

fms

n values

I.A. Belousov, I.I. Kabak

ovalis

Mls

micrangulus

both sexes

n values n values

mls

n values

fms

n values

nigricornis

both sexes

mls

fms

yuae

mls

setosus

both sexes

n values n values n values n values n values

mls

n values

fms

n values

1.37-1.47 (1.43) 16 1.39-1.47 (1.43) 10 1.37-1.45 (1.41) 6 1.46 1 1.34-1.47 (1.40) 16 1.34-1.47 (1.41) 9 1.36-1.43 (1.39) 7 1.36-1.44 2 1.44 1 1.36 1 1.41 1 1.30-1.39 (1.36) 17 1.32-1.39 (1.36) 9 1.30-1.38 (1.36) 8

1.86-2.85 (2.18) 15 1.94-2.85 (2.24) 9 1.86-2.31 (2.08) 6 2.24 1 1.87-2.67 (2.24) 16 1.87-2.58 (2.24) 9 1.88-2.67 (2.24) 7 1.88-2.00 2 2.00 1 1.88 1 2.50 1 2.22-3.40 (2.68) 18 2.22-3.40 (2.73) 10 2.23-3.00 (2.61) 8

2.67-3.08 (2.87) 16 2.70-3.08 (2.88) 10 2.67-3.03 (2.85) 6 2.59 1 2.46-2.78 (2.60) 16 2.50-2.78 (2.60) 9 2.46-2.76 (2.60) 7 2.67-2.75 2 2.75 1 2.67 1 2.67 1 2.33-2.67 (2.50) 18 2.33-2.67 (2.49) 10 2.42-2.67 (2.50) 8

1.65-1.95 (1.80) 16 1.68-1.95 (1.83) 10 1.65-1.86 (1.76) 6 1.70 1 1.50-1.72 (1.64) 16 1.61-1.72 (1.67) 9 1.50-1.63 (1.59) 7 1.70-1.79 2 1.79 1 1.70 1 1.60 1 1.40-1.71 (1.55) 18 1.40-1.69 (1.55) 10 1.45-1.71 (1.56) 8

1.42-1.55 (1.52) 16 1.52-1.55 (1.54) 10 1.42-1.52 (1.49) 6 1.51 1 1.38-1.58 (1.47) 16 1.39-1.58 (1.47) 9 1.38-1.52 (1.46) 7 1.43-1.52 2 1.52 1 1.43 1 1.47 1 1.36-1.49 (1.42) 18 1.36-1.47 (1.41) 10 1.36-1.49 (1.44) 8

1.23-1.33 (1.29) 16 1.26-1.33 (1.29) 10 1.23-1.29 (1.27) 6 1.29 1 1.24-1.37 (1.30) 16 1.24-1.36 (1.28) 9 1.27-1.37 (1.32) 7 1.25-1.26 2 1.25 1 1.26 1 1.35 1 1.24-1.38 (1.32) 18 1.24-1.38 (1.31) 10 1.27-1.38 (1.32) 8

1.84-2.00 (1.91) 16 1.84-1.92 (1.88) 10 1.89-2.00 (1.95) 6 2.19 1 1.85-1.98 (1.92) 16 1.85-1.94 (1.89) 9 1.94-1.98 (1.96) 7 1.86-2.01 2 1.86 1 2.01 1 1.92 1 1.85-2.13 (1.96) 18 1.85-1.99 (1.92) 10 1.95-2.13 (2.01) 8

2.42-2.64 (2.52) 14 2.42-2.63 (2.51) 10 2.44-2.64 (2.54) 4 2.38 1 2.39-2.65 (2.52) 16 2.39-2.65 (2.50) 9 2.46-2.64 (2.54) 7 2.37-2.54 2 2.37 1 2.54 1 2.50 1 2.12-2.72 (2.41) 17 2.12-2.72 (2.35) 9 2.36-2.66 (2.48) 8

2.18-2.43 (2.26) 14 2.18-2.27 (2.22) 9 2.23-2.43 (2.32) 5 2.26 1 2.20-2.51 (2.31) 14 2.20-2.35 (2.26) 7 2.28-2.51 (2.37) 7 2.09-2.27 2 2.09 1 2.27 1 2.19 1 2.04-2.39 (2.18) 16 2.04-2.21 (2.12) 10 2.15-2.39 (2.27) 6

1.13-1.24 (1.17) 14 1.13-1.20 (1.17) 9 1.13-1.24 (1.18) 5 1.14 1 1.16-1.27 (1.22) 14 1.16-1.27 (1.23) 7 1.19-1.25 (1.22) 7 1.23-1.26 2 1.26 1 1.23 1 1.16 1 1.16-1.26 (1.21) 16 1.18-1.26 (1.21) 10 1.16-1.24 (1.20) 6

Table 2. Elytral chaetotaxy of Sinozolus species, in percent to length of elytra. D2 D3 U1 U2 U3 U4 U5 U6 U7 U8

species

D1

lopatini

both sexes values

mls

n values

fms

n values

ovalis

n values n micrangulus both sexes values

mls

mls

n values

fms

n values

nigricornis

yuae

setosus

n both sexes values n mls values n fms values n mls values n both sexes values

New Sinozolus Species from China (Coleoptera, Carabidae)

mls

n values

fms

n values

201

18-36 (22) 16 19-36 (23) 10 18-23 (21) 6 16 1 18-23 (20) 16 18-23 (20) 9 19-21 (20) 7 20-21 2 20 1 21 1 12 1 16-22 (19) 18 16-22 (19) 10 16-21 (18) 8

39-47 (43) 15 39-46 (43) 9 40-47 (44) 6 34 1 38-49 (45) 16 38-49 (45) 9 41-48 (44) 7 45-46 2 46 1 45 1 43 1 44-49 (46) 18 44-49 (46) 10 44-49 (46) 8

69-77 (73) 16 69-75 (72) 10 69-77 (74) 6 68 1 67-77 (72) 16 67-77 (72) 9 69-75 (73) 7 73-73 2 73 1 73 1 73 1 73-79 (77) 18 75-79 (76) 10 73-78 (77) 8

13-15 (14) 16 13-15 (14) 10 13-15 (14) 6 15 1 13-16 (14) 16 13-16 (15) 9 13-15 (14) 7 15-17 2 17 1 15 1 15 1 11-15 (13) 18 12-14 (13) 10 11-15 (13) 8

21-23 (22) 16 21-23 (22) 10 21-22 (21) 6 23 1 20-24 (22) 16 20-24 (22) 9 20-24 (22) 7 22-23 2 23 1 22 1 22 1 18-22 (20) 18 19-22 (20) 10 18-21 (20) 8

27-30 (29) 16 27-30 (29) 10 28-29 (29) 6 32 1 26-31 (28) 16 26-31 (28) 9 27-31 (29) 7 27-30 2 30 1 27 1 31 1 24-28 (27) 18 25-28 (27) 10 24-28 (27) 8

34-45 (39) 16 34-42 (39) 10 38-45 (41) 6 42 1 35-42 (38) 16 35-42 (39) 9 36-40 (38) 7 36-39 2 39 1 36 1 39 1 29-39 (35) 18 29-37 (34) 10 33-39 (36) 8

54-64 (60) 16 54-64 (60) 10 55-61 (59) 6 61 1 59-64 (61) 16 59-64 (61) 9 59-63 (61) 7 59-59 2 59 1 59 1 61 1 54-62 (59) 18 54-61 (58) 10 57-62 (59) 8

64-69 (66) 16 64-69 (66) 10 64-67 (66) 6 67 1 64-67 (66) 16 64-67 (66) 9 65-67 (66) 7 65-67 2 65 1 67 1 67 1 62-68 (65) 18 62-68 (64) 10 63-68 (66) 8

78-83 (81) 15 79-83 (81) 10 78-83 (81) 5 79 1 79-83 (81) 16 79-82 (81) 9 80-83 (81) 7 82-83 2 82 1 83 1 82 1 70-81 (74) 18 70-81 (74) 10 72-78 (75) 8

84-89 (87) 15 84-89 (87) 10 87-87 (87) 5 87 1 85-88 (86) 16 85-87 (86) 9 85-88 (86) 7 87-88 2 87 1 88 1 88 1 78-88 (83) 18 78-88 (83) 10 81-85 (83) 8

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1-2). The elytra length was measured from the humeral tooth to the apex of the elytra, total length from the anterior margin of the labre (i.e. without mandibles) to the elytral apex. The length of antennal segment 3 was measured from the narrowest part at its base to the apex, that of segment 2 from the emargination on its anterior surface to the apex. To characterize the chaetotaxy of the elytra, we used the umbilicate and discal formulae in which the location of pores is described in percent to the length of the elytra. In much the same way, the position of the anterior lateral seta of the pronotum was estimated relative to the length of the latter. Under the material section, the number of specimens studied is followed by the number of genitalic preparations given in parentheses. Abbreviations used in the text are: ZISP = Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg; IZK = Institute of Zoology of Ministry of Science and Education of Kazakhstan, Almaty; MNHN = Musum Nationale dHistoire Naturelle, Paris; MPU = Pedagogical University of Moscow; cAG = collection of A. Gitzen, Neuhofen; cAK = collection of A. Koval, St. Petersburg; cBK = collection of the authors, St. Petersburg; AL = length of antennae; BH (=BHeight) = body height; EL = length of elytra; EW = width of elytra; EyL = length of eye in dorsal view; FW = minimal distance between eyes; HW = width of head across eyes; L2 = length of antennomere 2; L3 = length of antennomere 3; PA = width of pronotum at anterior margin; PB = width of pronotum at base; PL = length of pronotum; PW = maximum width of pronotum; Ta = length of hind tarsus; Ti = length of hind tibia; TL = maximum length of temple (=tempora, =gena) in dorsal view; W3 = width of antennomere 3; D1-D3 = location of discal setiferous pores 1-3 on elytra, in percent; U1-U8 = location of umbilicate pores 1-8 on elytra, in percent. Genus Sinozolus Deuve 1997 Sinozolus Deuve, 1997: 32, figs. 1-3 (type species Sinozolus yuae Deuve, 1997, by monotypy). The genus Sinozolus was described by Th. Deuve for a single species, S. yuae Deuve (Deuve, 1997). The discovery of new species allows us to estimate the diagnostic features of the genus based on more extensive material. Description. Length 3.34-4.25 mm. Body ovate, convex, strongly constricted at base of pronotum. Elytra ovoid, their maximum height situated near mid-length. Appendages long and rather

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thick. Color from brownish to blackish, with more or less distinct metallic luster, legs and antennae either uniformly reddish-brown or hind tarsi, femora and middle part of antennae weakly obscured. Microsculpture lacking, but distinct on occipital area, isodiametric. Both dorsal and ventral surfaces micropunctured throughout. Head of medium size, 1.15-1.27 times narrower than width of pronotum, eyes medium-sized, ovate and subconvex. Frontal furrows incomplete, arcuate, deeply impressed in anterior and middle parts, reduced behind eyes. Front with unpaired longitudinal or foveolate median impression. Disc of clypeus convex, with one seta on each side (as in most of Bembidiini). Frontal areas irregularly and rather roughly rugose near eyes. Genae with a few sparse and long hairs. Cutting edge of right mandible with a small denticle above and bidentate tooth below, which superimposed when viewed dorsally, denticles of lower tooth widely separate by long and shallow emargination. Penultimate segment of maxillary palpi densely and regularly pubescent, ultimate conic and glabrous. Antennae of moderate length, approximately as long as elytra (AL/EL 0.941.06). Submental suture distinguishable, 6 submental setae (not 4 as indicted by Th. Deuve who sometimes does not take into account the subangular setae) of which subangular and median ones considerably shorter. Ligula prominent, subacuminate, with a pair of median setae located so closely to each another that may appear as one median seta, paraglossae moderately narrow, falcate, distinctly longer than ligula. Labial tooth well-defined, rather long though much shorter than lateral lobes, strongly bifid and grooved ventrally, bordered at base. Disc of mentum with two setae near base of labial tooth. Pronotum elongate, 1.09-1.24 times as wide as long, strongly cordiform, its base 1.67-1.79 times narrower than its width at broadest point, lateral sides gradually arcuate in anterior half, broadly rounded or subrectilinear in posterior one, distlinctly sinuate before hind angles, latter variable in shape (Figs. 1-6), from subrectangular to large and acute, produced backwards and/or outwards, usually pointed apically. Lateral border thin, continuous in some species, discontinuous in others, lateral margins distinctly reflexed only near anterior lateral seta. Anterior angles indistinct or marked, according to species. Posterior margin of pronotum straight or bisinuate; in some species, with a small but well-defined emargination near hind angles. Basal surface more or less strongly punctured. Basal foveae either comparatively large and deep or small and shallow. Apical transverse impression, at most, distinct laterally. Median line well-engraved, not reaching anterior margin, deepest at level of prebasal transverse impression. Latter deep but vaguely delimited. Anterior lateral seta located approximately in anterior third or quarter of pronotum length (index 20.8-35.8%). Elytra (Figs. 7-12) ovate-oblong, with maximum width near or slightly before mid-length, 1.29-1.54 times as long as wide, 1.50-1.76 times as wide as pronotum and 2.58-2.93 times as long as pronotum. Disc of elytra strongly convex except for apical third which may be slightly flattened in some species. Shoulders broadly rounded, humeral tooth rather strongly prominent. Lateral margins narrowly to moderately beaded and reflexed. Stria 1 always deep and continuous, stria 2 deeply engraved on disc though shortened both anteriorly and posteriorly, stria 3, according to species, continuous or discontinuous, stria 4, at most, shallowly traced at base or in middle, other striae normally completely reduced. All striae moderately to indistinctly punctate, often with slight depressions causing wavy strial edges. Scutellary striole, if present, located between stria 1 and elytral suture, but usually more or less fused with stria 1. Recurrent (=apical) striole completely reduced. Interval 3 with row of 3-4 setiferous pores, adjoining mostly stria 3, espe-

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2-1

2-2

6-1

6-2

Figs. 1-6. Pronotum of Sinozolus species. 1 S. yuae Deuve, holotype; 2 S. lopatini sp.n.; 3 - S. ovalis sp.n.; 4 S. micrangulus micrangulus ssp.n.; 5 S. micrangulus nigricornis ssp.n.; 6 S. setosus sp.n. Scale 0.5 mm.

10

11

12

Figs. 7-12. Left elytron of Sinozolus species. 7 S. yuae Deuve, holotype; 8 S. lopatini sp.n.; 9 - S. ovalis sp.n.; 10 S. micrangulus micrangulus ssp.n.; 11 S. micrangulus nigricornis ssp.n.; 12 S. setosus sp.n. Scale 1 mm.

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cially so concerning posterior ones. Intervals 4-5 either without setiferous pores in some species or with 1-3 pores attached to striae 4-5 in others. Scutellary pore well developed. Usually 8, more rarely 9-10 pores in umbilicate series, additional pore located between humeral and median groups and/or between median and subapical groups of umbilicate series. Contrary to the indication of Th. Deuve, we think that the members of Sinozolus do not have the preapical setiferous pore on the elytra. Instead, they have a pore homologous to the exterior pore of the apical triangle in Trechini. Thus, they are characterized by a primitive stage with a complete set of pores along the elytral margins: 4 + (1) + 2 + (1) +2 + 2 and lacking preapical pore. Two posterior pores are located near the elytral apex in the area which is usually bordered by the apical recurrent striole. Since this one is completely reduced in Sinozolus, the exterior pore seems to be much more isolated, but its position relative to both the elytral striae and umbilicate pores 7-8 remains quite typical and allows correct recognizing. The apical triangle is a more advanced condition when the posterior discal setiferous pore is displaced towards the two apical pores and forms with them a rather compact assemblage on the apical declivity of the elytra. Three middle visible ventrites, each with a pair of paramedian setae. Anal ventrite of male with a pair, that of female with two pairs of setae along its posterior margin. Male protarsi with two basal tarsomeres dilated, tarsomere 1 oblong, tarsomere 2 subquadrate, both with denticles on inner apical corner. Additionally, tarsomere 1 with a double adhesive organs beneath, tarsomere 2 with an unpaired small row of adhesive setae. Front tibiae not grooved on exterior surface, sparsely pubescent on anterior one. Male genitalia (Figs. 13-17) in main features resemble those of Bembidiini. Median lobe of aedeagus rather short, strongly depressed laterally, with opened basal orifice and broadly round-

13

14

15

16

16a

16b

17

Figs. 13-17. Aedeagus of Sinozolus species; a left paramera, b right paramera. 13 S. yuae Deuve, holotype; 14 S. lopatini sp.n.; 15 - S. ovalis sp.n.; 16 S. micrangulus micrangulus ssp.n.; 17 S. setosus sp.n. Scale 0.5 mm.

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ed or truncate apex. Endophallus armature consisting of a characteristically twisted lamella which has a remote similarity to that of some primitive Bembidiini, such as Amerizus Chaudoir or members of the subgenus Sinechostictus Motschulsky (including Pseudolimnaeum Kraatz). Parameres of unequal size, left one (if consider it in functioning position) is much larger and wider, triangular in shape, right one narrow, each bearing 5-7 apical setae. Female genitalia without sclerotized spermatheca but with a long well-defined spermathecal gland, gonapophyses with rather narrow and acuminate stylus. Thus, the female genitalia of Sinozolus are similar to those of the Trechini and primitive Bembidiini, such as Amerizus and do not fall into a three- component pattern of the advanced Bembidiini (Schuler, 1971). In our opinion, this fact rather supports the traditional unification of Bembidiini and Trechini in one natural division and suggests that the evolved condition of the female genitalia has developed within the tribe Bembidiini. Sexual dimorphism. Females of Sinozolus members are, on average, larger (Graph 1), and have proportionally greater elytra (Graph 2: EL/PL, EW/HW; Graph 4: EW/PW) and larger pronotum relative to the head width (Graph 3: PW/HW). Thus, in this respect, all the known species of Sinozolus turn out to be opposite to most of Trechus species. Similarly to most of the Trechus species groups, males of Sinozolus are characterized by the elytra a little narrower (Graph 4: EL/EW) and both the antennae and the legs longer than in females (Graph 2: EL/Ti; Graph 3: AL/EL). All the above ratios are typically subject to sexual dimorphism in Trechini and Bembidiini. Additionally, females of Sinozolus possess the pronotum somewhat more transverse (Graph 3, PW/PL), and elytra a little less convex (Graph 2). Notes. Except for some minor details, the diagnosis of the genus given by Th. Deuve has been corroborated in view of new species discovered. All members of the genus are distinct in having the recurrent striole completely reduced, double rows of adhesive setae on the first dilated tarsomere in males, lack of the apical triangle on the apical declivity of the elytra, six submental setae, and the same structure of the maxillary palpi including the strongly pubescent penultimate and glabrous and conic ultimate palpomeres. Distribution. The discovery of new species extends the genus range that covers now the most part of Sichuan Province and an adjacent southern area of Gansu Province. These data

Graph 1. Sexual dimorphism of Sinozolus species, body size

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Graph 2. Sexual dimorphism of Sinozolus species, relative size of elytra

Graph 3. Sexual dimorphism of Sinozolus species

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Graph 4. Sexual dimorphism of Sinozolus species

suggest that we should expect further findings in neighboring provinces of China that may strengthen zoogeographic relations of Chinese-Tibetan region with extant fragments of Hondwana. Habitats. Most of the genus members were found at comparatively high elevations between 3400 and 4100 m a.s.l. Only two specimens were found at elevations lower than or equal to 3000 m. The Sinozolus species seem to be associated with alluvial deposits on the banks of mountain streams. Sinozolus yuae Deuve (Figs. 1, 7, 13) Sinozolus yuae Deuve, 1997: 32, figs. 1-3 (type locality 70 km au N-N-O de Barkam). Material examined: Holotype: 1 (1) male (MNHN), China - NW Sichuan, 4000 m, Mts. 70 km NNW Barkam, 21.07.1995, alpine region; Sinozolus yuae n. gen., n. sp. Holotype Th. DEUVE det., 1997; HOLOTYPE. We redescribe this species bearing in mind its relationships with new taxa, with special reference to its proportions and diagnostic features. All ratios are calculated based on the holotype. Description. Length 3.69 mm. Body short and ovate, strongly convex, constricted at base of pronotum. Appendages rather long and thick. Color reddish-brown, with weak metallic luster, legs uniformly yellowish-brown, antennae vaguely obscured beginning with apical half of antennomere 3, proximal parts distinctly lighter even in antennomeres 1-2; antennomeres 4-5 darkest. Head of medium size, 1.21 times narrower than width of pronotum, eyes medium-sized, ovate and subconvex. Frontal furrows arcuate, impressed in anterior and middle parts, more strongly toward their posterior end. With longitudinal median impression. Frontal areas near

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eyes irregularly and shallowly rugulose. Genae hairy. Antennae of moderate length, about as long as elytra, antennomere 3 1.07 times as long as eye diameter. Pronotum (Fig. 1) strongly cordiform, 1.21 times as wide as long, constricted at base, which 1.78 times narrower than its maximum width, lateral sides gradually arcuate almost throughout, deeply sinuate only before hind angles, latter large, rectangular, somewhat blunt at apex. Lateral border well-defined over entire length though relatively thin, distinctly widened near anterior lateral seta. Anterior angles hardly noticeable. Both anterior and posterior margins straight. Latter without distinct emargination near hind angles. Basal surface moderately deeply and roughly punctured. Basal foveae of medium size, average in depth. Apical transverse impression distinct laterally, disappearing medially. Median line well-engraved, not reaching anterior margin, deepest at level of prebasal transverse impression. Latter vaguely delimited. Anterior lateral seta in anterior quarter on pronotum length (25%). Elytra (Fig. 7) ovoid, with maximum width near mid-length, 1.44 times as long as wide, 1.59 times as wide and 2.76 times as long as pronotum. Shoulders broadly rounded, humeral tooth narrow, relatively prominent, well marked when viewed from above and behind. Lateral margins moderately beaded and reflexed, more narrowly anteriorly. Striae 1-2 deeply and sharply engraved on elytral disc, stria 3 well defined between discal setiferous pores 1 and 3 (latter is homologous to pore 2 in other species), gradually disappearing anteriorly and posteriorly, though slightly marked near setiferous pore 4, outer striae beginning with stria 4 reduced. All striae moderately punctured, more distinctly in anterior half of elytra. Interval 3 with a series of 4 setiferous pores (compared with allied taxa, the second pore is supernumerary). Interval 5 with a single setiferous pore ranging about level of anterior pore on interval 3 and located much closer to it than the latter to discal pore 2. Both scutellary pore and stria well developed. Eight pores in umbilicate series. Aedeagus (Fig. 13) rather large, gradually and moderately arcuate. Endophallus armature of medium size, its distal portion average, separated from remainder by comparatively deep incision. Apical lamella narrow and broadly rounded distally. Notes. The first described species of the genus is unique in its elytral chaetotaxy: 4 discal setiferous pores in stria 3 and one on the site of stria 4 or interval 5 (its exact location may be determined only presumably because of the complete reduction of external striae). As a result of the presence of a supernumerary discal seta in stria 3, the anterior discal pore is considerably displaced anteriad as compared with other congeners (index 12% vs. more than 16% in counterparts). The lack of the posterior lateral setae of the pronotum indicated by Th. Deuve, must be kept as a diagnostic feature only with reservation, since all pronotal setae are broken in the holotype specimen and the pores of the posterior lateral setae are distinguishable though less distinct than those of the anterior setae. Moreover, these pores are very similar to those in some other species of the genus where they are supplied with normally developed setae. Distribution. According to the geographic label, the species was collected 70 km NNW of the town of Barkam in northwestern Sichuan. As far as we know, this information is not absolutely precise, and the species was really captured WSW of Barkam. Habitats. S. yuae was encountered in the alpine zone at an elevation of 4000 m a.s.l. Sinozolus lopatini Belousov & Kabak, sp. n. (Figs. 2, 8, 14) Holotype: male (ZISP), China, S Gansu, SSW of Minxian, W Qilian Shan Mt. R., 9 km W of Kunda, H=3400 m, 8.07.2002 (Belousov & Kabak leg.) [34o 09 10" N / 103o 45 25" E].

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Paratypes: 43 (4) males, 20 females, (ZISP, IZK, MPU, cBK, cAG, cAK), collected with holotype. 16 specimens are measured. Description. Length 3.62-4.25 mm (on average, 3.87 in males and 3.98 in females). Body elongate and ovate, strongly convex, constricted at base of pronotum. Appendages rather long and thick Color pitchy-brown, with distinct metallic luster, legs reddish-brown, hind tarsi barely darkened, antennae vaguely obscured beginning with apical half of antennomere 2 or 3, though proximal parts distinctly lighter even in antennomeres 1-2. Head of medium size, 1.16-1.27 (1.20) times narrower than width of pronotum, eyes average, ovate and subconvex. Frontal furrows arcuate, impressed in anterior and middle parts. Frons with longitudinal or foveolate unpaired median impression. Frontal areas near eyes rather roughly rugulose. Genae with a few sparse and long hairs. Antennae of moderate length, 0.98-1.06 times (on average 1.04 in males and 1.00 in females) as long as elytra, antennomere 3 1.03-1.23 (1.13) times as long as eye diameter. Pronotum (Fig. 2) elongate, 1.09-1.18 (1.13) times as wide as long, strongly cordiform, its basal constricted portion attenuated, base 1.67-1.77 (1.72) times narrower than its width at broadest point, lateral sides gradually arcuate in anterior half, subrectilinear in posterior one, deeply sinuate before hind angles, latter large, variable in shape (Figs. 2-1 and 2-2), from rectangular to acute, produced backwards and outwards, usually pointed apically. Lateral border continuous, welldefined over entire length though relatively thin, distinctly widened near anterior lateral seta. Anterior angles indistinct. Anterior margin salient medially, posterior one usually concave medially, clearly sinuate laterally near hind angles. Basal surface deeply and roughly longitudinally strigose and punctured. Basal foveae rather large and deep. Apical transverse impression very shallow, distinctly defined only laterally. Median line well-engraved, not reaching anterior margin, deepest at level of prebasal transverse impression. Latter deep but vaguely delimited. Anterior lateral seta located approximately in anterior third of pronotum length, index 25.2-32.2 (28.1)%. Elytra (Fig. 8) ovate-oblong, with maximum width near or slightly before mid-length, 1.46-1.54 times (on average 1.51 in males and 1.49 in females) as long as wide, 1.50-1.66 times (on average 1.58 in males and 1.61 in females) as wide as pronotum and 2.58-2.82 times (on average 2.68 in males, 2.76 in females) as long as pronotum. Disc of elytra strongly convex except for apical third (which is slightly flattened). Shoulders broadly rounded, humeral tooth very strongly prominent, with small carina perpendicular to humeral edge. Lateral margins rather narrowly beaded and reflexed. Stria 1 deep and continuous, stria 2 shortened anteriorly and posteriorly though deeply and sharply engraved on disc, stria 3 developed mostly between discal setiferous pores 1 and 2, fragmentary between pores 2 and 3, stria 4 sometimes hardly noticeable slightly behind middle, other striae completely reduced. All striae moderately to slightly punctate, more distinctly in anterior half of elytra. Interval 3 with row of 3 setiferous pores, adjoining mostly stria 3, especially so concerning posterior ones. Interval 5 without setiferous pores. Both scutellary pore and stria developed. Usually 8, more rarely 9 pores in umbilicate series, in latter case additional pore located between humeral and median groups of umbilicate series. Aedeagus (Fig. 14) largest among all known species of the genus. Median lobe is strongly curved, especially so in apical third. Apical lamella massive and subacuminate. Endophallus armature large, its distal portion more strongly developed as compared with other congeners, incision in adjacent part of endophallus armature very large and deep. Notes. The new species is easily distinguished from S. yuae Deuve by only 3 discal setiferous pores in stria 3 and lack of the external discal setiferous pore. Additionally, the aedeagus of the new species is somewhat larger, markedly more strongly curved in its distal portion, with consid-

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erably longer, more massive, and subacuminate apical lamella. Additionally, its pronotum is much narrower (PW/PL 1.09-1.16 vs. 1.21 for males of both species) and elytra longer (EL/EW 1.481.54 vs. 1.44 in S. yuae). Distribution. Southern Gansu, SSW of Minxian, eastern part of the Qilian Shan Mountain Range, 9 km west of the village of Kunda. Habitats. The species was collected on sable and pebble banks of a mountain stream at an elevation of 3400 m a.s.l. Etymology. We are pleased to name this species in honor of the world-known entomologist, eminent specialist in the family Chrysomelidae, Prof. I.K. Lopatin (Minsk). Sinozolus ovalis Belousov & Kabak, sp. n. (Figs. 3, 9, 15) Holotype: male (ZISP), China, S Gansu, SSW of Minxian, Die Shan, SW of Balukoudaoban, NE slope, 3000 m, 3.07.2002 (Belousov & Kabak leg.) [34o 13 50" N / 103o 54 25" E]. Description. Length 3.39 mm. Body elongate and ovate, strongly convex, constricted at base of pronotum. Appendages rather long and thick. Color pitchy-brown, with distinct metallic luster, legs reddish-brown, hind tarsi barely darkened, antennae vaguely obscured beginning with apical half of antennomere 3, though proximal parts distinctly lighter even in antennomeres 1-2. Head of medium size, 1.24 times narrower than width of pronotum, eyes medium-sized, ovate and subconvex. Frontal furrows arcuate, impressed in anterior and middle parts. Frons with longitudinal or foveolate median impression. Disc of clypeus convex. Frontal areas near eyes irregularly rugulose. Genae hairy. Antennae rather long, 1.06 times as long as elytra, their 3rd antennomere 1.08 times as long as eye diameter. Pronotum (Fig. 3) slightly transverse, 1.16 times as wide as long, strongly cordiform, its basal constricted portion of medium length, base 1.76 times narrower than maximum width of pronotum. Lateral sides gradually arcuate in anterior half, slightly convex in posterior one, deeply sinuate before hind angles, latter large, subrectangular, produced slightly backwards and outwards, pointed apically. Lateral border continuous, well-defined throughout, relatively thin, distinctly widened near anterior lateral seta. Anterior angles barely marked. Anterior margin straight, posterior one rectilinear medially, sinuate laterally near hind angles. Basal surface rather roughly but sparsely punctate. Basal foveae relatively large and deep. Apical transverse impression very shallow, distinct only laterally. Median line well-engraved, not reaching anterior margin, deepest at level of prebasal transverse impression. Latter deep but not sharply outlined. Anterior lateral seta located approximately in anterior third of pronotum length (index 28.5%). Elytra (Fig. 9) ovoid, very short, with maximum width near mid-length, 1.29 times as long as wide, 1.76 times as wide as pronotum and 2.64 times as long as pronotum. Disc of elytra evenly convex. Shoulders broadly rounded, humeral tooth strongly prominent. Lateral margins rather narrowly beaded and reflexed. Stria 1 deep and continuous, stria 2 shortened anteriorly and posteriorly though deeply and sharply engraved on disc, stria 3 developed mostly between discal setiferous pores 1 and 2, shallowly traced between pores 2 and 3, other striae reduced. All striae indistinctly punctate. Inner intervals convex in basal half of elytra. Interval 3 with series of 3 discal setiferous pores, adjoining mostly stria 3, though anterior one weakly removed from it onto interval 3. Interval 5 without setiferous pores. Both scutellary pore and stria developed. Umbilicate series consisting of 8 pores. Aedeagus (Fig. 15) of medium size, with characteristically truncate apex. Distal portion of endophallus armature average, adjacent incision comparatively large and deep.

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Notes. Doubtless, the new species is most closely related to S. lopatini sp.n. Both species share the same most important external characters including the chaetotaxy of elytra, reduced pattern of the elytral striation (Figs. 8-9), strongly developed humeral tooth and some other features of minor importance. The close relationships of these species are supported as well by their geographic distribution, since these species originate from the two neighboring mountain systems. Nonetheless, S. ovalis sp.n. differs readily from S. lopatini sp.n. by its smaller size (3.39 mm vs. 3.62-4.08 in males of S. lopatini sp.n.) and less elongate elytra which are not flattened in posterior third (EL/EW = 1.29 vs. 1.48-1.54; EW/HW = 2.19 vs. 1.84-1.92; EW/PW = 1.76 vs. 1.50-1.61 in males of S. lopatini sp.n.). Of great importance is that S. ovalis sp.n. is clearly distinguished by the male genitalia: the apex of the aedeagus is strongly truncate being extraordinarily contrasting in this respect with the massive and subacuminate apex of S. lopatini sp.n. Additionally, the elytral striae are slightly deeper, less distinctly punctured, intervals more convex in the basal part of the elytra; discal setiferous pore 2 located closer to the elytral base (index 34% vs. 39-46% in males of S. lopatini sp.n.), and umbilicate pore 3, on the contrary, removed more strongly apart from the elytral base (32% vs. 27-30% in males of S. lopatini sp.n.). The above differences in the elytral chaetotaxy and striation are not as striking as in the proportions of the body and may be overlapped when more specimens of S. ovalis sp.n. will be available. Distribution. S. ovalis originates from a small mountain range situated east of the mountains populated by S. lopatini sp.n. The areas of two species seem to be separated by the valley of the Sangbagou River. Habitats. The only known male specimen of this species was collected on the bank of a small mountain spring in the forest zone, at an elevation of 3000 m a.s.l Sinozolus micrangulus Belousov & Kabak, sp. n. (Figs. 4-5, 10-11, 16) Description. Length 3.46-4.15 mm. Body more or less oblong, ovate, strongly convex, constricted at base of pronotum. Appendages rather long and thick. Color from pitchy-brown to pitchy-black, with distinct metallic luster. Head of medium size, 1.17-1.27 times narrower than width of pronotum, eyes mediumsized, ovate and weakly convex. Frontal furrows arcuate, impressed in anterior and middle parts. Frons with median impression. Disc of clypeus convex. Frontal areas near eyes irregularly rugulose. Genae with a few sparse and long hairs. Antennae of moderate length, 0.94-1.04 times as long as elytra, antennomere 3 0.94-1.18 times as long as eye diameter. Pronotum (Figs. 4-5) moderately to slightly transverse, 1.13-1.24 times as wide as long, strongly cordiform, its basal portion of medium length or shortened, base of pronotum 1.67-1.79 times narrower than its width at broadest point. Lateral sides more strongly arcuate anteriorly, slightly convex posteriorly, more or less strongly sinuate before hind angles, latter small or medium-sized, subrectangular, produced mostly backwards, usually pointed apically. Lateral border continuous, though thin, marginal gutter a little widened near anterior lateral seta. Anterior angles effaced or hardly marked. Anterior margin straight or slightly convex medially, posterior one usually slightly bisinuate, briefly but deeply sinuate near hind angles. Basal surface comparatively sparsely or densely punctured. Basal foveae not large, rather deep. Apical transverse impression distinct laterally, vaguely traced or lacking medially. Median line well-engraved, not reaching anterior margin, deepest at level of prebasal transverse impression. Latter not deep and vaguely delimited. Anterior lateral seta located approximately in anterior third of pronotum length, index 21.0-35.8 %.

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Elytra (Figs. 10-11) relatively short compared with remainder body, ovate-oblong, with maximum width near or slightly before mid-length, 1.42-1.54 times as long as wide, 1.52-1.66 times as wide as pronotum and 2.58-2.93 times as long as pronotum. Disc of elytra strongly convex except for apical third which is barely flattened. Humeral tooth variable, more or less prominent. Lateral margins moderately or narrowly beaded and reflexed. Compared with other species, striation of elytra more strongly developed and punctured: 3 sharply engraved for much of its length, stria 4 or stria 5 distinct on disc slightly behind middle. Interval 3 usually with row of 3 (rarely 4) setiferous pores, adjoining mostly stria 3. Interval 5 without setiferous pores. Both scutellary pore and stria developed. Usually 8, more rarely 9 pores in umbilicate series; in latter case, additional pore located mostly between median and subapical groups of umbilicate series. Aedeagus (Fig. 16) rather small and slender, its ventral side nearly rectilinear in apical third, apex evenly rounded. Endophallus armature somewhat elongate, relatively large, its distal portion medium-sized, adjacent incision comparatively shallow, internal hole rather small. Notes. In the chaetotaxy of elytra and in the structure of the marginal border of pronotum, S. micrangulus sp.n. is most closely related to S. lopatini sp.n. but can be easily distinguished by the more developed striation of the elytra, especially in their distal half (stria 3 is distinct at least between discal setiferous pores 1-3, stria 4 partly traced while stria 3 is well-engraved only between discal pores 1-2 and stria 4 completely reduced in its counterpart). The new species also differs by the structure of the male genitalia: the median lobe of the aedeagus is considerably smaller, more slender, its ventral side nearly straight though barely bisinuate in the apical third, the distal portion of the endophallus armature smaller, adjacent incision is shallower, and inner hole smaller. Additionally, S. micrangulus sp.n. is differentiated by the less attenuated basal portion of the pronotum, its base more sparsely punctate and less strongly rugose, hind angles of the pronotum smaller, directed mostly posteriorly, their direction is emphasized by a brief but rather deep emargination on the adjacent part of the basal margin (Figs. 4-5 vs. Fig. 2), lateral margins normally less sinuate before hind angles; elytra on average shorter, less depressed after mid-length; antennae and tarsi slightly shorter (according to the subspecies, antennomere 3 about 2.6-2.7 times al long as wide vs. 2.850 in S. lopatini sp.n.; Ti/Ta, on average, 1.22 and 1.25 respectively vs. 1.17 in S. lopatini sp.n.). The males of S. micrangulus sp.n. are smaller, their body length is, on average for each subspecies, 3.72 and 3.57 mm vs. 3.87 mm in S. lopatini sp.n. Distribution. This species inhabits the mountains in the northern part of Lixian County, northern Sichuan. Habitats. The species inhabits mostly the alpine and subalpine zones, where is met with mostly in screes bordered mountain streams and springs at elevations between 3700 and 3900 m a.s.l. The species is represented by two subspecies strongly differing in the color of the upper side and some proportions. Sinozolus micrangulus micrangulus Belousov & Kabak, ssp. n. (Figs. 4, 10, 16) Holotype: male (ZISP), China, NW Sichuan, NW of Lixian, 9 km W of Shangmeng, scree above timber-line 3700-3800 m, 23.07.2002 (Belousov & Kabak leg.) [31o 39 N / 103o 00 E]. Paratypes: 36 (3) males, 23 (2) females (ZISP, IZK, MPU, cBK, cAG, cAK), collected with holotype. 16 specimens are measured. Description. Length 3.46-4.15 mm (on average, 3.72 in males and 3.94 in females). Body elongate and ovate. Color pitchy-brown, with distinct metallic luster, legs reddish-brown, hind

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tarsi barely darkened, antennae vaguely obscured beginning with apical half of antennomeres 23, proximal parts distinctly lighter even in antennomeres 1-2. Head 1.19-1.27 (1.23) times narrower than width of pronotum, eyes medium-sized, ovate and weakly convex. Antennae 0.94-1.04 times (on average 1.01 in males and 0.96 in females) as long as elytra, their antennomere 3 0.94-1.15 times (on average 1.03 in males, and 1.00 in females) as long as eye diameter. Pronotum (Fig. 4) moderately transverse, 1.13-1.24 (1.18) times as wide as long, its basal portion shortened, base 1.68-1.79 (1.74) times narrower than width of pronotum at broadest point. Lateral sides more strongly arcuate anteriorly, slightly convex posteriorly, briefly and weakly sinuate before hind angles, latter small, subrectangular, produced mostly posteriorly, usually pointed apically. Lateral border extremely thin. Anterior angles effaced. Posterior margin usually slightly bisinuate, briefly but deeply sinuate near hind angles. Basal surface comparatively sparsely punctured. Basal foveae not large, rather deep. Anterior lateral seta located approximately in anterior third of pronotum length, index 21.0-30.8 (27.2)%. Elytra (Fig. 10) relatively short compared with remainder body, ovate-oblong, with maximum width near or slightly before mid-length, 1.44-1.54 times (on average 1.49 in males and 1.47 in females) as long as wide, 1.52-1.62 times (on average 1.55 in males and 1.59 in females) as wide as pronotum and 2.58-2.93 times (on average 2.71 in males, 2.77 in females) as long as pronotum. Disc of elytra strongly convex except for apical third which is barely flattened. Humeral tooth variable, normally rather prominent, though on average slightly less acute than in S. lopatini sp. n. Lateral margins moderately beaded and reflexed. Striation of elytra comparatively strongly developed and punctured: stria 3 sharply engraved for much of its length , stria 4 and sometimes stria 5 distinct on disc a little behind middle. Interval 3 usually with series of 3 (exceptionally 4) setiferous pores. Usually 8, more rarely 9 pores in umbilicate series, in latter case additional pore located mostly between median and subapical groups of umbilicate series. Notes. Externally, S. micrangulus micrangulus ssp.n. is most similar to S. lopatini sp.n.; apart from the species diagnostic features, it is distinguished by the less attenuated basal portion of the pronotum, the latter is more transverse (PW/PL, on average, 1.18 vs. 1.13 in S. lopatini sp.n.), less strongly constricted towards base (this difference is especially evident in males where the ratio PL/PB is on average 1.47 vs. 1.54 in S. lopatini sp.n.); elytra on average shorter, less depressed after mid-length, their striae more strongly punctured; antennae slightly shorter (an mean value AL/EL 0.99 vs. 1.03 in S. lopatini sp.n.). Distribution. This subspecies is known only from the northern slopes of the mountain system located to the west of the village of Shangmeng, not far from the town of Lixian in northern Sichuan. Habitats. The subspecies was encountered in screes on the borders of mountain streams just above the timber-line at elevations of 3700-3800 m a.s.l. Sinozolus micrangulus nigricornis Belousov & Kabak, ssp. n. (Figs. 5, 11) Holotype: male (ZISP), CH, NW Sichuan, NE of Lixian, N Tonghua, basin of the river near Pingshitou, S of Shibanpengzi H~3800 m, 22.08.2002 (Belousov & Kabak leg.) [ca. 31o 45 N / 103o 23 E]. Paratypes: 1 (1) female (cBK), collected with holotype, H~3900 m. 2 specimens are measured.

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Description. Length 3.57-3.74 mm (3.57 in male specimen). Body short and ovate. Color pitchy-black, with distinct greenish-bronze metallic luster, femora blackish, tibiae and tarsi reddish-brown, antennae mostly blackish except for reddish very base of antennomeres 1-3. Head 1.17-1.21 times narrower than width of pronotum, eyes ovate and subconvex. Antennae 0.97-1.04 times (1.04 in male specimen) as long as elytra, their antennomere 3 1.15-1.18 times as long as eye diameter. Pronotum (Fig. 5) slightly transverse, 1.13-1.17 times as wide as long, its basal portion of medium length, base 1.67-1.72 times narrower than maximum width of pronotum, its lateral sides strongly arcuate, rather strongly sinuate before hind angles, latter medium-sized, subrectangular, produced mostly slightly backwards, pointed apically. Lateral border thin. Anterior margin straight, posterior one usually straight medially, briefly but rather deeply sinuate near hind angles. Basal surface densely punctured. Basal foveae medium-sized, moderately deep. Prebasal transverse impression comparatively vaguely delimited. Anterior lateral seta located rather far away from anterior margin, approximately in anterior third of pronotum length, index 31.1-35.8%. Elytra (Fig. 11) short, ovate, with maximum width near mid-length, 1.42-1.44 times as long as wide, 1.59-1.66 times as wide as pronotum and 2.60-2.75 times as long as pronotum. Disc of elytra strongly convex. Humeral tooth small and rounded, hardly prominent. Lateral margins extremely narrowly beaded and reflexed. Striation of elytra as in S. micrangulus micrangulus ssp. n. but stria 4 marked more medially and all striae almost smooth, without distinct punctures though with wavy edges. Interval 3 with row of 3 discal setiferous pores. Umbilicate series consisting of 8 pores, arranged in three usual groups. Notes. This subspecies differs from the nominotypical one by the darker blackish color of the body, including the completely blackish femora and antennae (only the basal portion of antennomeres 1-3 reddish). Additionally, the subspecies nigricornis has the eyes slughtly smaller (L3/EyL = 1.15-1.18 vs. 0.94-1.15, on average, 1.02 in the nominate subspecies), pronotum more densely punctured at its base, lateral margins of the pronotum more strongly sinuate before the hind angles, anterior lateral seta located farther from the anterior margin (index 31-36% vs. 21-31% in the nominate subspecies); elytra wider (EL/EW = 1.42-1.44 vs. 1.44-1.53, on average, 1.48; EW/PW = 1.59-1.66 vs. 1.52-1.62, on average, 1.56 in S. micrangulus micrangulus); elytral stria 4 is less distinct, barely traced as a few separate points, all striae less distinctly punctured. Distribution. The subspecies originates from the basin of a small river near the village of Pingshitou, located NE of Lixian town (northern Sichuan), to the east of the type locality of the nominotypical subspecies. Habitats. This species was found under large stones near a spring in the low alpine zone at elevations of 3800-3900 m a.s.l. Sinozolus setosus Belousov & Kabak, sp. n. (Figs. 6, 12, 17) Holotype: male (ZISP), CH, S Sichuan, 36 km NNW Mianning, NW Lajiajia, upper forest, left tributary, 3400 m, 5.08.2002 (Belousov & Kabak leg.) [ca. 28o 49 N / 102o 00 E]. Paratypes: 12 (4) males, 16 (1) females (ZISP, IZK, MPU, cBK, cAG, cAK), collected with holotype; 1 female (cBK), CH, S Sichuan, NNW Mianning, 6 km NW Lajiajia, upper forest zone, H~2700 m, 3.08.2002 (Belousov & Kabak leg.). 18 specimens are measured. Description. Length 3.34-4.03 mm (mean 3.66 in males, 3.79 in females). Body elongate, strongly convex, less constricted both at base and at anterior margin of pronotum than in other

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members of the genus. Appendages relatively short and thick. Color pitchy-black, with distinct greenish-bronze metallic luster. Legs and antennae pitchy-black, except for basal parts of antennomeres 1-2, which somewhat lightened, with slight metallic luster. Head of medium size, 1.15-1.23 times (on average 1.17 in males, 1.19 in females) narrower than width of pronotum, eyes medium-sized, ovate and weakly convex. Frontal furrows arcuate, impressed in anterior and middle parts. Frons with longitudinal or foveolate median impression. Frontal areas near eyes confusedly rugulose. Genae with few sparse and long hairs. Antennae of moderate length, 0.92-1.06 times (on average 1.03 in males and 0.96 in females) as long as elytra, their antennomere 3 0.91-1.07 times (on average, 0.98) as long as eye diameter. Pronotum (Fig. 6) moderately transverse, 1.14-1.25 (1.19) times as wide as long, strongly cordiform, its basal portion of medium length, base 1.59-1.77 times (on average, 1.68 in males and 1.72 in females) narrower than maximum width of pronotum. Lateral sides strongly arcuate anteriorly, scarcely convex posteriorly, strongly sinuate before hind angles, latter rather large, from rectangular to acute, produced posteriorly and/or outwards (Figs. 6-1 and 6-2), normally pointed apically. Lateral border discontinuous, developed only in anterior third of pronotum, slightly surpassing level of anterior lateral seta and completely reduced in posterior half except for small area near hind angles. Anterior angles small but distinct. Anterior margin straight, posterior one usually with more or less clear sinuation near hind angles. Basal surface comparatively sparsely punctured, sometimes barely rugose. Basal foveae very small and shallow. Apical transverse impression distinct laterally, lacking medially. Anterior surface with few very thin and small punctures. Median line well-engraved, not reaching anterior margin, deepest at level of prebasal transverse impression. Latter shallow and vaguely defined. Anterior lateral seta located approximately in anterior quarter of pronotum length, index 20.8-26.5 (23.6)%. Elytra (Fig. 12) ovate-oblong, with maximum width near or slightly before mid-length, 1.371.49 (1.42) times as long as wide, 1.59-1.76 times (on average 1.65 in males and 1.68 in females) as wide as pronotum and 2.73-2.96 times (on average 2.79 in males, 2.84 in females) as long as pronotum. Disc of elytra strongly convex except for apical third which scarcely flattened. Shoulders broadly rounded, humeral tooth small and obtuse. Lateral margins widely beaded and reflexed. Elytral striae comparatively fine, striae 1-2 less strongly engraved compared with other members of genus, not roughly but distinctly punctured; stria 3 either shallow and continuous or even fragmentary, stria 4, if present, more distinct in apical half. Sometimes striae 4 and 5 marked as rows of small and shallow isolated punctures on basal slope of elytra. Each elytron with two series of discal setiferous pores. Interval 3 with row of 3 setiferous pores, of which anterior one located on interval 3, posterior one adjoining stria 3, median pore varying in this respect. Interval 5 with row of 3 (more seldom 2) discal setiferous pores, of which anterior one normally attached to stria 5, median one located on interval 5, and posterior one adjoining stria 4. Thus, regarding their position on intervals, anterior pores of both series are most distant, posterior ones are closest. All pores of exterior series displaced anteriad compared with those of inner series. Posterior pore of exterior series located near level of median pore of inner series. Discal formula for exterior series 10-19(13), 28-46(36), 53-65(59), i.e. second pore most variable in its position. Eight to ten (usually 9) pores in umbilicate series, supernumerary pores normally inserted just in middle between subapical and median groups of umbilicate series. Formula for 9th umbilicate pore: 86-92(88), supernumerary pore usually located between median and subapical groups and, hence, gets number 7, its formula 70-81(74)%. For location of other setae, see Table 2. To summarize, anterior pore of external series placed at level of umbilicate pore 1, anterior pore of internal series about level of umbilicate pore

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2, pore 2 of external series near level of umbilicate pores 4, pore 2 on internal series approximately in middle between humeral and median groups of umbilicate series (usually between umbilicate pores 4 and 5), posterior pore of exterior series at level of umbilicate pore 5, and, finally, posterior pore of internal series a little closer to elytral apex than umbilicate pore 7 (represented usually by supernumerary seta in this species). Both scutellary pore and stria developed. Aedeagus (Fig. 17) rather small, comparatively thick and weakly curved, with truncate apex and small hole in endophallus armature, distal portion of the latter of medium size, adjacent incision deep. Notes. The new species is unique within the genus Sinozolus in having 2-3 supernumerary discal setae in the exterior series on the site of interval 5 of the elytra (Fig. 12) and lateral border of the pronotum which is completely reduced behind the anterior lateral seta (Fig. 6) though developed near the hind angles. For the time being, S. setosus sp.n. seems to be strongly isolated within the genus. Nonetheless, it is remotely related to S. yuae Deuve since both species have additional setae on the exterior intervals of elytra. Besides the characters mentioned above, S. setosus sp.n. differs from S. yuae by the narrower pronotum (for males, PW/HW = 1.15-1.19, on average, 1.17 vs. 1.21) which is less strongly constricted towards its anterior margin (for males, PW/PA = 1.26-1.31, on average, 1.28 vs. 1.32). In some other characters, such as the elytral striation and shape of pronotum, S. setosus sp.n. resembles more the nominotypical subspecies of S. micrangulus sp.n. Apart from the species diagnostic features, S. setosus sp.n. differs from this taxon by the following characters: the pronotum smaller (means: PW/HW 1.18 vs. 1.23, EW/PW 1.66 vs. 1.56, EL/PL 2.81 vs. 2.74 in S. micrangulus micrangulus ssp.n.), less constricted both anteriad and posteriad (means: PW/PB 1.70 vs. 1.74, PW/PA 1.29 vs. 1.34 in S. micrangulus micrangulus ssp.n.); anterior lateral setiferous pore of pronotum located closer to its anterior margin (mean value 23.6% vs. 27.2%); elytra wider (mean value EL/PL 1.42 vs. 1.48); discal setiferous pore 3 shifted posteriad, humeral group of the umbilicate series displaced anteriad and subapical one posteriad. Distribution. The species is known from mountains located northwest of the town of Mianning, Southern Sichuan. Habitats. The species was collected on sandy and pebble banks of rivers and small streams, in the upper forest zone as well as in the low alpine zone, usually not far from the timber-line, in a comparatively wide belt of elevations from 2700 to 3400 m a.s.l. Key for determination of known Sinozolus species 1 Intervals 4-5 with 1-3 discal setae ..................................................................................................... 2 Interval 5 without discal setae ............................................................................................................ 3 2 Dark brownish. Intervals 4-5 with only one discal seta located near anterior discal seta of interval 3. Interval 3 usually with 4 discal setae (Fig. 7). Lateral border of pronotum continuous, well developed over entire length (Fig. 1). Basal foveae of pronotum large and deep. Aedeagus larger, with less distinctly truncate apex (Fig. 13). Western Sichuan: W of Barkam .................. ......................................................................................................................................... S. yuae Deuve Blackish. Interval 5 with a series of 3 (exceptionally 2) discal setae located principally in anterior half of elytra (Fig. 12). Interval 3 usually with 3 setae. Lateral border of pronotum discontinuous, developed only in anterior third of pronotum and near hind angles (Fig. 6). Basal foveae of pronotum extremely small and shallow. Aedeagus smaller, with more strongly truncate apex (Fig. 17). Southern Sichuan: NNW of Mianning ........................ S. setosus sp.n.

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3 Striae of elytra deeper, stria 3 always sharply engraved between discal pores 2 and 3, stria 4 at least partly traceable in posterior half of elytral disc (Figs. 10, 11). Base of pronotum briefly and deeply emarginate near hind angles (Figs. 4, 5). On average, humeral tooth less strongly produced. Aedeagus smaller, either with less distinct or without incision in endophallus armature (Fig. 16). Sichuan, northern part of Lixian County ................................... S. micrangulus sp.n. a Antennae reddish, color of upper side lighter, with stronger brownish tinge and weaker metallic luster. Habitus more elongate, elytra less wide. Lateral sides of pronotum less strongly sinuate before hind angles, base of pronotum more sparsely punctate. Elytral striae with distinct punctures (Fig. 10). Mountains W of Shangmeng. ................................... ............................................................................................. S. micrangulus micrangulus ssp.n. Antennae blackish, color of upper side darker, mostly blackish with more pronounced greenish luster. Habitus short ovate, elytra wide. Lateral sides of pronotum more strongly sinuate before hind angles, base of pronotum more densely punctate. Elytral striae without distinct punctures (Fig. 11) though with wavy edges. Mts N of Tonghua ............................. ................................................................................................ S. micrangulus nigricornis ssp.n. Striae of elytra shallower, stria 3 deeply engraved only between discal setiferous pores 1 and 2, stria 4 indistinct (Figs. 8, 9). Base of pronotum, at most, with a long and rather shallow sinuation near hind angles (Figs. 2, 3). On average, humeral tooth more strongly produced. Aedeagus larger, with more distinct incision in endophallus armature (Figs. 14, 15). Southern Gansu ...................................................................................................................................................... 4 4 Smaller, body length about 3.40 mm. Elytra extraordinarily short, ovoid (Fig. 9), only 1.29 times as long as wide. Pronotum more transverse, with short basal portion, its basal surface with few sparse punctures (Fig. 3). Aedeagus (Fig. 15) less curved in distal part, with short and truncate apex. E of Sangbaogou River ..................................................................... S. ovalis sp.n. Larger, body length ranges from 3.60 to 4.25 mm. Elytra elongate (Fig. 8), 1.48-1.54 times as long as wide. Pronotum less transverse, with long basal portion, its basal surface roughly punctate-rugose (Fig. 2). Aedeagus (Fig. 14) strongly curved in distal part, with long and massive subacuminate apex. W of Sangbaogou River ....................................... S. lopatini sp.n. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are very grateful to Dr Th. Deuve (Paris) for providing us with the type specimen of Sinozolus yuae Deuve. We would like also to express our thanks to Dr. A. Konstantinov (Washington) for his assistance in the publication of the present paper. LITERATURE CITED
Deuve, Th. 1997. Sinozolus yuae n. gen., n. sp., premier reprsentant des Zolinae dans lhmisphre Nord (Coleoptera, Trechidae). Bulletin de la Socit entomologique de France, 102 (1): 31-37. Belousov, I. & I. Kabak. 2003. New Trechini from China (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Tethys Entomological Research, 8: 15-86. Schuler, L. 1971. Les Trechinae de France. Linversion de la valeur systmatique des organes gnitaux mles et femelles. Nouvelle Revue Entomologique, I (3): 265-273.

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Konstantinov, Tishechkin, Penev (eds.) 2005 Spatial Distribution of Carabid Contributions and Staphylinid Beetles 219 to Systematics and Biology of Beetles Papers Celebrating the 80th Birthday of Igor Konstantinovich Lopatin, pp. 219-237

Spatial Distribution of Carabid and Staphylinid Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae, Staphylinidae) in a Forest Plantation Mosaic in Belarus
Alexander Derunkov
Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Akademicheskaia 27, 220072 Minsk, Belarus. E-mail: soilzool@biobel.bas-net.by

ABSTRACT
The study was carried out in the Berezinsky Biosphere Reserve (northern part of Belarus, ca. 120 km to north-east of Minsk) in 1993-94. Pine plantations (Pinetum pleuroziosum) and adjacent deciduous plantations (Betuletum pteridiosum) were selected for the study. Beetles were collected using pitfall traps. The majority of dominant species were found along the entire transect. Distribution of only one carabid species, Notiophilus biguttatus, depended on the location of the plantations edge. This species was found in samples from the pine plantation only. It did not penetrate into the deciduous plantation completely. One staphylinid species, Bolitochara pulchra, was found in the deciduous plantation only. A zone adjacent to the edge of plantations limited distribution of two staphylinid species, Tachinus corticinus and Olophrum assimile. Edge zone influenced mainly the activity (a proxy for the abundance) of carabids and staphylinids. Carabid activity decreases at the plantations edge. That edge effect was expressed especially in activity changes of carabids Pterostichus oblongopunctatus and Calathus micropterus and staphylinid Atheta europaea. Staphylinid activity increased in the deciduous plantation. Activity of only one carabid species, Cychrus caraboides, and two staphylinids, Tachinus corticinus and Olophrum assimile, increased at the plantations edge. For effective support of species diversity the patch of deciduous plantations must have a width no less than 60-70 m. Then the populations of common in deciduous forests species can be maintained at the high level.

KEY WORDS
Carabids, staphylinids, forest plantation mosaic, spatial distribution, edge effect, Belarus.

INTRODUCTION Conservation and sustainable exploitation of managed forests in the modern forestry need to solve a problem of better diagnostics of quantitative and qualitative diversity of animal and plant taxa inhabiting forests at any particular landscape point. Mosaic of forest types becomes an important factor affecting forest communities under conditions of modern intensive forest restoration (FAO UN, 2003).

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The major tree species used in silviculture in Belarus is Scotch Pine (Pinus silvestris L.) oak (Quercus robur L.) and birch (Betula pendula Roth.). Occupy largest areas among young and middleaged deciduous forest plantations, above 180 thousands ha and 1 million ha correspondingly. According to the program of forest restoration in Belarus for the period up to 2015, areas occupied by deciduous plantations will be increased. Areas occupied by oak will be extended twofold. Birch stands could be added to pine plantations to increase fire resistance and timber productivity of stands. Different transition zones or ecotones appear as a result of pine and deciduous plantation alternation. Members of dynamic animal population actively use the space to choose habitats rich in resources and the most convenient environmental conditions. Animals may affect the shape of landscape borders as agents of matter and energy shifting or vectors (Wiens et al. 1985). Carabids and staphylinids are the most diverse and abundant families of epigeal beetles in temperate forests. Diversity of their assemblages depends substantially on the age and type of forest habitats as well as regional habitat mosaic (Szyszko 1983, Baguette and Grard 1993, Butterfield 1997, Derunkov 2003). It was shown for northern Finland that different beetle assemblages are characteristic of different forest types, therefore preservation of different forest types may be the best general strategy to maintain the overall beetle species diversity in boreal forests (Simil et al. 2002). Carabids and staphylinids can be used as appropriate groups in investigation of responses of forest communities to modern cultivation practice (Skodowski 2001, Smoleski 2001, Smoleski and Szujecki 2001). The aim of this study is to uncover ecological effects of plantation type mosaic on forest assemblages of epigeal beetles. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was carried out in the Berezinsky Biosphere Reserve (northern part of Belarus, ca. 120 km north-east of Minsk) in 1993-94. Pine plantations (Pinetum pleuroziosum 28 years old, average height 12 m, average diameter 12 cm) and adjacent deciduous plantations (Betuletum pteridiosum, the first layer birch, 25 years old, height 16 m, diameter 12 cm; the second layer oak, 30 years old, height 5 m, diameter 4 cm) were selected for the study (nomenclature for forest formations after Yurkevich et al. 1979). The edge between plantations was very clear without any transition zone, formed by trees or shrubs. Beetles were collected using pitfall traps from the end of April to the beginning of October annually. During this period, beetles were extracted from the traps twice a month. Plastic cups with an opening diameter of 72 mm and a volume of 250 ml were used as pitfall traps. A 4% formalin water solution was used as a preservative. Twenty-one traps were placed at least 5 m apart along the line transect installed perpendicularly to the edge between plantations. Nine traps, designated as P1 P9, were located in pine plantation, one trap, designated as 0 on the edge and eleven traps, designated as D1 D11 in deciduous plantation (Fig. 1). Material from every trap for the year was considered as an independent sample. Sampling effort (i.e. number of trap days) varied among years, and some traps were lost due to disturbance by wild mammals and people. Therefore, each sample was standardized to 100 trap days (number of traps/number of trap exposure days). Pitfall catches partly depend on beetle activity and reflect the dynamic density of the species (Ghilarov 1987). Therefore, the term activity was used for description of the species abundance. Totally ca. 10,000 carabids and ca. 4,300 staphylinids were collected. Relatively abundant species (more than 40 specimens captured

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Fig. 1. Scheme of placing of soil traps along the transect at the plantations edge. Explanations in the text.

in one year, activity or dynamic density more than 6 beetles/100 trap days) were used to estimate the edge effect. Some less abundant species (15-30 specimens, activity 1-3 beetles/100 trap days) with characteristic distribution were also considered. I performed cluster analysis of Bray-Curtis percentage similarities with group averaging as weighting procedure using the software BioDiversity Professional (1997) to depict relationships of beetle samples along transect. The regression analysis was used to reveal the trends of species distribution. RESULTS Carabid distribution. Carabid activity was the highest in deeper parts of plantations. Activity reduction was observed on the plantation edge (polynomial trend curve of activity change has two peaks and a drop on the edge, Fig. 2A). Five species groups were selected according to activity change characteristics. Species with activity depression on the plantations edge were included in the first group. Depression zone was shifted into deciduous plantations. They were common forest species like Calathus micropterus (Duft.), Pterostichus oblongopunctatus (F.), Pt. strenuus (Panz.), Carabus hortensis L., C. convexus F., Leistus terminatus Panz. and Amara brunnea (Gyll.) (Fig. 2B 2H). Activity of these species was the lowest within ca. 25 m into deciduous plantation and

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Fig. 2. Carabid activity at the edge of pine and deciduous plantations. A all species; B Calathus micropterus; C Pterostichus oblongopunctatus; D Pterostichus strenuus.

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E

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Fig. 2. E Carabus hortensis; F Carabus convexus; G Leistus terminatus; H Amara brunnea.

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Fig. 2. I Pterostichus aethiops; J Cychrus caraboides; K Pterostichus melanarius; L Poecilus versicolor.

Spatial Distribution of Carabid and Staphylinid Beetles


M

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Fig. 2. M Epaphius secalis; N Notiophilus biguttatus; O Pterostichus niger.

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ca. 5 m into pine plantation, with the exception of Leistus terminatus. Activity of L. terminatus decreased within up to 20 m from the edge into pine plantation and up to 40 m into deciduous plantations (see Fig. 2G). Pterostichus aethiops (Panz.) was attributed to the first group too, but his zone of activity depression differed considerably between study years. In 1993, zone of Pt. aethiops activity depression was in the pine plantation and reached up to 20 m from the edge (Fig. 2I). In 1994, it shifted to the deciduous plantation, up to 25 m deep from the edge. Only one species, Cychrus caraboides (L.), was attributed to the second group. Activity of this species was highest at the plantations edge (Fig. 2J). It was called an ecotone dominant. Pterostichus melanarius (Ill.), Poecilus versicolor (Sturm) and Epaphius secalis (Payk.) were included in the third group. Their activity in the pine plantation was very low. They were absent in the many samples. Activity of these species linearly increased from the edge into the deciduous plantation (see linear trend, Fig. 2K 2M). The fourth species group included only one species, Notiophilus biguttatus (F.). This species was common in the pine plantations (its activity exceed 6 beetles/100 trap days) to the plantations edge (Fig. 2N). But this species did not penetrate completely into deciduous plantations. The fifth group of species included Pterostichus niger (Schall.). No defined trends in its activity changes were determined (fig. 2O). Activity of Pt. niger was high along the entire transect. This species in Belarus is common in forests of different types and is characterized by the wide amplitude of environmental preferences (Alexandrovich 1991, Khotko 1993). Therefore, it is possible that environmental changes at the plantations edge did not affect the Pt. niger activity. Thus, the analysis of the carabid activity changes suggests that the most of dominant species avoid the plantations edge. Their activity in the contact zone was sometimes also low. Only Cychrus caraboides activity was higher in the contact zone than deeper into plantations away from the ecotone. Staphylinids distribution. Activity of staphylinids increased linearly along the transect from the pine plantation into the deciduous plantation (see linear trend, Fig. 3A). As for carabids, five species groups were selected by activity change characteristics of staphylinids. Staphylinus erythropterus L., Tachyporus abdominalis F., Oxypoda abdominalis (Mannh.), Oxypoda lividipennis Mannh., Atheta fungi (Grav.) were included to the first group. Activity of these species evenly increased along transect (Fig. 3B 3F). They were absent in many samples in the pine plantation. In the deciduous plantation, activities of the most of these species increased 2 4 times. Atheta crassicornis (F.), A. gagatina (Baudi), Xantholinus tricolor (F.) and Othius punctulatus (Goeze) can be attributed to the first group too. There was increasing trend in their activity in the deciduous plantation (see linear trend, Fig. 3G 3J). However, the activities of these species were high in some samples in the pine plantation. Bolitochara pulchra (Grav.) was not found neither in the pine plantation nor on the edge. This species was registered in the deciduous plantation only, 30 40 m from the edge. Activity of Bolitochara pulchra increased linearly along transect into the deciduous plantation (see linear trend, Fig. 3K). The second group of species included Anthobium atrocephalum (Gyll.) and Philonthus decorus (Grav.), which represented opposite trends of activity changes. Activity of Anthobium atrocephalum was high in the pine plantation and was about two times lower in the deciduous plantation, especially in 1993 (see linear trend, Fig. 3L). Activity of Philonthus decorus also was 2 3 times lower in the deciduous plantation (Fig. 3M), but the peak of its activity was observed on the plantations edge.

Spatial Distribution of Carabid and Staphylinid Beetles


A

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Fig. 3. Staphylinid activity at the edge of pine and deciduous plantations. A all species; B Staphylinus erythropterus; C Tachyporus abdominalis; D Oxypoda abdominalis.

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Fig. 3. E Oxypoda lividipennis; F Atheta fungi; G Atheta crassicornis; H Atheta gagatina.

Spatial Distribution of Carabid and Staphylinid Beetles


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229

Fig. 3. I Xantholinus tricolor; J Othius punctulatus; K Bolitochara pulchra; L Anthobium atrocephalum.

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Both above-mentioned species (especially Anthobium atrocephalum) are sensitive to moisture and light changes. They prefer habitats with lesser annual amplitude of soil moisture and soil temperature (Thiele and Kolbe 1962). Probably, the less pronounced seasonal moisture and temperature fluctuations in the pine plantation caused higher activities of these species here. The third group of species included Tachinus corticinus Grav. and Olophrum assimile (Payk.) (Fig. 3N, 3O). These species were absent in the samples deep in pine and deciduous plantations (with the exception of some Tachinus corticinus specimens in two samples in deciduous plantation and some Olophrum assimile specimens in two samples in pine plantation). Activity of these species was highest in the sample on the edge of plantations and in adjacent samples in the deciduous
M

Fig. 3. M Philonthus decorus; N Tachinus corticinus; O Olophrum assimile.

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plantations (up to 30 m from the edge). Both species visit blooming plants in meadows and forest gaps. Because of light changes at the plantations edge some herbaceous plants grow there and their blooming attract Tachinus corticinus and Olophrum assimile. Spatial distribution of these species illustrates the ecotone effect. They may be characterized as ecotonal. The fourth group of species included one species only, Atheta europaea Lik. Its activity changes were very close to the revealed for the entire staphylinid assemblage (Fig. 3P). Activity of A. europaea was high both in pine and deciduous plantations. At the plantations edge, up to 15 m deep into plantations, activity decreased 2-5. A. europaea was even absent in some samples at the edge.
P

Fig. 3. P Atheta europaea; Q Lordithon lunulatus; R Atheta paracrassicornis.

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Fig. 3. S Mycetoporus rufescens.

Fig. 4. Cluster analyses of Bray-Curtis measures of percent similarity for the carabid samples at the plantations edge

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Finally, no clear trends were determined in activity changes of fifth species group. This group included Lordithon lunulatus (L.), Atheta paracrassicornis Brundin and Mycetoporus rufescens (Steph.) (Fig. 3Q 3S). Cluster analysis revealed a difference in similarity between beetle assemblages in pine plantations, deciduous plantations and their edge (Fig. 4-5). Two carabid sample groups from pine and deciduous plantations clustered at ca. 50% similarity in 1993 (see Fig. 4). Edge samples (samples 0, P1, D1 with P6) formed distinct group at ca. 70% similarity. This group is more similar to carabid assemblage of the deciduous plantation. Another sample group, formed by samples adjacent to plantations edges (D2, D3), clustered with groups of samples from deciduous plantation and from edge at ca. 60% similarity. In 1994, the edge samples P1, D1 and D2 clustered with other sample groups at ca. 55% similarity only. Differences between carabid assemblages in

Fig. 5. Cluster analyses of Bray-Curtis measures of percent similarity for the staphylinid samples at the plantations edge

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two types of forest plantations were less pronounced in 1994. Nevertheless, it is possible to distinguish two groups of samples from pine and deciduous plantations on the 1994 dendrogram (Fig. 4). Those groups clustered at a higher similarity level, than in 1993. For staphylinid assemblages clustering was more clear, than for carabids (see Fig. 5). Narrower microhabitat association of staphylinids in comparison with carabids may cause this pattern. In 1993, all staphylinid samples were associated in three clearly distinct clusters at ca. 50% similarities: samples of pine plantation, samples of deciduous plantation and samples from the edge (0, P1, P2). In 1994, staphylinid samples from pine and deciduous plantations clustered at ca. 35% only. Edge samples (D1, D3, D4) formed distinct group at ca. 50% similarity, more similar with the group of samples from deciduous plantation. In 1994, activity of ecotonal species Olophrum assimile and Tachinus corticinus was the highest specifically in these samples. DISCUSSION It is difficult to characterize explicitly carabid and staphylinid distribution at the edge of plantations. The most of dominant species were found along the entire transect. Distribution of only one carabid species, Notiophilus biguttatus, depended on the location of the plantations edge. This species was found in samples from the pine plantation only. It did not penetrate into the deciduous plantation completely. One staphylinid species, Bolitochara pulchra, was found in the deciduous plantation only. A zone adjacent to the edge of plantations limited distribution of two staphylinid species, Tachinus corticinus and Olophrum assimile. Two more Tachinus Grav. species were collected at the plantations edge. However, their activity was so low that it is impossible to say for certain whether their distribution dependents on the plantations edge location or not. Difficulties in the edge effect interpretation for carabid communities were mentioned in other studies. For example, for fragmented pine and mixed West Canadian forests it was shown that edges of forest fragments are more suitable for open habitat species and habitat generalists (Spence et al. 1996). These authors found out that forest carabid populations were less abundant near the edge of forest fragments and clear-cuts, up to 5-10 m from the edge. In Bulgaria, on the Vitosha Mountain carabid communities could not be subdivided into any distinct groups along altitudinal gradient (Krusteva et al. 1993). In our case, both adjacent habitats were forests. Therefore, general habitat conditions were similar in both types of plantations. Differences in conditions between two types of plantations are mainly due to differences in litter composition. Deciduous litter seems to influence distribution of soil invertebrates (including epigeal carabids and staphylinids) through the effect of some biotic and abiotic factors (features of niche structure, nutrient availability, moisture, temperature) (Koivula 1998). For example, large aspen (Populus tremula) trees within conifer stands are important source of deciduous litter and promote higher local invertebrate diversity in Finnish coniferous forests (Niemel 1997). In Hungary, abundance of deciduous forest carabid species decreased significantly in non-native Norway spruce (Picea abies) plantations, and appeared in high densities only in native beech forests (Elek et. al. 2001). Niemel et al. (1992) have shown that the most numerous forest carabid species are distributed nonrandomly and form aggregations within a ca.1.3 ha patch in Finland. Sites with abundant deciduous litter in coniferous forests are good-quality resource spots for many forest carabid species (Haila et al. 1994). Such spots may serve as source patches from which individuals move into nearby lower-quality patches.

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Transition zone between studied pine and deciduous plantations may be considered as a version of narrow ecotone of van der Maarel (1990). In this case, the edge is sharp and is created by external factor, forests planted by humans. Ecotone in this sense does not possess distinct specific features in contrast to wide ecotone characterized by definite peculiarities of structure and functioning. The complex of environmental conditions seriously affecting such active epigeal beetles as carabids and staphylinids is absent in the ecotone of narrow type. Therefore, the edge effect on carabid and staphylinid assemblages is represented only in activity changes in the most numerous species. Epigeal carabids and staphylinids may be considered as agents of ecological penetration, i. e. introduction of elements from one ecosystem to another (Turek 1975). Interaction of both studied forest ecosystems and development of transition zone will depend mainly on the mobility of assemblage members. We can see that the species not characteristic of pine forests, e.g. Pt. melanarius, Poecilus versicolor, Epaphius secalis, Tachyporus abdominalis, Oxypoda abdominalis, Oxypoda lividipennis, penetrate into this forest type from deciduous plantations. Pine plantations are the source from which eurytopic forest species Philonthus decorus, Anthobium atrocephalum, Ischnosoma splendidum and Quedius limbatus penetrate to deciduous plantations. Results of our study agree with the Leniaks (1981) conclusions about a carabid reaction on the habitat alterations in Polish pine forests. He found that abundance of all carabid assemblages and carabid species as well as their occurrence and functional community structure in some habitats are the most sensible indices for habitat changes. Leniak (1984) had shown that carabid community stability in forest ecosystems depends on and is proportional to the species abundance and not to species richness. In my study site, edge zone influenced mainly the activity (a proxy for the abundance) of carabids and staphylinids. Carabid activity decreases at the plantations edge. That edge effect was expressed especially in activity changes of carabids Pterostichus oblongopunctatus and Calathus micropterus and staphylinid Atheta europaea. Staphylinid activity increased in the deciduous plantation. Activity of only one carabid species, Cychrus caraboides, and two staphylinids, Tachinus corticinus and Olophrum assimile, increased at the plantations edge. For effective support of species diversity the patch of deciduous plantations must have a width no less than 60-70 m. Then the populations of common in deciduous forests species can be maintained at the high level. Increase in habitat heterogeneity at different levels (from local to regional) is clearly linked to the increasing in diversity of many insect groups, including carabids and other epigeal beetles (Ma Shijun 1990, Rolstad 1991, Haila et al. 1994). But quality of such diversity is often considered to be low, because increase of proportion of habitat generalist species in forest invertebrate communities (Ball et al. 1994). In this case, it seems that the mosaic of different forest plantations affects positively assemblages of epigeal beetles. Staphylinid activity is higher in deciduous plantations than in pine plantations. Activity of Cychrus caraboides, forest specialist, increased at the plantations edge. Ecotone species complex of staphylinids (Tachinus species and Olophrum assimile) is formed here. Thus, mosaic of forest plantations promotes increase of epigeal beetles diversity. REFERENCES
Alexandrovich O. R. 1991. ( . .) Zhuki zhuzhelitsy (Coleoptera, Carabidae) fauny Belorussii [Carabid beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) of Belarus] pp. 3778 in: Lopatin I.K., Khotko E.I. (eds.) Fauna and ecology of beetles in Belarus. Minsk: Navuka I Tekhnika. [In Russian].

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Baguette M. and S. Grard. 1993. Effects of spruce plantations on carabid beetles in southern Belgium. Pedobiologia 37(3): 129-140. Ball S. G., D. A. Procter and P. Holmes. 1994. Quantifying the quality of invertebrate faunas for the purposes of site conservation. pp. 148 in: 5th European Congress of Entomology, 29 Aug. 2 Sept. 1994, York, UK: Abstracts: University of York. Butterfield J. 1997. Carabid community succession during the forestry cycle in conifer plantations. Ecography 20(6): 614-625. Derunkov A. V. 2003. Ecological diversity of staphylinid beetles (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) in the Pripyatsky National Park pine plantations. Proceedings National Academy of Science, Belarus. Biology Ser. (1): 93-99. [In Russian]. BioDiversity Professional. 1997. McAleece N., J. Lambshead and G. Patterson e.a. // The Natural History Museum and The Scottish Association For Marine Science. http://www.nhm.ac.uk/zoology/bdpro. Elek Z., T. Magura and T. Tthmrsz. 2001. Impacts of non-native Norway spruce plantation on abundance and species richness of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Web Ecology 2: 32-37. FAO UN. 2003. State of the Worlds Forests 2003. Rome. 151 pp. Ghilarov M. S. 1987. ( . .) Uchet krupnyh bespozvonochnyh (mezofauna) [Censuses of large invertebrates (mesofauna)]. pp . 9-26 in: Ghilarov M.S. and B. R. Striganova (eds.) Quantitative methods in soil zoology. Moscow: Nauka. [In Russian]. Haila Y., I. K. Hanski, J. Niemel, P. Punttila, S. Raivio and H. Tukia. 1994. Forestry and the boreal fauna: matching management with natural forest dynamics. Annales Zoologici Fennici (31): 187-202. Khotko L. I. 1993. ( . .) Pochvennaia fauna Belarusi [Soil fauna of Belarus]. Minsk: Navuka I Tekhnika, 252 pp. [In Russian]. Koivula M. 1998. The importance of leaf litter for forest floor macroarthropods: A field experiment. p. 105 in: [Pap.] Conference Biodiversity Managed Forests Conc. and Solutions, Uppsala, May 29 June 3, 1997. Rept. / Skog. Forsk. (1). Krusteva I., V. Popov and V. Sakalian. 1993. Indirect gradient analysis of carabid (Coleoptera, Carabidae) spatial pattern on Vitosha Mountain (West Bulgaria). pp. 55-99 in: Nats. nauch.-tekhn. konf. po lesozaschita. Sofia, 30 mart 1993. Sofia. Leniak A. 1984. Entropy in Carabidae (Coleoptera) communities under conditions of various stability of forest biocenoses. pp. 13-23 in: Jakubczyk H. and M. Turos (eds.) Second Symposium on the Protection of Forest Ecosystems: Rogw, 7-8 December 1981. Warsaw Agricultural University, Institute of Forest and Wood Protection. Warszawa. Leniak A. 1981. Possibility of bioindication of anthropogenic deformation of forest habitats on the basis of changes in invertebrate communities. pp. 15-23 in: Jakubczyk H. and E. Masiulaniec-Pyrko (eds.) Ist Symposium on the Protection of Forest Ecosystems: Rogw, 19-20 November 1979. Warsaw Agricultural University, Institute of Forest and Wood Protection. Warszawa. Ma Shijun. 1990. Edge effect and interfacial ecology. P. 411 in: Dev. Ecol. Perspect. 21st Cent. 5th International Congress of Ecology, Yokohama, Aug. 23-30, 1990. Abstracts, Yokohama. Neronov V. V. 2001. Development of the Concept of Ecotones and Their Role in Conservation of Biological Diversity. Advances in Current Biology 121(4): 323-336. [In Russian]. Niemel J. 1997. Invertebrates and Boreal Forest Management. Conservation Biology 11(3): 601-610. Niemel J., Y. Haila, E. Halme, T. Pajunen and P. Punttila. 1992. Small-scale heterogeneity in the spatial distribution of carabid beetles in the southern Finnish taiga. Journal of Biogeography (19): 173-181. Rolstad J. 1991. Faunahensyn i skogbruket: Et landshapsokologisk perspektiv. Fauna 44(1): 5-10.

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Simil M., J. Kouki, M. Mnkknen and A.-L. Sippola. 2002. Beetle species richness along the forest productivity gradient in northern Finland. Ecography 25: 42-52. Skodowski J. 2001. Waloryzacja siedlisk lenych Puszczy Biaowieskiej na podstawie Carabidae. pp. 73104 in: Szujecki A. (ed.) Prba szacunkowej waloryzacji lasw Puszczy Bia owieskiej metod zooindykacyjn. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo SGGW. Smoleski M. 2001. The environmental evaluation by synecological zooindication a proposal of the methods based on epigeic invertebrate communities. Fragmenta Faunistica 44(2): 251-268. Smoleski M. and A. Szujecki. 2001. Waloryzacja lasw Puszczy Biaowieskiej na podstawie struktury zgrupowa Staphylinidae (Coleoptera). pp. 105-177 in: Szujecki A. (ed.) Prba szacunkowej waloryzacji lasw Puszczy Biaowieskiej metod zooindykacyjn. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo SGGW. Spence J. R., D. W. Langor, J. Niemel, H. A. Crcamo and C. R. Currie. 1996. Northern forestry and carabids: the case for concern about old-growth species. Annales Zoologici Fennici 33: 173-184. Szyszko J. 1983. State of Carabidae (Col.) fauna in fresh pine forest and tentative valorization of this environment. Warszawa: Warsaw Agricultural University Press, 80 pp. Thiele H. U. and W. Kolbe. 1962. Beziehungen zwischen bodenbewohnenden Kfern und Pflanzengesellschaften in Wldern. Pedobiologia 1(3): 157-173. Turek F. J. 1975. Ekologick prenikanie a jeho vznam pre ekosystmy a krajinu. Biolgia 30(7): 557-565. Wiens T. A., C. S. Crawford and J. R. Gosz. 1985. Boundary dynamics: a conceptual framework for studying landscape ecosystems. Oikos 45(3): 421-427. Yurkevich I. D., D. S. Golod and V. S. Aderikho. 1979. Vegetation of Byelorussia, its Cartography, Protection and Utilization. Minsk: Nauka i Tekhnika. 248 pp. [In Russian]

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PENSOFT APublishers New Species Sofia Moscow

Konstantinov, Tishechkin, Penev (eds.) 2005 of Miltapion (Apionidae: Apioninae: Contributions Ixapiini:) from Namibia 239 to Systematics and Biology of Beetles Papers Celebrating the 80th Birthday of Igor Konstantinovich Lopatin, pp. 239-244

A New Species of Miltapion (Apionidae: Apioninae: Ixapiini) from Namibia


A. L. L. Friedman and A. Freidberg
Department of Zoology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel. E-mail: laibale@post.tau.ac.il

ABSTRACT
Miltapion lopatini new species (Apionidae: Apioninae) is described from Namibia and placed in the tribe Ixapiini. Illustrations of the habitus, wing, tarsi and genitalia are provided.

KEY WORDS
Miltapion lopatini, Apionidae, Ixapiini, Africa, Namibia, taxonomy.

INTRODUCTION The genus Miltapion Voss, 1966 contains two South African and one East African species that have been rarely collected and recorded. Its taxonomic position among Apionidae has been uncertain. Voss (1966) placed it (as a subgenus of Apiotherium) in the Apiotherium complex, a group of doubtful taxonomic status. In the World Catalog of Curculionoidea (Alonso-Zarazaga & Lyal 1999) it was placed in Incertae sedis. The recent discovery of a new species of Miltapion in Namibia has prompted this study, which, in addition to the description of the new species, enables us to suggest a tribal placement for this genus. This is also the first record of Apionidae for Namibia. Specimens examined are deposited in the following institutions: National Collection of Insects, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (TAU) and National Collection of Insects, National Museum of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia (NMNW). Terminology follows Wanat (2001). Miltapion lopatini new species (Figs. 1-14) Description: Body and appendages testaceous to reddish, mostly opaque, antenna and part of rostrum shiny; integument rugulose, with round shallow sometimes shiny punctures on pronotum. Vestiture dense, comprising of whitish erect and semierect scales, variable in form and length: erect or appressed, short, lanceolate, slightly curved, sometimes rounded apically on head and base of rostrum; appressed, thin, pointed, straight on ventrum and coxae; piliform, curved,

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pointed, semierect on pronotum; lanceolate, straight or slightly curved, erect on elytra and legs. Pronotal pubescence fairly uniform, while elytra and legs bear scales of variable length and form; longest on elytra and tibiae. Body length: male: 1.5 mm, female: 1.7 mm, body width: male: 0.7 mm, female: 0.8 mm. Head: subconical, slightly wider than long, finely, but densely punctated and rugose. Frons as wide as base of rostrum, flat to slightly convex, distinctly punctated, separated from gular region by shallow transverse depression. Vertex finely rugulose-punctated. Gena and gula transversely rugulose. Occiput punctated. Temples parallel, shorter than half length of eye. Eye black, round, convex, moderately prominent, surrounded by rim of scales, 4 superocular scales longer and wider than rest, erect, together with 4-5 reclined frontal scales composing distinct group, resembling horn or eyebrow. Frontal scales concentrated laterally, forming fairly bald median area, if this area covered by scales, these scales short and appressed. Rostrum: cylindrical, curved, mostly at basal half, prorostrum nearly straight. Rostrum slightly shorter than pronotum in male (0.35 mm), slightly longer than pronotum in female (0.42 mm). Mesorostrum and metarostrum rugose-punctated and pubescent as frons. Prorostrum glabrous, lacking scales, punctated sparsely by extremely fine and slightly oblong punctures, distant apart more than 3 times than their diameter. Antennal insertion at basal 0.25 of rostrum. Mesorostrum with distinct denticle at point of antennal insertion. Antennal scrobes ventral, under mesorostral dilation, foveiform, weakly prolonged ventrally. Antenna short, stout, compact, scape clavate, 3 times as long as wide and 3 times as long as second funicle, first funicle oblong, truncated at ends, 1.7 times as long as second funicle, funicles 2-7 globose, 2-6 subequal, funicle 7 slightly shorter. Funicles and distal part of

Figs. 1-4. M. lopatini, habitus. 1) male, lateral view; 2) female, head and pronotum, lateral view; 3) male, dorsal view; 4) female, head and pronotum, dorsal view.

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scape covered by appressed wide scales. Club as long as scape, twice as long as wide, pointed, ovoid, claval sutures indistinct, club anteriorly heavily pubescent. Pronotum: conical, slightly transverse, 1.3 times as wide at base as long; constricted anteriorly, more so in female; coarsely punctated and densely pubescent. Margins of pronotum slightly arched in dorsal view, base slightly bisinuate. Interpunctural spaces thin, sometimes slightly shiny. Prescutellar fovea indistinct from punctation. Scutellum minute, narrow-trapezoid, tapered at apex, flat or slightly concave, not pubescent. Elytra: elongated, flattened basally, slightly convex, nearly parallel-sided at basal 2/3, at basal part of apical third slightly rounded. Humeral calli distinct. Stria strongly impressed, intrastrial punctures externally not distinct. Interstrial intervals convex, slightly shiny and finely strigulose. Scales in stria smaller, narrower and less erect than scales on the intervals. Strial formula 1+2+9, 3+4, 5+6, 7+8. Stria 1 not reaching apex of scutellum. No specialized setae seen. Hind wing (Fig. 5): well developed, venation reduced. Anal lobe demarcated posteriorly and anteriorly by deep notches, C and Sc fused, RA thick, dark at basal half, widening at center, pale and diffuse at apical half, widening apically, RP rudimentary, to short pale, diffuse, bent piece near wing margin, radial window absent, medial bar strong, widening slightly at distal end, Cu slightly curved, not reaching wing margin, A1 lacking or maybe obsolete, A2 narrow, slightly shorter than medial bar, not branched, A3? short, disconnected, A4? rudimentary, not reaching anal lobe, slightly longer than A3. Venter (Figs. 7, 9, 10): Abdominal sternites moderately shiny. First and second abdominal ventrites fused, sparsely punctated by round shallow setiferous punctures, covered by white pilliform pubescence, suture obsolete. Third, fourth and fifth sternites finely microrugulose and covered by piliform scales. Fifth sternite truncated apically in male and rounded

RA C+Sc

A4? A3?

A2

Cu

RP

10

Figs. 5-10. M. lopatini, details of external morphology. 5) hind wing; 6) striation of elytron; 7) abdomenal sternites, ventral view; 8) claws; 9) pygidium, dorsal view; 10) pygidium, lateral view.

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in female. Male pygidium of exposed apionine type (Figs. 9-10). Legs: Short, stout, inflated, tibiae unarmed. Procoxae conical, contiguous, slightly closer to anterior margin of prosternum than to posterior, lacking specialized sexual features in males, procoxal rim devoid of dentiform processes. Mesocoxae conical, separated by metasternal apophysis less than half their width. Trochanter as long as wide. Femora incrassate, 3 times as long as wide. Tibia slightly inflated, 3 times as long as wide, protibia slightly thinner than prorostrum. Male protibia slightly bent basally and apically, 0.75 times as long as meso- and metatibia. Tibial apical comb comprised of fine whitish, uniformly thick spines. Tarsi compact. First tarsomere subspherical, 1.6 times as long as wide. Second tarsomere transverse, half as long as wide and as first tarsomere. Third tarsomere strongly bilobate, lobes narrow, covered by microsetae. Onychium slender, slightly curved, 1.5 times as long as lobes of third tarsomere. Claw pointed, slightly dilated subapically, with large triangular tooth at base (Fig. 8). Male genitalia: Tegmen (Fig. 13): Tegminal plate prolonged, strongly enveloping aedeagus. Dorsal part (T10): basal piece fused to dorsal part of tegminal plate, tegminal apodeme thick, slightly longer than tegminal plate. Postfenestral sector transverse, sclerotized. Fenestrae short, transverse, opened internally and externally. Median notch triangular, slightly exceeding apices of apical lobes. Apical lobes slightly prolonged, rounded at apices, sclerotized. Suprafenestral sclerites rounded apically, bearing sensilla, mostly medially and subapically. Ventral part (T9): Prostegium

11

11

14

13

Figs. 11-14. M. lopatini, male genitalia. 11) Median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal and lateral view; 12) sclerite of endophallus, dorsal view; 13) tegmen, dorsal and lateral view; 14) sternite 9 (spiculum gastrale).

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bilobed, lobes triangular, pointed apically, prostegial notch narrow triangular, 0.66 times as long as lobes. Membranous lobes each bear numerous microtrichia and 2 macrochaetae. Aedeagus (Figs. 1112) stout, devoid of flagellum. Median lobe of aedeagus parallel sided, stout, apically narrowed, tip of aedeagus flat, rounded, recurved. Apodemes as long as tube. Endophallus bears numerous sclerotized denticles and single U-shaped sclerite (or united frena?) (Fig. 12). Sternite 9 (spiculum gastrale) (Fig. 14) with arms shorter than manubrium, not connected by membrane. Etymology: We are very pleased to name this species in honor of our colleague and friend Prof. I. K. Lopatin on the occasion of his 80th birthday. Diagnosis: M. lopatini is well distinguished from the three described species of Miltapion Voss by the fine, indistinct punctation of the prorostrum, rostrum shorter than pronotum, an eyebrow comprised of a group of 4 superocular and 4 frontal erect scales, and dentate claws. Holotype, male: NAMIBIA: Gobabeb, Kuiseb river, 450 m, 23o34S15o03E, 5.ix.2003, A. Freidberg; glued to white triangular paper card, lacking left protarsus, and tarsomeres 2-5 of left mesotarsus (TAU); Paratypes, 1 male (TAU), 2 females (TAU, NMNW), same collection data as holotype, (genitalia of male dissected and attached with pygidium in glycerine vial abdomen, right elytron and right hind wing glued to white paper card). Remarks: The type series of Miltapion lopatini was swept from the vegetation along a short section of the dry Kuiseb River, near and immediately opposite the Gobabeb Biological Research Station. This vegetation comprised primarily of large Acacia and Prosopis trees (Mimosaceae), as well as more shrubby plants, such as Salvadora persica (Salvadoraceae) and Pechuel luschia luibnitziae (Asteraceae). Discussion: The genus Miltapion was proposed by Voss (1966), as a subgenus of Apiotherium Beguin-Billecocq, for three species: M. russeolum Gyllenhal and M. rubidum Faehreus from Cape Province and M. tropicum Hartmann, from East Africa and Zimbabwe, which are characterized by red coloration of the body, condensed subocular rim of white scales, body covered densely by white erect lanceolate scales, free claws, prosternum constricted anteriorly, procoxae closer to the anterior margin of prosternum than to posterior. Voss included it in the Apiotherium-complex up to final clarification. Alonso-Zarazaga and Lyal (1999) raised it to the rank of separate genus. Although Miltapion shares few characters with Apiotherium, some of them are plesiomorphic and general for many Apioninae (as elytral formula 1+2+9, 3+4, 5+6, 7+8), and many are homoplasious and therefore are found in a wide range of genera of both Apionitae and Aspidapiitae (for example, the distinct subocular rim of scales, bisinuate base of pronotum and dilated mesorostrum). The genitalia of Apiotherium (as shown in Kissinger (1968)), especially the tegminal plate not separated apically into lobes, lacking membranous part, microtrichia and macrochaetae and median protruding crest) are strikingly different from those of Miltapion, tibia of males of Apiotherium strongly mucronate, elytra wide and convex, shiny, pronotum with distinct basal flange, sparcely punctated, rostrum much longer than pronotum. Miltapion belongs to the Apioninae Schoenherr (sensu Wanat 2001) based on the elytral striation comprised of 9 stria with formula 1+2+9, 3+4, 5+6, 7+8, and punctated non-rugulose ventrites, and to the supertribe Apionitae Alonso-Zarasaga based on the pygidium being of the exposed apionine type. We suggest that it belongs to the tribe Ixapiini Alonso-Zarazaga, which includes the genera Ixapion Roudier & Tempre and Trichopterapion Wagner in the Palaearctic region, Neapion Alonso-Zarazaga in the Nearctic and Neotropic regions and Papuapion Korotyaev in New Guinea. Miltapion shares the following characters with Ixapiini: prorostrum glabrous, devoid of scales, narrower than metarostrum, mesorostrum dilated, antennal insertion basal,

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antennal scrobes foveiform, antenna stout, compact, scape short, eye with distinct subocular rim of scales, pronotum transverse, often conical, constricted apically, lacking basal flange, elytral stria coarse, deep, at least half as wide as interstria, legs stout, male tibiae unarmed, tarsomeres as long as wide or transverse, compact, claws dentate (as in Neapion) tegmen with long membranous lobes, microtrichia numerous (as Ixapion and Neapion), a small number of macrochetae (as in Neapion), and prostegium with two protruding triangular projections, endophallus with large sclerite (as Neapion), pubescence comprised of scales, body coloration often brown, ferrugineos, testaceous or red, opaque. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are grateful Dr. M. Wanat, Museum of Natural History, Wrocaw, Poland and Dr. A. A. Legalov, Siberian Zoological Museum, Institute for Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Novosibirsk, Russia for their essential help in determination of the generic status of M. lopatini, Dr. A. Konstantinov and Ms. Elisabeth Roberts, USDA, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington D. C., USA for providing important literature, and Ms. Naomi Paz, Department of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Israel for linguistic corrections. REFERENCES
Alonso-Zarazaga, M.A. 1990. Revision of the supraspecific taxa in the Palaearctic Apionidae Schoenherr, 1823. 2. Subfamily Apioninae Schoenherr, 1823: Introduction, keys and descriptions. Graellsia 46: 19-156. Alonso Zarazaga, M.A. & Lyal, C.H.C., 1999. A World Catalogue of families and genera of Curculionoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) (excluding Scolytidae and Platypodidae). Entomopraxis, Barcelona. 315 pp. Kissinger, D. G., 1968. Curculionidae subfamily Apioninae of North and Central America, with reviews of the world genera of Apioninae and world subgenera of Apion Herbst (Coleoptera). Taxonomic Publications, South Lancaster, Massachusetts, 559 pp. Korotyaev, B.A. 1987. New species of weevils of the subfamily Apioninae (Coleoptera, Apionidae) from tropical and subtropical regions of Asia. Entomofauna Vietnama (Entomofauna of Vietnam): 94-120. Moscow. (In Russian). Voss, E. 1966. ber thiopische und Madagassische Apionen (Col.), vorwiegend aus des Sammlungen des Museums G. Frey. Entomologische Arbeiten des Museums G. Frey 17:193-325. Wanat, M. 2001. Genera of Australo-Pacific Rhadinocybinae and Myrmacycelinae, with biogeography of the Apionidae (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) and phylogeny of Brentidae (s. lato). Mantis, Olsztyn, 432 pp.

PENSOFT Publishers A New Sofia Moscow

Konstantinov, Tishechkin, Penev (eds.) 2005 Species of the Dung Beetle Genus Namakwanus from Namibia 245 Contributions to Systematics and Biology of Beetles Papers Celebrating the 80th Birthday of Igor Konstantinovich Lopatin, pp. 245-247

A New Species of the Dung Beetle Genus Namakwanus (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) from Namibia
A.V. Frolov
Laboratory of Insect Systematics, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab., 1, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia. Section dEntomologie, Muse royal de lAfrique centrale, Leuvensesteenweg 13, B-3080 Tervuren, Belgium. E-mail: afrolov@zin.ru

ABSTRACT
A second species of the genus Namakwanus Scholtz et Howden, N. streyi sp. n., is described from Namibia.

KEY WORDS
Namakwanus streyi, new species, Afrotropical Region, Namibia.

African dung beetles of the tribe Canthonini are relatively well known and include 21 genera and some 80 species (Davis et al. 1999, 2001, Howden and Scholtz 1987, Scholtz and Howden 1987a, 1987b, Frolov and Scholtz 2003). Most of the species of the tribe are distributed in the temperate regions of southern Africa and the eastern highlands of central and south-central Africa, however a lineage comprised of three rare, highly modified genera occurs in the Northern Cape Province of South Africa and in Namibia (Frolov and Scholtz 2003). Of these genera, only Byrrhidium Harold includes 3 described species but the two other genera, namely Namakwanus Scholtz et Howden and Dicranocara Frolov et Scholtz, were considered monotypical so far. Recently I had the opportunity to examine a male specimen from Namibia which fit well the diagnosis of the genus Namakwanus but represent a species clearly different from N. irishi Scholtz and Howden. This species is described below. Aedeagus of the beetle was cleaned in 10% KOH solution, rinsed in distilled water, and airdried. Authors remarks are in square brackets. NAMAKWANUS STREYI NEW SPECIES (FIGS. 1, 2) Description Holotype, male (Fig. 1). Upper side of body punctate, somewhat shagreened, blackish brown, lateral parts of clypeus and pronotum slightly paler. Body length 10.1 mm, width 6.0 mm.

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2
1 mm

1
2 mm

Figs. 1-2. Namakwanus streyi sp. n. 1. habitus of the holotype; 2. parameres in dorsal and lateral view.

Head. Anterior margin of clypeus with two small teeth, sinuate medially, with fine border. Genae angulate, faintly separated from anterior clypeal margin. Frontoclypeal and genal sutures indistinct. Dorsal surface regularly, sparsely punctate in the middle with punctures becoming larger and denser laterally and anteriorly. Pronotum convex, with subparallel sides, width twice greater than length. Lateral and anterior margins of pronotum bordered, base not bordered. Punctures rounded on disc becoming elongated laterally. Elytra without humeral umbones. Each elytron with 10 feebly marked striae. Elytral intervals flat, sparsely punctate (punctures separated by 1-2 puncture diameters). Metathoracic wings reduced. Legs. Anterior tibia with short, conical spur and three short outer teeth, margin basad of teeth serrate. Apical part of anterior tibia setose dorsally. Lateral margins of middle and hind tibiae curved. Inner margins of posterior tibiae serrate. Underside. Abdominal sternites with small lateral depressions. Meso- and metasterna with fine punctuation. Aedeagus. Parameres with strongly sclerotized, hook-shaped apices and rows of long setae (Fig. 2). Internal sac with sub-symmetrically located spinules, without larger sclerites. Diagnosis This species differs from N. irishi in having relatively wide pronotum with regular punctuation and less depressed anterior angles, clypeus with two small teeth, somewhat rectangular and slightly

A New Species of the Dung Beetle Genus Namakwanus from Namibia

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depressed elytra, regularly serrate inner margin of posterior tibiae, and straight keel on the dorsal surface of anterior tibiae. It also differs in its larger size and in the shape of parameres. Type material. Holotype with the printed label Bullspoort [Bullsport: 1622E, 248S], S.W.A. [South-West Africa: Namibia], R. G. Strey [leg.] (Transvaal Museum, Pretoria, South Africa TMSA). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Ruth Mller (TMSA, Pretoria) for providing the specimen for examination. This study has been partly supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from Belgian Office for Scientific, Technical and Cultural Affairs and by a grant no 04-04-49109 from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research. LITERATURE CITED
Davis, A. L. V., C. H. Scholtz, and J. du G. Harrison. 1999. New and threatened Afrotropical, dung beetle taxa in the Gondwanaland tribe Canthonini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). African Entomology, 7:77-84. Davis, A. L. V., C. H. Scholtz, and J. du G. Harrison. 2001. Cladistic, phenetic, and biogeographical analysis of the flightless dung beetle genus, Gyronotus van Lansberge (Scarabaeidae), in threatened eastern afrotropical forests. Journal of Natural History, 35:1607-1625. Frolov, A. V. and C. H. Scholtz. 2003. A new genus and species of dung beetle from southern Namibia (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). African Entomology, 11(2):297299. Howden, H. F. and C. H. Scholtz. 1987. A revision of the African genus Ondontoloma Boheman (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa, 50(1): 55-192. Scholtz, C. and H. F. Howden. 1987a. A revision of the African Canthonina (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). Journal of the Entomological society of Southern Africa, 50(1): 5-119. Scholtz, C.H. & H. F. Howden. 1987b. A revision of the southern African genus Epirinus Reiche (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa, 50(1): 21-154.

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PENSOFT Publishers A New Species Sofia Moscow

Konstantinov, Tishechkin, Penev (eds.) 2005 of Sphenoptera Solier (Coleoptera, Buprestidae) from China 249 Contributions to Systematics and Biology of Beetles Papers Celebrating the 80th Birthday of Igor Konstantinovich Lopatin, pp. 249-251

A New Species of Sphenoptera Solier (Coleoptera, Buprestidae) from China


M. Yu. Kalashian
Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Republic of Armenia, P. Sevak str. 7, 375014 Yerevan, ARMENIA, e-mail: mkalashian@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT
Sphenoptera lopatini new species, from China is described and illustrated. The new species is closely related to S. irregularis Jakovlev, 1886, which can be differentiated from it by the smaller size, more slender body, sparser and less visible micropunctation and much more dense and scarce macropunctation of the dorsum, and by the shape of the ovipositor.

KEY WORDS
Buprestidae, Sphenoptera, new species, China

Due to the kindness of Dr. E. Jendek (Slovakia, Bratislava) I had the possibility to study materials on Sphenoptera Solier in his collection. Among others, two specimens belonging to a new species were found. Description of this species is given below. The following abbreviations are used in the text: EJCB E. Jendek collection, Bratislava, Slovakia. MKCY M. Kalashian collection, Yerevan, Armenia. ZIN - Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia. SPHENOPTERA LOPATINI NEW SPECIES (FIG. 1) Material: Holotype and 1 paratype, females: CHINA: 20 km SE of Torugart Pass, Kyrgystan border, 3400 m, 14.7.1994, collector unknown. Holotype is deposited in EJCB, paratype in MKCY. Description: Body moderately elongate, 2.60-2.65 times as long as wide, moderately convex, rather shiny, black with very fine blue luster. Body above glabrous, sternum and abdomen laterally with stripe of dense yellowish setae, partially hiding surface. Length 10.8-11.0 mm; width at base of elytra 4.1-4.15 mm. Head moderately broad, slightly narrower than pronotum anteriorly; eyes rather small, slightly convex, very weakly projecting outward of head; vertex 2.95-3.05 times as wide as transverse diameter of eye. Clypeus in shape of narrow half-ring with rounded apices, micreticulate. Frons

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with finely sinuate sides very weakly convergent posteriorly, its surface mainly slightly convex, at middle with fine longitudinal depression, laterally of the latter with pair of very fine small depressions; posteriorly and inward of antennal fossae frons with poorly defined carinae laterally curved, anteriorly not reaching inner margins of eyes. Macropunctation of frons anteriorly dense and rather coarse, with some wrinkles, to back and on vertex smaller and sparser, micropunctation dense and distinct. Antennae 1.7-1.8 times as long as eye height, serrated from antennomere 4, following antennomeres transverse. Pronotum 1.55-1.60 times as wide as long, widest slightly behind middle; its sides in anterior convexly, moderately converging anteriorly, in basal subparallel, very convex, very slightly convergent to approximately straight basal angles; pronotal sides not continuous with elytral sides. Anterior margin slightly bisinuate, bordered with thin microreticulate stripe separated from pronotal disk with fine sulcus nearly interrupted at middle. Basal margin bisinuate, its median projection of moderate width with almost straight, truncated apex. Lateral carinae slightly separate, finely sinuate extending approximately to anterior 1/5 of pronotal length, visible from above approximately up to to anterior 1/3. Pronotal disc moderately convex, almost flat along the middle, along lateral sides in basal to 2/3 flattened or very slightly adpressed; disc covered with very dense and distinct micropunctures, macropunctures laterally coarse and dense, sometimes confluent into wrinkles, much sparser and shallower in the middle. Scutellum transversely pentagonal with rounded angles, its surface with several small punctures. Elytra 1.9 times as long as wide, sides very slightly converging (subparallel) in basal 3/5, then more abruptly, first very slightly arcuately, then very feebly emarginately converging to apex. Elytral apices slightly separated and slightly, irregularly rounded. Elytra rather convex except with wide shallow depression near anterior 1/3 of suture, along posterior 2/3 of suture elytra narrowly elevated. Elytral disk along suture finely and flatly crumpled. Surface with few fine irregular transversal wrinkles, micropunctation very dense and distinct as in pronotum, punctate rows consist of inconspicuous, small, distinct hyphen-like punctures, intervals with small and sparse rounded punctures.

Figs. 1-2. Sphenoptera spp., ovipositor: 1. S. lopatini sp. n.; 2. S. irregularis Jakovlev. (Scale bars = 1 mm).

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Ventral side of body laterally (except anal sternite) with rather wide strips of very dense small punctures and yellowish setae more or less hiding the former, except surface of these stripes with rather sparse and indistinct micropuncation. Prosternal process slightly convex, with rather coarse and dense punctures, without margin. Middle portion of sternum and 1st abdominal sternite with few punctures of moderate size, middle portions of the following sternites with very small, sparse punctures, finely condensed on anal sternite, the latter widely slightly irregularly rounded distally. Fore tibiae moderately curved distally, middle ones nearly straight with weakly curved inner margin, hind ones nearly straight. Ovipositor as in Fig. 1. Male unknown. Diagnosis. The new species is closely related to S. irregularis Jakovlev, 1886. This species is described from Tourkestan: Kirghis-Dar (syntype in ZIN), is known also from eastern Kazakhstan, Tuva and Mongolia. It differs by its smaller size (length 6.5-8.0 mm), more slender body (body 2.80-2.95 times as long as wide, pronotum 1.45-1.50 times as wide as long, elytra about two time as long as wide), by sparser and less visible micropunctation and much more dense and scarce macropunctation of the dorsum. Prosternal process in S. irregularis laterally margined, with row of sparse, deep, sometimes confluent punctures. The two species differ in the structure of ovipositor as well see Fig. 2. Derivatio nominis. The new species is dedicated to Professor I. K. Lopatin for being an inspiration for generations of beetle taxonomists in former Soviet Union. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my friends and colleagues: to Dr. E. Jendek (Bratislava, Slovakia) and Dr. M. Volkovitsh (ZIN) for providing me with materials for study, and to Dr. A. Konstantinov (National Museum of Natural History, Washington, USA) for his kind help in preparing the manuscript for publishing. LITERATURE CITED
Jakovlev, B. E. 1886. Descriptions despces nouvelles ou peu connues du genre Sphenoptera Sol. des rgions palartiques. Trudy Russkago Entomologicheskogo obshchestva, 20:82-103.

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PENSOFT Publishers Sofia Moscow

Konstantinov, Tishechkin, Penev (eds.) 2005 New Species of Aphanisticus Latreille from India and Indonesia 253 Contributions to Systematics and Biology of Beetles Papers Celebrating the 80th Birthday of Igor Konstantinovich Lopatin, pp. 253-260

New Species of Aphanisticus Latreille from India and Indonesia (Coleoptera, Buprestidae)
M. Yu. Kalashian
Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Republic of Armenia, P. Sevak str. 7, 375014 Yerevan, ARMENIA, e-mail: mkalashian@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT
Aphanisticus jendeki sp. n. and A. pacholatkoi sp. n., both from South India (Kerala) and A. harauensis sp. n. from Indonesia (Sumatra) are described. Lectotypes for Goniophthalma (=Aphanisticus) subfasciata Motschulsky and G. (=A.) bispina Motschulsky are designated. The A. subfasciatus Motschulsky species-group is established, and it includes besides the above mentioned species, A. tassii Baudon., A. binhensis Desc. & Vill., A. descarpentriesi Kalashian, A. lumareti Kalashian and A. dembickyi Kalashian. A key for determination of the species of the group is given.

KEY WORDS
Buprestidae, new species, India, Indonesia

This paper continues my study of Oriental Aphanisticini sensu Cobos (Kalashian 1993, 1997, 1999, 2004 and others). Here I describe three new species; all these are close to each other and form a distinctive species group in the genus Aphanisticus Latreille together with some species described earlier which I am calling A. subfasciatus (Motsch.) group. It includes, besides the species described below, A. bispinus (Motsch.), A. tassii Baudon., A. binhensis Desc. & Vill., A. descarpentriesi Kalashian, A. lumareti Kalashian and A. dembickyi Kalashian, and probably also A. sulcicollis Walker (see below). I have studied type specimens of all above mentioned species, except A. tassii and A. sulcicollis. For Motshulskys species lectotypes are designated below to stabilize the concepts of these species. The material studied is deposited in the following collections: BMNH British Museum, London, Great Britain; EJCB E. Jendek collection, Bratislava, Slovakia; MHNP Museum national dHistoire naturelle, Paris, France; MKCY M. Kalashian collection, Yerevan, Armenia; SBPC S. Bl collection, Prague, Czech Republic; TICB TAMMIN, Insecta collection (Coll. V. Kub), Brno, Czech Republic; http:// home.tiscali.cz/tammin/; ZIN - Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia;

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ZM MGU Zoological Museum, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia. In citations of labels below the following abbreviations are used: h handwriting, p printed; data of different labels are separated by a slash /. My labels with type status designation (holotype, paratype, lectotype, paralectotype) are not cited in the text. APHANISTICUS SUBFASCIATUS MOTSCHULSKY SPECIES-GROUP The species belonging to this group are characterized by a subparallel, slender and elongate body of moderate size (3.2-5.0 mm, body 3.1-3.7 times as long as wide, elytra 2.3-2.8 times as long as wide); head rather large, frontovertex deeply concave, eyes large, oculofrontal borders keel-shaped. Frons sometimes with a pair of rather large tubercles behind antennal cavities, posterior margin of eyes incurved in lateral aspect, sometimes very strongly; temples can be protruded anteriorly and laterally of eyes, in maximum developed condition forming large obtuse teeth. Antennae serrate from 8th antennomere. Pronotum flattened along sides and slightly depressed near posterior angles, sometimes also near anterior angles and near middle of lateral margins, disc rather convex, this convexity divided by three more or less deep transverse depressions in convex anterior margin and median lobe and two transverse gibbosities. Elytra in anterior 1/2-2/3 with distinct, more or less coarse irregular transversal wrinkles and deep, sometimes foveiform punctures, posterior to this structure more or less, sometimes nearly completely, smoothed. Species of the group are distributed in South India, Sri-Lanka, Burma, Indonesia, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam and South China. APHANISTICUS JENDEKI KALASHIAN, NEW SPECIES (FIGS. 2, 12) Material: Holotype, male: S India, Kerala, Palni Hills, 30 km E Munnar, 1900 m, Top Station, 22-25.v.1994, 10o08' N 77o15E, Z. Kejval leg. (TICB). Paratypes, 5 , 2 , 10 ex., with the same data in EJCB, MKCY, SBPC, TICB. Description: Body strongly elongate, slender, 3.6-3.7 times as long as wide, slightly convex, dark bronzy, surface microreticulate with silky luster, microreticulation smoothed on gibbosities of pronotum which are shinier. Length 3.3-3.5 mm, width 0.9-0.98 mm (Fig. 2). Head large, nearly straightly slightly narrowed to back, frons rather wide, very weakly enlarged posteriorly. Oculofrontal borders keel-shaped, eyes large, moderately convex, in dorsal aspect directed rather anteriorly than laterally, posterior margin of eyes (in lateral aspect) strongly incurved. Frontovertex deeply concave, concavity rounded posteriorly, not reaching anterior margin of pronotum. Surface of head with rather dense, large irregular flat punctures, in concavity much more smooth. Antennae serrate from 8th antennomere. Pronotum 1.4-1.55 times as wide as long, widest between anterior 1/3 and 1/4, its sides very finely irregularly serrate, in anterior 2/3 arcuate, slightly incurved just anterior to obtuse basal angles. Anterior margin slightly bisinuate, posterior margin bisinuate with slightly projecting widely rounded median lobe. Pronotum widely flattened along sides, slightly depressed near posterior angles, disk convex, with convex anterior margin and medial lobe, and two transversal gibbosities, separated by moderately deep transverse depressions, posterior gibbosity with very obtuse keel-shaped edge. Lateral flattened portions of pronotum with several flat inconspicuous (hidden by microreticulation) rather large (as in head) punctures, convexities with few small distinct punctures. Scutellum small, triangular.

New Species of Aphanisticus Latreille from India and Indonesia

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1-4, 6-11

10 6 7

11 8 9 12

13

Figs. 1-13. Aphanisticus spp. 1-5 Body shape: 1. A. pacholatkoi sp. n.; 2. A. jendeki sp. n.; 3. A. bispinus Motsch.; 4. A. subfasciatus Motsch.; 5. A. harauensis sp. n. 6-9 Head and pronotum: 6. A. descarpentriesi Kalashian; 7. A. dembickii Kalashian; 8. A. binhensis Desc. & Vill.; 9. A. tassii Baudon. 12-13 Male genitalia: 12. A. jendeki sp. n.; 13. A. pacholatkoi sp. n.

Elytra 2.6-2.7 times as long as wide, slightly widened just behind humeri, then sinuate to 2/5, where elytra become widest, then finely convexly, distally nearly straightly narrowed to slightly separately angularly rounded and very finely serrate apices. Elytra narrowly flattened along sides, disk slightly convex, slightly depressed near suture posteriorly. Surface with irregular longitudinal rows of punctures and transversal wrinkles, anteriorly this structure very coarse, wrinkles sometimes hiding punctures, postyerior sculpture smoother, punctures become hyphen-shaped, partly merged in thin short furrows, wrinkles smoothed but distinct nearly to elytral apices.

12, 13

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Ventral side of body. Sternum and 1-2 visible sternites of abdomen with rather dense and large flat punctures, the rest of abdomen with traces of small punctures. Anal sternite in male shortly cut distally with rounded angles, in female widely rounded distally. Male genitalia as in Fig. 12. Diagnosis see key below. Derivatio nominis. The new species is dedicated to my good friend Dr. E. Jendek (Bratislava, Slovakia) with my gratitude and respect. APHANISTICUS PACHOLATKOI KALASHIAN, NEW SPECIES (FIGS. 1, 10, 13) Material: Holotype, male: South India, Kerala pr., Kallar val., 15 km SW Munnar, 10o02' N 76 58E, 1250 m, 1-9.v.1997, L. Dembicki & P. Pacholtko leg. (TICB). Paratypes, 10 males, 5 females, with the same data; 1 male: India S/ Kerala, Periyar Lake ULS, 13-20.5.1991, Jiri Kolibac leg. Paratypes in EJCB, MKCY, SBPC, TICB. Description: Body elongate, 3.10-3.25 time as long as wide, rather convex, dark bronzy, surface finely microreticulated, with silky luster. Length 3.2-3.65 mm, width 0.9-1.05 mm (Fig. 1). Head large, finely, convexly slightly enlarged posterioirly. Frons narrow, slightly enlarged posterioirly. Oculofrontal borders keel-shaped. Eyes large, rather convex, in dorsal aspect directed rather anteriorly than laterally, with posterior margin deeply incurved in lateral aspect (Fig. 10). Frontovertex deeply concave, concavity rather widely rounded posteriorly. Surface with very flat rather dense irregular punctures of moderate size, in depression strongly smoothed. Antennae serrate from 8th antennomere. Pronotum 1.43-1.55 times as wide as long, widest just in front of anterior 1/3, arcuately narrowed to front and nearly straightly narrowed towards obtuse basal angles. Anterior margin slightly bisinuate, posterior margin bisinuate with moderately protruding triangular, broadly rounded median lobe. Pronotum along sides rather irregularly flattened with slight depressions near anterior and posterior angles and near middle of lateral margins. Disc convex, convexity divided by rather deep transverse depressions in convex anterior margin and median lobe and two transverse gibbosities with very obtusely keel-shaped edges. Surface laterally and in transversal depressions with few very flat, rather large irregular punctures, convexities smooth. Scutellum triangular, with very weakly convex sides. Elytra 2.22-2.35 times as long as wide, widest just behind humeri and middle, slightly enlarged just behind humeri, then slightly sinuate approximately to middle, then slightly convexly, distally nearly straightly narrowed to rather widely separately, angular, very finely serrate apices. Elytra narrowly flattened along sizes, disc rather convex, very slightly depressed near suture apically. In basal half elytra with inconspicuous longitudinal keels situated approximately equidistant to suture and lateral margin of each elytron. In basal half elytral surface with very coarse irregular transversal wrinkles and rather deep, sometimes foveiform punctures, in posterior half wrinkles smoothed, indistinct, punctures small, hyphen-shaped, forming irregular rows. Ventral side of body similar to previous species. Male genitalia as in Fig. 13. Diagnosis see key below. Derivatio nominis. The new species is dedicated to my good friend Dr. P. Pacholtko (Brno, Czech Republic), one of the collectors of the new species with my gratitude and respect.
o

New Species of Aphanisticus Latreille from India and Indonesia APHANISTICUS HARAUENSIS KALASHIAN, NEW SPECIES (FIG. 5)

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Material: Holotype, female: Indonesia, Sumatra occ., Parakumbuh, Harau Valley, 1.1991 (TICB). Description: Body elongate, 3.3 times as long as wide, rather convex, nearly black with almost inconspicuous bronzy luster, surface with microreticulation more fine on rather shiny head and pronotum, slightly more distinct on ventral surface and rather dense on elytra, which are rather mat. Length 4.55 mm, width 1.375 mm (Fig. 5). Head large, subequal in width behind eyes and near anterior margin of pronotum, with sides widely rounded, frons rather narrow, slightly widened posteriorly, behind antennal cavities with pair of strong tubercles, which are rather wide anteriorly, narrowed posteriorly towards eyes and forming obtuse keel-shaped oculofrontal borders. Frontovertex deeply concave, concavity rather strongly narrowed to back. Eyes large, moderately convex, directed rather anteriorly than laterally (in dorsal aspect), with posterior margin deeply incurved (in lateral aspect), temples very weakly protruding anteriorly and laterally from head outline forming very feeble projections. Surface with irregular sparse small flat punctures, in depression nearly inconspicuous, outside rather distinct. Antennae serrate from 8th antennomere. Pronotum 1.55 times as wide as long, widest approximately near anterior 1/3, arcuately narrowed anteriorly and nearly straightly narrowed toward obtuse basal angles. Sides very finely, irregularly serrate. Anterior margin slightly bisinuate, posterior margin bisinuate with widely rounded median lobe. Pronotum rather broadly flattened along sides, slightly depressed near posterior angles, disc convex, with convex anterior margin and medial lobe and two transverse gibbosities, separated by moderately deep transverse depressions. Surface in depressions with few rather large flat, rounded punctures, convexities with traces of small punctures. Scutellum rather small, triangular. Elytra 2.4 times as long as wide, widest near posterior 2/5, slightly widened just behind humeri, then rather distinctly sinuate towards posterior 2/5 and very slightly convexly narrowed to narrowly slightly separately rounded, with very feebly serrate apices. Elytra narrowly flattened along sides, disc convex, slightly depressed along suture apically. Surface in anterior half with rather coarse irregular transverse wrinkles and irregular longitudinal rows of coarse foveiform punctures of moderate size, sculpture smoothed and nearly indistinct posteriorly, only traces of punctures and wrinkles are visible in oblique light. Ventral side of body with rounded flat punctures, rather distinct anteriorly, strongly smoothed posterioirly and in last sternites nearly inconspicuous. Anal sternite in female broadly slightly irregularly rounded distally. Male unknown. Diagnosis see key below. Derivatio nominis. Named after the type locality. *** I had the opportunity to study type specimens of Motschulsky species in ZM MGU and ZIN. Its known, that collection of Motschulsky was kept in improper conditions for a long time, and as a result the specimens of the species of Aphanisticus lost their original coloration, becoming nearly absolutely black. Thus, the coloration of Motschulsky species in the key below is described after study of fresh specimens. Also, it is risky to manipulate these specimens so the sex of the types is not determined.

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APHANISTICUS SUBFASCIATUS (MOTSHULSKY, 1861) (FIG. 4) Goniophthalma subfasciata Motshulsky, 1861: 113, t. 9, f. 6 Described from Ceylon (Des montagnes Nura-Ellia). I studied type specimens from ZMMGU and ZIN. The lectotype, designated here (ZM MGU): yellow ring/ type (h)/ Goniophthalma subfasciata Motsch. I. or. Ceyl. Mt.Nura (h, yellow label); 1 paralectotype the same labels [Transcriptio]; 1 paralectotype Goniophthalma subfasciata Motsch., Ceylon (h, yellow label) (both ZM MGU); 1 paralectotype yellow ring/ Goniophthalma subfasciata Motsch. Ceylon (h)/ c. Motshulsky (p); 1 paralectotype: golden ring/ c. Motschulsky (p) (both ZIN). Besides the type series only two specimens both originating from Ceylon, and deposited in MHNP and BMNH are known. I had the opportunity to study the first one and a photograph of the second one from Dr. E. Jendek. APHANISTICUS BISPINUS (MOTSCHULSKY, 1861) (FIG. 3) Goniophthalma bispina Motschulsky, 1861: 113 Described together with the previous species from the same type locality. I studied the lectotype (designated here, ZM MGU): yellow ring/ type (h)/ Goniophthalma bispina Motsch. I. or., Ceyl. Mt. Nura (h, yellow label). Besides this specimen only 1 male of this species is known: Sri-Lanka, Haputale env., 2428.04. (EJCB). Note. Due to the kindness of Dr. E. Jendek I had the opportunity to study a photograph of the type specimen of Aphanisticus sulcicollis Walker (1858: 280) from BMNH. This species originated from Ceylon as well and is probably conspecific with A. bispinus, but further study of this specimen is necessary for exact determination of the status of A. sulcicollis. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF A. SUBFASCIATUS MOTSCH. SPECIES-GROUP 1(8) 2(3) 3(2) 4(5) 5(4) 6(7) Frons with pair of rather large tubercles anteriorly (Figs. 5, 7, 9). Temples strongly protruding anteriorly and laterally of eyes forming large teeth (Fig. 9). 3.4-4.8 mm (Laos, Thailand) ........................................................................ A. tassii Baudon. Temples slightly protruding from head outline, not forming teeth. Body elongate, slender, 3.55-3.65 times as long as wide, elytra 2.70-2.80 times as long as wide. 3.55-4.10 mm (Burma) ................................................................ A. lumareti Kalashian Body more robust, no more than 3.50 times as long as wide, elytra less than 2.55 times as long as wide. Temples very slightly protruding from head outline, frons narrower, depression of frontovertex rather strongly narrowed to back, body more robust, 3.3 times as long as wide, elytra 2.4 times as long as wide. Punctation of head and pronotum rather distinct. 4.55 mm (Fig. 5). (Indonesia: Sumatra) .................................................. A. harauensis sp. n. Temples more protruding from head outline, frons wider, depression of frontovertex widely rounded posteriorly (Fig. 7), body more slender, 3.35-3.45 times as long as wide, elytra 2.45-2.56 times as long as wide. Punctuation of head and pronotum very fine, nearly indistinct. 3.85-4.85 mm (South Vietnam) ........................ A. dembickyi Kalashian

7(6)

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8(1) Frons without anterior tubercles. 9(12) Posterior margin of eyes deeply incurved (in lateral aspect) (as in Fig. 10), in dorsal aspect eyes directed rather anteriorly than laterally. Species from South India (Kerala) 10(11) More robust, 3.10-3.25 times as long as wide, head finely convexly slightly enlarged to back. 3.20-3.65 mm (Fig. 1). Male genitalia as in Fig. 10 .................. A. pacholatkoi sp. n. 11(10) More slender, 3.6-3.7 time as long as wide, head nearly straightly narrowed to back (Fig. 2). Male genitalia as in Fig. 9. 3.3-3.5 mm ................................................... A. jendeki sp. n. 12(9) Posterior margin of eyes less incurved (in lateral aspect) (as in Fig. 11), in dorsal aspect eyes directed rather laterally than anteriorly. 13(16) Elytra in basal 1/2-2/3 with very coarse vermiform wrinkles, sometimes also with deep and large, irregular foveiform punctures. Bright bronzy, elytra with blurred reddish coppery spots. Species from Sri-Lanka. 14(15) Bigger (3.75-4.40 mm), more robust, body 3.10-3.25 times as long as wide, elytra 2.3-2.4 times as long as wide. Elytra with finely separated but distinct longitudinal carinae situated equidistant between suture and lateral margin of each elytron (Fig. 4) ................................ ................................................................................................................ A. subfasciatus Motsch. 15(14) Smaller (3.25-3.30 mm) and more slender, body 3.45 times as long as wide, elytra 2.55 times as long as wide. Elytra without carinae (Fig. 3) ........................ A. bispinus Motsch. 16(13). Elytra anteriorly with wrinkles less coarse and with irregular rows of smaller and finer punctures. Dark bronzy or nearly black with bronzy luster. Species from Indochina. 17(18) Frons wider, distinctly enlarged posteriorly. Pronotum slightly narrowed to back, widest just in front middle (Fig.6). 3.95 mm (North Vietnam) ............................................................ ....................................................................................................... A. descarpentriesi Kalashian 18(17) Frons narrower, very slightly enlarged posteriorly. Pronotum widest near anterior 1/3, more distinctly narrowed posteriorly (Fig. 8). 3.6-5.0 mm (North Vietnam, Laos, South China) ................................................................................................. A. binhensis Desc. & Vill. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my friends and colleagues: to V. Kub (Brno, Czech Republic), Dr. E. Jendek (Bratislava, Slovakia) and Dr. S. Bl (Prague, Czech Republic) for providing me with the material of the new species and to Dr. N. Nikitsky (ZM MGU) and Dr. M. Volkovitsh (ZIN) for providing me with the specimens from the Motschulsky collection. Special thanks to Dr. A. Konstantinov (National Museum of Natural History, Washington, USA) for his kind assistance in preparing the manuscript for publishing. LITERATURE CITED
Kalashian M. Yu. 1993. Materialy k faune zhukov-zlatok (Coleoptera, Buprestidae) Vietnama. I. Rod Aphanisticus Latreille. Entomologicheskoe obozrenie, 72(3): 601-605. [In Russian]. Kalashian M. Yu. 1997. New subgenus of Endelus (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) with description of three new species from Vietnam and China. Folia Heyrovskyana, 5(2):73-81. Kalashian M. Yu. 1999. New species of Aphanisticus and Endelus (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) from SouthEast Asia. Folia Heyrovskyana, 7(5): 293-300.

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Kalashian M. Yu. 2004. Novye vidy zlatok roda Aphanisticus Latreille (Coleoptera, Buprestidae) iz IndoMalayskoy oblasti. Entomologicheskoe obozrenie, 83 (1): 151-162. [In Russian]. Motschulsky V. I. 1861. Essai dun Catalogue des Insectes de lile Ceylan. Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 34 (1): 95-155. Walker, F. 1858. Characters of some apparently undescribed Ceylon Insects. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (3): 280-286.

PENSOFT Publishers Sofia Moscow

Konstantinov, Tishechkin, Penev (eds.) 2005 On the Ophoniscus-complex of the Selenophori 261 Contributions to Genus-group Systematics and Biology of Beetles Papers Celebrating the 80th Birthday of Igor Konstantinovich Lopatin, pp. 261-288

On the Ophoniscus-complex of the Selenophori Genus-group (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Harpalini)


B. M. Kataev
Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia. E-mail: harpal@zin.ru

ABSTRACT
The study deals with the taxonomy of four selenophorine genera (Panagrius Andrewes, 1933, Ophoniscus Bates, 1892, Pseudohyparpalus Basilewsky, 1946 and Neohyparpalus Clarke, 1981) united in a monophyletic group, the Ophoniscus-complex, on the basis of the following apomorphic character states: the dorsum punctate and pubescent, the apical angle of the pronotum with at least one long marginal seta and the apical spur of the protibia dentate at margins. New diagnoses and keys are provided for all the included genera and for the species of Panagrius and Ophoniscus. Some problems of evolution and historical zoogeography of the Ophoniscus-complex are discussed. Two species, Ophoniscus lopatini sp. n. and O. batesi sp. n., are newly described from Burma. The following new synonymies are proposed: Panagrius Andrewes, 1933 = Indiophonus Ito, 1996, syn. n.; Panagrius hystrix Andrewes, 1933 = Indiophonus pilosus Ito, 1994, syn. n; Ophoniscus compositus (Walker, 1858) = O. insulicola Ito, 1994, syn. n.; and Pseudohyparpalus velutinus (Dejean, 1829) = Hypolithus attenuatus Erichson, 1842, syn. n. Lectotypes are designated for Panagrius hystrix Andrewes, 1933, Ophoniscus iridulus Bates, 1892, O. cribrifrons Bates, 1892, O. hypolithoides Bates, 1892 and Hypolithus attenuatus Erichson, 1842.

KEY WORDS
Coleoptera, Carabidae, Harpalini, Selenophori, Indiophonus, Panagrius, Ophoniscus, Pseudohyparpalus, Neohyparpalus, Oriental region, Afrotropical region, taxonomy, new species, distribution.

INTRODUCTION In spite of a number of recent publications, including the special study by Noonan (1985a,b), the supraspecific system of the Selenophori group of the subtribe Harpalina remains little investigated and not evident. Even definition and composition of this group are still most controversial subjects in taxonomy of Harpalini (Sciaky, 1992; Kataev, 1999; Ball & Bousquet, 2001). Also, not much is known about the zoogeographic relationships between the faunas of different regions, traditionally studied separately. Recently the famous Japanese specialist on the Oriental Harpalini, Noboru Ito (1996), erected the new selenophorine genus Indiophonus for two new species: I. pilosus from Nagpur (central

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India) and I. nigricans from Karikal (southern India). According to the original description, the genus Indiophonus is very unusual within the Selenophori group, in having the body densely covered throughout with long pubescence and coarse punctures. However, after reading Itos publication, I remembered that a taxon with the same characteristics had already been described by Andrewes (1933) as monotypic genus Panagrius, with P. hystrix as the type species, from Nagpur and Bihar (central India). Unfortunately, the taxonomic position of the latter genus was obscure, since Andrewes in the original description compared Panagrius only with the Palaearctic genus Eriotomus Piochard de la Brlerie, 1873 (= Oedesis Motschulsky, 1850), belonging to the subtribe Ditomina, and for this reason it was not included by Noonan (1985a) in his revision of the supraspecific taxa of the Selenophori group. As a member of the subtribe Ditomina, Panagrius was listed in both volumes of the World catalogue of Carabidae published by Lorenz (1998a,b). Therefore, it is important to verify the taxonomic position of this taxon, especially since no attempt was made by Ito (1996) to discuss the position of his Indiophonus within the Selenophori group. Ito wrote that the genus belongs to the Selenophori group of the subtribe Harpalina, but noted only the resemblance of his genus to two members of the Harpali group of the subtribe Harpalina (the Nearctic genus Piosoma LeConte, 1848 and the Palaearctic genus Ophonus Dejean, 1821) and to the one member of the subtribe Ditomina (the Palaearctic genus Carterus Dejean & Boisduval, 1829). Thanks to my friends and colleagues, Dr. F. Hieke, Dr. M. Uhlig and Dr. B. Jaeger (Museum fr Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universitt, Berlin), I was able to re-study the types of both species described by Ito (1996) as members of the genus Indiophonus. This examination confirmed my proposition about the identity of the genera Panagrius and Indiophonus, and revealed the close relationship of the taxon in question to the selenophorine genera Ophoniscus Bates, 1892, Pseudohyparpalus Basilewsky, 1946 and Neohyparpalus Clarke, 1981. Although all the listed taxa are usually treated as belonging to differing phyletic lineages [see, for example, Noonan (1985b)], they constitute a natural group united on the basis of the following apomorphic character states: the dorsum punctate and pubescent, the apical angle of the pronotum with at least one long marginal seta and the apical spur of the protibia basally more or less strongly dentate at margins. The combination of these characters seems to be unique within the Selenophori and easily distinguishes this group, named here the Ophoniscus-complex, from all other selenophorine genera. A brief taxonomic review of the taxa belonging to this complex, with a description of two new species of Ophoniscus from Burma, is given in the present paper. As most included species have already been described in detail, more attention has been given to their distinctive characters and the supraspecific taxa. MATERIAL AND METHODS The paper is based on detailed examination of more than 610 specimens, belonging to 18 species in four genera (Panagrius, Ophoniscus, Pseudohyparpalus and Neohyparpalus) included in the Ophoniscus-complex, and many specimens representing most other groups of Selenophori. The following abbreviations were used herein for identification of deposition of the examined material: IZB Institute of Zoology, Beijing, China; NME Naturkundemuseum Erfurt, Germany; MNHUB Museum fr Naturkunde an der Humboldt-Universitt, Berlin, Germany; MNHN Musum National dHistoire Naturelle, Paris, France; MRACT Muse Royal de lAfrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgium; NHML Natural History Museum, London, Great Britain; ZISP Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia; cWR coll. D.W. Wrase, Berlin, Germany.

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Measurements were taken as follows: body length from anterior margin of clypeus to elytral apex; width of head as maximum linear distance across head, including compound eyes (WHmax), and as minimum linear distance across neck constriction just behind eyes (WHmin); length of pronotum (LP) along its median line; length of elytra (LE) from basal ridge in scutellar region to apex of sutural angle; maximum width of pronotum (WPmax) and elytra (WE) at their broadest place; minimum width of pronotum (WPmin) at its narrowest place near hind angles. The Ophoniscus-complex DIAGNOSIS. Dorsum punctate and pubescent. Apical angle of pronotum with 1-2 (rarely 34) long marginal setae (Figs. 7-14, 33, 38). Apical spur of protibia basally more or less strongly dentate at margins (Figs. 15-22). The members of the Ophoniscus-complex also share the following characters: head with clypeo-ocular prolongations; clypeal apex more or less straight, without deep emargination; genae

5 6

Figs. 1-6. Labium. 1 Panagrius hystrix (holotype of Indiophonus pilosus); 2 P. nigriceps (holotype); 3 Ophoniscus iridulus (Yunnan); 4 O. cribrifrons (Yunnan); 5 Pseudohyparpalus diastictus (Kenya); 6 P. metabolus (paratype). Scale = 1.0 mm.

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narrow; mentum separated from submentum by complete transverse suture, with or without medial tooth; epilobes notably widened apically; ligula narrow or sometimes more or less strongly expanded apically, with two ventro-apical setae and sometimes with few very short dorsal setae; paraglossae glabrous, broad, rounded at apex, separated from ligular sclerite at most by a very narrow notch; labial basal palpomere not carinate; mandibles stout, not elongate, left one distinctly truncate at apex; rows of discal pores on elytra present on 3rd, 5th and usually 7th intervals, or invisible against backgrounds of rather coarse general punctation; metacoxae each with only two obligate setigerous pores, without any additional pores; tarsi pubescent dorsally.

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Figs. 7-14. Pronotum. 7 Panagrius hystrix (holotype of Indiophonus pilosus); 8 P. nigriceps (holotype); 9-10 Ophoniscus cribrifrons (Yunnan); 11 O. hypolithoides (lectotype); 12 O. compositus (syntype of Siopelus ferreus); 13 O. iridulus (Yunnan); 14 Pseudohyparpalus metabolus (paratype). Scale = 1.0 mm.

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COMPOSITION. The Ophoniscus-complex includes at least four genera: Ophoniscus and Panagrius from the Oriental region, and Pseudohyparpalus and Neohyparpalus from the Afrotropical region. It is possible that this group should also include the Palaearctic genus Eriophonus Tschitschrine, 1901 with a single species, E. grandiceps (Reitter, 1900), known only from a single female from Syria. I was unable to examine the type, but, according to Sciaky (1992), Eriophonus seems to be very close or identical to the genus Pseudohyparpalus, because both taxa are characterized by similar chaetotaxy of the pronotum, with additional long setae both in apical and basal angles. Unfortunately, there is no information in the available literature (Reitter, 1900; Tschitschrine, 1901; Sciaky, 1992) about the shape of the protibial apical spur in Eriophonus. REMARKS. The Ophoniscus-complex represents a monophyletic lineage with the combination of the characters listed in the diagnosis (punctate and pubescent dorsum, long marginal setae in the apical angle of the pronotum, and dentate margins of the apical spur of the protibia), which seem to be unique not only within the Selenophori group but amongst all the Harpalini. Each of these characters in itself, however, is not specific and occurs in many unrelated groups of Harpalini. For example, the dentate margins of the apical protibial spur (probably adapted for burrowing or clamber) is found in many Anisodactylinae (the genera Gynandromorphus Dejean, 1829, Dicheirus Mannerheim, 1843, Rhysopus Andrewes, 1929, Pseudorhysopus Kataev & Wrase, 2001, and several different subgenera of the genus Anisodactylus Dejean, 1829), some Harpali (several species of the subgenus Pseudoophonus Motschulsky, 1844 of the genus Harpalus Latreille, 1802), and even Selenophori (the species of the genus Harpaliscus Bates, 1892 except for H. punctulatus Lutshnik, 1922), but never in combination with the long setae in the apical angles of the pronotum, as in the Ophoniscus-complex. The similarity of all the included taxa in many other morphological characters also substantiates an assumption about the monophyly of the group being discussed. The position of the Ophoniscus-complex within the Selenophori-group is not entirely known. This taxon most likely represents a derivative of the genus Parophonus Ganglbauer, 1892 sensu lato, as the latter was treated by Noonan (1985a), including Hyparpalus Alluaud, 1930; Ophonomimus Schauberger, 1933; Heterohyparpalus Basilewsky, 1946; Tachyophonus Tschitschrine, 1901; Paratheles Basilewsky, 1950; and Orphanixus Clarke, 1971. The members of the Ophoniscus-complex are similar to Parophonus in having a pubescent body, but differ from it in the apomorphic states of pronotal setation and in the shape of the protibial apical spur. The genus Parophonus sensu lato is a rather diverse group widely distributed in the Eastern Hemisphere, mainly in the warm regions.

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Figs. 15-22. Apical spur of protibia. 15 Panagrius hystrix (holotype of Indiophonus pilosus); 16 P. nigriceps (holotype); 17-18 Ophoniscus iridulus; 19 O. cribrifrons; 20 O. compositus; 21 Pseudohyparpalus metabolus (paratype); 22 P. audens. Scale = 0.5 mm.

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Key to genera: 1. General dorsal pubescence very long: length of setae at least equal to width of basal antennomere. Discal pores on elytral intervals not recognizable against backgrounds of rather coarse general punctation ................................................................................... Panagrius General dorsal pubescence short: length of setae much less than width of basal antennomere. Discal pores on elytra clearly visible at least on 3rd and 5th intervals .................................. 2 2. Elytral punctation sparse, concentrated along elytral striae. Discal pores on elytra present only on 3rd and 5th intervals. Scutellar striole short, never much longer than width of two inner intervals. Head with very deep clypeo-ocular prolongations ................ Neohyparpalus Elytral punctation dense, more or less evenly distributed within each interval. Discal pores present on 3rd, 5th and 7th intervals. Scutellar striole longer. Head with shallow or moderately deep clypeo-ocular prolongations ......................................................................... 3 3. Basal angles of pronotum each with a moderately long marginal seta, this seta much longer than setae of general pronotal pubescence (Fig. 14). Dorsum often with more or less intense metallic lustre. Range: Afrotropical region ................................ Pseudohyparpalus Basal angles of pronotum with only short general pubescence, without a longer seta (Figs. 9-13, 33, 38). Dorsum without metallic lustre. Range: Oriental region ............... Ophoniscus Panagrius Andrewes, 1933
Panagrius Andrewes, 1933: 104 [as a genus]. Type species: Panagrius hystrix Andrewes, 1933, by original designation. Indiophonus Ito, 1996: 221[as a genus], syn. n. Type species: Indiophonus pilosus Ito, 1996 (= Panagrius hystrix Andrewes, 1933), by original designation.

DIAGNOSIS. The members of this genus are easily distinguished from all the other members of the Ophoniscus-complex by the long dorsal pubescence of the body. In addition, the discal pores on the elytra in Panagrius are not recognizable against the background of rather coarse general punctation of the intervals (in all the other genera the discal pores are clearly visible at least on the 3rd and 5th intervals). DESCRIPTION. Body dark, not iridescent and without distinct metallic lustre. Palpi, antennae, and legs ferruginous. Body densely punctate and pubescent; punctation on dorsum coarse and irregular, consisting of larger and smaller punctures; setae rather long but differing in length, particularly long setae present on head and pronotum laterally and on elytral disc; elytral pubescence consisting of a mixture of more and less long setae; setae on ventral side of body, including prosternum and abdominal sternites, moderately long. Clypeo-ocular prolongations present, thin, not reaching supraorbital grooves (this character hardly recognized because of dense and coarse general punctation). Genae narrow. Mentum (Figs. 1-2) separated from submentum by complete suture, with short obtuse medial tooth and two medial setae; epilobes notably widened apically; submentum with two lateral setae on each side. Ligular sclerite narrow, slightly narrowed before apex, and not or only weakly expanded apically (external angles more or less notably protruding laterally), with two ventro-apical setae, without apical ventral plate or distal dorsal setae; labial basal palpomere not carinate.

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Pronotum (Figs. 7-8) on each side, except for one obligatory medial marginal seta, with additional 1-2 long setae at apical angle; these setae much longer than setae of pronotal general pubescence. Pronotal base not bordered. Elytra with rounded humeral angles and weak preapical sinuations. Scutellar striole long, with a basal pore. Discal pores on 3rd, 5th and 7th intervals of elytra not recognizable against background of rather coarse general punctation. Wings fully developed. Metepisterna narrow, much longer than wide, rather strongly narrowed posteriad. Metacoxae without any additional setigerous pores. Apical abdominal sternum with two pairs of setae in both sexes (male examined only in P. hystrix). Protibia densely setose ventrally (except for a longitudinal row of ventral spines); its apical spur stout, clearly dentate at margins (Figs. 15-16). All tarsi pubescent dorsally. In male, protarsi (at least in P. hystrix) very weakly dilated, but with biseriate adhesive vestiture ventrally; mesotarsi scarcely dilated and with highly reduced adhesive vestiture. First metatarsomere approximately as long as 2nd and 3rd together. Median lobe of aedeagus with apical orifice in dorsal position, lacking any large spines in the internal sac (at least in P. hystrix). Apical stylomere of female genitalia rather broad, rounded at apex, with a long seta on dorsal side closer to its apex and with 1-2 short setae on basal, external side. COMPOSITION AND DISTRIBUTION. The genus includes two species from central and southern India (Fig. 65). REMARKS. The genus Panagrius was originally proposed for one species from the central provinces of India. According to the original description (Andrewes, 1933: 105), this genus recalls Eriotomus, but the ligula is bi- instead of plurisetose, ... and the long erect pubescence, when viewed sideways, is seen to be very dense. The distinctive features of Panagrius make it apparently identical to Indiophonus, described by Ito (1996), which has similar distinctive characteristics and comes from the same geographical area. According to Ito (1996: 222), the genus Indiophonus reminds genus Carterus , in spite of the other subtribe, due to the body densely covered with the long pubescence and coarse punctures. It is worth noting that both type species of Panagrius and Indiophonus are certain to be conspecific (see below). Although the discal pores on the elytra in Panagrius are not recognizable against the coarse punctation of the intervals, Ito (1996) correctly included his genus in the Selenophori group on the basis of the long 1st metatarsomere (at least as long as 2nd and 3rd together), combined with the distinct frontal impressions and the dorsal position of the apical orifice of the aedeagus. The glabrous paraglossae, bisetose ligular sclerite without an apical ventral plate, and biseriate vestiture of the ventral surface of the male protarsi also support this relationship. Key to species: 1. Pronotal sides clearly sinuate before nearly rectangular basal angles; disc of pronotum finely and densely punctate, distance between punctures in central part of pronotum equal to or slightly greater than their diameter (Fig. 7). Sutural angles of elytra acutangular, sharp at apex. Head relatively large. Large: body length 11.5-13.5 mm ..................... hystrix Pronotal sides nearly rectilinear before obtuse basal angles; disc of pronotum coarsely and sparsely punctate, distance between punctures in central part of pronotum much greater than their diameter (Fig. 8). Sutural angles of elytra acutangular, narrowly rounded

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B. M. Kataev at apex. Head relatively small. Small: body length 9.5 mm (according to the original description, 10.5 mm, probably from apex of left mandible to apex of elytra) .................. ................................................................................................................................................ nigricans

Panagrius hystrix Andrewes, 1933 (Figs. 1, 7, 15, 23-24)


Panagrius hystrix Andrewes, 1933: 105. Type locality: Nagpur, India. Indiophonus pilosus Ito, 1996: 222, syn. n. Type locality: Nagpore (= Nagpur), India or..

TYPE MATERIAL. Lectotype (present designation) of Panagrius hystrix: , labeled India or., Nagpore, Ex Coll. G. Hauser, Type, Panagrius hystrix Andr., Type, H.E. Andrewes det., H.E. Andrewes Coll., B. M. 1945-97 (NHML). Holotype of Indiophonus pilosus: , labeled India or., Nagpore and Holotype, Indiophonus pilosus N. Ito (MNHUB). DISTRIBUTION. Known from the central provinces of India: Maharashtra (Nagpur) and Bihar. REMARKS. Panagrius hystrix was described from five syntypes collected in Nagpur and Bihar (India). Because of the very weak dilatation of the protarsi in males, Andrewes incorrectly stated in the original description (1933: 106) that all syntypes are females. In fact, the original series included

26

24

27

23

25
A B C

Figs. 23-27. Median lobe of aedeagus (26 terminal lamella of median lobe). 23-24 Panagrius hystrix (holotype of Indiophonus pilosus); 25-27 Ophoniscus iridulus (Yunnan). 23, 25-26 dorsal aspect; 24, 27 lateral aspect. Scales: A = 0.5 mm (Figs. 25, 27), B = 0.5 mm (Fig. 26), C = 1.0 mm (Figs. 23-24).

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at least one male, since the single syntype I examined was a male. This syntype was labeled by Andrewes as type and here it is designated as a lectotype. Indiophonus pilosus was based on a pair (male and female) from Nagpur without a reference to the Andrewes description and without a comparison with any known species. The distinctive features of both species are the same and there is no doubt that Indiophonus pilosus should be treated as a synonym of Panagrius hystrix. The species is characterized by the clearly sinuate sides of the pronotum and the rather fine and dense punctation on the disc (Fig. 7). The terminal lamella of the aedeagus (Figs. 23-24) is flat, triangular, approximately as long as wide, and lacking an apical capitulum; the internal sac has a small spiny patch, without any larger teeth; the apical stylomere of the female genitalia, according to the drawing published by Ito (1996: Fig. 6), is rather broad, rounded at the apex, with two short setae on each outer margin. Other distinctive characters are listed in the key. Panagrius nigricans (Ito, 1996), comb. n. (Figs. 2, 8, 16, 41-42)
Indiophonus nigricans Ito, 1996: 224. Type locality: Karikal, Pondicherry State, southern India.

TYPE MATERIAL. Holotype: , labeled South India, Pondicherry State, Karikal and Holotype, Indiophonus nigricans N. Ito (MNHUB). DISTRIBUTION. Southern India, known only from the type locality. REMARKS. P. nigricans is known from the single female taken from Karikal in Pondicherry State, India. Ito (1996) described this species as a second representative of the genus Indiophonus, but compared it only with Piosoma setosum LeConte, 1848, one of the Nearctic representatives of the Harpali group, and did not indicate any differences from his Indiophonus pilosus (= Panagrius hystrix). The distinctive characters of P. nigricans are listed in the key. The apical stylomere of the female genitalia (Figs. 41-42) is rather similar to that of P. hystrix, but with only one very short seta on the ventro-external margin. Ophoniscus Bates, 1892
Ophoniscus Bates, 1892: 337 [as a genus]. Type species: Ophoniscus iridulus Bates, 1892, designated by Andrewes 1939: 136.

DIAGNOSIS. Within the Ophoniscus-complex, this genus is recognizable on the basis of the short dorsal pubescence, the densely and uniformly punctate elytra, the presence of discal pores on the 3rd, 5th and 7th elytral intervals, and the absence of a long marginal seta at the basal angle of the pronotum. DESCRIPTION. Colour dark, more or less iridescent on dorsum. Palpi, antennae, and legs ferruginous. Body pubescent and punctate, setae throughout rather short; punctation on elytral disc dense and uniform, on head and pronotal disc usually more sparse and irregular. Clypeo-ocular prolongations present, rather distinct and usually reaching supraorbital grooves. Genae narrow. Mentum (Figs. 3-4) separated from submentum by complete suture, without distinct medial tooth (but usually medial part of apical emargination slightly protruding anteriad), with two medial setae; epilobes moderately widened apically; submentum with one or two lateral setae on each side. Ligular sclerite narrow, slightly emarginate at sides and weakly expanded at apex, with two long ventro-apical setae and sometimes with a few short distal dorsal setae. Labial basal palpomere not carinate.

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Apical angle of pronotum (Figs. 9-13, 33, 38) each with 1-2 long marginal setae; basal angle lacking long marginal setae. Pronotal base usually without distinct border, but sometimes basal border recognizable medially. Elytra with rounded or obtusely angulate humeri and weak preapical sinuation. Scutellar striole long, with a basal pore. Rows of discal pores present on 3rd, 5th and 7th intervals (pores in anterior half of 5th and 7th interval usually not connected with striae). Hind wings fully developed. Metepisterna narrow, much longer than wide, rather strongly narrowed posteriad. Metacoxae without any additional setigerous pores. Apical abdominal sternum with two pairs of setae in both sexes. Protibia ventrally not densely setose, at most with a few additional setae except for a longitudinal row of ventral spines; its apical spur (Figs. 17-20) slender, more or less clearly dentate basally at margins (particularly notably in O. cribrifrons and less so in O. iridulus). All tarsi pubescent dorsally. Pro- and mesotarsi in male distinctly dilated, with biseriate adhesive vestiture ventrally. First metatarsomere slender, approximately as long as 2nd and 3rd together. Apical orifice of median lobe of aedeagus (not examined in O. hypolithoides) shifted to left side and strongly narrowed to basal bulb. Apex of terminal lamella slightly recurved ventrally, or (in O. iridulus) directed ventrad. Internal sac with a number of teeth or spines. Apical stylomere narrow (Figs. 45-48), or rather broad (Figs. 39-40), blunt at apex, without setae on external side.

30 28

29

31

32

Figs. 28-32. Median lobe of aedeagus (28, 30 terminal lamella of median lobe). 28-29 Ophoniscus cribrifrons (Yunnan); 30-32 O. compositus (southern India). 28, 30, 32 dorsal aspect; 29, 31 lateral aspect. Scales: A = 0.5 mm (Figs. 28, 30), B = 0.5 mm (Figs. 29, 31-32).

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COMPOSITION AND DISTRIBUTION. The genus consists of six species occurring in the Oriental region (Fig. 65). Five species are described from Burma and they are distributed within the territory from northern India and Nepal to southern China, Vietnam and Cambodia. The sixth, O. compositus, was originally described from Sri Lanka and found also in southern India. REMARKS. Previously, the shape of the protibial apical spur and the additional setae of the apical angle of the pronotum were not considered amongst the distinctive characters of this taxon. Bates (1892) established the genus Ophoniscus as similar to the genus Ophonus, but distinguished mainly by the head with distinct clypeo-ocular prolongations and edentate mentum. According to Noonan (1985a), this genus is recognizable by the dense elytral discal pubescence and the distal dorsal setae on the ligular sclerite (Noonan was able to examine only O. iridulus). Based on the latter character, Noonan (1985b) treated Ophoniscus as adelphotaxon of the Afrotropical genus Afromizonus Basilewsky, 1947. Ito (1994) also cited the additional setae on the ligular sclerite (ligula bearing four setae) as one of the most important distinctive characters of Ophoniscus. However, this character is too variable to be useful for separation of this genus. For example, very short distal dorsal setae were found only in the examined specimens of O. cribrifrons (Fig. 4) and not in other species (Figs. 3). In regard to Afromizonus, which possesses only one lateral pronotal seta and edentate apical protibial spur, this taxon is more closely related phylogenetically to the genera Siopelus Murray, 1859, Dioryche MacLeay, 1825 and Prakasha Andrewes, 1919 (for additional information, see Kataev, 2002). Key to species: 1. Head almost impunctate dorsally (very fine and scattered punctures recognizable only on labrum, clypeus and very narrow area just along inner margin of eyes). Pronotal punctation very fine, consisting of micropunctures and restricted to margins (Fig. 38) ....................... ....................................................................................................................................... lopatini sp. n. Head coarsely punctate at least around basal foveae and above eyes, as well as pronotum at least along basal and apical margins (Figs. 9-13, 33) .......................................................... 2 2. Pronotum (Fig. 13) narrow, with basal angles clearly rounded at apex. Large: body length at least 8.8 mm. Aedeagus: Figs. 25-27 ........................................................................... iridulus Pronotum wide, with basal angles somewhat sharp, at most only slightly blunt at apex. Smaller: body length less than 8.8 mm. Aedeagus not as above .......................................... 3 3. Frons, vertex and central part of pronotum (Figs. 9-10, 33) coarsely and rather densely punctate ........................................................................................................................................... 4 Frons, vertex and central part of pronotum (Figs. 11-12) almost smooth, at most with a few scattered punctures ................................................................................................................ 5 4. Pronotum (Fig. 33) large in relation to elytra (WE less than 1.2 times as wide as WPmax), with base notably wider than apex. Pronotal disc with fine microsculpture recognizable even in central portion. Head comparatively small. Elytra more finely and densely punctate. Aedeagus: Figs. 34-36 .................................................................................................. batesi sp. n. Pronotum (Figs. 9-10) small in relation to elytra (WE more than 1.2 times as wide as WPmax), with narrower base; latter often as wide as apex. Pronotal disc without microsculpture. Head comparatively large. Elytra more coarsely and sparsely punctate. Aedeagus: Figs. 28-29 ...................................................................................................... cribrifrons 5. Basal angles of pronotum (Fig. 11) nearly rectangular, sharp at apices; sides basally clearly sinuate. Elytra relatively short, with sutural angles blunt at apices ..................... hypolithoides

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Ophoniscus iridulus Bates, 1892 (Figs. 3, 13, 17-18, 25-27, 45-46)


Ophoniscus iridulus Bates, 1892: 337. Type locality: Karin Asciuii Ghecu, 1400-1500 m: Palon (Peg), Burma.

TYPE MATERIAL. Lectotype (present designation): , labeled Carin Asciuii Ghecu, 14001500 m, L. Fea, III-IV.88, Ophoniscus iridulus Bates [Bates handwriting] (MNHN); and a paralectotype: , same data as lectotype (MNHN). OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED. Nepal: 1 , Bagmati Prov., NE of Kathmandu, near Gorkhara Park, above Bagmati, 274322"N 852259"E, 1400 m, 28.VII.1997, E. Grill leg. (NME); 2 , Kathmandu, Thamel Hotel Norbhu Linkha, at light, 1300 m, 5.VI.1995, A. Weigel leg. (NME); 2 , 1 , Kathmandu, 7-12.IX.1980, J. Scifert leg. (cWR); 1 , Dumsc, 13.IX.1980, J. Scifert leg. (cWR); 1 , Pokhara See, 30.X.1992, J. Schmidt leg. (cWR); 2 , Gandaki Prov., Pokhara Lake shore, 2812.5N 8357.1E, 900 m, 25.IV.2000, J. Weipert leg. (NME). India: 1 , Benares, IX.1971, Morvan leg. (cWR); 1 , Siliguri, H.E. Andrewes Coll. B. M. 1945-97" (MNHN). Burma: 1 , Myanmar, Yangon, Pegu, 60 km NME Yangon, 1719N 9628E, at light, 22.XI.2003, M. Hornburg leg. (cWR); 1 , Birmanie, Helfer [determined by M. Chaudoir as Hypolithus spurius Chaudoir; latter taxon never been described] (former Chaudoirs collection: MNHN); 2, Birmania, Rangoon, J. Claine, 1902 (MNHN). Laos: 3 , Louang Namtha env., 4.V.1996, I. Pljushtch leg. (cWR); Vietnam: 1 , Hanoi, at light, 29.XII.1961, O. Kabakov leg. (ZISP); 3 , 2 , Hoa-Binh, Tonkin, A. de Cooman (MNHN). China: Yunnan: 1 , Cheli, 550 m, 8.IV.1957, D. Panfilov leg, (ZISP); 3 , 4 , Ganlamba, 30 km SE of Cheli, on Mekong River, near the frontier, 570 m, at light, 19.IV.1957, Wang Shu-yun leg. (ZISP); 1 , 5 , same locality, 450 m, 17-19.IV.1957, D. Panfilov leg. (ZISP); 1 , same locality, 650 m, 20.III.1957, Wang Shu-yun leg. (ZISP); 1 , Damonlung, 30 km SW of Cheli, 700 m, 10.IV.1957, Liu Ta-hwa leg. (ZISP); 1 , Siomonyan, 25 km NE of Cheli (km 706 of the highway Kunming - Dalo), 800 m, 6.IV.1955, V. Popov leg. (ZISP); 6 , Xishuangbanna, X.1981, Situ Yingxian leg. (IZB); 1 , same locality, 11.IV.1958, Zheng Leyi leg. (IZB); 1 , Xishuangbanna, Mengzhe, 1200 m, 21.VI.1958, Pu Fuji leg. (IZB); 1 , 1 , Xishuangbanna, Damengyang, 650 m, 19.IV.1958, Pu Fuji & Meng Xuwu leg. (IZB); 1 , same locality, 10.IV.1958, Zhang Yivan leg. (IZB); 1 , Menghai Co., 18.IV.1982, Yu Peiyu leg. (IZB); 1 , Ruili, Mengxiu, 2-6.V.1981, He Junhua leg. (IZB); 1 , Longchuan, VIII.1980, Jin Zicheng leg. (IZB). DESCRIPTION. Large: body length 8.9-10.2 mm. Frons and vertex smooth or with very sparse and fine punctation. Pronotum (Fig. 13) comparatively narrow; its basal angles obtuse, narrowly rounded at apex; sides basally very broadly rounded or nearly straight; punctation rather coarse, restricted to margins, but usually a few punctures also present along medial line. Elytra throughout densely punctate and pubescent, with 3-4 punctures in a transverse row across each interval in its middle portion in the male, and with 5-6 much finer punctures in the female; sutural angle acutangular, rather sharp at apex. Median lobe of aedeagus (Figs. 25-27) strongly arcuate, slightly directed ventrad at apex; terminal lamella (Fig. 26) long, much longer than wide, its sides almost rectilinearly converging to a rather sharp apex; internal sac with numerous large spines. Proportions (4 , 4 ): WPmax/LP = 1.33-1.38; LE/WE = 1.59-1.66 in males and 1.54-1.58 in females; LE/LP = 2.60-2.73 in males and 2.68-2.76 in females; WE/WPmax = 1.20-1.25 in

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males and 1.25-1.28 in females; WHmax/WPmax = 0.75-0.76 in males and 0.76-0.78 in females; WHmin/WPmax = 0.54-0.56 in males and 0.57-0.59 in females. DISTRIBUTION. Widely distributed across Southeast Asia from India and Nepal to Burma, Laos, Vietnam, and China (Yunnan). REMARKS. This species was described from a series collected in Karin Asciuii Ghecu (Burma). Ito (1994) redescribed it in detail based on the male syntype (deposited in Deutsches Entomologisches Institut) and three other specimens: a female from Nagpore (India) and two males from Pokhara (Nepal). Ophoniscus iridulus is easily distinguished from other species of the genus by its large size and comparatively narrow pronotum with rounded basal angles. Ophoniscus lopatini sp. n. (Figs. 37-40) TYPE MATERIAL. Holotype: , Burma, Palon (Peg), L. Fea. VIII.IX.87, sublaevis var. foveafront. [Bates handwriting] (MNHN). DESCRIPTION. Large: body length 10.6 mm, width 4.2 mm. Body black, shiny, slightly iridescent on elytra; mandibles basally, labrum externally, apical margin of clypeus, and pronotum along sides paler, reddish brown. Head comparatively large, measured across eyes and neck constriction respectively 0.77 and 0.59 times as wide as pronotum, almost impunctate dorsally (very fine punctures and short pubescence recognizable on labrum, apical and lateral portions of clypeus, and on areas just along inner margins of eyes). Eyes convex, hemispherical. Tempora rather short, weakly convex. Clypeo-ocular prolongations reaching supraorbital furrows, hardly impressed at clypeus and superficial at eyes. Mentum with very small obtuse median tooth. Submentum with two lateral setae on each side. Ligular sclerite with two ventro-apical setae. Dorsal microsculpture visible only under and behind eyes, consisting of fine weakly transverse meshes. Antennomeres rather long and narrow. Pronotum (Fig. 38) rather transverse, 1.55 times as wide as long, widest at apical third, with sides almost rectilinearly converging basad (WPmax/WPmin = 1.20). Apical margin slightly emarginate, bordered almost throughout (apical bead interrupted medially). Apical angles rounded, each with a long marginal seta. Basal margin approximately equal to apical margin, slightly oblique laterally. Basal angles distinct, obtuse, blunt at apices. Pronotal disc moderately convex, with deep latero-basal depressions separated from each other by convexity. Surface of latero-basal depressions very finely and densely punctate and wrinkled; pubescence very short, hardly visible. Much finer nonsetigerous punctation present along all margins. Microsculpture fine, visible throughout, consisting of transverse meshes in central part of pronotal disc and of more or less isodiametric meshes along its margins. Elytra moderately convex, 1.57 times as long as wide, 2.96 as long and 1.21 times as wide as pronotum, widest behind middle, with sides weakly and almost rectilinearly diverging posteriad in their middle portion. Base of elytra slightly wider than pronotal base. Humeri rather widely rounded at apex, without denticle. Preapical sinuation distinct but not deep. Sutural angle acute, sharp at apex. Basal bead of elytra glabrous, hardly sinuate, arcuately curving inside humerus up to lateral margin. Intervals weakly convex basally and moderately convex apically, notably narrowed posteriad. Striae impunctate, slightly impressed. Punctation of intervals fine, with 4-5 punctures in a transverse row across each interval in its middle portion. Three inner intervals

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basally with much more sparse and fine punctation. Microsculpture highly reduced, visible only latero-apically, meshes fine, isodiametric. Metepisterna about 1.5 times as long as wide. Apical sternum and tergum angulate at apex. Metafemur with two setigerous pores along hind margin. Apical stylomere (Figs. 39-40) rather broad, rounded at apex; setigerous pore on internal side located in apical third. DISTRIBUTION. Known only from the type locality, Palon (Peg), in southern Burma. REMARKS. This new species is similar in size to O. iridulus, but the pronotum is much wider, with distinct obtuse basal angles and with extremely fine punctation restricted to the margins. Also, the head of O. lopatini sp. n. is almost impunctate, with other species having rather coarse punctures at least around the frontal foveae and in the area under each eye. Another distinctive feature is the uneven punctation of the elytra, which is much sparser and finer on the three inner intervals basally. ETYMOLOGY. This new species is named after I. K. Lopatin, to whom this volume is dedicated. Ophoniscus cribrifrons Bates, 1892 (Figs. 4, 9-10, 19, 28-29)
Ophoniscus cribrifrons Bates, 1892: 338. Type locality: Bhamo, Burma.

TYPE MATERIAL. Lectotype (present designation): , labeled Bhamo, Birmania, Fea IV.1886, Ophoniscus cribrifrons Bates [Bateshandwriting] (MNHN); and 3 paralectotypes (2 , 1 ): same data as lectotype (MNHN). OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED. Burma: 1 , Birma [determined by M. Chaudoir as Hypolithus birmanicus Chaudoir; latter taxon never been described] (former Chaudoirs collection: MNHN). Cambodia: 1 , 2 , Beng Ping, Cambodge, J.P. Katz (MNHN). Laos: 1 , N Laos, Louang Namtha env., 4.V.1996, I. Pljushtch leg. (cWR); 1 , Vientian, 18.X.1989, O. Kabakov leg. (ZISP). China:Yunnan: 1 , Jingdong, 1200 m, 6.V.1957, A. Monchadskij leg. (ZISP); 1 , Puerh (= Ninerh), 1400 m, 21.IV.1955, Chou Cha-yun leg. (ZISP); 1 [teneral], Szemao, 29.III.1957, Hun Kuan-chi leg. (ZISP); 1 , 50 km SW of Mokiang, 900-1100 m, 30.III.1955, O. Kryzhanovskij leg. (ZISP); 1 , Saluing Valley, W of Baoshan, 11.V.1955, Yang Sin-chi leg. (ZISP);1 , Xishuangbanna, Damengyang, 650 m, 10.IV.1958, Wang Shuyong leg. (IZB). DESCRIPTION. Medium size, body length 7.4-8.4 mm. Head and pronotal disc (Fig. 9-10) coarsely punctate. Pronotal sides more or less rectilinearly converging basad, at most slightly sinuate before obtuse basal angles with somewhat sharp apices. Microsculpture in central portion of pronotal disc invisible even at high magnification. Elytra throughout densely punctate and pubescent, with three or four rather coarse punctures in a transverse row across each interval in its middle portion in the male and with four slightly finer punctures in the female; sutural angle nearly rectangular (a little less than rectangular), blunt at apex. Median lobe of aedeagus (Fig. 29) moderately arcuate, with apex slightly recurved ventrally; terminal lamella (Fig. 28) short, its length approximately equal to its width at base; sides of lamella very broadly rounded up to blunt apex; internal sac with a number of moderately large spines. Proportions (1 , 5 ): WPmax/LP = 1.39-1.44; WPmax/WPmin = 1.21-1.29; LE/WE = 1.64 in male and 1.54-1.58 in females; LE/LP = 2.95 in male and 2.71-2.94 in females; WE/ WPmax = 1.28 in male and 1.22-1.31 in females; WHmax/WPmax = 0.77 in male and 0.73-0.76 in females; WHmin/WPmax = 0.55 in male and 0.55-0.56 in females.

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DISTRIBUTION. Known from Burma, Cambodia, Laos, and China (Yunnan). REMARKS. The species was described from the series taken from Bhamo, Burma. Ito (1994) redescribed this taxon in detail on the basis of a single female, apparently a syntype. O. cribrifrons is clearly recognizable on the basis of the densely and coarsely punctate pronotum, with a narrow base and sharp obtuse basal angles, and by the coarsely punctate frons and vertex. It should be noted that although I examined several males of this species, including the lectotype, the aedeagus was examined in detail in a teneral specimen. It is possible that the medial lobe illustrated in Figs. 28-29 is slightly deformed. Ophoniscus batesi sp. n. (Figs. 33-36) TYPE MATERIAL. Holotype: , Burma, Tenasserim, Kawkareet, Fea Gen. Febbr. 1887 (former Batescollection: MNHN). DESCRIPTION. Medium size, body length 8.0 mm, width 3.1 mm. Body dark brown, shiny; pronotum and elytra with a bluish tinge, slightly iridescent; mandibles basally and pronotum along sides paler, reddish brown. Head medium-sized, measured across eyes and neck constriction respectively 0.70 and 0.52 times as wide as pronotum, somewhat coarsely punctate and finely pubescent dorsally (with finer and sparser punctures on vertex). Eyes convex, hemispherical. Tempora short, weakly convex, clearly pubescent. Clypeo-ocular prolongations reaching supraorbital furrows, slightly impressed at clypeus and superficial at eyes. Median tooth of mentum hardly recognizable. Submentum with two lateral setae on each side. Ligular sclerite with two ventro-apical setae. Dorsal microsculpture visible only behind eyes, consisting of fine, nearly isodiametric meshes. Antennomeres moderately long and narrow. Pronotum (Fig. 33) transverse, comparatively narrow, 1.40 times as wide as long, widest at apical third, with sides almost rectilinearly converging basad, and with comparatively wide base (WPmax/WPmin = 1.18). Apical margin slightly arcuately emarginate, bordered only laterally. Apical angles rounded, each with a long marginal seta and a few short marginal hairs at apex. Basal margin slightly wider than apical margin, almost straight, only slightly oblique laterally. Basal angles distinct, obtuse, sharp at apices. Pronotal disc weakly convex, with shallow latero-basal depressions, separated from each other by convexity. Basal foveae small, situated inside latero-basal depressions. Surface of pronotum punctate throughout, with more coarse and sparse punctation in central portion; pubescence clearly visible at least along pronotal margins. Microsculpture fine, strongly obliterate in central part of pronotal disc, consisting of weakly transverse meshes. Elytra moderately convex, rather long and narrow, 1.63 times as long as wide, 2.67 as long and 1.17 times as wide as pronotum, widest behind middle, with sides almost rectilinearly diverging posteriad in their middle portion. Base of elytra slightly wider than pronotal base. Humeri rather widely rounded at apex, without denticle. Preapical sinuation shallow. Sutural angle acute, narrowly rounded at apex. Basal bead of elytra glabrous, slightly sinuate, meeting lateral margin at a very obtuse angle. Intervals weakly convex basally and moderately convex apically, notably narrowed posteriad. Striae impunctate, slightly impressed. Punctation of intervals throughout fine and dense, usually with four punctures in a transverse row across each interval in its middle portion. Microsculpture strongly obliterate on disc, more distinct latero-apically, meshes very fine, more or less isodiametric.

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33

B C

34 35 36

Figs. 33-36. Ophoniscus batesi sp. n. 33 pronotum; 34 - terminal lamella of median lobe; 35-36 median lobe (35 dorsal aspect; 36 lateral aspect). A = 0.5 mm (Fig. 34), B = 0.5 mm (Figs. 35-36), C = 1 mm (Fig. 33).

Metepisterna about 1.5 times as long as wide. Apical sternum rounded at apex and apical tergum slightly angulate at apex. Metafemur with two setigerous pores along hind margin. Medial lobe of aedeagus (Figs. 35-36) rather slender, arcuate, with apex protruding ventrad; terminal lamella (Fig. 34) short, with sides nearly rectilinearly converging to apex; internal sac with a large apical tooth. DISTRIBUTION. Known only from the type locality, Tenasserim, Kawkareet , in southern Burma. REMARKS. With the coarsely punctate head and pronotum, O. batesi sp. n. is most similar to O. cribrifrons, but the pronotum in relation to the elytra is larger, with the base notably wider than the apex. Also, the new species has the pronotal disc with fine microsculpture recognizable even in the central portion, the head is comparatively small, and the elytra are more finely and densely punctate. ETYMOLOGY. This new species is named after the famous English naturalist and entomologist H. W. Bates (1825-1892), in whose former collection this new species was found. Ophoniscus hypolithoides Bates, 1892 (Figs. 11)
Ophoniscus hypolithoides Bates, 1892: 338. Type locality: Kawkareet (Tenasserim), Burma.

TYPE MATERIAL. Lectotype (present designation): , labeled Tenasserim, Kawkareet, Fea Gen. Febbr. 1887, Ophoniscus hypolithoides Bates [Bates handwriting] (MNHN); and a paralec-

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totype: 1 , labeled as the preceding but determined as Ophoniscus cribrifrons B. var. ? [Bates handwriting] (MNHN). DESCRIPTION. Medium size (body length 7.0-7.7 mm). Pronotum comparatively wide, with sides slightly sinuate before very sharp, almost rectangular basal angles (Fig. 11). Frons, vertex and central part of pronotal disc with or without very fine and sparse punctation. Microsculpture in central portion of pronotum obliterate, but recognizable, consisting of transverse meshes. Elytra densely punctate throughout, usually with four punctures in a transverse row across middle portion of each interval; sutural angle acutangular, blunt at apex. Proportions (2 ): WPmax/LP = 1.45-1.46; WPmax/WPmin = 1.19-1.20; LE/WE = 1.471.54; LE/LP = 2.81-2.89; WE/WPmax = 1.29-1.31; WHmax/WPmax = 0.76-0.78; WHmin/ WPmax = 0.58. DISTRIBUTION. Known only from southern Burma (Tenasserim). REMARKS. This species was described from the series ( and ) collected in Kawkareet (Tenasserim), in southern Burma. Only two female syntypes were studied, one of which (7.7 mm) is designated here as a lectotype (see Type material). The distinctive features and the taxonomic status of this taxon should be checked on the basis of more material, including males. According to Bates (1892), it may be a variety of O. cribrifrons, distinguished only by the more elongate body and the more finely and densely punctate elytra. I was unable to recognize remarkable differences in these characters between both species (it is quite possible that the original series of O. hypolithoides was mixed and also included the male, which is described above as O. batesi sp. n., because it is located amongst Bates material of Ophoniscus, has the same geographic label and is truly characterized by more finely and densely punctate elytra). In any case, both

38
A

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39 40

Figs. 37-40. Ophoniscus lopatini sp. n. 37 habitus; 38 pronotum; 39 - left hemisternite and stylus, ventral aspect; 40 stylus, lateral aspect. Scales: A = 5.0 mm (Fig. 37), B = 1.0 mm (Fig. 38), C = 0.5 mm (Figs. 39-40).

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specimens of O. hypolithoides examined (with Bates determination label) differ from specimens of O. cribrifrons and O. batesi sp. n., in having the broader pronotum with basally sinuate sides, and with reduced punctation in the central portion of the pronotal disc. In respect to the broad pronotum with reduced punctation in the central portion, O. hypolithoides is more similar to O. compositus, but clearly distinguished from it by the sharper, almost rectangular basal pronotal angles, and the clearly sinuate pronotal sides. In addition, the sutural angle of both examined females of O. hypolithoides is notably blunter at the apex than that of females of O. compositus. Ophoniscus compositus (Walker, 1858) (Figs. 12, 20, 30-32, 47-48)
Curtonotus compositus Walker, 1858: 204. Type locality:Ceylon. Siopelus ferreus Bates, 1886: 76. Type locality: Nuwara Eliya, Sri Lanka. Ophoniscus insulicola Ito, 1994: 86, syn. n. Type locality: Ceylon.

TYPE MATERIAL. Syntype of Siopelus ferreus: , labeled Ceylon. G. Lewis. 1910 - 320, Nuwara Eliya. 6,234-8,000 ft., 8-11.II.82 (ZISP); probably also syntypes: 1 , 2 , labeled Ceylon, Siopelus ferreus Bates [Bates handwriting], Ex Musaeo H.W. Bates, 1892 (MNHN). Holotype of Ophoniscus insulicola: , labeled Ceylon, Nietner [Nietners handwriting], 52793, Zool. Mus. Berlin, Holotypus, Ophoniscus insulicola N. Ito (MNHUB). OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED. Sri Lanka: Ceylon, Zebiz (MNHN). India: 1 , Madura, Ind. or. (ZISP); 4 , 2 , Madras, D.V. Simons (former Chaudoirs collection: MNHN); 1 , Shembaganur, Sd.-Ind, A. Heyne, Berlin W. (ZISP); 1 , Shembaganur, Mad. 1904-1905, P. du Breuil (Ex. Coll. M. Maindron; Coll. G. Babault, 1930) (MNHN); 3 , 4 , Nilgherrus, Gurin [determined by M. Chaudoir as Hypolithus puberulus Chaudoir; latter taxon never been described] (former Chaudoirs collection: MNHN); 1 , Nilghiri ..., 52793, India, Nilghiri hills, before 1670, Gurin-Mneville, Ophoniscus insulicola N. Ito, det. N. Ito, 1994 (MNHUB); 1 , Bengal, Nietner, 3494, Ophoniscus insulicola N. Ito, det. N. Ito, 1994 (MNHUB). DESCRIPTION. Medium size (body length 7.4-8.7 mm), stout and strongly iridescent on dorsum. Frons and pronotal disc medially almost impunctate. Pronotum (Fig. 12) rather broad, its sides almost rectilinearly converging basad; basal angles obtuse, more or less clearly blunt at apex; microsculpture on disc strongly obliterate, often invisible, particularly in males. Elytra densely punctate throughout, in male usually with three, in female with three or four punctures in a transverse row across each interval in its middle portion; pubescence sometimes more or less strongly reduced on disc; sutural angle acutangular, rather sharp at apex. Median lobe of aedeagus (Figs. 31-32) strongly arcuate, with apical portion directed slightly dorsad and clearly recurved ventrally at apex; terminal lamella (Fig. 30) somewhat broad, approximately as long as wide basally, its sides almost rectilinearly or hardly sinuately converging to rather sharp, narrowly rounded apex; internal sac with numerous moderately large spines, organized in 2-3 groups. Proportions (3 , 3 ): WPmax/LP = 1.44-1.51; WPmax/WPmin = 1.14-1.19; LE/WE = 1.531.60 in males and 1.58-1.62 in females; LE/LP = 2.97-2.99 in males and 3.06-3.17 in females; WE/ WPmax = 1.28-1.32 in males and 1.28-1.35 in females; WHmax/WPmax = 0.76-0.77 in males and 0.75-0.81 in females; WHmin/WPmax = 0.57-0.60 in males and 0.58-0.64 in females. DISTRIBUTION. The species is distributed in Sri Lanka and southern India.

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REMARKS. Both Curtonotus compositus and Siopelus ferreus were described from Sri Lanka. After examination of Walkers type, Bates (1886: 211) proposed that both taxa may be identical to each other. Subsequently, Andrewes (1919) treated both names as synonyms and included, in 1923, the taxon in the genus Ophoniscus. Besides, Andrewes (l. c.) recorded O. compositus from southern India (Madura and the Palni Hills). As a member of Ophoniscus, it was cited by Csiki (1932), but Noonan (1985a), without any explanation, included only three species (O. iridulus, O. cribrifrons and O. hypolithoides) in the genus Ophoniscus, and listed O. compositus within the genus Parophonus. This seems to be the main reason why Ito (1994) again described the same taxon as a new species, Ophoniscus insulicola, on the basis of a single male from Sri Lanka, without reference to O. compositus. The holotype of the former and two males from southern India, determined by Ito as his O. insulicola, were studied. Because there are no principal differences between them and the other examined specimens of O. compositus, including the syntypes of Siopelus ferreus, the name proposed by Ito is treated as a synonym of O. compositus. Based on the comparatively wide pronotum with reduced punctation in the central portion, O. compositus seems to be related to O. hypolithoides, from which it differs in the characters listed in the key.

41

42 43 44

45

46

47

48

Figs. 41-48. Female genitalia. 41-42 Panagrius nigriceps (holotype). 43-44 - Pseudohyparpalus diastictus (Ethiopia); 45-46 Ophoniscus iridulus (Yunnan); 47-48 O. compositus (southern India). 41 right hemisternite and stylus, ventral aspect; 43, 45, 47 left hemisternite and stylus, ventral aspect; 42, 44, 46, 48 stylus, lateral aspect. Scales: A = 1 mm (Figs. 41-42, 45-48), B = 0.5 mm (Figs. 43-44).

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Pseudohyparpalus Basilewsky, 1946 (Figs. 5-6, 14, 21-22, 43-44, 49-56)


Pseudohyparpalus Basilewsky, 1946: 252, 257 [as a genus]. Type species: Ophonus angustipennis Putzeys, 1876, by original designation.

DIAGNOSIS. The genus differs from the other members of the Ophoniscus-complex in having the short dorsal pubescence, the densely and uniformly punctate elytra, the presence of discal pores on 3rd, 5th and 7th elytral intervals, and a long marginal seta at the basal angle of the pronotum. DESCRIPTION. Body light brown to black, usually with a metallic lustre on dorsum. Palpi, antennae and legs pale. Body pubescent and punctate, setae short; punctation on elytral disc dense and uniform, on head and pronotal disc often more sparse and irregular. Clypeo-ocular prolongations present, distinct. Genae narrow. Mentum (Figs. 5-6) separated from submentum by complete suture, with or without distinct medial tooth, with two medial setae; epilobes more or less strongly widened apically; submentum usually with two lateral setae on each side. Ligular sclerite variable in shape, either narrow and nearly parallel-sided, or more or less strongly expanded at apex and emarginate at sides, with two long ventro-apical setae and without distal dorsal setae. Labial basal palpomere not carinate. Pronotum (Fig. 14) on each side, except for one obligatory medial marginal seta, with additional 2-4 long setae at apical angle and one seta at basal angle; these setae much longer than setae of pronotal general pubescence.

52

50 49

51

Figs. 49-52. Median lobe of aedeagus. 49-50 Pseudohyparpalus metabolus (paratype); 51-52 P. diastictus (Kenya). 49, 51 dorsal aspect; 50, 52 lateral aspect. Scale = 0.5 mm.

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Elytra with rounded humeri and weak preapical sinuation. Scutellar striole long, usually at least as long as width of three inner intervals, with a basal pore. Rows of discal pores present on 3rd, 5th and 7th intervals. Hind wings fully developed. Metepisterna narrow, much longer than wide, rather strongly narrowed posteriad. Metacoxae without any additional setigerous pores. Apical abdominal sternum with two pairs of setae in both sexes. Protibia ventrally usually with only a longitudinal row of ventral spines and not densely setose (sometimes also finely pubescent in addition to the ventral spines); its apical spur slender, more or less clearly dentate basally at margins (Figs. 21-22). All tarsi pubescent dorsally. In male, proand usually mesotarsi more or less notably dilated (mesotarsi of some species only scarcely dilated), and with biseriate adhesive vestiture ventrally. First metatarsomere slender, approximately as long as 2nd and 3rd together. Apical orifice of median lobe of aedeagus (Figs. 49-54) in dorsal position or shifted to left side, small and usually restricted to apex, but often with a narrow prolongation to basal bulb. Ventroapical surface of median lobe often serrate. Apex of terminal lamella swollen, forming a small apical capitulum, or slightly recurved ventrally. Internal sac with or without a number of teeth or spines. Apical stylomere (Figs. 43-44) with a short and fine seta on ventro-external margin in many species. COMPOSITION AND DISTRIBUTION. The genus comprises 21 described species distributed in Tropical Africa, Madagascar, and the Comoro Islands (Fig. 65). Most species are concentrated in eastern Africa. MATERIAL EXAMINED. About 550 specimens of the Pseudohyparpalus belonging to the following species and subspecies were studied: P. velutinus (Dejean, 1829), P. metabolus (Alluaud, 1926), P. audens (Pringuey, 1908), P. diastictus diastictus (Alluaud, 1926), P. diastictus camerunicus Basilewsky, 1946, P. angustipennis (Putzeys, 1876), P. puncticollis (Boheman, 1848), P. kolbei (Kuntzen, 1919), P. burgeoni Basilewsky, 1949 and P. nindae (Burgeon, 1937). Most of the specimens examined were housed in MNHN and ZISP. REMARKS. Basilewsky (1946) erected the genus Pseudohyparpalus for the African selenophorines, which are characterized by the densely pubescent elytra and the presence of long setae in the apical and basal angles of the pronotum. In more recent times, the same characters were used for separation of Pseudohyparpalus from the other genera of the Selenophori group by Clarke (1981) and Noonan (1985a). None of them mentioned the unusual shape of the protibial apical spur as a distinctive feature of that genus. As far as I know all the other authors who worked with the species of Pseudohyparpalus also omitted this character in their publications. Noonan (1985b) united the genus Pseudohyparpalus in one phyletic group together with the genus Parophonus sensu lato (including Hyparpalus Alluaud, 1930 and Orphanixus Clarke, 1971) and the genus Pseudodiachipteryx Burgeon, 1936 on the basis of chorology alone, since, according to this author, no synapomorphies unite them. Clarke (1981) also treated Pseudohyparpalus as most closely related to Hyparpalus, Orphanixus, and Parophonus. In my opinion, Pseudohyparpalus is most closely related to the genus Ophoniscus, because both these taxa are extremely similar to each other in their morphological characteristics, including the structure of the aedeagus with the lateral position of the apical orifice in many species (compare, for example, Figs. 31-32 and 49-50). Since Pseudohyparpalus is a rather diverse group and variable in its morphology, the single character differing it from Ophoniscus seems to be a long seta in the basal angle of the pronotum, which is present in the former and absent in the latter. It is quite possible that both taxa should be treated only as subgenera of one genus Ophoniscus.

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The current revision of the genus Pseudohyparpalus was published by Clarke (1981) who also provided a key to all the described species. This genus should also include the name Hypolithus attenuatus Erichson, 1842, omitted in Clarkes revision (see below). Pseudohyparpalus velutinus (Dejean, 1829) (Figs. 53-56)
Harpalus velutinus Dejean, 1829: 213. Type locality: Senegal. Hypolithus attenuatus Erichson in Klug, 1842: 5. Type locality: Senegal, syn. n.

TYPE MATERIAL. Lectotype of Harpalus velutinus Dejean: , labeled , velutinus m. in Senegal [Dejeans handwriting], Geoffray [Dejeans handwriting], Type, Pseudohyparpalus velutinus Dejean Type, Ch. Lecordier det. (MNHN); and 5 paralectotypes, all with common botton label velutinus Dej. Sngal, C. Dejean [Chaudoirs handwriting] (former Chaudoirs collection: MNHN): 3 (one of which lacking head and pronotum), without any pinned labels; 1 , Senegal, Ex Musaeo Mniszech; 1 , Ex Musaeo Mniszech. Lectotype (present designation) of Hypolithus attenuatus: , labeled attenuatus N., Mion. [handwriting on blue paper], 3470, Hist.-Coll. (Coleoptera), 3470, Hypolithus attenuatus N., Senegal, Mion, Zool. Mus. Berlin and Syntypus, Hypolithus attenuatus Erichson, 1842, labeled by MNHUB, 2004 (MNHUB); and 8 paralectotypes: 3 , same data as lectotype, but without handwritting label on blue paper (MNHUB); 1 , 1 , labeled Hypolithus attenuatus N. [handwritting] and Coll. L.W. Schaufuss (MNHUB); 2 , 1 , possessing each by a small square piece of golden paper and labeled Seneg. and attenuatus Erichs., Senegal [Mntris handwritting] (ZISP). REMARKS. Up to now the taxonomic position and status of Hypolithus attenuatus was obscure. This species was originally described by Erichson in Klug (1842) on the basis of the specimens collected in Senegal and more recently the same, very short description was published again by Dohrn (1859). In his revision of the African harpalines, Basilewsky (1951) cited this taxon as incertae sedis because he could not study the types. According to our data, there is no treatment of H. attenuatus in the more recent literature and this taxon was omitted in the modern catalogue of ground beetles of the world, published by Lorenz (1998a). Since the original description of H. attenuatus was included in the list of duplicates offered for sale by the Berlin Museum, the type series of this species apparently consisted of many syntypes and part of them were probably sold to other collections. I was able to study nine specimens from MNHUB and ZISP, which appear to be members of the original type series of H. attenuatus (see Type material). The examination of these specimens, one of which was designated here as a lectotype, revealed the identity of this taxon to be Pseudohyparpalus velutinus, as it was redescribed by Clarke (1981). The latter species was originally described from Senegal, amongst the Ophonus species within the genus Harpalus Latreille, 1802. The type series of Harpalus velutinus housed at MNHN was reexamined by Bruneau de Mir (1976), who first included this species in the genus Pseudohyparpalus and stated the incorrect treatment of that taxon by preceding workers. I have reexamined the lectotype of Harpalus velutinus, designated as type by Bruneau de Mir (1976: 273), and five other specimens, probably also of the type series of this species (see Type material). The aedeagus of the lectotype of Hypolithus attenuatus and the female genitalia of the paralectotype of this taxon are illustrated in Figs. 53-56.

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55

53 54 56 Figs. 53-56. Pseudohyparpalus velutinus (lectotype and paralectotype of Hypolithus attenuatus). 53 median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal aspect; 54 same, lateral aspect; 55 left hemisternite and stylus, ventral aspect; 56 stylus, lateral aspect. Scale = 0.5 mm.

Neohyparpalus Clarke, 1981


Neohyparpalus Clarke, 1981: 895 [as a genus]. Type species: Pseudohyparpalus parcepunctatus Basilewsky, 1949, by original designation.

DIAGNOSIS. Very similar to Pseudohyparpalus, but elytral punctation sparse, concentrated along sides of intervals; head very large; fronto-ocular prolongation very deep; scutellar striole short, never much longer than width of first two intervals; and apical stylomere of female genitalia rather broad, rounded at apex, with a thin seta on each external margin. DESCRIPTION. Body dark brown, without metallic lustre. Palpi, antennae and legs brownish yellow; 1st antennomere and femora paler. Body pubescent and punctate, setae short; punctation on dorsum sparse and irregular, on elytra concentrated mainly at sides of intervals. Frons, vertex and central part of pronotal disc almost glabrous. Clypeo-ocular prolongations deep, reaching supraorbital furrows. Genae narrow, internal margin of eye separated from buccal fissure by distance a little shorter than width of first antennomere. Mentum (Fig. 60) separated from submentum by complete transverse suture, with a distinct medial tooth and with two medial setae; epilobes moderately widened apically. Ligular sclerite rather broad, not expanded at apex (external angles slightly protruding laterally), with two long ventro-apical setae and without distal dorsal setae. Labial basal palpomere not carinate. Pronotum (Figs. 57-58) with long setae at apical angles and distinctly bordered basally; apical border widely interrupted medially. Basal angles obtuse, somewhat sharp (Fig. 57) or narrowly rounded (Fig. 58) at apex.

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Elytra with rounded humeri and distinct, but not deep, preapical sinuations. Sutural angle acute, narrowly rounded at apex. Scutellar striole short, usually not longer than width of first two intervals. Rows of discal pores present only on 3rd and 5th intervals; 7th interval without pores. Metepisterna long, strongly narrowed posteriad. Metacoxae without any additional pores. Apical abdominal sternum with two pairs of setae in both sexes. Protibia ventrally with a longitudinal row of spines and also finely pubescent; its apical spur basally clearly dentate at margins (Fig. 59). All tarsi pubescent dorsally. In male, pro- and mesotarsi dilated and with biseriate adhesive vestiture ventrally. First metatarsomere long and slender, but slightly shorter than 2nd and 3rd together. Median lobe of aedeagus (Figs. 61-62) arcuate; terminal lamella broad, triangular, with a small transverse apical capitulum; apical orifice in dorsal position, expanded to basal bulb; internal sac with a number of moderate spines. Apical stylomere of female genitalia (Figs. 63-64) rather broad, rounded at apex, with a thin seta on each external margin. COMPOSITION AND DISTRIBUTION. Includes only one species, N. parcepunctatus (Basilewsky, 1949), known from southern Zaire (Fig. 65). REMARKS. The genus was established for one species, N. parcepunctatus, originally described within the genus Pseudohyparpalus. However, no mention has been made by the preceding authors (Basilewsky, 1949, 1950; Clarke, 1981) of the shape of the apical spur of the protibia in this species. At my request, this character was kindly examined in the type specimens by my friend and colleague, S.Yu. Sinev (St. Petersburg), during his visit to the MRACT. He informed me that the apical spur of the protibia, both in the holotype and the paratype, is clearly dentate at the margins. Later, I was able verify this character in two specimens of this species, which were both determined by R. Clarke as N. parcepunctatus (see below). However, in these specimens both the apical and basal angles of the pronotum (Figs. 57-58) are covered with rather short pubescence, without longer setae, which is in contradiction to the original description of Neohyparpalus. Stability of the latter character should be verified on the basis of more material. Neohyparpalus parcepunctatus (Basilewsky, 1949) Figs. 57-64
Pseudohyparpalus parcepunctatus Basilewsky, 1949: 332. Type locality: Lulua, Kapanga, Zaire.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Zaire: 1 , Kundelungu, 1750 m, prairie herb, 5.III1950, N. Leleup leg. (MRACT); 1 , Katanga: Kundelungu (Affl.-Lualaba II), Basin L. Moaero, 1680 m, 21.X.1951, M. Leleup leg. (MRACT). DISTRIBUTION. Southern Zaire. Some notes on the genesis of the Ophoniscus-complex As stated in the beginning of the paper, the Ophoniscus-complex seems to be a derivative of the genus Parophonus sensu lato, members of which are widely distributed over warm regions of Africa and southern Eurasia, with one species in Australia. The current geographical distribution of the taxa belonging to the Ophoniscus-complex is rather unusual (Fig. 65). The two more diverse groups, Ophoniscus and Pseudohyparpalus, have large isolated ranges in the Oriental region and the Afrotropical region, respectively. Panagrius, contain-

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ing only two species, is restricted to two small areas in India within the geographical range of Ophoniscus, and the monotypic Neohyparpalus is confined to a small territory in southern Zaire within the geographical range of Pseudohyparpalus. Since the Oriental Ophoniscus seem to be more closely related to the Afrotropical Pseudohyparpalus than either of the two Oriental or two Afrotropical groups are to each other, I believe the common ancestral group of all the recent taxa of the Ophoniscus-complex, after its separation from the ancestral Parophonus lineage, was widely distributed on the territory including both Asia and Africa. This common ancestral group possessed the plesiomorphic states of the aedeagus with the apical orifice in the dorsal position, and of the general dorsal punctation, and pubescence which was rather fine, dense and uniform at least on the elytra. Panagrius and Neohyparpalus were separately and sequentially derived from the different members of this common ancestor,

59

57
A

58

60

64

63
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61

62

Figs. 57-64. Neohyparpalus parcepunctatus (Zaire, Kundelungu). 57 pronotum (male, 1750 m); 58 right basal angle of pronotum (female, 1680 m); 59 apical spur of protibia; 60 labium; 61 median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal aspect; 62 same, lateral aspect; 63 stylus, lateral aspect; 64 - left hemisternite and stylus, ventral aspect. Scales: A = 1.0 mm (Figs. 57-58), B = 0.5 mm (Figs. 59-62), C = 0.5 mm (Figs. 63-64).

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first Panagrius in Asia and then Neohyparpalus in Africa. Both of these taxa can be treated as specialized relicts. Like most other relict forms, they are characterized by a combination of plesiomorphic and apomorphic character states, in particular the plesiomorphic state of the apical orifice of the aedeagus in a dorsal position, and the apomorphic state of dorsal punctation and pubescence, very unusual in each group. Interestingly enough, both Panagrius and Neohyparpalus are characterized also by the apomorphic state of the female genitalia with a broad apical stylomere. More recently, the common Afro-Asian ancestor diverged into two groups, forming accordingly the Afrotropical Pseudohyparpalus and the Oriental Ophoniscus. Both of these taxa retained the plesiomorphic state of dorsal punctation and pubescence, but evolved the apomorphic state of the apical orifice of the aedeagus shifted to the left in most species, among other things. The phylogeny and historical zoogeography of the genus Pseudohyparpalus were considered in detail by Clarke (1981). According to him, the ancestral form of this taxon originated in the Palaearctic region and spread to Africa from Arabia through Ethiopia. He also reasoned that there were several invasions to the African continent. Clarke was unaware of the Oriental Ophoniscus and erroneously thought that the closest relatives of Pseudohyparpalus outside of Africa were the European Parophonus

Fig. 65. Distribution of the genera Panagrius, Ophoniscus, Pseudohyparpalus and Neohyparpalus.

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group. In this connection, the clarification of the taxonomic position of Eriophonus grandiceps, described from Syria, should be particularly important, because it is not unlikely that this taxon represents one more relict group of the Ophoniscus-complex separated early from its main stock. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am very grateful to Dr. T. Deuve (MNHN), Dr. M. Hartmann (NME), Dr. F. Hieke, Dr. B. Jaeger and Dr. M. Uhlig (MNHUB), Dr. H.-B. Liang (IZB), Dr. M. De Meyer (MRACT), Dr. Ch. Taylor and Dr. M. Barcly (NHML), and Dr. D.W. Wrase (Berlin) for loaning the specimens treated in the paper. Special thanks to Dr. V.V. Grebennikov (Rostov-na-Donu), who gave me the interesting material on Harpalini collected by him in Kenya. I am also indebted to Dr. S.Yu. Sinev (ZISP) for the examination of the types of Pseudohyparpalus parcepunctatus at the MRACT and to Dr. B. Jaeger (MNHUB) for the valuable information about the types and the bibliography of Hypolithus attenuatus. The research was made possible by Grant No. 04-04-49109 from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research. REFERENCES
Andrewes H.E. 1919. On the types of Oriental Carabidae in the British Museum, and in the Hope Department of the Oxford University Museum. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 15(1-2): 119-217. Andrewes H.E. 1923. Papers on Oriental Carabidae. XI. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, including Zoology, Botany, and Geology, Series 9, 12: 442-455. Andrewes H. E. 1933. Papers on Oriental Carabidae. XXVII. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, including Zoology, Botany, and Geology, Series 10, 11: 99-110. Andrewes H.E. 1939. Papers on Oriental Carabidae. XXXV. On the types of some Indian genera. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, including Zoology, Botany, and Geology, Series 11, 3: 128-139. Ball G.E. & Bousquet Y. 2001. Carabidae Latreille, 1810. Pp. 32-132. In: Arnett R.H. & Thomas M.C. (eds.): American beetles. Volume 1. Archostemata, Myxophaga, Adephaga. Polyphaga: Staphyliniformia. Boca Raton, London, New York, Washington: CRC Press. 443 pp. Basilewsky P. 1946. Contribution a ltude des Carabidae Harpalinae dAfrique. Bulletin et Annales de la Socite Entomologique de Belgique, 82: 249-258. Basilewsky P. 1949. Coloptres Carabidae africains nouveaux. II. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 41(4): 323-342. Basilewsky P. 1950. Rvision gnrale des Harpalinae dAfrique et de Madagascar (Coleoptera Carabidae). Premire partie. Annales du Muse du Congo Belge Tervuren (Belgique). Srie in 8. Sciences Zoologiques, 6: 1-283. Basilewsky P. 1951. Rvision gnrale des Harpalinae dAfrique et de Madagascar (Coleoptera Carabidae). Deuxime partie. Annales du Muse du Congo Belge Tervuren (Belgique). Srie in 8. Sciences Zoologiques, 9: 1-333. Bates H.W. 1886. On the Geodephagous Coleoptera collected by Mr. George Lewis in Ceylon. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 5, 17: 68-212, 214-221. Bates H.W. 1892. Viaggio di Leonardo Fea in Birmania e regioni vicini. XLIV. List of the Carabidae. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Series 2, 12(32): 267-428. Bruneau de Mir Ph. 1976. Les types de Harpalinae africains de la collection Ren Oberthr dAfrique occidentale et centrale. Bulletin de la Socit entomologique de France, 81: 270-276.

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Clarke R.O.S. 1981. A revision of the African genus Pseudohyparpalus Basilewsky with the description of a new genus, and notes on their phylogeny and historical zoogeography (Coleoptera Carabidae Harpalini). Revue de Zoologie africaine, 95(4): 848-922. Csiki E. 1932. Carabidae. Harpalinae. Volum VI, Pars 121. In: W. Junk & Schenkling S. (eds.): Coleopterorum Catalogus. Berlin: Junk, pp. 1023-1278. Dejean P.F.M.A. 1829. Spcies gnral des Coloptres, de la collection de M. le Comte Dejean. Tome quadrime. Paris: Mquignon-Marvis, vii + 520 pp. Dohrn C.A. 1859. Einige Diagnosen von Klug und Erichson. Entomologishe Zeitung. Herausgegeben von dem entomologischen Vereine zu Stettin, 1859 : 83-87. Ito N. 1994. Studies on Asian Carabidae. VIII. Species of the genus Ophoniscus. Elytra, 22(1): 81-88. Ito N. 1996. A new genus and two new species of Selenophori group (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Harpalini). Linzer biologische Beitrge, 28(1): 221-229. Kataev B.M. 1999. A new genus and a new species of ground beetles of the Selenophori group from China (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Harpalini). P. 363-368. In: Zamotajlov A. & Sciaky R. (eds.): Advances in Carabidology (Papers Dedicated to the Memory of Prof. Oleg L. Kryzhanovskij). Muiso Publishers: Krasnodar. 473 pp. Kataev B.M. 2002. On some new and little-known species of the Anisodactylina and Harpalina (the Selenophori group) from East Asia and Oriental region (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Harpalini). Russian Entomological Journal, 11(3): 241-252. Klug J.C.F. 1842. Doubletten-Verzeichnis von Senegallensischen Insecten mit Diagnosen neuer Arten von Klug und Erichson. Berlin. 15 S. Lorenz W. 1998a. Systematic list of extant ground beetles of the world (Insecta Coleoptera Geadephaga: Trachypachidae and Carabidae incl. Paussinae, Cicindelinae, Rhysodinae). First Edition. Typeset and printed by W. Lorenz. 502 pp. Lorenz W. 1998b. Nomina Carabidarum. A directory of the scientific names of ground beetles (Insecta, Coleoptera Geadephaga: Trachypachidae and Carabidae incl. Paussinae, Cicindelinae, Rhysodinae). First Edition. Typeset and printed by W. Lorenz. 937 pp. Noonan G.R. 1985a. Classification and names of the Selenophori group (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Harpalini) and of nine genera and subgenera placed in incertae sedis within Harpalina. Milwaukee Public Museum, Contributions in Biology and Geology, 64: 1-92. Noonan G.R. 1985b. Reconstructed phylogeny and zoogeography of the genera and subgenera of the Selenophori group (Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae: Harpalini: Harpalina). Milwaukee Public Museum, Contributions in Biology and Geology, 65: 1-33. Reitter E. 1900. Bestimmungs-Tabelle der europischen Coleopteren. Enthaltend: Carabidae, Abtheilung: Harpalini. Verhandlungen des naturforschenden Vereines in Brnn, 38[1899]: 33-155. Sciaky R. 1992. Revisione dei Selenophorina paleartici occidentali (Coleoptera Carabidae Harpalinae) (XXXVI contributo alla conoscenza dei Coleoptera Carabidae). Bollettino di Zoologia agraria e di Bachicoltura, Serie 2, 24(1): 37-65. Tschitschrine T. 1901. Genera des Harpalini des rgion Palarctique et Palanarctique. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae, 35: 217-251. Walker F. 1858. Characters of some apparently undescribed Ceylon insects. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Including Zoology, Botany, and Geology, Series 3, 2: 202-209.

PENSOFT Publishers Two New Species Sofia Moscow

Konstantinov, Tishechkin, Penev (eds.) 2005 of the Weevil Genus Polydrusus Germar from Iran 289 Contributions toSouthern Systematics and Biology of Beetles Papers Celebrating the 80th Birthday of Igor Konstantinovich Lopatin, pp. 289-297

Two New Species of the Weevil Genus Polydrusus Germar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae) from Southern Iran
J. E. Meleshko and B. A. Korotyaev
(MJE) State University of Belarus, Minsk 220050, Belarus; (KBA) Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia

ABSTRACT
Two new subgenera are described in the weevil genus Polydrusus Germar (Entiminae: Polydrusini), both are based on new species from one location in southern Iran. The new subgenus Stenodrusus with the type species P. nadaii sp. n. includes also southern Anatolian P. roseiceps Pesarini and differs from the closely related subgenus Scythodrusus Korotyaev et Meleshko, 1997 prima facies in a more elongate body with narrow head and pronotum, smaller eyes, finely carinate rostrum, longer antennae, number of spurs on the tibiae, and dorsal pattern with broad differently colored median area on the head or pronotum and elytra instead of the two oblique bands on the elytra typical of Scythodrusus. The monotypical new subgenus Parthodrusus, with P. lopatini sp. n. as the type species, is very close to the Middle Asian Orodrusus Korotyaev et Meleshko, 1997 but differs in a larger body size of the single species included, dentate femora, and tibial spurs formula. Both subgenera differ from their allies also in the morphology of the mouthparts, metendosternite, and genitalia.

KEY WORDS
Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Polydrusus, new subgenera, new species, Iran

Two undescribed species of Polydrusus Germar from Iran were found in A. Podlussny collection (Budapest, Hungary) (APBH). Holotypes are deposited in the collection of the Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest (HNHM); two paratypes of P. nadaii sp. n. are deposited in the A. Podlussny collection, and two, in the collection of the Zoological Institute, St. Petersburg (ZIN). Both species stand widely apart from their relatives and are separated in two new subgenera. SUBGENUS STENODRUSUS MELESHKO ET KOROTYAEV, SUBGEN. N. Type species Polydrusus nadaii sp. n. Species of the new subgenus are similar to representatives of Scythodrusus Korotyaev et Meleshko, 1997 in the shape of the head capsule with medium-sized eyes; flat or shallowly depressed frons leveling with dorsal surface of rostrum; short, weakly narrowing apically, flat rostrum; direction of the gular suture; shape and situation of the tentorial pits; structure of the mandible and maxilla; dentate femora; light pinkish or green scaling and the presence of semi-erect setae on the elytra.

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The following characters differentiate the new subgenus from Scythodrusus: antennae more slender; body narrower, head and pronotum much narrower than elytra, latter with welldeveloped angular humeral tubercles and not rounded at sides, sharply narrowing and compressed apically, with rounded apices in type species (Figs 14); hind wings fully developed; head capsule smaller and narrower; eyes smaller; rostrum with fine median carina; smaller number of lacinial teeth on mala, the latter wider than in Scythodrusus; two setae present on outer surface of ligula in type species [among examined species of Polydrusus, only P. (Chrysophis) sericeus Schaller and P. (Conocetus) gracilicornis Kiesenwetter have setae on outer surface of the ligula, but prementum of these species is lacking setae]; dorsal pubescence of body composed of shorter subrecumbent hairs; scales and setae in middle part of pronotal disc pointed from posterior to anterior margin of pronotum in Stenodrusus, and pointed posteriorly in Scythodrusus; elytra shallowly depressed on 2nd4th intervals at 1/5 of their length from base; tibial mucro poorly developed; one spur present on fore and middle tibiae, and two spurs on hind tibia [in Scythodrusus, one spur on fore tibia and two spurs on the middle and hind tibiae are present]; metendosternite more slender and has long, narrow stem; anal ventrite in female smoothly rounded apically; spiculum ventrale heavily sclerotized in middle (Figs 14, 18) [in Scythodrusus, spiculum ventrale is heavily sclerotized apically]; spermatheca (Figs 13, 19) has broad, weakly separated collum and well-developed ramus [collum in Scythodrusus is always well developed and larger than ramus (Fig. 20)]. Dorsal pattern of new subgenus differs in lacking oblique bands on elytra, which are more or less well developed in most species of Scythodrusus; instead, dorsal side of Stenodrusus infuscate medially (only head in P. roseiceps, and pronotum and elytra in P. nadaii sp. n.).

Figs 14. Polydrusus Germ., body outline (1), and elytra laterally (24). (1, 2) P. nadaii sp. n., (3) P. inustus Germ., (4) P. pilifer Hochh.

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In addition to P. nadaii sp. n., we place P. roseiceps Pesarini in the new subgenus. This species differs from P. nadaii sp. n. in the absence of setae on the outer surface of the ligula, less deeply bisinuate lateral margin of the elytra with weakly raised suture and short, subrecumbent setae. Although the differences are considerable, the set of shared characters, including general external similarity, justifies placement of P. roseiceps and P. nadaii sp. n. in the same subgenus. Etymology. The name of the new subgenus is a combination of the Greek word stenos (narrow) referring to the narrow pronotum of the type species and a part of the name Polydrusus. Polydrusus (Stenodrusus) nadaii Meleshko et Korotyaev, sp. n. Holotype: , Iran, Fars Prov., Saadat-Shah, 1900 m, 20.IV.1999 (Lszlo Ndai) (HNHM). Paratypes: 4 , as holotype (APBH, ZIN). Description. Female. Head narrow; rostrum 1.361.49 times as wide as long (Fig. 5), with straight sides, weakly narrowing toward apex and deeply excised in middle; dorsum flat, slightly depressed at sides of, and behind epistome. Latter rather ill-defined, limited to median third of rostrum and reaching its anterior margin as two low, almost linear, weakly arcuately diverging ridges. Posterior margin of epistome weakly convex only in median part. Sides of dorsum well defined although not ridged, weakly converging basally and separated from eyes by gentle shallow oblique depressions along eyes. Surface of rostrum matte, with dense shallow punctures; intervals between punctures forming weak median carina in anterior half of rostrum. Antennal scrobes forming narrow pterygia not protruding beyond rostrum. Dorsal margin of scrobe obtuse and covered with scales, gently curved and directed toward anterior margin of eye but disappearing very close to base (Fig. 6); ventral margin gently curved postero-ventrally somewhat below ventral margin of eye and gradually disappearing behind middle of rostrum. Frons leveling with rostral dorsum, slightly depressed in middle part or across its entire width, with small median fovea. Width of frons 1.5 longitudinal diameters of eye. Eyes mediumsized, moderately convex. Temples long, as long as eye, parallel. Gular suture reaching ventral margin of eye and touching small, well-defined tentorial pits. Mandible large, with small sharp teeth on cutting edge (Fig. 9), four or five long and two short setae and several scales on outer surface. Maxilla (Fig. 10) wide, with five heavily sclerotized lacinial teeth, six long and 16 short (half-length of the former) setae on outer surface. First two segments of lacinia with two stipes with seven setae. Labium wide (Fig. 7). Prementum with two long setae; formula of labial palpi setae 1-1-0. Ligula produced in process curved toward 1st segment of labial palpus; outer surface of ligula with two very short setae (Fig. 8). Antennae slender, moderately long. Scape curved, with apex barely passing posterior eye margin. First segment of funicle widened at apex, slightly longer than 2nd segment; 3rd and 4th segments of subequal lengths, half as long as 1st segment; 5th segment cylindrical, about half as long as 4th; 6th and 7th segments of equal lengths, widened apically, slightly shorter than 4th segment. Club spindle-shaped, as long as 47th segments of funicle combined. Pronotum weakly transverse, 1.221.28 times as wide as long, weakly rounded, widest slightly before middle, only 1.15 times as wide as head (measured across eyes) and much narrower than elytra (0.6 times as wide as those). Basal and apical constrictions on disc shallow, the former visible only in lateral view, but well-developed on sides. Disc flattened, occasionally with shallow depression at apical constriction. Punctation of disc dense, fine and shallow.

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Elytra 2.062.11 times as long as wide, elongate, rather narrow, with well-developed humeral prominences, sharply narrowing and compressed at apex (Fig. 1). Suture roof-shaped raised along most of length, very strongly so on apical declivity. Striae sharp, narrow, with oval moderately deep punctures. Intervals flat, shining, finely punctate; 2nd4th intervals depressed at 1/5 length from base. In lateral view, elytra somewhat depressed near base, roundly sloping at apex. Lateral margin of elytron rather strongly convex behind base of abdomen and shallowly emarginate before roundly blunted apex (Fig. 2). Scutellum small, triangular. Wings well developed. Legs long, slender. Femora moderately swollen, armed with fine, sharp tooth. Tibiae oval in cross-section, nearly straight except weakly incurved and widened apices, all with fine, obsolete mucro. Fore and middle tibiae with one, hind tibia with two spurs. Tarsi long, with 1st segment longest, 2nd half as long as 1st, 3rd segment 2/3 as long and twice as wide as 2nd, claw-segment

13

10

12 6 11

14

15

16

17

19

20

18

Figs 520. Polydrusus Germ. (514) P. nadaii sp. n., female: (5) head dorsally, (6) head laterally, (7) labium ventrally, (8) labium laterally, (9) mandible, proximal view, (10) maxilla, (11) anal ventrite, (12) metendosternite, (13) spermatheca, (14) spiculum ventrale; (1519) P. roseiceps Pesarini: (15) labium ventrally and (16) labium laterally, (17) maxilla, (18) spiculum ventrale, (19) spermatheca; (20) P. inustus Germ., spermatheca.

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as long as 1st segment. Claws with narrowly diverging apices. Metendosternite (Fig. 12) similar to that in P. astutus Gyll., P. pilifer Hochh. and P. roseiceps Pesarini: with small ventral prominence, long laminae and approximated tendons. Ventrites moderately convex; basal ventrite twice as long as 3rd and 4th, 1st ventral suture weakly curved. Anal ventrite gently rounded at apex (Fig. 11). Spiculum ventrale (Fig. 14) gradually narrowing apically, similar to that in other species of Scythodrusus, but differing in heavier sclerotization of median area, similar to that in P. roseiceps. Apical margin of spiculum ventrale with eight long and eight short setae; very short setae on lamella forming no regular rows. Ovipositor weakly sclerotized, styli with four setae at apices. Spermatheca with wide collum, small ramus similar to that in P. turcicus Meleshko & Korotyaev, 2003 and P. roseiceps, and barely noticeable papillate prominence on cornu (Fig. 13), similar to that in P. astutus Gyll. Body and femora, except rufous apices, dark brown; tibiae rufous with more or less extensively and strongly infuscate basal part; antennae and tarsi rufous. Median part of dorsum moderately densely covered with pinkish drop-shaped, sides with pale creamy lanceolate scales. Scutellum with sparse white narrow-lanceolate scales; lanceolate scales also present on vertex and on disc of pronotum. Elytra with recumbent dark coarse setae slightly shorter than width of elytral intervals. Legs clothed with narrower scales, almost hair-like on tibiae and tarsi. Underside densely covered with white drop-shaped scales, anal ventrite with lanceolate scales. Body length 5.47.0 mm. Etymology. The species is named for the collector, Dr. Lszl Ndai of the HNHM, Budapest, who has discovered two remarkable new species of Polydrusus in southern Iran. SUBGENUS PARTHODRUSUS MELESHKO ET KOROTYAEV, SUBGEN. N. Type species Polydrusus lopatini sp. n. P. lopatini sp. n. is similar to species of Orodrusus in the general appearance, including the characteristic light vestiture of the dorsal surface with oblique bands on the elytra, but is considerably larger than all species of Orodrusus measuring usually about 5 mm, and possesses a set of morphological distinctions in many structures, which well separates it from Orodrusus. The new subgenus differs from the closely related Orodrusus in the following characters. Tentorial pits separated from gular suture; ventral side of head with fovea at point of gular suture bifurcation [in Orodrusus, tentorial pits are not separated from the gular suture, merging in a single fovea in some species, and no fovea is present at the point of the gular suture bifurcation]. Ligula wide, produced and pointed apically, bent toward 1st segment of palpus [in Orodrusus, the ligula is rather wide and is not attenuate in a narrow projection but smoothly extends from base to apex of the prementum]. Setal formula of labial palpi in Parthodrusus 2-10 [1-1-0 in Orodrusus]. Metendosternite in Parthodrusus with long, slender stem and well-developed laminae [in Orodrusus it has short stem and vestigial laminae]. Femora finely dentate [mutic in Orodrusus]; number of tibial spurs 1-1-2 [0-1-1 in Orodrusus]. Suture between 1st and 2nd ventrites nearly straight in P. lopatini and noticeably emarginate in all Orodrusus. Anal ventrite in male with deep depression limited by carinae, and apex of ventrite excised [in males of Orodrusus the ventrite is flat or shallowly depressed in the middle, with rounded or truncate apex]. Penis with subapical constriction not present in Orodrusus. Spiculum gastrale more heavily sclerotized in basal part than in Orodrusus.

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Etymology. The name of the new subgenus is a combination of Parthia, an ancient country SW of the Caspian Sea, and a part of the name Polydrusus. Polydrusus (Parthodrusus) lopatini Meleshko et Korotyaev, sp. n. Holotype, male: Iran, Fars Prov., Saadat-Shah, 1900 m, 20.IV.1999 (Lszl Ndai) (HNHM). Description. Male. Rostrum as long as wide, with sides shallowly emarginate, pterygia weakly protruding, dorsum flat, angularly protruding to frons and separated from eyes by oblique depressions. Sides of dorsum in basal half subparallel, smoothening towards eyes; in apical half moderately roundly expanded over antennal sockets. Anterior margin of rostrum with moderately deep median emargination. Epistome somewhat ill-defined, weakly convex and rounded posteriorly and moderately sloping to apex of rostrum. Apical half of rostrum glabrous, shining, with sparse small round punctures; basal half matte, with dense fine striate punctation mostly obscured by scaling. Ventral side of head with small fovea at bifurcation point of gular suture, the latter reaching ventral margin of eye. Tentorial pits small, separated from gular suture. Mandibles large, strongly convex, with very sharp cutting edge; when clasped, concealing maxillae and labium. Maxilla with moderately wide mala (Fig. 23) bearing five heavily sclerotized lacinial teeth, eight medium-long coarse and 23 long hair-like setae. Inner-lateral surface of mala with

22

21 Figs 21, 22. Polydrusus lopatini sp. n., body outline (21) and head laterally (22).

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four small denticles. First two segments each with two setae, stipes with five setae. Labium narrow, with two setae on prementum (Fig. 24). Ligula wide, produced and pointed apically, bent toward 1st segment of palpus (Fig. 25). Segments of labial palpi cylindrical, with setal formula 21-0. Antennal scrobes (Fig. 22) broad and shallow, matte, with dorsal margin ill-defined, vanishing very close to antennal attachment, and ventral margin angularly bending postero-ventrally before midlength of rostrum and vanishing at half-way to eye slightly below middle of rostrum depth. Surface of scrobes obsoletely striate; sides of rostrum sparsely and finely squamose along dorsal margin and near eyes. Antennae long and slender; scape weakly bent in apical half, with apical third moderately swollen, apex touching anterior margin of pronotum. Second segment of funicle slightly shorter than 1st, 3rd segment half as long as 2nd and slightly shorter than 4th, twice as long as wide; 5th about 0.6 times as long as 4th, somewhat shorter and narrower than the subequal 6th and 7th segments. Club narrow spindle-shaped, 3 times as long as wide. Eyes medium-sized, wide-oval, strongly convex; in lateral view, their dorsal margin protruding above head contour. Frons moderately depressed in middle part across its entire width comprising about 1.3 longitudinal diameters of eye. Temples slightly shorter than eye, barely diverging, without any constriction. Head capsule densely finely punctate. Pronotum 1.06 times as wide as long, with sides barely rounded, obsoletely widening anteriorly and more sharply constricted at apex than at base. Disc weakly convex, somewhat flattened in middle, matte, densely finely punctate, with punctures at centre finer and somewhat obliterated. Scutellum rather large, trapeziform with rounded apex.

23

24

25

30

31

28 26 27

29

Figs 2331. Polydrusus lopatini sp. n., male. (23) maxilla, (24) labium ventrally, (25) labium laterally, (26) metendosternite, (27) 4th and anal ventrites, (28) aedeagus ventrally, (29) aedeagus laterally, (30) apex of aedeagus dorsally, (31) spiculum gastrale.

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Elytra (Fig. 21) 2.0 times as long as wide, with moderately prominent, oblique humeri, scarcely roundly widening posteriorly, widest somewhat behind middle, jointly rounded at apex. Disc moderately convex in cross-section, weakly and rather evenly convex longitudinally except for shallowly depressed area at end of basal quarter, shortly and rather steeply sloping at base and gradually sloping in apical half. Striae moderately deep and wide at base and becoming noticeably finer and shallower apically, with deep, densely arranged punctures. Intervals in middle of disc 34 times as wide as striae, slightly convex or nearly flat, shining, sparsely finely punctate. Legs long and slender; femora moderately swollen in apical part, all with well-developed tooth densely covered with white scales. Fore and middle tibiae weakly incurved in apical third, slightly widened at apex but with apical outer angle roundly beveled. Hind tibia weakly S-curved, slightly widening apically, with short, widely rounded apical comb. All tibiae provided with short mucro pointed perpendicular to tibial axis, the one on hind tibia shortest. Compressed brush of dark hairs adjacent to pale brown mucro producing appearance of solid structure. Fore and middle tibiae with one, hind tibia with two spurs. Tarsi long; 1st segment 2.5, 2nd segment 1.5 times as long as wide, 3rd segment 0.7 times as long, and slightly more than 1.5 times as wide as 2nd; clawsegment weakly widening apically, by two-thirds of its length protruding beyond lobes of 3rd segment. Metendosternite slender (Fig. 26), with well-developed narrow laminae, slender stem, small ventral prominence, and approximated tendons. Ventrites moderately convex. Basal ventrite longest, 1.3 times as long as 2nd ventrite. Third and 4th ventrites of subequal lengths, half as long as basal ventrite. Fourth ventrite shallowly depressed in middle, with posterior margin slightly emarginate. Anal ventrite almost as long as basal one, with median depression limited at sides by carinae and emarginate apex (Fig. 27). Aedeagus (Figs 2830) heavily sclerotized. Penis moderately curved, 2.6 times as long as apodemes, weakly constricted near, and shortly produced at apex. Base of spiculum gastrale heavily sclerotized (Fig. 31). Body chestnut-brown; scape and bases of funicular segments of antennae pale brown, apex of scape and club dark brown. Dorsal side with moderately dense vestiture of recumbent oblong, widening apically, truncate pinkish scales, thinned in middle of frons, disc of pronotum, and leaving oblique bands of bare patches on elytral intervals on convex part behind scutellum, at, and behind middle of elytra. Intervals of elytra, in addition, with 3 or 4 rows of semi-erect brown setae; length of setae comprising about half-width of intervals of elytra. Legs with mottled vestiture of pinkish hair-like and narrow-lanceolate scales and pale brown semi-erect setae longest on dorsum and sides of tarsal segments. Apical part of femora with wide ill-defined ring of denser pale narrow scales especially dense on tooth. Body length 6.15 mm. Etymology. The species is named for Professor I. K. Lopatin who has made a valuable contribution to the knowledge of the insect fauna of Iran, Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, and Middle Asia. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We cordially thank A. Podlussny (Budapest) for an opportunity of examining his material and for donation of two paratypes of P. nadaii to the collection of the Zoological Institute, St. Petersburg. The study of B. A. Korotyaev was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, grant no. 04-04-49109 a.

Two New Species of the Weevil Genus Polydrusus Germar from Southern Iran LITERATURE CITED

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Korotyaev, B. A. and J. Ye. Meleshko. 1997. On the systematics of the weevil genus Polydrusus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zoosystematica Rossica, 6(1/2): 275-286. Meleshko, J. E. and B. A. Korotyaev. 2003. A new species of the weevil genus Polydrusus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) from Turkey. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 82(9): 11291132.

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PENSOFT On Publishers Connections Sofia Moscow

Konstantinov, Tishechkin, Penev (eds.) 2005 of the Sand Desert Faunas of Tenebrionidae Middleand Asia 299 Contributions of to Systematics Biology of Beetles Papers Celebrating the 80th Birthday of Igor Konstantinovich Lopatin, pp. 299-314

On Connections of the Sand Desert Faunas of Tenebrionidae (Coleoptera) of Middle Asia, Iran, and Afghanistan
G. S. Medvedev
Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034, St. Petersburg, Russia

ABSTRACT
The sand desert faunas of Tenebrionidae of Middle Asia, Iran and Afghanistan are compared. It is shown that psammophilous tenebrionids of Turan and Iran have been developing in considerable isolation by Turano-Khorassan Mountains and Paropamisus. They radiated more intensely in the Middle Asia than in Iran. The following new taxa are described: Argyradelpha G. Medvedev, gen. n.; Argyradelpha lopatini G. Medvedev, sp. n.; and Waterhousia lopatini G. Medvedev, sp. n. The following new synonyms are established: Earophanta pilosissima Reitter, 1895 = E. loudoni Semenov, 1903, syn. n.; Earophanta planidorsis Reitter, 1889 = E. autumnalis Semenov, 1903, syn. n.; Dietomorpha pardalis Khnelt, 1957 = Kawiria szekessyi Kaszab, 1957, syn. n.; Waterhousia Skopin, 1973 = Heinrichesia Carl, 2000, syn. n.

KEY WORDS
Psammophilous Tenebrionidae, biogeography, new genus, new species, Middle Asia, Iran, Afghanistan.

Tenebrionidae are one of the groups of insects dominating desert fauna of different regions of the temperate and tropical zones. The development of the subelytral cavity as an adaptation to the parsimonious expenditure of water by beetles has resulted in their loss of wings and ability to fly. The absence of wings often characterizes taxa of the generic or tribal rank presuming their loss already by the ancestral forms of these taxa which had proceeded a long evolution in the deserts or had originated in the mountains. Tenebrionidae which live in loose sands demonstrate the deepest rearrangements of the body and legs providing their ability to penetrate in the sand to the depth where the substrate temperature at daytime is considerably lower than that on the surface. The way made in the loose sand is immediately filled with sand again so that sand-dune dwellers can move in the sand without constructing tunnels. The motion of psammophilous tenebrionids with a comparatively smallsized body is similar to swimming of water insects. Upon adaptation to these habitats with extreme environmental characteristics, the highly advanced psammophilous tenebrionids became strongly dependent on the presence of loose sands in the landscape for a long time. Disappearance of extensive sand massifs from the landscape is apparently responsible for the restricted distribution of some sand-dune species. For example, Diaphanidus antennatus Rtt., Ammozoum va-

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lidicorne Rtt. (Erodiini), Eschatostena kuznetzovi Kelejn. (Tentyriini), Habrobates vejisovi Kelejn. (Platyopini), Remipedella deserti Sem. (Blaptini), and Weisea sabulicola Sem. (Opatrini) are known only from Repetek Nature Reserve in the Eastern Kara Kum. Exploitation of loose sands by Tenebrionidae is favoured by the availability of food provided by sparse bushes of Calligonum spp., Salsola richteri, Haloxylon persicum, Ammodendron conollyi. Other factors, e.g., an easiness of digging the beetles in the sand, should also be considered. Digging in fixed sand needs loosening the substrate and pushing it out from the tunnel with the use of armament of the outer surface of fore tibia consisting of strong spines and teeth, and the hair brushes on the segments of middle and hind tarsi. Species living on fixed sands often use burrows of vertebrates and various cavities in the soil. The latter habit is more typical of the tenebrionids of those genera which include mostly non-psammophilous species. For example, in the genus Dichillus Jacq. only D. reitteri Sem. is a psammophilous species; in the genus Cyphogenia Sol. it is C. limbata F.-W.; in Ocnera F.-W., O. lepidacantha F.-W.; in Atrachyderma Skop., A. triangularis Faust; in Blaps F., B. faustii Seidl. (Fig. 5), B. pruinosa Fald., B. scutellata F.-W., B. hiemalis Sem. et A. Bog., and B. jakovlevi Sem. et A. Bog. Digging in the fixed sand takes considerable time and effort, but it gives an advantage of enabling wide distribution in the deserts and survival in wide range of habitats (e. g., both in the landscapes with loose and fixed sands). For understanding of the former and recent faunal connections of the Palaearctic sand deserts, data on the distribution of psammophilous tenebrionids belonging to the taxa uniting exclusively wingless forms are of special interest. These taxa have a very long history of inhabiting arid
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Fig. 1. Distribution of the genus Alcinoeta Strand in Middle Asia and collection records of A. iranica G. Medv. in Iran (circles).

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landscapes. It is noteworthy that Palaearctic sand deserts do not constitute an entire latitudinal zone. In Middle and Central Asia [Middle Asia is a natural region that is distinct from Central Asia: it includes the Asian republics of the former USSR and neighbouring parts of Afghanistan; the region is characterised by warm winters and maximum rainfalls in spring and autumn. Central Asia is a climatic region that includes Mongolia and a large area of western China; it is characterised by an extreme continental climate with harsh winters and maximum rainfall in late summer] and Plateau of Iran, sand deserts are separated by mountain systems now impassable for wingless psammophilous species. The presence of representatives of the same or closely related genera of highly specialized psammophilous genera in the desert faunas separated by mountain chains suggests an incomplete isolation of the sand desert massifs and their faunas in the past. A comparison of the sand desert faunas of Turan and the Plateau of Iran shows that only a small number of psammophilous wingless genera are common to both regions. Of the 20 Turanian wingless psammophilous genera, only four are represented also in the deserts of the Plateau of Iran. For example, the genus Habrobates Sem. (Platyopini) (Fig. 2) includes two species in the Kara Kum Desert, H. vernalis Sem. (Fig. 6) and H. vejisovi Kel., and one species, H. agnesae Schuster, from the Dasht-e-Lut Desert in Iran. The genus Earophanta Sem. (Platyopini) with seven species distributed in sand deserts from the Central Kara Kum to Northwestern China has only one species (E. beludzhistanica A. Bog.) in the Registan Desert in Afghanistan and in the adjacent part of Pakistan. Although Turkmeno-Khorassan Mountains and Paropamisus (=Paropamiz) are essentially restricting the distribution of the wingless psammophilous species of the Turanian fauna to the sand
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Fig. 2. Collection records of species of the genus Habrobates Sem. in the Kara Kum and Dasht-e-Lut. 1, H. vernalis Sem. and H. vejisovi Kelejn.; 2, 3, H. vernalis; 4, H. agnesae Schust.

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deserts of the Plateau of Iran, these and some other examples presume that the landscape barriers were less crucial in the past. Of the Turanian species of Earophanta, E. serrata Sem., E. pilosissima Reitter, 1895 (=E. loudoni Semenov, 1903, syn. n.), and E. planidorsis Reitter, 1889 (=E. autumnalis Semenov, 1903, syn. n.; the substantiation of the synonymies see at the end of this paper) have ranges extending farthest southward (to Badghyz and, usually, adjacent regions of Afghanistan). For example, two representatives of the genus Alcinoeta Strand (Tentyriini) (Fig. 1), the species composition and distribution of which have been considered before (Medvedev 1988), A. helopioides Mn. and A. deserta A. Bog., occur in the Kara Kum and Kyzyl Kum sand deserts, and one species, A. iranica G. Medv., is distributed in the easternmost part of Iran (southern Khorassan and Sistan). Considering the broader differentiation of the genus Alcinoeta in southern Turan (A. helopioides includes, in addition to the nominotypical subspecies, also A. helopioides spectabilis Kr.) and the presence of the closely related genus Dengitha Rtt. with three species, D. crystalina Sem., D. lutea Rtt. and D. symmetrica G. Medv. in the same region, one may presume with confidence the origin of the genus Alcinoeta in the Middle Asian deserts and subsequent distribution to the south through the area recently occupied by Paropamisus. The more specialized psammophilous genus Dengitha has not expanded to the sand massifs of Badghyz south of the Kara Kum where Alcinoeta helopioides helopioides is common. The shift of the species of the genus Dengitha to nocturnal activity is conditioned by the depigmentation of the integument of the body. Partial depigmentation of integument is often found in the species of the genus Alcinoeta, in particular, in A. deserta with brownish body. In 2005, a new species of the genus Diesia F.-W., in which two species widely distributed in Middle Asia were known, was found in Khorassan.
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Fig. 3. Distribution of the genus Earophanta Sem. in Middle Asia and Kazakhstan, and collection records of E. beludzhistanica A. Bog. in the Registan Desert (Afghanistan) and in Baluchistan (Pakistan) (circles).

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For analysis of the faunal connections between sand deserts of Middle Asia and the Plateau of Iran, of a special interest is a discovery of a species in the Registan Desert which should be treated as a new genus Argyradelpha gen. n. closely related to the Middle Asian Argyrophana Sem. (Pimeliini) (Fig. 4). The genus Argyrophana comprises four very similar species occurring in the Southern Turanian deserts from the middle section of the Syr Daria to the southern border of the Kara Kum. Species of the genus Argyrophana manifest a high level of adaptation to dwelling in extreme environmental conditions. They are characterized by a nocturnal activity, depigmentation of the integument, highly developed broom-shaped brushes of long setae on the segments of middle and hind tarsi. The above-mentioned species of the genus Argyradelpha from the Registan Desert has a well-developed spiny armament of outer margin of the fore tibia and more intensely pigmented body than in the species of Argyrophana, which suggests that it inhabits harder sands as compared to the latter genus and, probably, not necessarily has nocturnal activity. Among the taxa represented in the desert fauna of the Plateau of Iran, the genus Pseudopodhomala Schuster (Pimeliini) distributed in southern Iran and Baluchistan is of a particular interest. The structure of the elytra and legs in this genus shows its close affinity with the genus Argyrophana although species of Pseudopodhomala retain dark coloration of the body, probably, in connection with the variability of the type of their diurnal activity in dependence of the weather. The presence of strong spines on the lateral surface of the fore tibia clearly indicates the preference of moderately dense sands by species of Pseudopodhomala. The level of their adaptive rearrangements is, consequently, lower than in the species of Argyrophana.

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Fig. 4. The range of the genus Argyrophana Sem. and collection record of Argyradelpha lopatini gen. et sp. n. (circles)

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Adaptive radiation of psammophilous tenebrionids was more intense in the Middle Asian deserts than in those in the Plateau of Iran and invoked more profound morphological rearrangements. In the Turanian deserts, the processes of divergence affected both the comparatively weakly advanced and highly specialized psammophilous forms. The latter taxa include representatives of the endemic Turanian genera Ammozoum Sem. (four species), Diaphanidus Rtt. (six species), Dengitha Rtt. (three species) (Tentyriini), Sarothropus Kr. (three species) (Akidini), Argyrophana Sem. (four species), Platyesia Skop. (five species) (Fig. 8), Idiesa Rtt. (two species), Pisterotarsa Motsch. (four species) (Fig. 9) (Pimeliini), Tagona F.-W. (three species), Remipedella Sem. (two species) (Blaptini), Aphaleria Rtt. (two species) (Dissonomini) and the above-mentioned Turano-Iranian genera Alcinoeta , Habrobates and Earophanta . The Turanian genera Reitterella Sem. (Stenosini), Sternodes F.-W. (Fig. 7), Meladiesia Rtt., Urielina Rtt. (Pimeliini) and Weisea Sem. (Opatrini) consist of one species each.

Fig. 5. Blaps faustii Seidl., Repetek Nature Reserve.

Fig. 6. Habrobates vernalis Sem., Repetek Nature Reserve.

Fig. 7. Sternodes caspicus Pall., Repetek Nature Reserve.

Fig. 8. Platyesia sefirana Rtt., Repetek Nature Reserve.

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Fig. 9. Pisterotarsa gigantea F.-W., Badghyz.

Only a few genera are endemic to the sand deserts of the Plateau of Iran. They are Dietomorpha Khnelt, 1957 (D. pardalis Khnelt, 1957 = Kawiria szekessyi Kaszab, 1957, syn. n.; the Registan Desert and environments of the Nushki City in the adjacent territory of Pakistan), Kawiria Schuster, 1935 (K. gabrieli Schuster, 1935; Dasht-e-Kavir Desert), Argyradelpha gen. n., Waterhousia Skopin, 1973 = Heinrichesia Carl, 2000, syn. n. (W. longipes Waterhouse, 1889; Baluchistan; W. warei Skopin, 1973; northwestern Pakistan; W. schaeferi Carl, 2000; Sistan Province in Iran; W. lopatini sp. n.; Afganistan: Registan). Probably some genera of the tribe Erodiini described by Kaszab (1979) also belong to this group. Therefore, the desert faunas of Turan and the Plateau of Iran have been developing in considerable isolation from each other; many psammophilous Turanaian genera do not trespass TuranoKhorassan Mountains and Paropamisus in the south. The former connections between these faunas proceeded through the area now occupied by the Paropamisus highland which is most clearly evidenced by the presence of several genera, e. g., Alcinoeta, Habrobates, and Earophanta, both in Turan and the Plateau of Iran, and close affinity between the genera Argyrophana from Turan and Pseudopodhomala from Iranian deserts. Characteristic features of the structure of the elytra (the presence of the lateral carina) and legs (lobe-shaped outer apical angle of the fore tibia) manifests the affinity of the Turanian genera Meladiesia, Platyesia, Diesia and Idiesa to Argyradelpha gen. n., Argyrophana and Pseudopodhomala. The distribution range of the ancestral form of this group of genera included vast territory both north and south of the Turkmeno-Khorassan Mountains and Paropamisus which experienced intense uplift in the Neogene and the Quaternary time. Analysis of the taxonomic diversity of the psammophilous fauna of Middle and Central Asia and the Plateau of Iran should consider the history of the development of the landscape of these regions on the background of the progressive change of the climate in the Neogene and Quaternary time. Haloxylon associations similar to the recent ones, according to paleontological data, existed in Central Asia as long ago as in Pleistocene. This fact gives good grounds for an assumption that the rising of the well-defined psammophilous genera of tenebrionids proceeded in late Miocene and early Pliocene and was associated with elaboration of the morphological and physiological adaptations necessary for survival in the extreme conditions of the Irano-Turanian and Central Asian deserts. The morphological adaptations include the development of the armament of the outer surface of the fore tibia in the form of teeth or rigid spines for loosening substrate, and development of long setae on segments of the middle and hind tarsi for pushing the sand from the tunnel made by the digging beetle. These structures arise in different groups of tenebrionids in

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parallel, their details being dependent on the environment of particular taxa and, sometimes, populations, judging from a significant variation of certain structures within a species. The change of the climate in Middle and Central Asia in the Neogene from the subtropical to temperate, the development of the seasonality, and increasing of the inter-zonal temperature contrasts have resulted in the differentiation of the fauna of the arid regions of Asian part of the Palaearctic into two variants. Different preparedness of the taxa to the necessary physiological rearrangements probably played an important role in this process. The northern variant of the fauna is characterized by the presence of a well-defined core of the genera predominant in the entire area from the deserts of the Caspian Lowland to the Mongolian semi-deserts (Anatolica Eschsch., Scythis Schaum, Platyope F.-W., Penthicus Fald., Melanesthes Dej.). The boundary between the northern and southern variants is diffuse, yet representatives of the genera Mantichorula Rtt. typical of the Alashan Desert, and Trigonoscelis Sol. comprising many species in southern Turan, co-occur only in the south of the desert zone in Mongolia. The southern variant of the desert fauna in Central Asia is specified by the presence of the genera Ocnera F.-W., Cheirodes Gen (Anemia Laporte), Adesmia F.-W., Cyphogenia Sol., Pterocoma Dej., and a number of endemic genera of the tribe Platyopini (Apatopsis Sem., Habrochiton Sem., Homopsis Sem., Przewalskia Sem., and Mantichorula). The development of the tenebrionid fauna of the Plateau of Iran in the Neogene and Quaternary time was greatly favored by the rising of the peripheral mountain chains protecting the deserts of wet northwestern and cold northern air masses which facilitated the formation of the continental subtropical climate in the Plateau of Iran. The disjunctness of the sand deserts, poor precipitation and high temperature in the summer, and occasional invasions of the Arctic air masses in winter through the passes in the Turkmeno-Khorassan Mountains suppress the desert biome of the Plateau of Iran, hence its fauna is much poorer than that in the sand deserts of Turan. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW TAXA Holotypes and paratypes of the new species are deposited in the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg. Tribe Pimeliini Genus Argyradelpha G. Medvedev, gen. n. Type species A. lopatini sp. n. The new genus is closely related to the genus Argyrophana Sem. Both genera possess the following features testifying their close affinity in spite of a considerable geographical isolation of A. lopatini sp. n. from the species of Argyrophana: 1) entire body and legs covered with fine recumbent silver hairs; 2) 3rd segment of middle tarsus and 2nd segment of hind tarsus in lateral view trapeziform widening apically, with long setae along apical edge of the segments arranged in umbrella-shaped structure; 3) clypeus only slightly protruding beyond anterior angles of genae; 4) humeral and lateral carinae of elytra sharp, well developed. Although very similarly looking, Argyradelpha lopatini sp. n. and species of Argyrophana have noticeable distinctions in the structure of the pronotum, elytra, and legs suggesting their different levels of adaptation to a psammophilous habit. These distinctions are summarized in the table below.

On Connections of the Sand Desert Faunas of Tenebrionidae of Middle Asia


Genus Argyradelpha gen. n. 1. Sides of pronotum with sharp narrow margination angularly bent dorsally in basal half. 2. Sides of pronotum arcuately converging to base. 3. Second dorsal carina on elytra only slightly weaker than humeral carina. 4. Pronotum and elytral disc with sharp granules. 5. Base of scutellum relatively wide (Fig. 16). 6. Prosternal process angularly narrowed at apex. 7. Outer margin of fore tibia with narrow and long teeth in addition to setae. 8. Apical edge of hind tibia with wide plate at base of 1st tarsal segment (Fig. 13). 9. Ventral margin of 3rd segment of fore tarsus with 1 long seta (Fig. 12). 10. Apical margin of 5th segment of middle and hind tarsi narrowly concealing bases of claws. 11. Claws of middle and hind tarsi narrow but of a usual shape, i.e., evenly arcuately curved (Figs 14, 15). 12. Hind tarsus incurved. Distribution: Afghanistan, the Registan Desert. Genus Argyrophana Sem.

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1. Sides of pronotum smooth or with vestigial margination, in the latter case lateral margin straight. 2. Sides of pronotum subparallel in basal half. 3. Second dorsal carina on elytra ill-defined. 4. Pronotum and elytral disc with fine, occasionally indistinct granules. 5. Scutellum almost angularly narrowed at base (Fig. 22). 6. Prosternal process arcuate, rarely slightly angular at apex. 7. Outer margin of fore tibia armed only with setae and spines (Figs 17, 18). 8. Apical edge of hind tibia with narrow plate at base of 1st tarsal segment (Fig. 19). 9. Ventral margin of 3rd segment of fore tarsus with bunch of dense long setae forming an umbrellashaped structure. 10. Apical margin of 5th segment of middle and hind tarsi lobe-shaped produced over bases of claws. 11. Claws of middle and hind tarsi filiform, straight or slightly irregularly curved (Figs 20, 21). 12. Hind tarsus outcurved. Distribution: the Kara Kum and Kyzyl Kum Deserts.

Argyradelpha lopatini G. Medvedev, sp. n. (Figs 1016) Body matte, brownish, covered with short recumbent light hairs not concealing coloration of integument. Labrum completely exposed, with straight anterior margin, bearing long setae pointed forward. Submentum strongly transverse, separated from head capsule by distinct sutures. Mentum also strongly transverse, with arcuately convex sides and shallow median emargination; surface of mentum covered with semi-erect proclinate setae. Anterior margin of clypeus slightly protruding beyond apices of anterior angles of genae. Outer margins of genae weakly arcuate. Surface of head capsule weakly convex, lacking any traces of frontoclypeal suture, covered with short recumbent light hairs and fine sharp granules, more densely arranged in basal half of head. Antennae slender, with 23 apical segments extending beyond base of pronotum. Length/width ratio of 2nd11th antennal segments 10(9) : 64(9) : 29(10) : 20(10) : 20(10) : 20(10) : 16(10) : 16(12) :12(11) : 15(10). 911th segments sharply separated into glabrous basal part and densely covered with short light hairs apical (sensory) part. Sensory zone restricted only to apices of 9th and 10th segments and occupying apical half of 11th segment. 9th and 10th segments with long setae, those on 10th segment arranged in rosette. Pronotum transverse (width 1.711.85 times length), widest in middle where its width 1.501.56 that of head. Ratio of pronotum width at anterior margin, in middle, and at base 0.69 : 1.00 : 0.86.

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Base in middle part almost straight, in outer quarter gradually arcuately passing to lateral margins. Sides in anterior quarter straightly converging, in the rest part evenly arcuately prominent. Lateral margination fine, sharp, not visible dorsally in basal half. Anterior angles noticeably protruding forward, rectangular and sharp in perpendicular view; posterior angles widely obtuse-angular, sharp. Surface of pronotum strongly convex, rather strongly declivous to anterior margin, very strongly declivous to base and shortly flattened in middle part along basal margin. All of pronotal surface densely covered with granules, smaller and sharp in middle part of disc and larger, with apices

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Figs 1022. 1016, Argyradelpha lopatini gen. et sp. n., 1722, Argyrophana deserti Sem. 10, 17, fore tibia; 11, 18, apex of fore tibia; 12, fore tarsus, lateral view; 13, 19, plate on apical surface of hind tibia; 14, 20, hind tarsus, lateral view; 15, 21, middle tarsus, lateral view; 16, 22, scutellum. Scale: A, to Figs 10, 17; B, to Figs 1115, 1821; C, to Figs 16, 22.

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somewhat beveled medially, at sides. Distance between granules somewhat exceeding their diameter, on average. Vestiture of grey recumbent hairs dense but not obscuring coloration of integument. Propleura and prosternum clothed with grey hairs and fine granules; apical part of prosternum angular, straightly protruding backward or slightly beveled toward body. Elytra moderately elongate (length 1.451.54 times width), 1.571.68 times as wide as pronotum. Humeral and lateral carinae well developed. Granules forming humeral carina and short rough setae on latter clearly visible. Disc between humeral carinae slightly swollen. First dorsal carina slightly raised at base, then reduced to row of granules separated by slightly more than own diameter. Second dorsal carina raised along its entire length from base to beginning of apical declivity, thereafter split to row of densely arranged granules. Intervals between carinae sparsely finely granulate. Interval between outer margin of epipleura and outer carina with dense very fine granulation; epipleura narrow, glabrous. Abdominal sternites densely covered with gray recumbent hairs, with fine granules in between. Femora and middle and hind tibiae rather slender; length/width ratio of fore, middle, and hind femora 55(8) : 66(8) : 70(11), that of corresponding tibiae 37(11) : 55(10) : 77(10). Fore tibia (Figs 10, 11) wide; its outer margin armed with narrow but long teeth, inner margin with long setae. Outer apical angle of fore tibia strongly lobe-shaped produced. Apical spurs on fore tibia of subequal lengths, long, weakly curved; middle tibia with inner spur twice as long as outer one; spurs on hind tibia stronger than on fore and middle tibiae, inner spur 3 times as long as outer one. Outer surface of middle and hind tibiae (Figs 14, 15) also with long setae. Third segment of fore tarsus with one long seta at apex ventrally. Apical edge of claw-segment of middle and hind tarsi with dense row of setae concealing claws dorsally throughout their entire length, clawsegment of fore tarsus with shorter setae. Inner apical angle of 3rd segment of middle tarsus, and 2nd and 3rd segments of hind tarsus slightly attenuate distally; 3rd segment of middle tarsus and 2nd segment of hind tarsus in lateral view noticeably widened and bearing ventrally long umbrella-shaped arranged setae. Tarsal claws fine, weakly curved (Figs 14, 15). Body length 15.518.4, width, 8.49.4 mm. Holotype: Afghanistan, Registan, W of Spin-Boldak, 1100 m, 25.XI.1972 (O. N. Kabakov). Paratype: as holotype, but 28.XI.1972. Genus Waterhousia Skopin, 1973
Skopin, 1973: 109, 178. Heinrichesia Carl, 2000: 258, syn. n. Type species Trigonoscelis longipes Waterhouse, 1889, by original designation.

The genus Waterhousia is very closely related to Trigonoscelis Sol. comprising 10 or 11 species in the sand deserts and low mountains of Turan, two species in the sand deserts of Central Asia, and two, in the deserts of the Plateau of Iran (Fig. 39). Species of Waterhousia are confined to the subtropical sand deserts of middle zone of the Plateau of Iran from Sistan (Iran) to the Registan Desert (Afghanistan) and adjacent territories of Pakistan. Species of Trigonoscelis invaded the deserts of the Plateau of Iran upon achievement by this genus of a considerable level of morphological adaptations to inhabiting sand deserts in Middle Asia. This is manifested in the structure of legs in species of Trigonoscelis, with fore tibiae strongly expanded for raking the substrate, and segments of middle and hind tarsi densely covered with long setae forming a broom-like structure for pushing the sand out from the tunnel. These structures are effective also in the

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24 26 27

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23 Figs 2329. Waterhousia Skop. 2327, W. lopatini sp. n.: 23, apex of fore tibia; 24, 25, hind tibia, lateral view; 26, 27, ovipositor, dorsal and lateral views. 28, 29, W. longipes Waterh., hind tibia, lateral view. Scale: A, to Fig. 23; B, to Figs 2429.

loess, which promoted not only survival of species of Trigonoscelis during orogenetic processes in the territory of the Turano-Iranian region in the late Neogene, but also their expansion to the Plateau of Iran. This process had a limited distribution but has resulted in the closeness of the ranges of Trigonoscelis and Waterhousia; the latter genus has retained a more conservative habitat preference to deserts of the subtropical type. The features of the external structure most typical of Waterhousia (the presence of strong spines on the inner surface of hind tibia and finger-shaped process on the apex of fore tibia, strongly flattened middle and hind tibiae) are also present in Heinrichesia schaeferi. Waterhousia lopatini G. Medvedev, sp. n. Body large, black; 1st and 2nd segments of antennae, anterior margin of submentum and mouthparts reddish. Eyes large; their outer margin together with outer margin of temples gently roundly converging to neck constriction. Outer margins of genae in middle part straightly converging to base of

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clypeus. Anterior angles of clypeus slightly protruding anteriorly. Anterior part of labrum with large shallow punctures, posterior half smooth. Surface of head in anterior 2/3 flat, with sparse shallow punctures inconspicuous at border between frons and clypeus. Mentum with deep angular excision of anterior margin, its surface covered with large foveiform punctures. Antennae long, slender, with apices protruding beyond base of pronotum. Ratio of length(width) of 1st 6th antennal segments 30(20) : 14(14) : 119(15) : 70(15) : 55(15) : 50(15), i.e., 3rd segment 8 times as long as wide. Outer edge of 3rd segment of antennae bearing short coarse setae. Pronotum transverse, 1.521.61 (1.56 on average) times as wide as long, 1.361.44 times as wide as head (n = 5). Ratio of width of pronotum at anterior margin to that in middle and at base 0.81 : 1.00 : 0.92, on average. Anterior margin of pronotum widely arcuate, with sharply projecting anterior angles; base deeply arcuately emarginate in middle part, with wide margination along entire length; sides evenly arcuately convex, finely margined; margination of anterior edge of pronotum indistinct in middle. Disc of pronotum evenly convex, covered with well-defined medim-sized (ca. 0.15 mm diameter) granules each bearing short seta at apex. Granules separated by less than own diameter in centre of disc, sparser at sides, and absent along base and on sides at anterior margin. Propleura and sternite of prothorax sparsely covered with fine sharp granules. Prosternal process hastate, horizontally projecting behind fore coxae in lateral view. Elytra elongate-oval, 1.631.71 times as long as wide, 1.621.70 times as wide as pronotum (n = 5), widest in middle. Humeral edge of elytra rounded, apex attenuate in lateral view. Surface covered with granules coarser than those on pronotum; apices of granules flattened. Intervals between granules on disc somewhat less or noticeably greater than their diameter; granules on apical declivity smaller and sparser than on disc, sharp, not flattened apically. In no part of elytra granules arranged in longitudinal rows. Humeral row of granules ill-defined behind middle of elytra. Outer carina fine, not reaching elytral apex, formed by densely arranged, connate fine granules, distinctly separated by short intervals in apical part of elytra. Area between outer carina and outer margin of epipleura sparsely and evenly covered with small sharp granules. Granules on elytra bearing inconspicuous seta on apices. Exposed abdominal sternites in male densely covered with fine recumbent hairs; in addition, 1st and 2nd sternites densely finely punctate; punctation on 3rd and 4th sternites changing to fine rugosity, 5th sternite finely granulate. In female, visible sternites with sparse, uniformly spread finest granules on finely rugulose background. Legs long. Femora densely covered with fine shining flat granules; inner margin of fore and middle femora without sharp carinae along sides, hind femur with sharp carinae at apex only. Fore tibia regularly and strongly widening apically, 3.75 times as long as wide, with apical outer angle finger-shaped produced (Fig. 23) and outer margin armed with short spines. Middle and hind tibiae strongly compressed, almost lamelliform. Outer margin of these tibiae bearing long rufous setae. Hind tibia (Figs 24, 25) curved at apex, with coarse semi-erect spines on inner margin. Segments of middle and hind tarsi compressed, with long rufous setae on dorsal and ventral surfaces. Aedeagus (Figs 3032) with penis very large, exposed along considerable distance. Ventral surface of parameres deeply longitudinally depressed. Aedeagus length 3.6, width, 0.8 mm; parameres length 1.8, width, 0.7 mm (body length of the specimen 28 mm). Lobes of spiculum gastrale (Fig. 33) wide, densely covered with setae apically. Epiproct (Fig. 36) angularly narrowed at apex, the latter narrowly rounded. Apical margin of male VIII abdominal sternite (Fig. 35) deeply arcuately concave. Bottom of the aedeagal pouch with sclerotized areas (Fig. 34).

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34

30

31

37 33 38

36 35
1 mm

32 Figs 3038. Waterhousia Skop., male. 3036, W. lopatini sp. n.: 3032, aedeagus, dorsal, lateral, and ventral views; 33, spiculum gastrale, lateral view; 34, sclerotization of the bottom of aedeagal pouch; 35, VIII abdominal tergite; 36, epiproct; 37, 38, W. longipes Waterh.: 37, aedeagus, ventral view; 39, spiculum gastrale, lateral view.

Ovipositor as in Figs 26, 27. Body length 2728, width, 12.312.9 mm. Holotype: ,Afghanistan, Regestan [Registan], W of Spin-Boldak, 1100 m, 25.XI.1972 (O.N. Kabakov). Paratypes: 3 , as holotype; 1, as above, but 28.XI.1972. W. lopatini sp. n. is most closely related to W. longipes, differing from the latter in the wider and more strongly flattened hind tibia (Figs 24, 25, 28, 29) with less distinct spines on the inner margin and reddish 1st and 2nd antennal segments. The structure of the aedeagus (Figs 3032) is similar to that in W. longipes Waterh. (Fig. 37) and W. schaeferi Carl. The species is named for I. K. Lopatin in appreciation of his valuable contribution to the knowledge of the Coleoptera fauna of eremian regions of the Palaearctic.

On Connections of the Sand Desert Faunas of Tenebrionidae of Middle Asia


40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

313

60

40

50

30 1 40 2
A B

70

80

90

100

110

Fig. 39. Distribution of the genera Trigonoscelis Sol. (A) and Waterhousia Skop. (B). 1, 2, collection records of T. haykae Skop.

NEW SYNONYMY ESTABLISHED IN THIS PAPER Earophanta pilosissima Reitter, 1895 = E. loudoni Semenov, 1903, syn. n. The synonymy is based on examination of the holotype of E. loudoni from Uch-Adzhi, a long series from Repetek, a few specimens from the point of the Kara Kum Canal branching, and three specimens from Faryab Province (Afghanistan) identified by Z. Kaszab as E. pilosissima. Earophanta planidorsis Reitter, 1889 = E. autumnalis Semenov, 1903, syn. n. The holotype of E. autumnalis labeled Iolotan (Merw), X.99, K.O. Ahnger and Platyope autumnale Typ. Un. (?) m. A. Semenov det. in the Zoological Institute, St. Petersburg has been examined. Dietomorpha pardalis Khnelt, 1957 = Kawiria szekessyi Kaszab, 1957, syn. n. Describing Kawiria szekessyi Kasz. Kaszab (1957) thought that this species had no available name although its drawing had been published by Raymond (1938: fig. 7) with the name Dietomorpha pardalis Blair not provided with any description. Khnelt (1957) gave the first description of this species referring to it as Dietomorpha pardalis Blair i.l. and reported both generic and species characters, thus he is the author of the binomen Dietomorpha pardalis. As for the genus Kawiria Schuster, 1935, its sole representative, K. gabrieli Schuster, 1935, is known from Dasht-e-Kavir Desert in Iran and is absent from the fauna of Pakistan (Baluchistan); the occurrence of a spe-

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cies of this genus in Baluchistan is most unlikely. Two specimens of D. pardalis examined by me originate from the same series as the types; they are labeled Zool. Surv. India. Zangi Nawar, 20 mi. W of Nushki, Baluchistan, 2529.XII.18. Sta. 35, B. S., N. A. & S. K. and Brit. Mus. 73-38 (one specimen was identified by N. G. Skopin as Kawiria szekessyi Kasz.). Two specimens labeled Nushki Dist., Baluchistan, E. Vredenburg (one of them with label as in a paratype of Kawiria szekessyi) and 4 specimens collected by O. N. Kabakov in the Registan Desert on the 5th and 15th of March 1973 have also been examined. Waterhousia Skopin, 1973 = Heinrichesia Carl, 2000, syn. n. In addition to the 5 specimens of W. lopatini, I have examined 3 specimens of W. longipes, identified by N. G. Skopin and labeled 1) Nushki district, Baluchistan, E. Vredenburg, 2) Baluch., 6771/13, and 3) Baluch., 6660/13. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I greatly acknowledge donation of the specimens of the new species to the Zoological Institute by O. N. Kabakov (St. Petersburg). The study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, grant No. 01-04-49641 and by the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences Program Scientific Backgrounds of the Preservation of the Biodiversity in Russia. LITERATURE CITED
Carl, M. 2000. Beschreibung von Heinrichesia schaeferi gen. et sp. n. aus Sistan (Iran) (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae). Entomofauna 21(22): 257264. Kaszab, Z. 1957. Zehn neue Tenebrioniden aus Asien (Coleoptera). Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 8: 289299. Kaszab, Z. 1979. Revision der asiatischen Arthrodosis-artigen Erodiini (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae). Acta Zoologica Hungarica 25(12): 69119. Khnelt, W. 1957. Ergebnisse der sterreichischen Iran-Expedition 1949/50. Sitzungberichte sterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Abteilung I 166(2): 5102. Medvedev, G. S. 1988. A review of the tenebrionid genus Alcinoeta Strand (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae). Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 67(4): 798802. Reitter, E. 1895. Zwlfter Beitrag zur Coleopteren-Fauna des russischen Reiches. Wiener Entomologische Zeitung: 149162. Schuster, A. 1935. Die Tenebrioniden-Ausbeute Dr. Gabriels in Persien. Koleopterologische Rundschau 21(1/2): 2029. Semenov, A. 1903. Coleoptera nova faunae turanicae. Russkoe Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 1: 813. Skopin, N. G. 1973. Revision der Tenebrioniden-Gattungsgruppe TrigonoscelisSternoplax (Coleoptera). Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey: 104185. Waterhouse, C. O. 1889. On the zoology of the Afghan Delimitation Commission. Coleoptera. Transactions of the Linnean Society, London 5: 122131.

PENSOFT Publishers A Checklist Sofia Moscow

Konstantinov, Tishechkin, Penev (eds.) 2005 of Haliplidae, Noteridae, Dytiscidae, Contributions Gyrinidae, Hydraenidae 315 to Systematics and Biology of Beetles Papers Celebrating the 80th Birthday of Igor Konstantinovich Lopatin, pp. 315-326

A Checklist of Haliplidae, Noteridae, Dytiscidae, Gyrinidae, Hydraenidae, Helophoridae, Georissidae, Hydrochidae, Spercheidae, Hydrophilidae, Elmidae, Dryopidae & Limnichidae (Coleoptera) of Belarusian Fauna
S. K. Ryndevich
Pedagogical Faculty, Baranovichy State University, Voykova st. 21, Baranovichy, 225404 Belarus

ABSTRACT
The checklist of aquatic beetles of Belarus is given with information on distribution in different regions of the country. Rhantus fennicus Huldnis is reported for the first time for Belorussian fauna. Seven species are excluded from the list of the species because their records were based on erroneous identifications and mislabeling.

KEY WORDS
Coleoptera, aquatic, beetles, check list, fauna, Belarus.

INTRODUCTION The studies of fauna of water beetles of the Republic of Belarus began in late XIXth and early XXth century (Arnold 1902, Kinel 1939-1948, Lindemann 1871, Mazurowa and Mazur 1939, Radkevich 1940, Jacobson 1905-1915). This laid a foundation for further studies which were conducted since late 1970s and 1980s, but the results were published a decade later (Besyadka and Moroz 1994, Moroz 1993, 1995, 1999, Moroz, Giginyak, Golubev and Mukhin 1999, Moroz and Maksimenkov 2001, Moroz and Ryndevich 1999, 2000a, 2000b, Ryndevich 1991, 1992, 1994a, 1994b, 1995, 1998, 1999a, 1999b, 1999c, 1999d, 1999e, 2000a, 2000b, 2001a, 2001b, 2001c, 2001d, 2004, Ryndevich and Moroz 2000, Ryndevich and Shatrovskiy 1995, Ryndevich and Tsinkevich 2004, Shaverdo 1995, 1997, 1998, 2000, Solodovnikov 1999, Zaharenko and Moroz 1988). Current paper combines both published data and the results of the authors many years of collecting and research. All species of Haliplidae, Noteridae, Dytiscidae, Gyrinidae, Helophoridae, Hydrochidae, Spercheidae, Hydraenidae, Elmidae, Dryopidae, and the majority of Hydrophilidae are aquatic beetles which inhabit different kinds of aquatic habitats. Species of the Limnichidae, Georissidae, and some species of Cercyon (Hydrophilidae) live on the water-edge, in alluvia, which consist of sand, decomposing aquatic plants, and other organic remains. Some Belorussian species of Hydrophilidae are not hydrobionts (genera Sphaeridium, Megasternum, Cryptopleurum, and the majority of Cercyon

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species). They live in dung and other organic remains. Although these species are not aquatic, they are listed here to achieve completeness of information on the entire family Hydrophilidae. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE REGION UNDER CONSIDERATION Belarus occupies the territory of 207 600 km2 and includes 6 regions: Vitebsk (VT), Grodno (GN), Minsk (MN), Mogilev (ML), Brest (BT), and Gomel regions (GL) (Fig. 1). The plains are a prevailing type of relief which together with places of low elevations accounts for 3/4 of the territory. Belarussian climate is temperate continental with the annual sum of atmospheric precipitation, depending on relief, from 500-600 mm for low places to 600-700 mm for plains and places of higher elevation. Belarus has 20 800 rivers and streams, more than 10 000 lakes and old river-beds, and more than 100 storage reservoirs. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION At present the fauna of these families of beetles of Belarus includes 262 species (Haliplidae 18, Noteridae 2, Dytiscidae 120, Gyrinidae 9, Helophoridae 18, Georissidae 1, Hydrochidae 6, Spercheidae 1, Hydrophilidae 55, Hydraenidae 15, Elmidae 9, Dryopidae 5, Limnichidae 3). Rhantus fennicus Huldnis is reported for the first time for Belarussian fauna

Vitebsk

Grodno

Minsk

Mogilev

Brest

Gomel

Fig.1. Regions of Belarus

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317

(pers. comm. Dr P. P. Petrov). Seven species are excluded from the fauna of Belarus, because their records were based on erroneous identification. These species are listed below: Haliplus apicalis Thomson (Shaverdo 1997) = H. confinis Stephens (pers. comm. E. V. Shaverdo), Gyrinus distinctus Aub (Solodovnikov 1999) = G. natator (Linnaeus), Gyrinus opacus Sahlberg (Lindemann 1871; Alexandrovich et al. 1996) = ?G. aeratus Stephens, Anacaena globulus (Paykull) (Alexandrovich et al. 1996) = A. lutescens (Stephens), Enochrus fuscipennis (Thomson) (Solodovnikov 1999) = E. quadripunctatus (Herbst) Hydrophilus piceus (L.) (Radkevich 1940) = H. aterrimus Eschscholtz Helochares lividus (Forster) (Lindemann 1871; Arnold 1902; Radkevich 1940; Alexandrovich et al. 1996) = H. obscurus (Mller), Agabus arcticus (Paykull), which was recorded for the National Park Belovezhskaya Pushcha (Shaverdo 2000), should be excluded from the list, too. This northern species inhabits boreal and alpine zones of mountains and tundra of Europe, Siberia, and Canada, and therefore its presence in Southern Belarus is hardly possible. I studied a specimen of this species (former materials of Belarussian State Pedagogical University, Minsk) from the National Park Belovezhskaya Pushcha (label: Bel. Pushcha, Pravaya Lesnaya, 23.4.1986, leg. R.A.I. [Rubchenya A. I.]). This specimen is correctly identified, but unfortunately mislabeled. According to a collector (A. I. Rubchenya, pers. comm.) these specimens were collected in Kolskiy Peninsula (northern Russia) in 1986, but somehow mislabeled. The check-list of the species of the aquatic beetles with the species distribution in different regions of Belarus is given below. The genera, subgenera and species are placed in the alphabetical order. Checklist of species of families Haliplidae, Noteridae, Dytiscidae, Gyrinidae, Hydraenidae, Helophoridae, Georissidae, Hydrochidae, Spercheidae, Hydrophilidae, Elmidae, Dryopidae & Limnichidae of Belarus
Family Haliplidae 1. Brychius elevatus (Panzer, 1793) VT MN BT 2. Haliplus (Haliplidius) confinis Stephens, 1828 VT GN MN ML BT GL 3. Haliplus (Haliplidius) obliquus (Fabricius, 1787) VT MN BT 4. Haliplus (Haliplidius) varius Nicolai, 1822 VT 5. Haliplus (Haliplus) fluviatilis Aub, 1836 VT GN MN BT GL 6. Haliplus (Haliplus) fulvicollis Erichson, 1837 VT MN BT GL 7. Haliplus (Haliplus) furcatus Seidlitz, 1887 VT BT 8. Haliplus (Haliplus) heydeni Wehncke, 1875 VT BT 9. Haliplus (Haliplus) immaculatus Gerhardt, 1877 VT GN MN ML BT GL 10. Haliplus (Haliplus) lineolatus Mannerheim, 1844 VT MN GL 11. Haliplus (Haliplus) ruficollis (DeGeer, 1774) VT GN MN ML BT GL 12. Haliplus (Haliplus) sibiricus Motschulsky, 1860 VT GN MN ML BT GL 13. Haliplus (Liaphlus) flavicollis Sturm, 1834 VT GN MN BT GL 14. Haliplus (Liaphlus) fulvus (Fabricius, 1801) VT MN BT GL 15. Haliplus (Liaphlus) laminatus (Schaller , 1783) GL 16. Haliplus (Liaphlus) variegatus Sturm, 1834 VT GN MN ML BT GL

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Haliplus (Neohaliplus) lineatocollis (Marsham, 1802) VT GN MN BT Peltodytes caesus (Duftschmid, 1805) VT GN MN ML BT GL

Family Noteridae 19. Noterus clavicornis (DeGeer, 1774) VT GN MN ML BT GL 20. Noterus crassicornis (Mller, 1776) VT GN MN ML BT GL Family Dytiscidae 21. Acilius canaliculatus (Nicolai, 1822) VT MN ML GL 22. Acilius sulcatus (Linnaeus, 1758) VT GN MN ML BT GL 23. Agabus (Acatodes) clypealis (Thomson, 1867) VT BT GL 24. Agabus (Acatodes) congener (Thunberg, 1794) VT GN MN ML BT GL 25. Agabus (Acatodes) fuscipennis (Paykull, 1798) VT GN MN ML BT GL 26. Agabus (Acatodes) pseudoclypealis Scholtz, 1933 VT 27. Agabus (Acatodes) sturmii (Gyllenhal, 1808) VT MN ML BT GL 28. Agabus (Agabus) bifarius (Kirby, 1837) BT GL 29. Agabus (Agabus) labiatus (Brahm, 1791) MN ML GL 30. Agabus (Agabus) uliginosus (Linnaeus, 1761) VT MN ML BT GL 31. Agabus (Agabus) undulatus (Schrank, 1776) VT GN MN ML BT GL 32. Agabus (Gaurodytes) affinis (Paykull, 1798) VT GL 33. Agabus (Gaurodytes) biguttatus (Olivier, 1795) BT 34. Agabus (Gaurodytes) biguttulus (Thomson, 1867) VT MN BT GL 35. Agabus (Gaurodytes) bipustulatus (Linnaeus, 1767) VT GN MN ML BT GL 36. Agabus (Gaurodytes) didymus (Olivier, 1795) GN MN 37. Agabus (Gaurodytes) guttatus (Paykull, 1798) VT MN ML 38. Agabus (Gaurodytes) melanarius Aub , 1837 MN 39. Agabus (Gaurodytes) paludosus (Fabricius, 1801) GN MN 40. Agabus (Gaurodytes) striolatus (Gyllenhal, 1808) VT GN GL 41. Agabus (Gaurodytes) unguicularis (Thomson, 1867) VT MN BT 42. Bidessus grossepunctatus Vorbringer, 1907 VT BT 43. Bidessus unistriatus (Goeze, 1777) VT MN BT 44. Colymbetes fuscus (Linnaeus, 1758) VT GN MN ML BT GL 45. Colymbetes paykulli Erichson, 1837 VT GN MN ML BT GL 46. Colymbetes striatus (Linnaeus, 1758) VT GN MN ML BT GL 47. Copelatus haemorrhoidalis (Fabricius, 1787) VT GN MN ML BT GL 48. Cybister lateralimarginalis (DeGeer, 1774) VT GN MN ML BT GL 49. Deronectes latus (Stephens, 1829) VT MN BT 50. Dytiscus latissimus Linnaeus, 1758 VT MN ML BT 51. Dytiscus circumcinctus Ahrens, 1811 VT GN MN ML BT GL 52. Dytiscus circumflexus Fabricius, 1801 VT MN ML BT GL 53. Dytiscus dimidiatus Bergstrsser, 1778 VT GN MN ML BT GL 54. Dytiscus lapponicus Gyllenhal, 1808 VT GL 55. Dytiscus marginalis Linnaeus, 1758 VT GN MN ML BT GL 56. Graphoderes austriacus (Sturm, 1834) VT GN MN ML BT GL 57. Graphoderes bilineatus (DeGeer, 1774) VT MN ML BT GL

A Checklist of Haliplidae, Noteridae, Dytiscidae, Gyrinidae, Hydraenidae


58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101. 102. Graphoderes cinereus (Linnaeus, 1758) VT GN MN ML BT GL Graphoderes zonatus zonatus (Hoppe, 1795) VT GN MN ML BT GL Graptodytes bilineatus (Sturm, 1835) MN ML BT GL Graptodytes granularis (Linnaeus, 1767) VT MN BT GL Graptodytes pictus (Fabricius, 1787) VT ML BT GL Hydaticus aruspex Clark, 1864 BT GL Hydaticus continentalis Balfour-Browne, 1944 VT GN MN ML BT GL Hydaticus seminiger (DeGeer, 1774) VT GN MN ML BT GL Hydaticus transversalis (Pontoppidan, 1763) VT GN MN ML BT GL Hydroglyphus geminus (Fabricius, 1792) VT GN MN ML BT GL Hydroglyphus hamulatus (Gyllenhal, 1813) GN Hydroporus angustatus Sturm, 1835 VT GN MN ML BT GL Hydroporus brevis Sahlberg, 1834 VT MN Hydroporus discretus Faimaire & Brisout , 1859 VT MN Hydroporus erythrocephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) VT GN MN ML BT GL Hydroporus fuscipennis Schaum, 1868 VT GN MN ML BT GL Hydroporus glabriusculus Aub,1838 VT BT Hydroporus gyllenhalii Schidte, 1841 MN Hydroporus incognitus Sharp, 1869 VT GN MN ML BT GL Hydroporus memnonius Nicolai, 1822 VT MN Hydroporus morio Aub, 1838 VT Hydroporus nigellus Mannerheim, 1853 MN Hydroporus nigrita (Fabricius, 1792) VT MN Hydroporus notatus Sturm, 1835 VT ML BT Hydroporus obscurus Sturm, 1835 VT MN BT GL Hydroporus palustris (Linnaeus, 1761) VT GN MN ML BT GL Hydroporus planus (Fabricius, 1781) VT MN ML BT GL Hydroporus rufifrons (Mller, 1776) VT MN BT GL Hydroporus scalesianus Stephens, 1828 VT GN BT GL Hydroporus striola (Gyllenhal, 1826)VT GN MN ML BT GL Hydroporus tristis (Paykull, 1798) VT GN MN ML BT GL Hydroporus umbrosus (Gyllenhal, 1808) VT GN MN ML BT GL Hydroporus elongatulus Sturm, 1835 VT GN MN BT Hydroporus longicornis Sharp, 1871 VT Hydroporus melanarius Sturm, 1835 VT BT Hydroporus neglectus Schaum, 1845 VT MN BT GL Hygrotus (Coelambus) confluens (Fabricius, 1787) ML Hygrotus (Coelambus) impressopunctatus (Schaller, 1783) VT BT GL Hygrotus (Coelambus) marklini (Gyllenhal, 1813) VT MN Hygrotus (Coelambus) nigrolineatus (Steven, 1808) VT MN Hygrotus (Coelambus) parallellogrammus (Ahrens, 1812) GL Hygrotus (Coelambus) polonicus (Aub , 1842) VT GN MN ML BT GL Hygrotus (Hygrotus) decoratus (Gyllenhal, 1810) VT GN MN ML BT GL Hygrotus (Hygrotus) inaequalis (Fabricius, 1777) VT GN MN ML BT GL Hygrotus (Hygrotus) quinquelineatus (Zetterstedt, 1828) VT GN GL

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103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 113. 114. 115. 116. 117. 118. 119. 120. 121. 122. 123. 124. 125. 126. 127. 128. 129. 130. 131. 132. 133. 134. 135. 136. 137. 138. 139. 140.

S. K. Ryndevich
Hygrotus (Hygrotus) versicolor (Schaller, 1783) VT GN MN ML BT GL Hyphydrus ovatus (Linnaeus, 1761) VT GN MN ML BT GL Ilybius aenescens Thomson, 1870 VT MN BT GL Ilybius angustior (Gyllenhal, 1808) VT MN GL Ilybius ater (DeGeer, 1774) VT GN MN ML BT GL Ilybius chalconatus (Panzer, 1796) VT GN Ilybius erichsoni (Gemminger & Harold, 1868) VT GN MN ML BT Ilybius fenestratus (Fabricius, 1781) VT GN MN ML BT GL Ilybius fuliginosus (Fabricius, 1792) VT GN MN ML BT GL Ilybius guttiger (Gyllenhal, 1808) VT GN MN ML BT GL Ilybius neglectus (Erichson, 1837) VT ML BT GL Ilybius quadriguttatus (Lacordaire, 1835) VT GN MN BT GL Ilybius similis Thomson, 1856 VT GN MN BT GL Ilybius subaeneus Erichson, 1837 VT GN MN ML BT GL Ilybius subtilis (Erichson, 1837) VT GN MN ML BT GL Ilybius wasastjernae (Sahlberg, 1824) VT MN Laccophilus hyalinus (DeGeer, 1774) VT GN MN ML BT GL Laccophilus minutus (Linnaeus, 1758) VT MN Laccophilus poecilus Klug, 1834 VT BT Laccornis oblongus (Stephens, 1835) VT GN MN ML BT GL Nebrioporus assimilis (Paykull, 1798) VT GN MN Nebrioporus depressus (Fabricius, 1775) VT MN ML BT GL Oreodytes sanmarkii (Sahlberg, 1826) MN Platambus maculatus (Linnaeus, 1758) VT GN MN ML BT GL Porhydrus lineatus (Fabricius, 1775) VT GN MN ML BT GL Porhydrus obliquesignatus (Bielz, 1852) MN Rhantus (Nartus) grapii (Gyllenhal, 1808) VT MN BT GL Rhantus (Rhantus) bistriatus (Bergstrsser, 1778) VT GN MN ML BT GL Rhantus (Rhantus) exsoletus (Forster, 1771) VT GN MN ML BT GL Rhantus (Rhantus) fennicus Huldn, 1982 ML Rhantus (Rhantus) frontalis (Marsham, 1802) VT GN MN ML BT GL Rhantus (Rhantus) incognitus Scholz, 1927 GN BT Rhantus (Rhantus) latitans Sharp, 1882 VT GN MN ML BT GL Rhantus (Rhantus) notaticollis (Aub, 1837) VT GN MN BT GL Rhantus (Rhantus) suturalis (MacLeay, 1825) VT GN MN ML BT GL Rhantus (Rhantus) suturellus (Harris, 1828) VT MN BT GL Scarodytes halensis (Fabricius, 1787) VT GN MN BT GL Suphrodytes dorsalis (Fabricius, 1787) VT GN MN ML BT GL

Family Gyrinidae 141. Gyrinus (Gyrinulus) minutus Fabricius, 1798 VT GN MN ML BT GL 142. Gyrinus (Gyrinus) aeratus Stephens, 1835 VT GN MN ML BT GL 143. Gyrinus (Gyrinus) colymbus Erichson, 1837 ML 144. Gyrinus (Gyrinus) marinus Gyllenhal, 1808 VT GN MN ML BT GL 145. Gyrinus (Gyrinus) natator (Linnaeus, 1758) VT GN MN ML BT GL

A Checklist of Haliplidae, Noteridae, Dytiscidae, Gyrinidae, Hydraenidae


146. 147. 148. 149. Gyrinus (Gyrinus) paykulli Ochs, 1927 VT MN BT GL Gyrinus (Gyrinus) substriatus Stephens, 1828 VT GN MN ML BT GL Gyrinus (Gyrinus) suffriani Scriba, 1855 VT ML GM Orectochilus villosus Mller, 1776 VT MN ML BT

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Family Helophoridae 150. Helophorus (Empleurus) nubilus Fabricius, 1777 VT MN BT 151. Helophorus (Helophorus) aquaticus (Linnaeus, 1758) VT GN MN ML BT GL 152. Helophorus (Helophorus) grandis Illiger, 1798 VT MN ML GL 153. Helophorus (Kyphohelophorus) tuberculatus Gyllenhal, 1808 VT BT 154. Helophorus (Rhopalhelophorus) arvernicus Mulsant,1846 MN 155. Helophorus (Rhopalhelophorus) brevipalpis Bedel, 1881 VT MN BT GL 156. Helophorus (Rhopalhelophorus) croaticus Kuwert, 1886 MN 157. Helophorus (Rhopalhelophorus) discrepans Rey, 1885 VT MN BT GL 158. Helophorus (Rhopalhelophorus) flavipes Fabricius, 1792 VT GN MN ML BT GL 159. Helophorus (Rhopalhelophorus) granularis (Linnaeus, 1761) VT GN MN ML BT GL 160. Helophorus (Rhopalhelophorus) griseus Herbst, 1793 VT GN MN ML BT GL 161. Helophorus (Rhopalhelophorus) lapponicus Thomson, 1853 MN BT GL 162. Helophorus (Rhopalhelophorus) laticollis Thomson, 1853 VT BT 163. Helophorus (Rhopalhelophorus) minutus Fabricius, 1775 VT MN BT GL 164. Helophorus (Rhopalhelophorus) nanus Sturm, 1836 VT GN MN ML BT GL 165. Helophorus (Rhopalhelophorus) paraminutus Angus, 1986 VT MN GL 166. Helophorus (Rhopalhelophorus) redtenbacheri Kuwert, 1885 MN 167. Helophorus (Rhopalhelophorus) strigifrons Thomson, 1868 VT GN MN GL Family Georissidae 168. Georissus crenulatus (Rossi, 1794) VT MN GL Family Hydrochidae 169. Hydrochus brevis (Herbst, 1793) VT GN MN ML BT GL 170. Hydrochus crenatus (Fabricius, 1792) VT GN MN ML BT GL 171. Hydrochus elongatus (Schaller, 1783) VT MN ML BT GL 172. Hydrochus ignicollis Motschulsky, 1860 VT ML GL 173. Hydrochus kirgisicus Motschulsky, 1860 VT MN BT 174. Hydrochus megaphallus Berge Henegouwen, 1988 VT Family Spercheidae 175. Spercheus emarginatus (Schaller, 1783) VT MN BT GL Family Hydrophilidae 176. Anacaena limbata (Fabricius, 1792) VT MN BT 177. Anacaena lutescens (Stephens, 1829) VT GN MN ML BT GL 178. Berosus (Berosus) luridus (Linnaeus, 1761) VT GN MN ML BT GL 179. Berosus (Berosus) signaticollis (Charpentier, 1825) VT MN ML BT GL 180. Berosus (Enoplurus) bispina Reiche & Saulcy, 1856 MN

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181. 182. 183. 184. 185. 186. 187. 188. 189. 190. 191. 192. 193. 194. 195. 196. 197. 198. 199. 200. 201. 202. 203. 204. 205. 206. 207. 208. 209. 210. 211. 212. 213. 214. 215. 216. 217. 218. 219. 220. 221. 222. 223. 224. 225.

S. K. Ryndevich
Berosus (Enoplurus) spinosus (Steven, 1808) MN Cercyon (Cercyon) bifenestratus Kster, 1851 VT GN MN ML BT GL Cercyon (Cercyon) convexiusculus Stephens, 1829 VT GN MN ML BT GL Cercyon (Cercyon) granarius Erichson, 1837 VT BT Cercyon (Cercyon) haemorrhoidalis (Fabricius, 1775) VT GN MN ML BT GL Cercyon (Cercyon) impressus (Sturm, 1807) VT GN MN BT GL Cercyon (Cercyon) lateralis (Marsham, 1802) VT GN MN ML BT GL Cercyon (Cercyon) marinus Thomson, 1853 VT GN MN ML BT GL Cercyon (Cercyon) melanocephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) VT MN ML BT GL Cercyon (Cercyon) nigriceps (Marsham, 1802) BT GL Cercyon (Cercyon) obsoletus (Gyllenhal, 1808) VT GN MN Cercyon (Cercyon) pygmaeus (Illiger, 1801) VT GN MN ML BT GL Cercyon (Cercyon) quisquilius (Linnaeus, 1761) VT GN MN ML BT GL Cercyon (Cercyon) sternalis (Sharp, 1918) VT GL Cercyon (Cercyon) subsulcatus Rey, 1885 VT Cercyon (Cercyon) terminatus (Marsham, 1802) VT GL Cercyon (Cercyon) tristis (Illiger, 1801) VT MN BT GL Cercyon (Cercyon) unipunctatus (Linnaeus, 1758) VT GN MN ML BT GL Cercyon (Dicyrtocercyon) ustulatus (Preyssler, 1790) VT MN ML BT GL Cercyon (Paracercyon) analis (Paykull, 1798) VT GN MN ML BT GL Cercyon (Paracycreon) laminatus Sharp, 1873 VT MN BT GL Chaetarthria seminulum (Herbst, 1797) VT MN ML BT GL Coelostoma orbiculare (Fabricius, 1775) VT GN MN ML BT GL Cryptopleurum crenatum (Kugelann, 1794) Cryptopleurum minutum (Fabricius, 1775) VT GN MN ML BT GL Cryptopleurum subtile Sharp, 1844 Cymbiodyta marginella (Fabricius, 1792) VT MN ML BT GL Enochrus (Enochrus) melanocephalus (Olivier, 1792) VT MN ML GL Enochrus (Lumetus) bicolor (Fabricius, 1792) MN Enochrus (Lumetus) ochropterus (Marsham, 1802) VT MN BT GL Enochrus (Lumetus) quadripunctatus (Herbst, 1797) VT GN MN ML BT GL Enochrus (Lumetus) testaceus (Fabricius, 1801) VT MN ML BT GL Enochrus (Methydrus) affinis (Thunberg, 1794) VT GN MN ML BT GL Enochrus (Methydrus) coarctatus (Gredler, 1863) VT GN MN ML BT GL Helochares obscurus (Mller, 1776) VT GN MN ML BT GL Helochares punctatus Sharp, 1869 GN MN BT GL Hydrobius fuscipes (Linnaeus, 1758) VT GN MN ML BT GL Hydrochara caraboides (Linnaeus, 1758) VT GN MN ML BT GL Hydrophilus aterrimus Eschscholtz , 1822 VT GN MN ML BT GL Laccobius (Dimorpholaccobius) bipunctatus (Fabricius, 1775) VT GN MN BT GL Laccobius (Dimorpholaccobius) sinuatus Motschulsky, 1849 VT MN BT Laccobius (Dimorpholaccobius) striatulus (Fabricius, 1801) VT MN ML BT GL Laccobius (Laccobius) colon (Stephens, 1829) VT MN ML BT GL Laccobius (Laccobius) minutus (Linnaeus, 1758) VT GN MN BT GL Limnoxeus niger (Gmelin, 1790) GL

A Checklist of Haliplidae, Noteridae, Dytiscidae, Gyrinidae, Hydraenidae


226. 227. 228. 229. 230. Megasternum concinum (Marsham, 1802) VT GN MN ML BT GL Sphaeridium bipustulatum Fabricius, 1781 VT GN MN ML BT GL Sphaeridium lunatum Fabricius, 1792 VT MN ML BT GL Sphaeridium marginatum Fabricius, 1787 VT MN BT Sphaeridium scarabaeoides (Linnaeus, 1758) VT GN MN ML BT GL

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Family Hydraenidae 231. Hydraena pulchella Germar, 1824 VT 232. Hydraena reyi Kuwert, 1888 VT MN 233. Hydraena belgica dOrchymont, 1930 VT MN 234. Hydraena britteni Joy, 1907 VT 235. Hydraena gracilis Germar, 1824 VT MN 236. Hydraena palustris Erichson, 1837 VT MN BT 237. Hydraena riparia Kugelann, 1794 VT GN MN ML BT GL 238. Limnebius papposus Mulsant, 1844 BT 239. Limnebius parvulus (Herbst, 1797) VT GN MN ML BT GL 240. Limnebius truncatellus (Thunberg, 1794) VT GN MN ML BT GL 241. Limnebius aluta Bedel, 1881 VT GL 242. Limnebius atomus (Duftschmid, 1805) BT GL 243. Limnebius crinifer Rey, 1885 VT MN BT 244. Limnebius nitidus (Marsham, 1802) VT BT 245. Ochthebius minimus (Fabricius, 1792) VT GN MN ML BT GL Family Elmidae 246. Elmis maugetii Latreille, 1802 VT 247. Limnius muelleri (Erichson, 1847) VT 248. Limnius volckmari (Panzer, 1793) VT 249. Macronychus quadrituberculatus (Mller, 1806) VT GN MN 250. Normandia nitens (Mller, 1817) VT 251. Oulimnius troglodytes (Gyllenhal, 1827) VT 252. Oulimnius tuberculatus (Mller, 1806) VT MN GL 253. Potamophilus acuminatus (Fabricius, 1792) VT BT 254. Riolus cupreus (Mller, 1806) VT Family Dryopidae 255. Dryops auriculatus (Geoffroy, 1785) VT GN MN ML BT GL 256. Dryops ernesti Gozis, 1886 VT 257. Dryops griseus (Erichson, 1847) VT GN MN ML BT GL 258. Dryops luridus (Erichson, 1847) VT GN MN ML BT GL 259. Dryops nitidulus (Heer, 1841) ML Family Limnichidae 260. Limnichus incanus Kiesenwetter, 1821 VT MN ML 261. Limnichus sericeus (Duftschmid, 1825) VT GN MN ML BT GL 262. Pelochares versicolor (Waltl, 1838) VT MN ML

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am very grateful to my scientific advisor Prof. Dr. habil. I. K. Lopatin (Belarus State University, Minsk) for help in my work and Dr. P. P. Petrov (Moscow State University) for information on Rhantus fennicus. Dr. E. Shaverdo provided information on Haliplus apicalis. I also thank an anonymous reviewer for valuable comments and suggestions on the earlier draft of this manuscript. LITERATURE CITED
Alexandrovich, O. R., I. K. Lopatin, A. D. Pisanenko, V. A. Tsinkevich and S. M. Snitko. 1996. Catalogue of the Coleoptera (Insecta) of Belarus. Minsk. Foundation for Fundamental Research 104 pp. Arnold, N. M. 1902. Katalog nasekomykh Mogilevskoy gubernii. St.-Petersburg 150 pp. (in Russian). Besyadka, E. and M. D. Moroz. 1994. Vodnye zhestkokrylye (Coleoptera, Adephaga) Polesskogo Radiatsionno-ekologicheskogo zapovednika, pp. 61-63. In: Pikulik M. M. (ed.), Tezisy VII zoologicheskoy konferentsyi. Minsk, 350 pp. (in Russian). Jacobson, G. G. 1905-1915. Zhuki Rossii i Zapadnoy Evropy. St.-Petersburg, Izdanie Devriena 1024 pp. (in Russian). Kinel, J. 1939-1948. Hydradephaga Polskoi i sasednich krain. Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne 18 (2-4): 337-407. Lindeman, K. E. 1871. Obzor geograficheskogo rasprostraneniya zhukov v Rossiyskoy imperii. Vvedenie, predislovie. Severnaya, Moskovskaya i Turanskaya provintsii. Trudy Russkogo entomologicheskogo obshchestva. Ch. 6 (1): 41-366. (in Russian). Mazurowa, G. and E. Mazur. 1939. Sprawozdanie z wicieczki koleopterologicznej do wojewodstwa Wilenskiego w lipeu 1937. Przuczunek do znajomosci fauny polnocnej Polski. Sprowozdanie Kommisji Fizjograficznej PAU 72: 463-476. Moroz, M. D. 1993. Ekologo-zoogeograficheskaya kharakteristika vodnykh zhestkokrylykh (Coleoptera, Adephaga) meliorativnykh kanalov Belorussii. Entomologicheskoye obozrenie 72 (2): 321-325 (in Russian). Moroz, M. D. 1995. Water beetles (Adephaga) of the Berezinsky Biosphere Reserve. Latissimus 5: 3-4. Moroz, M. D. 1999. Vodnye zhestkokrylye (Coleoptera) rodnikov Belarusi, pp 243-245. In: Pikulik M. M. (ed.), Strukturno-funktsionalnoe sostoyanie biologicheskogo raznoobrazia zhivotnogo mira Belarusi. Tezisy dokladov VIII zoologicheskoy konferentsii. Minsk 436 pp. (in Russian). Moroz, M. D., Yu. G. Giginyak, A. P. Golubev and Yu. F. Mukhin. 1999. Fauna rodnikov kak sostavlyayushchaya chast bioraznoobraziya vodoemov belorusskogo Poozerya, pp. 35-37. In: Pikulik M. M. (ed.), Problemy landshaftnoy ekologii zhivotnykh i sokhraneniya bioraznoobraziya. Materialy nauchnoprakticheskoy konferentsii. Minsk 104 pp. (in Russian). Moroz, M. D. and M. V. Maksimenkov. 2001. Predvaritelnye issledovaniya vodnykh zhestkokrylykh (Insecta: Coleoptera) landshaftnogo zakaznika Zvanetz, pp. 23-24. In: Lopatin I. K. (ed.), Raznoobrazie zhivotnogo mira Belarusi: itogi izucheniya i perspektivy sokhraneniya. Materialy mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferentsii, Minsk, 274 pp. (in Russian). Moroz, M. D. and S. K. Ryndevich. 1999. Vodnye zhestkokrylye (Coleoptera: Haliplidae, Noteridae, Dytiscidae, Gyrinidae) natsionalnogo parka Pripyatskiy, pp. 167-170. In: Uglyanetz A. V. (ed.), Biologicheskoe raznoobrazie natsionalnogo parka Pripyatskiy i drugikh osobo okhrahyaemykh territoriy. Turov-Mozyr, 360 pp. (in Russian). Moroz, M. D. and S. K. Ryndevich. 2000a. Ekologo-zoogeograficheskaya kharakteristika Vodnykh zhestkokrylykh (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae, Hydraenidae) vodno-bolotnogo kompleksa Olmanskiye bolota. Vestsi Natsyyanalnay Akademii Navuk Belarusi 2: 119-122 (in Russian).

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Moroz, M. D. and S. K. Ryndevich. 2000b. Water beetles (Coleoptera: Haliplidae, Noteridae, Dytiscidae, Gyrinidae, Hydrophilidae, Hydraenidae, Dryopidae, Elmidae) of national parks and reserves of Belarus. Parki Narodowe i Rezerwaty Przyrody 19: 103-114. Radkevich, A. I. 1940. Material k izucheniyu entomofauny BSSR. Fauna zhukov severo-vostochnoy chasti Belorussii. Pratsy Vitsebskaga pedinstytuta. Ch. 2: 5593. (in Russian). Ryndevich, S. K. 1991. Novye dlya fauny Belorussii zhuki-vodolyuby (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae), pp. 212-214. In: Lopatin I. K. and E. I. Khotko (eds.), Fauna i ecologiya zhestkokrylykh Belorussii. Minsk 263 pp. (in Russian). Ryndevich, S. K. 1992. Vidovaya struktura i ecologicheskie osobennosty zhukov-vodolyubov (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae) fauny Belarusi. Vestnik BGU. Seriya 2 Chimiya, Biologiya, Geografiya 1: 73-74. (in Russian). Ryndevich, S. K. 1994a. Ecologicheskaya struktura zhukov-vodolyubov (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae) fauny Belarusi. Vestnik BGU. Seriya 2 Chimiya, Biologiya, Geografiya 2: 28-30 (in Russian). Ryndevich, S. K. 1994b. Zavisimost vidovogo raznoobrasiya zhukov-vodolyubov (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae) ot tipa vodoema, pp. 148-149. In: Pikulik M. M. (ed.), Tezisy VII zoologicheskoy konferentsyi. Minsk, 350 pp. (in Russian). Ryndevich, S. K. 1995. Novye dlya fauny Belarusi vidy vodnych zhukov (Coleoptera). Vestnik BGU. Seriya 2 Chimiya, Biologiya, Geografiya 2: 72 (in Russian). Ryndevich, S. K. 1997. Vodolyuby Beresinskogo biosfernogo zapovednika (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae). Vestnik BGU. Seriya 2 Chimiya, Biologiya, Geografiya 1: 29-31 (in Russian). Ryndevich, S. K. 1998. Vodnye zhestkokrylye Belarusi (Coleoptera: Haliplidae, Noteridae, Dytiscidae, Gyrinidae, Hydraenidae, Hydrophilidae, Dryopidae). Thesis review. Minsk 18 pp. (in Russian). Ryndevich, S. K. 1999a. Vodnye zhestkokrylye bolot Belarusi (Coleoptera: Haliplidae, Noteridae, Dytiscidae, Gyrinidae, Hydraenidae, Hydrophilidae, Dryopidae). Vesnik Magileuskaga Dzyarzhaunaga Univerciteta imya A.A. Kulyashova 14: 20-26 (in Russian). Ryndevich, S. K. 1999b. Vodnye zhestkokrylye prudov Belarusi (Coleoptera: Haliplidae, Noteridae, Dytiscidae, Gyrinidae, Hydraenidae, Hydrophilidae, Dryopidae), pp. 259-261. In: Pikulik M. M. (ed.), Strukturno-funktsionalnoe sostoyanie biologicheskogo raznoobrazia zhivotnogo mira Belarusi. Tezisy dokladov 8 zoologicheskoy konferentsii, Minsk 436 pp. (in Russian). Ryndevich, S. K. 1999c. Taksonomicheskiy sostav vodnykh zhestkokrylykh semeystv Haliplidae, Noteridae, Dytiscidae, Gyrinidae, Hydraenidae, Hydrophilidae, Dryopidae, Elmidae (Coleoptera) fauny Belovezhskoy pushchi, pp. 396-397. In: Luchkov A. I, B. P. Savitskiy, G. A. Kozulko, V. N. Parfenov and M. M. Pikulik (eds), Belovezhskaya pushcha na rubezhe tretyego tysyacheletiya. Materialy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii. Kamenyuki, Brestskaya obl. 429 pp. (in Russian). Ryndevich, S. K. 1999d. Vodnye zhestkokrylye kak sostavnaya chast bioty landshaftov Belarusi (Coleoptera: Haliplidae, Noteridae, Dytiscidae, Gyrinidae, Hydraenidae, Hydrophilidae, Dryopidae, Elmidae), pp. 89-90. In: Pikulik M. M. (ed.): Problemy landshaftnoy ekologii zhivotnykh i sokhraneniya bioraznoobraziya. Materialy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii, Minsk 104 pp. (in Russian). Ryndevich, S. K. 1999e. Vodnye zhestkokrylye vremennykh vodoemov Belarusi (Coleoptera: Haliplidae, Noteridae, Dytiscidae, Gyrinidae, Hydraenidae, Hydrophilidae, Dryopidae). Vestsi Natsyyanalnay Akademii Navuk Belarusi 1: 128 (in Russian). Ryndevich, S. K. 2000a. Taksonomicheskiy sostav i ekologicheskaya struktura zhestkokrylykh semeystv Haliplidae, Noteridae, Dytiscidae, Gyrinidae, Helophoridae, Hydrochidae, Spercheidae, Hydrophilidae, Hydraenidae, Dryopidae (Coleoptera) natsionalnogo parka Pripyatskiy, pp. 274-278. In: Valetov V. V. (ed.), Problemy ekologii i ecologicheskogo obrazovaniya v postchernobylskiy period. Materialy mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii. Mozyr 508 pp. (in Russian).

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Ryndevich, S. K. 2000b. Ekologicheskaya struktura zhestkokrylykh semeystv Haliplidae, Noteridae, Dytiscidae, Gyrinidae, Helophoridae, Hydrochidae, Spercheidae, Hydrophilidae, Hydraenidae, Dryopidae (Coleoptera) natsionalnogo parka Braslavskiye ozera, pp. 76-77. In: Pikulik, M. M., V. G. Yakovenko, V. E. Roshchin and V. M. Gurin (eds.), Ekologicheskiye i nravstvennye problemy osobo okhranyaemykh territoriy. Tezisy dokladov respublikanskoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii. Minsk,140 pp. (in Russian). Ryndevich, S. K. 2001a. Obzor roda Sphaeridium Fabricius, 1775 (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) fauny Belarusi i sopredelnykh territoriy. Byulleten Moskovskogo obshchestva ispytateley prirody. Otdel Biologii 106: 23-29 (in Russian). Ryndevich, S. K. 2001b. Vodnye zhestkokrylye ozer Belarusi (Coleoptera: Haliplidae, Noteridae, Dytiscidae, Gyrinidae, Helophoridae, Hydrochidae, Hydrophilidae, Hydraenidae). Vestnik BGU. Seriya 2 Chimiya, Biologiya, Geografiya 1: 55-59 (in Russian). Ryndevich, S. K. 2001c. Raznoobrazie vodnykh zhestkokrylykh fauny Pribaltiki, Belarusi i Severnoy Ukrainy Haliplidae, Noteridae, Dytiscidae, Gyrinidae, Helophoridae, Hydrochidae, Spercheidae, Hydrophilidae, Hydraenidae, Dryopidae, Elmidae (Coleoptera), pp. 2831. In: Lopatin I. K. (ed.): Raznoobrazie zhivotnogo mira Belarusi: itogi izucheniya i perspektivy sokhraneniya. Materialy mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferentsii. Minsk 274 pp. (in Russian). Ryndevich, S. K. 2001d. Vodnye zhestkokrylye rek Belarusi (Coleoptera: Haliplidae, Noteridae, Dytiscidae, Gyrinidae, Helophoridae, Hydrochidae, Spercheidae, Hydrophilidae, Hydraenidae, Elmidae), pp. 3133. In: Lopatin I. K. (ed.): Raznoobrazie zhivotnogo mira Belarusi: itogi izucheniya i perspektivy sokhraneniya. Materialy mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferentsii. Minsk 274 pp. (in Russian). Ryndevich, S. K. 2004. Fauna i ekologiya vodnych zhestkokrylykh Belarusi (Coleoptera: Haliplidae, Noteridae, Dytiscidae, Gyrinidae, Helophoridae, Georissidae, Hydrochidae, Spercheidae, Hydrophilidae, Hydraenidae, Limnichidae, Dryopidae, Elmidae). Monografiya v 2 chastyakh. Chast 1. Minsk, UP Technoprint 272 pp. (in Russian). Ryndevich, S. K. and M. D. Moroz. 2000. Water beetles of Belarus (Coleoptera: Haliplidae, Noteridae, Dytiscidae, Gyrinidae, Hydraenidae, Hydrophilidae, Elmidae, Dryopidae). Latissimus 12: 26-31. Ryndevich, S. K. and A. G. Shatrovskiy, 1995. Zhuki-vodolyuby (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae) fauny Belarusi. Fauna i sistematika: Trudy zoologicheskogo museya Belorusskogo universiteta 1:77-90. (in Russian) Ryndevich, S. K. and V. A. Tsinkevich. 2004. Sbor i opredelenie vodnykh i okolovodnykh zhestkokrylykh. Minsk 123 pp. (in Russian). Shaverdo, E. V. 1995. Hishchnye vodnye zhuki (Coleoptera, Adephaga) Berezinskogo biosfernogo zapovednika. Vestnik BGU. Seriya 2 Chimiya, Biologiya, Geografiya 2: 35-38 (in Russian). Shaverdo, E. V. 1997. K poznaniyu fauny Hydradephaga (Coleoptera) Belarusi. Vestnik BGU. Seriya 2 Chimiya, Biologiya, Geografiya 2: 25-26 (in Russian). Shaverdo, H. 1998. New data on the Hydradephaga of Belarus. Latissimus 10: 35-37. Shaverdo, H. 2000. Dytiscid species new to Belarus. Latissimus 12: 32. Solodovnikov, I. A. 1999. Katalog zhestkokrylykh (Coleoptera, Insecta) Belorusskogo Poozerya. Vitebsk 37 pp. (in Russian). Zaharenko, V. B. and M. D. Moroz, 1988. Materialy po faune vodnyh zhukov (Coleoptera: Haliplidae, Dytiscidae, Gyrinidae) Belorussii. Entomologicheskoe obozrenie 68 (2): 282-290 (in Russian).

PENSOFTNew Publishers Records Sofia Moscow

Konstantinov, Tishechkin, Penev (eds.) 2005 of Some Species of Diving Water Beetles from Palearctic 327 Contributions to the Systematics and Biology of Beetles Papers Celebrating the 80th Birthday of Igor Konstantinovich Lopatin, pp. 327-331

New Records of Some Species of Diving Water Beetles (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) from the Palearctic and Nearctic Regions
H. V. Shaverdo
Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Burgring 7, A-1010 Vienna, Austria (shaverdo@mail.ru)

ABSTRACT
New data on the distribution of 18 species of Dytiscidae from the Palearctic and Nearctic Regions are provided.

KEY WORDS
Dytiscidae, Palearctic Region, Nearctic Region, new records, faunistics

INTRODUCTION The present paper is a continuation of my previous works (Shaverdo 2002, Shaverdo 2004, Shaverdo et al. 2002) and deals with new faunistic data on diving water beetles. It was initiated by examination of specimens mainly from the collections of the Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, and from the collection of Dr. L. Hendrich. MATERIAL, METHODS, AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The specimens were studied from the following museums and private collections: CHF coll. H. Fery, Berlin; property of the NMW CHS authors private collection, Vienna CLH coll. L. Hendrich, Berlin; property of the NMW NMW Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Vienna (M.A. Jch) ZISP Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St.-Petersburg (A.G. Kirejtshuk) The Catalogue of Palearctic Coleoptera (Nilsson 2003) was used to get information on the distribution of Palearctic species. For data on the ranges of Nearctic species Larson et al. (2000) was consulted. All specimen data are quoted as appearing on the locality labels. Label text is cited using quotation marks separating different labels. Comments in square brackets are those of the author. I am very grateful to Dr. M.A. Jch and Dr. A.G. Kirejtshuk for the possibility to work with the collections of NMW and ZISP, as well as to Dr. L. Hendrich for the possibility to study his material. I wish to thank Dr. V. Karasev (Minsk, Belarus) and Dr. T. Galloway (Winnipeg, Cana-

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da) who presented the specimens for my collection. Also my thanks go to Dr. R.E. Roughley (Winnipeg, Canada) for his comments on my manuscript and for presenting the specimens for my collection. I warmly thank Dr. H. Fery (Berlin, Germany) for his comments on my manuscript and the new data on Hydroporus angustatus Sturm and Hydaticus seminiger (DeGeer). Financial support during the beginning of the study was provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada through a 2001 NATO Science Fellowship to the author and an operating research grant (#A0428, to Dr. R.E. Roughley). FAUNISTIC NOTES Palearctic Region Hydroglyphus signatellus (Klug) France: Corsica Dr. Rosenhr. 4 exs. (NMW). First record from France. Afghanistan: Umg. Kabul Afghanistan 1 ex. (NMW). Additional record from Afganistan. Recently the species was reported for the first time by Hjek & Fery (2004). Oman: Jebal Akhdar E Al Hamra, Ghubrat Ain Ghubrat, 17.11.2001 Quellbach (80) leg. Sattmann/Speleoman 1 ex. (NMW). First record from Oman. Kyrgyzstan: Kirgyzstan Fergana valley Kurshab, VIII. leg. Gurko, 1999 3 exs. (NMW). First record from Kyrgyzstan. This species is widespread in southern and western Europe, northern Africa, Asia Minor, and Central Asia, as well as in the Afrotropical Region. The present records fill some gaps in its known range. Hydroporus angustatus Sturm France: Corsica: 13.4.[19]81 Korsika, b. Cazamozza, Tmpel, on reverse Fery leg., H. angustatus Strm., Fery det. 1981 - 1 male (CHF). First record from Corsica. The species is known from mainland of France. Hydaticus seminiger (DeGeer) France: Corsica: 13.4.[19]81 Korsika, b. Cazamozza, Tmpel, on reverse Fery leg., Hydaticus seminiger Deg., Fery det. 1 male (CHF). Additional record from Corsica. Previously the species was recorded from Corsica by Angelini (1978) who did not provide locality data and by Rocchi (1986). Rocchis locality, Ghisonacchia, Calzarello, is situated near the coast in the eastern part of Corsica. The present locality is similar. It is also situated in the eastern part of Corsica, near the coast: ca. 5-6 km E Cazamozza Lucciana, ca. 20 km S Bastia, near the airport of Bastia-Poretta, not far from the well-known tang de Biguglia, altitude ca. 5 m above sea level. Prodaticus pictus Sharp Turkmenistan: Kugitangtau, svints. Rudnik, 800 m G. Medvedev, 13.V.959 1 male (ZISP). Additional record from Turkmenistan. Recently the species was reported for the first time by Hjek & Fery (2004). The species is known from Iran, Oman, Pakistan, and Saudi Arabia. The record from Turkmenistan is an extension of the known distribution of P. pictus to the north.

New Records of Some Species of Diving Water Beetles from the Palearctic

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Laccophilus minutus (L.) Uzbekistan: Uzbekistan, 12-23.IV.95 Kugitang Mts., Pandzhob Karasjov V. leg. 3 exs. (CHS). Uzbekistan, 28.IV3.V.95 Kugitang Mts., Pandzhob Karasjov V. leg. - 1 ex. (CHS). Tadzhikistan: Mts. Karateghin Baldschuan 924 m. F. Hauser 1898, Collect. Hauser 13 exs. (NMW). Mts. Karateghin Baldschuan [hw], Collect. Hauser 5 exs. (NMW). First records from Uzbekistan and Tadzhikistan. The species was recorded in Central Asia from Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Iran, Pakistan, and from Xinjiang Province of China. The present records fill a gap in its distribution among these areas. Nearctic Region Hydrodytes dodgei (Young) USA: Georgia: Jekyll Is. GA 8/21/75, E.J. Ford, Jr. Light Trap 1 female (CLH). First record from Georgia. Formerly, the species was known only from Florida. Thermonectus marmoratus (Gray) USA: Texas: Texas, Blanco Co. Pedernalls falls, leg. J. Probst, 5.6.1996 1 male, 1 female (NMW). First record from Texas. The species was previously recorded from New Mexico, Arizona, California, and Mexico. Bidessonotus inconspicuus (LeConte) USA: Ohio: USA/Ohio, Lake Cardinal, 22.7.1988 at light Archangelsky leg. 2 males, 2 females (CLH). USA/Ohio, Ashtabula Co., Pallister State Nat. Reserve, 22.7.1988 Archangelsky leg. 1 male (CLH). USA/Ohio, Ashtabula Co., Pallister State Nat. Reserve, 22.6.1988 Archangelsky leg. 1 female (CLH). USA/Ohio, Ashtabula Co., Pallister State Nat. Reserve, 5.8.1988 Archangelsky leg. 2 males (CLH). First record from Ohio. The species is widespread in the eastern part of the USA west to Texas and occurs also in eastern Canada. Uvarus falli (Young) USA: Louisiana: USA, LA, Plaquemines Par., ~ 10 km N Port Sulphur, LSU Agricultural Center Citrus Stn. 23-30.V.2002 Ex: Bt. D.C. Henne coll. (light trap) 1 male (CHS). First record from Louisiana. USA: Georgia: 10 m south Savannah GA 5/20/70, E.J. Ford, Jr. Light Trap 1 ex. (CLH). First record from Georgia. The species occurs from Nova Scotia and Ontario south to Florida and Texas, however, its records are generally scarce. Neoporus clypealis (Sharp) USA: Ohio: OH Fairfield Co. Barnabey Center OSU Station Col. Archangelsky 1 female (CLH). First record from Ohio. The species is widespread in the eastern parts of Canada and the USA. Neoporus undulatus (Say) USA: Delaware: Little Creek Del. 6/5/69, Light Trap E.J. Ford, Jr. - 1 female (CLH). First record from Delaware.

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USA: Texas: USA/Texas, Madison Co., 0.3 mi N Trinity River, 15 mi NW Huntsville, 19.III.1994, Gillogly leg./Coll. Hendrich 1 female (CLH). First record from Texas. Neoporus undulatus is the most common and widespread species of this genus. It is not clear at the moment whether it is a single polymorphic species or a complex of several species. Neoporus undulatus occurs across Canada south to Washington and Oregon in the west and in the central and eastern parts of the USA west to North Dakota and south to Alabama. The record of the species from Texas is an extension of its distribution to the southwest. Sanfilippodytes pacificus (Fall) USA: Oregon: USA: Oregon, Falls Creek 16.06.1985, Lot 3 B.F. & J.L. Carr coll. 2 males, 3 females (CHS). First record from Oregon. This species was previously known only from Alaska and British Columbia. According to the present data it also occurs further south. Stictotarsus eximius (Motschulsky) USA: California: USA: Cal., Mendocino Co. 7 mi N Willits Outlet Creek, 4.9.1976 leg. H.B. Leech 1 male, 1 ex. (NMW). USA: Calif., Humboldt Co. Bear Creek at Eel River 1 mi S Pepperwood 5.9.1976, leg. H.B. Leech 4 exs. (NMW). USA: Calif., Napa Co. 2.5 km from Lake Hennessey Chiles Creek, 3.10.1976 leg. H.B. Leech 1 male, 7 exs. (NMW). USA/CA/ Humboldt County Redwood Crk., 8 m, Hwy 101 at Orick, 5.7.1991 D.A. Pollock leg. 5 exs. (CLH). USA, CA, Humboldt County, Redwood crk., at hwy 101, nr Orick, 5.7.1991 D.A. Pollock leg. 3 exs. (CLH). Additional records from California. Larson et al. (2000) reported this species only from southern California. However, the species is also known from Mexico, Baja California (Nilsson 2001), and according to Zimmerman (1982) and Challet & Brett (1998) it is more widespread in California. The present records confirm that S. eximius occurs in the coastal region of northern California. Hydrovatus davidis Young USA: Texas: USA Texas 1991 Palmetto State P. 70 km S Austin (13) 26.XI. leg. Jch 1 male, 1 female (NMW). First record from Texas. This is the most eastern limit of the distribution of this species. Its previously known range was from New Mexico to California. Hygrotus falli (Wallis) Canada: Manitoba: Manitoba, Canada Shoe Lake 503845"N 952635"W, 28.vi.01 Col. Jon Warkentin 1 male (CHS). First record from Manitoba. The species was recorded from Canada: Ontario and the USA: Michigan and Wisconsin. The present record is an extension of its known distribution to the northeast. Laccophilus fasciatus rufus Melsheimer Canada: Ontario: Canada South Ontario Maidstone [hw] 1 ex. (NMW). First record from Canada. Larson et al. (2000) reported that this widespread in Mexico and the USA species was common south of the Great Lakes and was likely to be found in southern Ontario.

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Laccophilus proximus Say Canada: Manitoba: CA, MB, (83) Whiteshell Prov. Park, backwater of Lyons Lake, 20.09.2002 Shaverdo H. coll., 494406"N 951051"W 1 male (CHS). First record from Manitoba. In Canada it was previously reported only from southern Ontario. The species occurs throughout the eastern and central territories of the USA and has the northern limit of its range at the Canada/USA border. The present record shows that L. proximus also occurs further north. Matus ovatus ovatus Leech USA: Ohio: USA/Ohio, Lake Cardinal, 22.7.1988 at light Archangelsky leg. 1 male (CLH). First record from Ohio. The range of this subspecies extends from southern Ontario and Quebec to Maryland, Indiana, and Illinois. DISCUSSION These new and additional records represent or confirm extensions of the distribution beyond the known rages of the species or fill the gaps in the ranges. Most of the records are for North America suggesting that the distribution of dytiscids is less known in the Nearctic Region than in the Palearctic Region. Therefore further new faunistic data can be expected for various species of Dytiscidae from this Region. REFERENCES
Angelini, F. 1978. Haliplidae, Dytiscidae e Gyrinidae della Lucania (XII Nota sulla Entomofauna acquatica). Entomologica, Bari 14: 63-135. Challet, G. L. & Brett R. 1998. Distribution of the Dytiscidae (Coleoptera) of California by county. The Coleopterists Bulletin 52 (1): 43-54. Hjek, J. & H. Fery. 2004. The water beetles (Coleoptera: Hydradephaga) of Afghanistan with particular emphasis on the collection of the Moravian Museum Brno, Czech Republic. Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae Biologicae 89: 25-51. Larson, D. J ., Y. Alarie, and R. E. Roughley. 2000. Predaceous Diving Beetles (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) of the Nearctic Region, with emphasis on the fauna of Canada and Alaska. NRC Research Press, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, 982 pp. Nilsson, A. N. 2001. Dytiscidae. World Catalogue of Insects, Vol. 3. - Stenstrup: Apollo Books: 1-395. Nilsson, A. N. 2003. Dytiscidae, pp. 35-78. - In: I. Lbl & A. Smetana (eds.): Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Vol. 1. Stenstrup: Apollo Books, 819 pp. Rocchi, S. 1986. Contributo alla conoscenza degli idroadefagi della Corsica (XIV nota sui coleotteri idroadefagi). Atti Museo Civico Storia Naturale Grosseto 9/10: 81-93. Shaverdo, H. 2002. New data on the distribution of some species of Agabus Leach and Ilybius Erichson (Insecta: Coleoptera: Dytiscidae). Koleopterologische Rundschau 72: 123-125. Shaverdo, H. V. 2004. New records and additional data on the distribution of some species of Hydroporus Clairville (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae). Koleopterologische Rundschau 74: 143-146. Shaverdo, H. V., R. E. Roughley, & T. Mousseau. 2002. New records of Dytiscidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) in Manitoba. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Manitoba 58: 8-9. Zimmerman, J. R. 1982. The Deronectes of the southwestern United States, Mexico, and Guatemala (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 36 (2): 412-438.

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PENSOFT Publishers Checklist Sofia Moscow

Konstantinov, Tishechkin, Penev (eds.) 2005 of Cucujoidea (Coleoptera) of Belarus (Eastern Europe) 333 Contributions to Systematics and Biology of Beetles Papers Celebrating the 80th Birthday of Igor Konstantinovich Lopatin, pp. 333-345

Checklist of Cucujoidea (Coleoptera) of Belarus (Eastern Europe)


V. A. Tsinkevich
Department of Zoology, Byelorussion University, Minsk, Belarus F. Scaryna Ave. 4, 220050 Minsk Belarus E-mail: tsinkevichva@mail.ru, tsinkevichva@bsu.by

ABSTRACT
A list is given for 386 species belonging to 18 families of Cucujoidea known to occur in Belarus (Eastern Europe).

KEY WORDS
Coleoptera, Cucujoidea, Belarus, Eastern Europe, faunistic list

INTRODUCTION Eight years have past since publication of the Catalogue of Coleoptera of Belarus (Alexandrovich et al. 1996). During these years additional data on beetles superfamily Cucujoidea of Belarus was collected and various works were published (Kirejtchuk, Alexandrovich & Tsinkevich 1998, Lason 1999, Saluk 1995, Solodovnikov 1999, Solodovnikov 2000, Solodovnikov & Nikitsky 2001, Tsinkevich 1998, Tsinkevich 2000, Tsinkevich 2001ab, Tsinkevich, Solodovnikov & Rudko 2001, Tsinkevich & Alexandrovich 2002). That brought a list of Belorussian species from 284 to 386 species. A checklist of superfamily Cucujoidea presented below is a complete and the most current version and is based on numerous collected specimens as well as available references. Ten species Kateretes rufilabris (Latreille), Meligethes corvinus Erichson, M. exilis Sturm, Glischrochilus quadrisignatus (Say), Pediacus dermestoides (Fabricius), Telmatophilus sparganii (Ahrens), Cryptophagus fallax Balfour-Browne, C. subdepressus Gyllenhal, Atomaria zetterstedi (Zetterstedt), Corticaria fagi Brisout de Barneville (all marked with *) were not previously recorded for Belorussian fauna. Ten species are excluded from the fauna of Belarus. Eight following species were erroneously identified (correct identification is given in brackets): Meligethes fulvipes C. Brisout de Barneville [= M. ruficornis (Marsham)], M. planiusculus (Heer) [= M. tristis Sturm], Stilbus pumilus Hochhuth [= S. atomarius (Linnaeus), Cryptophagus fuscicornis Sturm [= C. badis Sturm], Atomaria fasciata Kolenati [= A. nigripennis (Kugelann)], Anisosticta bitriangularis Say [= A. novemdecimpunctata (Linnaeus)], Dienerella ruficollis (Marsham) [= Cartodere constricta (Gyllenhal)], Dienerella argus (Reitter) [= D. elegans

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Aube]. Corticaria lateritia Mannerheim and Rhizophagus perforatus Erichson are known only from neighboring countries. At present the fauna of superfamily Cucujoidea of Belarus includes 386 species: Sphindidae 2 spp., Brachypteridae 10 spp., Nitidulidae 95 spp., Monotomidae 18 spp., Silvanidae 9 spp., Cucujidae 4 spp., Laemophloidae 10 spp., Phalacridae 16 spp., Cryptophagidae 80 spp., Erotylidae 10 spp., Byturidae 2 spp., Biphyllidae 2 spp., Bothrideridae 1 sp., Cerylonidae 5 spp., Endomychidae 7 spp., Coccinellidae 56 spp., Corylophidae 8 spp., Latridiidae 51 spp. Geobotanical regions of Belarus follow Yurkevich, Golod & Aderikho (1970) (Fig. 1). Systematics and nomenclature follow Lawrence & Newton (1995). Species within the family are given in alphabetical order.

25

30

55

55

2 3

4 5

25

30

Fig. 1. Geobotanical districts of Belarus (accoding to Yurkevich et al. 1970): 1 Zapadno-Dvinskij; 2 Osmjansko-Minskij; 3 Orshansko-Mogilevskij; 4 Nemansko-Predpolesskij; 5 BerezinskoPredpolesskij; 6 Bugsko-Polesskij; 7 Polessko-Pridneprovskij

Checklist of Cucujoidea (Coleoptera) of Belarus (Eastern Europe)


LIST OF SPECIES Sphindidae Jacquelin du Val, 1861 Sphindus dubius (Gyllenhal, 1808) Arpidiphorus orbicularis (Gyllenhal, 1808) Brachypteridae Erichson, 1843 Kateretes pusillus (Thunberg, 1794) K. pedicularius (Linnaeus, 1758) * K. rufilabris (Latreille, 1807) Heterhelus scutellaris (Heer, 1841) H. solani Heer, 1841 Brachypterus fulvipes Erichson, 1843 B. glaber Stephens, 1832 B. urticae (Fabricius, 1792) Brachypterolus linariae (Stephens, 1830) B. pulicarius (Linnaeus, 1758) Nitidulidae Latreille, 1802 Carpophilus hemipterus (Linnaeus, 1758) C. marginellus Motschulsky, 1858 C. sexpustulatus (Fabricius, 1791) Epuraea aestiva (Linnaeus, 1758) (=depressa (Illiger, 1798)) E. angustula Sturm, 1844 E. biguttata (Thunberg, 1784) E. binotata Reitter, 1872 E. boreella (Zetterstedt, 1828) E. distincta (Grimmer, 1841) E. fussi Reitter, 1885 E. guttata (Olivier, 1790) E. hilleri f. fageticola Audisio, 1991 E. laeviuscula (Gyllenhal, 1827) E. limbata (Fabricius, 1787) E. longiclavis Sjberg, 1939 E. longula Erichson, 1845 E. marseuli Reitter, 1872(=bickhardti Sainte-Claire Dev.,1906) E. melanocephala (Marsham, 1802) E. melina Erichson, 1843 E. muehli Reitter, 1908 E. neglecta (Heer, 1841) E. oblonga (Herbst, 1793) E. opalizans J. Sahlberg, 1889 E. pallescens (Stephens, 1830) (=abietina J. Sahlberg, 1889) E. placida Maklin, 1853 E. pygmaea (Gyllenhal, 1808) E. rufomarginata (Stephens, 1830)

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Geobotanical districts of Belarus (Fig. 1) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

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Geobotanical districts of Belarus (Fig. 1) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

LIST OF SPECIES E. silacea (Herbst, 1784) (=deleta Sturm, 1844) E. silesiaca Reitter, 1872 E. terminalis Mannerheim, 1843 E. thoracica Tournier, 1872 E. unicolor (Olivier, 1790) E. variegata (Herbst, 1793) Pria dulcamarae (Scopoli, 1763) Meligethes acicularis C. Brisout de Barneville, 1863 M. aeneus aeneus (Fabricius, 1775) M. anthracinus C. Brisout de Barneville, 1863 M. atramentarius Frster, 1849 M. atratus (Olivier, 1790) M. bidens C. Brisout de Barneville, 1863 M. brunnicornis Sturm, 1845 M. carinulatus Frster, 1849 M. caudatus Guillebeau, 1897 M. coeruleovirens Frster, 1849 M. coracinus Sturm, 1845 *M. corvinus Erichson, 1845 M. denticulatus (Heer, 1841) (=hebes Erichson, 1845) M. difficilis (Heer, 1841) M. egenus Erichson, 1845 *M. exilis Sturm, 1845 M. flavimanus Stephens, 1830 M. gagathinus Erichson, 1845 M. incanus Sturm, 1845 M. kunzei Erichson, 1845 M. lugubris Sturm, 1845 M. maurus Sturm, 1845 M. nigrescens Stephens, 1830 M. ochropus Sturm, 1845 M. ovatus Sturm, 1845 M. pedicularius (Gyllenhal, 1808) (=viduatus (Heer, 1841)) M. rosenhaueri Reitter, 1871 M. ruficornis (Marsham, 1802) (=flavipes Sturm, 1845) M. subaeneus Sturm, 1845 M. subrugosus (Gyllenhal, 1808) M. sulcatus C. Brisout de Barneville, 1863 M. symphyti (Heer, 1841) M. tristis Sturm, 1845 M. umbrosus Sturm, 1845 M. viridescens (Fabricius, 1787)

Checklist of Cucujoidea (Coleoptera) of Belarus (Eastern Europe)


LIST OF SPECIES Nitidula bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) N. carnaria (Schaller, 1783) N. rufipes (Linnaeus, 1767) Omosita colon (Linnaeus, 1758) O. depressa (Linnaeus, 1758) O. discoidea (Fabricius, 1775) Ipidia binotata Reitter, 1875 I. sexguttata (C.R.Sahlberg, 1834) Soronia grisea (Linnaeus, 1758) S. punctatissima (Illiger, 1794) Amphotis marginata (Fabricius, 1781) Pocadius adustus Reitter, 1888 P. ferrugineus (Fabricius, 1775) Cychramus luteus (Fabricius, 1787) C. variegatus (Herbst, 1792) Physoronia wajdelota (Wankowicz, 1869) Cyllodes ater (Herbst, 1792) Thalycra fervida (Olivier, 1790) Cryptarcha strigata (Fabricius, 1787) C. undata (Olivier, 1790) Glischrochilus grandis Tournier, 1872 G. hortensis (Fourcroy, 1775) G. quadriguttatus (Fabricius, 1776) G. quadripunctatus (Linnaeus, 1758) *G. quadrisignatus (Say, 1835) Pityophagus ferrugineus (Linnaeus, 1761) Monotomidae Laporte, 1840b Cyanostolus aeneus (Richter, 1820) Rhizophagus bipustulatus (Fabricius, 1792) Rh. cribratus Gyllenhal, 1827 Rh. depressus (Fabricius, 1792) Rh. dispar (Paykull, 1800) Rh. ferrugineus (Paykull, 1800) Rh. grandis Gyllenhal, 1827 Rh. nitidulus (Fabricius, 1798) Rh. parallelocollis Gyllenhal, 1827 Rh. parvulus (Paykull, 1800) Rh. picipes (Olivier, 1790) Rh. puncticollis C.R.Sahlberg, 1837 Monotoma angusticollis Gyllenhal, 1827 M. bicolor A.Villa et G.B.Villa, 1835 M. brevicollis Aub, 1837

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Geobotanical districts of Belarus (Fig. 1) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

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Geobotanical districts of Belarus (Fig. 1) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

LIST OF SPECIES M. conicicollis Aub, 1837 M. longicollis (Gyllenhal, 1827) M. picipes Herbst, 1793 Silvanidae Kirby, 1837 Psammoecus bipunctatus (Fabricius, 1792) Uleiota planata (Linnaeus, 1761) Dendrophagus crenatus (Paykull, 1799) Ahasverus advena (Waltl, 1832) Oryzaephilus mercator (Fauvel, 1889) O. surinamensis (Linnaeus, 1758) Silvanus bidentatus (Fabricius, 1792) S. unidentatus (Fabricius, 1792) Silvanoprus fagi (Gurin-Mnville, 1844) Cucujidae Latreille, 1802 Cucujus cinnaberinus (Scopoli, 1763) C. haematodes Erichson, 1845 Pediacus depressus (Herbst, 1794) *Pediacus dermestoides (Fabricius, 1792) Laemophloidae Ganglbauer, 1899 Laemophloeus monilis (Fabricius, 1787) L. muticus (Fabricius, 1781) Placonotus testaceus (Fabricius, 1787) Leptophloeus alternans (Erichson, 1845) Cryptolestes abietis (Wankowicz, 1865) C. corticinus (Erichson, 1845) C. duplicatus (Waltl, 1839) C. ferrugineus (Stephens, 1831) C. pusillus (Schnherr, 1817) Lathropus sepicola (Mller, 1821) Phalacridae Leach, 1815 Phalacrus borealis Lafer, 1992 Ph. caricis Sturm, 1807 Ph. fimetarius Paykull, 1800 Ph. substriatus (Gyllenhal, 1813) Olibrus aeneus (Fabricius, 1792) O. affinis (Sturm, 1807) Olibrus baudueri Flach, 1888 O. bicolor (Fabricius, 1792) O. bimaculatus Kster, 1848 O. corticalis (Panzer, 1792) O. flavicornis (Sturm, 1807) O. millefolii (Paykull, 1800)

Checklist of Cucujoidea (Coleoptera) of Belarus (Eastern Europe)


LIST OF SPECIES O. pygmaeus (Sturm, 1807) Stilbus atomarius (Linnaeus, 1767) S. oblongus (Erichson, 1845) S. testaceus (Panzer, 1797) Cryptophagidae Kirby, 1837 Telmatophilus brevicollis Aub, 1862 T. caricis (Olivier, 1790) T. schoenherri (Gyllenhal, 1808) *T. sparganii (Ahrens, 1812) T. typhae (Falln, 1802) Paramecosoma melanocephalum (Herbst, 1793) Henoticus serratus (Gyllenhal, 1808) Pteryngium crenatum (Gyllenhal, 1808) Micrambe abietis (Paykull, 1798) Cryptophagus acutangulus Gyllenhal, 1828 C. badius Sturm, 1845 C. cellaris (Scopoli, 1763) C. corticinus Thomson, 1863 C. dentatus (Herbst, 1793) C. distinguendus Sturm, 1845 C. dorsaliformis Reitter, 1897 C. dorsalis C.R.Sahlberg, 1834 *C. fallax Balfour-Browne, 1953 C. fuscicornis Sturm, 1845 C. hexagonalis Tournier, 1872 C. labilis Erichson, 1846 C. lycoperdi (Scopoli, 1763) C. nitidulus Miller, 1858 C. obsoletus Reitter, 1879 C. pallidus Sturm, 1845 C. pilosus Gyllenhal, 1828 C. pseudodentatus Bruce, 1936 C. pubescens Sturm, 1845 C. quercinus Kraatz, 1852 C. saginatus Sturm, 1845 C. scanicus (Linnaeus, 1758) C. schmidti Sturm, 1845 C. scutellatus Newman, 1834 C. setulosus Sturm, 1845 *C. subdepressus Gyllenhal, 1828 C. subfumatus Kraatz, 1856 C. subvittatus Reitter, 1887

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Geobotanical districts of Belarus (Fig. 1) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

LIST OF SPECIES C. thomsoni Reitter, 1875 Spavius glaber (Gyllenhal, 1808) Antherophagus canescens Grouvelle, 1916 A. nigricornis (Fabricius, 1787) A. pallens (Linnaeus, 1758) Caenoscelis fleischeri Reitter, 1889 (=sibirica Reitter, 1889) C. subdeplanata C. Brisout de Barneville, 1882 Atomaria affinis (F.Sahlberg, 1834) A. alpina Heer, 1841 A. analis Erichson, 1846 A. apicalis Erichson, 1846 A. atra (Herbst, 1793) A. atrata Reitter, 1875 A. atricapilla Stephens, 1830 A. attila Reitter, 1878 A. badia Erichson, 1846 A. basalis Erichson, 1846 A. elongatula Erichson, 1846 A. fimetarii (Fabricius, 1792) A. fuscata (Schnherr, 1808) A. hislopi Wollaston, 1857 A. kamtschatica Motschulsky, 1860 A. lewisi Reitter, 1877 A. mesomela (Herbst, 1792) A. mongolica Johnson, 1970 A. morio Kolenati, 1846 A. nigripennis (Kugelann, 1794) A. nigrirostris Stephens, 1830 (=fuscicollis Mannerheim, 1852) A. nitidula (Marscham, 1802) A. peltata Kraatz, 1853 A. procerula Erichson, 1846 A. pseudatra Reitter, 1887 (=reitteri Lvendal, 1892) A. pulchra Erichson, 1846 A. pusilla (Paykull, 1798) A. rhenana Kraatz, 1853 A. rubella Heer, 1841 (=berolinensis Kraatz, 1853) A. testacea Stephens, 1830 (=ruficornis (Marsham, 1802)) A. turgida Erichson,1846 *A. zetterstedi (Zetterstedt, 1838) A. umbrina (Gyllenhal,1827) Ephistemus globulus (Paykull, 1798) E. reitteri Casey, 1900

Checklist of Cucujoidea (Coleoptera) of Belarus (Eastern Europe)


LIST OF SPECIES Curelius exiguus (Erichson, 1846) Erotylidae Latreille, 1802 Tritoma bipustulata Fabricius,1775 T. subbasalis (Reitter,1896) Triplax aenea (Schaller,1783) T. lepida (Falderman,1827) T. rufipes (Fabricius,1792) T. russica (Linnaeus,1758) T. scutellaris Charpentier,1825 Dacne bipustulata (Thunberg,1781) D. notata (Gmelin,1788) Combocerus glaber (Schaller,1783) Byturidae Jacquelin du Val, 1858 Byturus ochraceus (L.G. Scriba, 1790) B. tomentosus (DeGeer, 1774) Biphyllidae LeConte, 1861 Diplocoelus fagi Gurin-Mnville, 1844 Biphyllus lunatus (Fabricius, 1792) Bothrideridae Erichson, 1845 Bothrideres contractus (Fabricius, 1792) Cerylonidae Billberg, 1820 Cerylon deplanatum Gyllenhal, 1827 C. fagi C. Brisout de Barneville, 1867 C. ferrugineum Stephens, 1830 C. histeroides (Fabricius, 1792) C. impressum Erichson, 1845 Endomychidae Leach, 1815 Holoparamecus caularum Aub, 1843 Mycetaea subterranea (Fabricius, 1801) Lycoperdina succincta (Linnaeus, 1767) Leiesthes seminigra (Gyllenhal, 1808) Symbiotes latus Redtenbacher, 1849 Mycetina cruciata (Schaller, 1783) Endomychus coccineus (Linnaeus, 1758) Coccinellidae Latreille, 1807 Subcoccinella vigintiquatuorpunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) Coccidula rufa (Herbst, 1783) C. scutellata (Herbst, 1783) Rhyzobius chrysomeloides (Herbst, 1792) Scymnus abietis Paykull, 1798 S. ater Kugellan, 1794 S. auritus Thunberg, 1795

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Geobotanical districts of Belarus (Fig. 1) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

LIST OF SPECIES

S. ferrugatus (Moll, 1785) + S. frontalis (Fabricius, 1787) + S. haemorrhoidalis Herbst, 1797 S. interruptus (Goeze, 1777) S. limbatus Stephens, 1831 S. nigrinus Kugelann, 1794 + S. rubromaculatus (Goeze, 1777) + S. suturalis Thunberg, 1795 + Nephus bipunctatus Kugelann, 1794 + N. quadrimaculatus (Herbst, 1783) N. redtenbacheri Mulsant, 1846 + Stethorus punctillum Weise, 1891 + Platynaspis luteorubra (Goeze, 1777) + Chilocorus bipustulatus (Linnaeus, 1758) + Ch. renipustulatus (L.G. Scriba, 1791) + Exochomus quadripustulatus (Linnaeus, 1758) + Hyperaspis campestris (Herbst, 1783) H. reppensis (Herbst, 1783) + Adonia variegata (Goeze, 1777) + Aphidecta obliterata (Linnaeus, 1758) + Hippodamia septemmaculata (DeGeer, 1775) + H. tredecimpunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) + Anisosticta novemdecimpunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) + Semiadalia notata (Laicharting, 1781) S. undecimnotata (Schneider, 1792) Tytthaspis sedecimpunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) + Adalia bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) + A. conglomerata (Linnaeus, 1758) + A. decempunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) + Coccinella hieroglyphica Linnaeus, 1758 + C. distincta Faldermann, 1837 (=magnifica Redtenbacher, 1843) + C. quinquepunctata Linnaeus, 1758 + C. saucerottii lutshniki Dobrzhansky, 1917 C. septempunctata Linnaeus, 1758 + C. trifasciata Linnaeus, 1758 + Coccinula quatuordecimpustulata (Linnaeus, 1758) + Oenopia conglobata (Linnaeus, 1758) + + Harmonia quadripunctata (Pontoppidian, 1763) Myrrha octodecimguttata (Linnaeus, 1758) + Sospita vigintiguttata (Linnaeus, 1758) Calvia decemguttata (Linnaeus, 1767) + C. quatuordecimguttata (Linnaeus, 1758) +

Checklist of Cucujoidea (Coleoptera) of Belarus (Eastern Europe)


LIST OF SPECIES C. quinquedecimguttata (Fabricius, 1777) Propylaea quatuordecimpunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) Myzia oblongoguttata (Linnaeus, 1758) Anatis ocellata (Linnaeus, 1758) Halyzia sedecimguttata (Linnaeus, 1758) Vibidia duodecimguttata (Poda, 1761) Psyllobora vigintiduopunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) Corylophidae LeConte, 1852 Sacium pusillum (Gyllenhal, 1810) Sericoderus lateralis (Gyllenhal, 1827) Corylophus cassidoides (Marsham, 1802) Orthoperus atomus (Gyllenhal, 1808) O. brunnipes (Gyllenhal, 1808) O. corticalis Redtenbacher, 1858 O. nigrescens Stephens, 1829 (=mundus Matthews, 1885) O. punctatus Wankowicz, 1865 Latridiidae Erichson, 1842 Latridius anthracinus Mannerheim, 1844 L. brevicollis (Thomson, 1868) L. consimilis Mannerheim, 1844 L. hirtus Gyllenhal, 1827 L. minutus (Linnaeus, 1767) Enicmus alutaceus Reitter, 1885 E. brevicornis (Mannerheim, 1844) E. fungicola Thomson, 1868 E. histrio Joy et Tomlin, 1910 E. planipennis Strand, 1940 E. rugosus (Herbst, 1793) E. testaceus (Stephens, 1830) E. transversus (Olivier, 1790) Dienerella elegans Aub, 1901 D. filiformis (Gyllenhal, 1827) D. filum (Aub, 1850) Stephostethus alternans (Mannerheim, 1844) S. angusticollis Gyllenhal, 1827 S. lardarius (DeGeer, 1775) S. pandellei (Brisout de Barneville, 1863) S. rugicollis (Olivier, 1790) Thes bergrothi (Reitter, 1880) Aridius nodifer (Westwood,1839) Cartodere constricta (Gyllenhal, 1827) Corticaria abietorum Motschulsky, 1867

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+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Belarus (Saluk 1995) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

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Geobotanical districts of Belarus (Fig. 1) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

LIST OF SPECIES C. alleni Johnson, 1974 C. crenicollis Mannerheim, 1844 C. elongata (Gyllenhal, 1827) *C. fagi Brisout de Barneville, 1867 C. ferruginea Marsham, 1802 C. fulva (Comolli, 1837) C. impressa (Olivier, 1790) C. lapponica (Zetterstedt, 1838) C. linearis (Paykull, 1798) (=rubripes Mannerheim, 1844) C. longicollis (Zetterstedt, 1838) C. longicornis (Hebst, 1793) C. orbicollis Mannerheim, 1844 C. polypori J.Sahlberg, 1900 C. pubescens (Gyllenhal, 1827) C. saginata Mannerheim, 1844 C. serrata (Paykull, 1798) C. umbilicata (Beck, 1817) Cortinicara gibbosa (Herbst, 1793) Corticarina fuscula (Gyllenhal, 1827) C. lambiana (Sharp, 1910) C. obfuscata Strand, 1937 C. similata (Gyllenhal, 1827) C. truncatella (Mannerheim, 1844) Melanophthalma curticollis (Mannerheim, 1844) M. distinguenda (Comolli, 1837) M. suturalis (Mannerheim, 1844)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author is very thankful to I. K. Lopatin (Minsk, Belarus), A. G. Kirejtchuk (Sankt-Peterburg, Russia), N. B. Nikitsky and G. Yu. Lyubarsky (Moskow, Russia), O. R. Alexandrovich (Olsztyn, Poland), S. V. Saluk (Minsk, Belarus) for support and consultations. C. Johnson (Manchester, England) and H. W. Rcker (Neuwied, Germany) sent necessary papers. A. D. Pisanenko allowed access to the collection of Zoological Museum of Byelorussion University (Minsk, Belarus). S. K. Ryndevich (Baranovichi, Belarus), A. V. Derunkov (Minsk, Belarus), O. V. Prischepchik (Minsk, Belarus), L. I. Trepashko (Minsk, Belarus), I. A. Solodovnikov (Vitebsk, Belarus), G. G. Sushko (Vitebsk, Belarus), A. I. Rubchenya (Minsk, Belarus), A. O. Lukashuk (vil. Domzheritsy, Belarus), E. V. Rudko (Mozyr, Belarus), P. N. Seshurak (Nezhin, Ukraine), G. A. Kozulko (vil. Kamenyuki, Belarus), M. A. Lukashenya (vil. Kamenyuki, Belarus), D. A. Lundyshev (Baranovichi, Belarus), A. V. Zemoglyadchuk (Baranovichi, Belarus), A. N. Bubenko (vil. B.Logi, Belarus) loaned various specimens from their personal collections.

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Alexandrovich, O. R., I. K. Lopatin, A. D. Pisanenko, V. A. Tsinkevich & S. M. Snitko. 1996. Catalogue of Coleoptera (Insecta) of Belarus. Fund of Fundamental Investigations of the Republic of Belarus, Minsk: pp. 1103. (In Russian, English summary). Kirejtchuk, A. G., O. R. Alexandrovich, & V. A. Tsinkevich. 1998. Additions and corrections to the catalogue of beetles of Belarus. 1. Vestnik BGU. Ser. 2. 1: 3941. (In Russian). Laso, A. 1999. Present state of knowledge of Brachipteridae and Nitidulidae (Coleoptera) of the Bialowieza primeval forest. Parki Narodowe i Rezerwaty Przyrody 3: 1323. (In Polish). Lawrence, J. F. & A. F. Newton. 1995. Families and subfamilies of Coleoptera (with selected genera, notes, references and data on family-group names). In: Pakaluk J., Slipinski S.A. (eds.): Biology, Phylogeny, and Classification of Coleoptera, Papers Celebrating the 80th Birthday of Roy A. Crowson 2: 5591092. Saluk, S. V. 1995. Contribution to the knowedge of Enicmus (Coleoptera, Latridiidae) species related to E. transversus (Olivier). In: Lopatin I.K. (ed.). Fauna and taxonomy: Proceedings Zoological Museum Bellorussian University. Nauka i tekhnika, Minsk 1: 139150. (In Russian). Solodovnikov, I. A. 1999. Catalogue of beetles (Coleoptera, Insecta) of Belarussin Poozerje. Vitebsk State University, Vitebsk: Pp. 137. (In Russian). Solodovnikov, I. A. 2000. New species of beetles (Coleoptera, Insecta) for Belorussian Lake district. Addition to the catalogue. Part 2. Rakstu krajums A 11.8. Jkgadejas zinatniska konf. Daugavpils, DPU: 2324. Solodovnikov, I. A. & N. B. Nikitsky. 2001. New species of beetles (Coleoptera, Insecta) for fauna of Belarus and Belorussian Lake district. In: Lopatin I. K. (ed.). A diversity of fauna of Belarus: results of studying and prospect of preservation: Materials of the International scientific conference, Minsk, on November, 28-30, 2001 - Minsk, 2001: 132135. (In Russian). Tsinkevich, V. A. 1998. A survey of Cucujoidea in the belorussian part of Bialowieza primeval forest. Parki Narodowe i Rezerwaty Przyrody. 17.3 (supl.): 123135. (In Russian). Tsinkevich, V. A. 2000. New materials on fauna and ecology of beetles Cucujoidea (Coleoptera) of Belarus. Vestnik BGU. Ser. 2. 3: 6063. (In Russian). Tsinkevich, V. A. 2001a. Additions and corrections to fauna of beetles of Belarus. In: Lopatin I.K. (ed.). A diversity of fauna of Belarus: results of studying and prospect of preservation: Materials of the International scientific conference, Minsk, on November, 28-30, 2001 - Minsk, 2001 : 141. (In Russian). Tsinkevich, V. A. 2001b. A new species and some new records of Palearctic Lathridiidae (Coleoptera). Zoosystematica Rossica 10: 85-86. Tsinkevich, V. A., I. A. Solodovnikov, & E. V. Rudko. 2001. New species of beetles (Coleoptera) for the fauna of Eastern Europe and Belarus. Acta Biol. Univ. Daugavpils 1, 1: 2829. Tsinkevich, V. A. & O. R. Alexandrovich, 2002. New and rare species of the beetles (Coleoptera) for the fauna of Belarus. Vestnik BGU. Ser. 2. 2: 3033. (In Russian). Yurkevich, I. D., D. S. Golod & V. S. Aderikho. 1970. Vegetation of Belarus: its mapping, protection and use. Minsk, Nauka i tekhnika, pp. 1248. (In Russian).

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PENSOFT Publishersof Descriptions Sofia Moscow

Konstantinov, Tishechkin, Penev (eds.) 2005 New Taxa of the Palearctic Saprininae (Coleoptera: Histeridae) 347 Contributions to Systematics and Biology of Beetles Papers Celebrating the 80th Birthday of Igor Konstantinovich Lopatin, pp. 347-355

Descriptions of New Taxa of the Palearctic Saprininae (Coleoptera: Histeridae)


Alexey K. Tishechkin
Louisiana State Arthropod Museum, Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803-1710 USA, e-mail: atishe1@lsu.edu

ABSTRACT
Descriptions of a new genus and three new species of the Palaearctic Saprininae (Coleoptera: Histeridae) based on the material from the collection of the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, are given. Apparently psammophilous Turanostyphrus gen. n. with two species, T. ignoratus and T. kizilkumis spp. n., are described from sandy deserts of Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, respectively. Adaptations to psammophily in this and some other specialized genera of Saprininae are briefly discussed. Also, Hypocaccus (s. str.) lopatini sp. n. from Mongolia is described.

KEY WORDS
Histeridae, new species, new genus, Hypocaccus, psammophyly, Saprininae, Turanostyphrus.

The Palearctic fauna of Histeridae is well studied and up-to-date major monographic revisions are available for most regions (Kryzhanovskij & Reichardt 1976, Vienna 1981, hara 1994, Ylamos 2002). Nevertheless, the process of describing the Palearctic histerid taxa is far from being complete and recent examination of museum collections or newly collected material still yield new taxa (e.g., Olexa 1992, Kapler 1993, Kryzhanovskij 1993, hara 1999, Lackner & Ylamos 2001, Lackner 2003). Herein, I describe three new species of Palearctic Saprininae, including a new, apparently specialized psammophilous genus. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study is based on specimens discovered in the collection of the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Peterstburg (ZIN hereafter), where they were misplaced as incorrectly identified species of the genus Hypocacculus Bickhardt. In descriptions, I followed conventional terminology for histerid morphology (Kryzhanovskij & Reichardt 1976, Kanaar 1997). Male genitalia were extracted using a thin hooked entomological pin, then cleared by treatment with hot 10% KOH solution and an excess of water wash. Genitalic sclerites and aedeagus were separated and kept in glycerol in a microvial pinned under the specimens. Puncture density (distances between punctures) is expressed as a ratio of separa-

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tion distance to puncture diameters. Images were taken using a Photo-Montage system (Syncroscopy, Inc.) for the production of illustrations and templates for ink drawings. All collection label information was originally written in Russian and is listed in type material in English translation by me. Also, I added necessary extra geographical information in square brackets. Abbreviations PEL and PPL stand for body length measured between anterior margin of pronotum and apices of elytra and pygidium, respectively. Turanostyphrus gen. n. Body oval and convex, dorsal surface flattened (Fig. 1). Frons densely punctate, without frontal stria. Pronotum densely punctate, its marginal stria complete; epipleura with long sparse setae. Dorsal striae thin, without punctures, their pattern is typical for Saprininae (Fig. 1); elytral epipleura with long, sparse setae. Propygidium short and flat, pygidium long and convex, with dense punctures. Prosternal keel rather wide, flattened, both carinal and lateral prosternal striae present, apical foveae absent (Fig. 2, 3). Lateral discs of meso- and metasternum without setae. Protibia wide, with numerous teeth which are nearly completely concealed in explanate outer margins (Fig. 4). Mesotibia long and narrow, with one row of short spinules on outer side. Metatibia moderately widened, with 2 rows of short spinules on expanded flattened outer side (Fig. 5). Both meso- and metatibia with one row of long sparse setae on inner side. All tarsi long and thin, with long, thin, nearly straight claws. Eighth sternite of male without sclerotized parts and ciliation (Fig. 6), aedeagus short, curved in profile (Fig. 7, 8). Type species: T. ignoratus sp. n. Ethymology. The generic name represents combination of the histerid generic name Styphrus and the name of the Central Asian desert province of Turan where the representatives of new genus were collected. Gender masculine. Diagnosis. Turanostyphrus gen. n. occupies a rather isolated position among Saprininae as a result of a peculiar combination of external features: the absence of frontal stria and apical foveae, flattened prosternal keel with well-developed carinal striae, specific distribution of setae on ventral

Fig. 1. Turanostyphrus kizilkumis. Habitus, dorsal view.

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side and unique structure of protibia. Apparently, this genus represents a special adaptive form among sabulicolous (sandy habitat adapted) Saprininae, quite distinct from other specialized genera within the subfamily, i.e. Ammostyphrus Reichardt, Chivaenius Olexa, Ctenophilothis Kryzhanovskij, Monachister Mazur, Paraphilothis Vienna, Philothis Reichardt, Philoxenus Mazur, Terametopon Vienna, Xenonychus Wollaston and Xenophilothis Kryzhanovskij. These genera in addition to a development of abundant and diverse setae on ventral and leg surfaces demostrate a clear trend towards oligomerization and enlargement of protibial teeth, expansion of metatibia and an acute shape of prosternal keel. These characters presumably represent an adaptation to a sabulicolous way of life (Kryzhanovskij & Reichardt 1976, Olexa 1990, Vienna 1981). In Turanostyphrus however, structure of tibia and prosternum is quite different from the above, although development and distribution of setae along with available habitat information suggest its psammophilous habits. Habitat. Known specimens were collected in sandy deserts, in a rodent burrow and by pitfall trapping. Key to the species of Turanostyphrus gen. n. 1 (2) Body size smaller, PEL=1.7 mm. Carinal stria nearly parallel, barely descendent towards apex where united by transverse sulcus. Lateral prosternal striae not united with carinal striae (Fig. 2). Abdominal sternites without setae .......................................... T. ignoratus sp.n. 2 (1) Body size larger, PEL=2.2 mm. Carinal stria clearly curved between base and apical conjunction. Lateral prosternal striae united with carinal striae (Fig. 3). Dorsal parts of abdominal sternites with long yellow setae .................................................. T. kizilkumis sp.n. Turanostyphrus ignoratus sp. n. (Fig. 2, 4-8) Length: PPL=2.1 mm, PEL=1.7 mm. Body oval, 1.15 times longer than wide, convex, with flattened dorsal surface. Color yellowish-brown, antennal clubs and tarsi yellowish. Frons moderately convex, covered with small, shallow, dense (0.7-1.2) punctures and fine background microsculpture, any signs of frontal stria absent. Clypeus convex, its punctures are smaller and denser and arranged into transverse wrinkles. Labrum short, emarginated anteriorly.

Fig. 2. Turanostyphrus ignoratus. Prosternum.

Fig. 3. Turanostyphrus kizilkumis. Prosternum.

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Antennae short, scape widened, nearly triangular, clubs with thin sutures, their apical halves covered with tomentose pubescense. Pronotum 2.0 times wider than long in median line, its lateral sides rounded, anterior angles weakly marked. Marginal stria distinct, complete. Pronotal disc covered with moderate, shallow, dense (0.5-1.2) punctures which are somewhat obsolete at the middle and become denser and arranged into longitudinal wrinkles laterally. Scutellum minute, triangular. Elytra together 1.02 times wider than long, completely covered with small, shallow, sparse (25) punctures which become smaller and sparser towards apices, with alutaceous ground microsculpture being more distinct apically. Epipleural and marginal elytral striae indistinct. Elytral striae thin and impunctate, subhumeral striae nearly complete reaching apical sixth, oblique humeral striae present in basal fifth. First to 4th dorsal striae slightly enter apical half, nearly equal in length, 1st being the longest and 4th - the shortest ones. Any traces of 5th dorsal striae absent, 4th striae arched with complete sutural ones. Epipleuera covered with thick long yellow setae. Propygidium narrow, with few minute shallow punctures and fine ground microsculpture. Pygidium long and convex, covered with small, shallow, dense (0.5-1) punctures and alutaceous microsculpture. Prosternal keel flattened, with long complete carinal striae which are convergent between procoxae, then barely descendent towards apices where united by transverse sulcus. Lateral prosternal striae well-developed, convergent, not united with carinal striae. Apical foveae absent (Fig. 2). Carinal profile straight. Epipleura smooth, covered with long yellow setae. Mesosternum transverse, with few small, shallow punctures along apical margin and shallowarched transverse row of small punctures in basal third. Meso-metasternal suture thin, impunctate. Metasternum long, convex, covered with small, shallow, rather sparse (2-4) punctures being larger and denser posteriorly. Metasternal longitudinal suture distinct, thin and impunctate. First abdominal sternite long, convex, with complete lateral striae, covered with minute, shallow, sparse (3-6) punctures and fine ground microsculpture. All femora wide, profemora with row of short spindle-shaped stiff setae on ventral margins and with row of longer curved setae on dorsal margins. Protibia wide, with nine teeth nearly

Fig. 4. Turanostyphrus kizilkumis. Protibia.

Fig. 5. Turanostyphrus ignoratus. Metatibia.

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Fig. 6. Turanostyphrus ignoratus . Male 8th sternite.

Fig. 7. Turanostyphrus ignoratus . Aedeagus, lateral view.

Fig. 8. Turanostyphrus ignoratus . Aedeagus, dorsal view.

completely concealed in explanate outer margins. Mesotibia long and narrow, with row of short spinules on outer margin and row of long yellow setae on inner side. Metatibia moderately flattened, with two rows of short spinules along expanded flattened outer margin and row of long yellow setae along inner side (Fig. 5). All tarsi long and thin, claws nearly straight, about 0.75 of the length of correspondent apical tarsomere. Aedeagus short, curved in profile, 8th sternite of male without sclerotized parts and ciliation (Fig 6-8). Holotype. A male labeled: Turkm. [=Turkmenistan], Repetek, Haloxylon persicum scrub, pitfall trap, 28.4.1967, V. Kuznetsov leg. / Hypocacculus eremobius Rchdt. Kryzhanovskij det. 1981 / HOLOTYPE Turanostyphrus ignoratus sp.n. A.Tishechkin des. 2004 (ZIN). Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the fact that this species remained undiscovered for more than two decades as a result of misplacement because of incorrect original identification. Turanostyphrus kizilkumis sp. n. (Fig. 1, 3-4) Length: PPL=2.7 mm, PEL=2.2 mm. Body oval, 1.20 times longer than wide, convex, with flattened dorsal surface (Fig. 1). Color piceous-brown, antennal clubs and tarsi yellowish. Frons nearly flat, covered with small, shallow, dense (0.2-1) punctures, punctures absent at small area on mid upper part and arranged into transverse wrinkles on apical part and on clypeus. Labrum short, widely emarginated anteriorly. Antennae short, scapes expanded, nearly triangular, clubs with thin sutures, their apical halves covered with tomentose pubescense. Pronotum (Fig. 1) 2.03 times wider than long in median line, its lateral sides rounded, anterior angles weakly marked. Marginal stria distinct, complete. Pronotal disc with distinct microsculpture, covered with moderate, shallow, dense (0.3-1.5) punctures, denser and arranged into longitudinal wrinkles laterally. Scutellum minute, triangular. Elytra (Fig. 1) together 1.15 times wider than long, completely covered with small, shallow, moderately dense (2-3.5) uniform punctures, alutaceous ground microsculpture distinct only in apical fourth. Epipleural and marginal elytral striae indistinct. Elytral striae thin and impunctate,

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only sutural striae bear several small punctures. Subhumeral striae nearly complete reaching apical fifth, oblique humeral striae present in basal fifth. First-4th dorsal striae slightly enter apical half, their lengths decline from 1st to 4th, the longest reach apical third and the shortest barely cross the middle. Any traces of 5th dorsal striae absent, 4th striae arched with complete sutural striae. Epipluera covered with thick long yellow setae. Propygidium very narrow, almost completely covered with elytral apices. Pygidium long and convex, covered with moderate, shallow, dense (0.5-1.2) punctures and alutaceous microsculpture. Prostenal keel flattened, long complete carinal striae convergent between procoxae, next barely descendent forming oval loop (Fig. 3). Lateral prosternal striae well-developed, convergent, united with carinal striae near their apices. Apical foveae absent. Carinal profile shallow concave. Epipleura smooth, covered with long yellow setae. Mesosternum transverse, with few small, shallow punctures along anterior margin and shallowly arched transverse row of small punctures in basal third. Meso-metasternal suture thin, impunctate. Metasternum long, convex, covered with very small, shallow, rather sparse (2-4) punctures, larger and somewhat denser posteriorly. Metasternal longitudinal suture distinct, thin and impunctate. First abdominal sternite long, convex, with complete lateral striae, covered with minute, shallow, sparse (3-6) punctures. Dorsal parts of lateral discs of all abdominal sternites with long yellow setae. All femora wide, profemora with row of short scale-like stiff setae on ventral margins and with row of longer curved setae on dorsal margins. Ventral surfaces of meso- and metafemora with moderate yellow setae. Tibia (Fig. 4) and tarsi as in T. ignoratus sp.n. Male unknown. Holotype. A female labeled: [Uzbekistan] Karakalpak A.S.S.R. [Autonomous Republic], Kizil-Kum [Desert], Chaban-Kazgan, out of rodent burrow, 12.5.1978, V. Kashcheev leg. / Hypocacculus eremobius Rchdt. Kryzhanovskij det. 1981 / HOLOTYPE Turanostyphrus kizilkumis sp.n. A.Tishechkin des. 2004 (ZIN). Etymology. The specific epithet derives from the name of Kizil-Kum Desert where the species was collected. Hypocaccus (s. str.) lopatini sp. n. (Fig. 9-14) Length: PPL=2.4 mm, PEL=1.9 mm. Body oval, 1.12 times longer than wide, convex. Color piceous-brown, with light bronze tinge, antennal clubs and tarsi yellowish. Frons flat, with several longitudinal irregularly rugulose wrinkles. Frontal keel well-developed, slightly curved outwards at the middle, united with supraorbital keels. Labrum and clypeus short, with rugulose surface. Mandibles short, impunctate. Antennae short, scapes widened, with several long, thick, yellow bristles on anterior margin. Antennal clubs small, rounded, their apical halves covered with short tomentose pubescense. Pronotum 1.97 times wider than long in median line, its lateral sides slightly rounded, anterior angles wide and short. Marginal stria distinct, complete. Pronotal disc with small, transverse, impunctate space with indistinct border near the base, the rest is covered with small, shallow, dense (0.3-1.5) punctures which become denser and arranged into longitudinal wrinkles towards lateral margins. Scutellum minute, triangular. Elytra together 1.35 times wider than long, their apical parts covered with small, shallow, rather dense (0.7-2) punctures. Punctures absent in 1st interval, but enter into other intervals where they reach basal half in 2nd interval and basal third in 3rd and 4th intervals. Epipleural striae indistinct, marginal elytral striae thin, impunctate, complete and united with sutural striae.

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Fig. 9. Hypocaccus lopatini. Prosternum.

Fig. 10. Hypocaccus lopatini. Protibia.

Fig. 11. Hypocaccus lopatini. Metatibia.

Fig. 12. Hypocaccus lopatini. Male 8th sternite.

Fig. 13. Hypocaccus lopatini. Aedeagus, lateral view.

Fig. 14. Hypocaccus lopatini. Aedeagus, dorsal view.

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Elytral striae thin and impunctate, only with several small punctures near bases. Subhumeral striae present as short fragments near the middle, nearly united with oblique humeral stria. Dorsal striae long, 1st striae are the longest reaching apical sixth, 2nd-4th nearly equal reaching apical third. Traces of 5th dorsal striae absent, 4th striae arched with complete sutural ones. Propygidium short, covered with moderate, shallow, dense (0.3-1) punctures. Pygidium rather short and convex, its punctuation is similar to that on propygydium, but punctures somewhat smaller. Prosternal keel (Fig. 9) narrow and acute, with long complete carinal striae which are strongly convergent in basal half and form short oval apical loop. Lateral prosternal striae well-developed, convergent, united with carinal ones at the loop. Apical foveae small and deep. Carinal profile concave. Mesosternum transverse, with complete deep marginal stria, covered with moderate, deep, rather sparse (2-3) punctures. Meso-metasternal suture crenulate. Metasternum rather short, convex, smooth, with only few rows of moderate, deep punctures along posterior margin. Metasternal longitudinal suture distinct, thin and impunctate. Dorsal parts of metasternal discs covered with long yellow setae. First abdominal sternite long, convex, with complete lateral striae, only with few small, shallow punctures along striae and posterior margin. Dorsal parts of lateral discs of 1st abdominal sternite with short compressed yellow setae. All femora wide, profemora with row of short yellow stiff flattened setae on ventral margins and with row of longer curved setae on dorsal margins. Protibia (Fig. 10) wide and short, with 5 short obtuse teeth and a short linear file of long setae dorsally along outer margins near the bases. Meso- and metatibia (Fig. 11) long and rather narrow, each with row of short, thin spinules and row of longer and thicker spines on outer margin and row of long yellow setae on inner side. All tarsi rather short, with short claws. Aedeagus short, curved in profile, 8th sternite of male without sclerotized parts and ciliation (Fig. 12-14). Holotype. Male labeled: Mongolia, Kobdo Aimak, low Bodontchin-Gol River, 20 km SW Altai-som, 4.8.1968, Arnoldi leg. / Hypocacculus tigris Mars. Kryzhanovskij det. 1970 / HOLOTYPE Hypocaccus lopatini sp. n. A.Tishechkin des. 2004 (ZIN). Diagnosis. In the key to the Palearctic Hypocaccus (Kryzhanovskij & Reichardt 1976), H. lopatini runs to the H. metallicus (Herbst) H. dauricus (Reichardt) couplet. From both these two species it could be easily distinguished by its pale piceous-brown color with only traces of metallic tinge, smaller size, structure of protibia (especially arrangement of setae on dorsal surfaces), presence of setae on metathorax and abdomen and shape of the aedeagus. Etymology. I dedicate this species to my mentor in systematic entomology, Dr. Igor K. Lopatin, in appreciation of our long-term friendship and his outstanding contribution to the studies of the Palearctic beetle fauna. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express my gratitude to G. S. Medevedev, A. K. Chistyakova and late O. L. Kryzhanovskij for their help and hospitality during my visits to ZIN. Thanks to C. E. Carlton (Louisiana State University) for comments and linguistic improvement of the text. This study was supported in part by the Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, and Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago (via visiting fellowship).

Descriptions of New Taxa of the Palearctic Saprininae (Coleoptera: Histeridae) REFERENCES

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Kanaar, P. 1997. Revision of the genus Paratropus Gerstaecker (Coleoptera: Histeridae). Zoologische Verhandelingen 315: 1-185. Kapler, O. 1993. Two new species of the family Histeridae (Coleoptera) from Ussuri region of the Far East of Russia with faunistic data. Folia Heyrovskiana 1: 25-32. Kryzhanovskij, O.L. 1993. A new species of Margarinotus from Kopetdagh Mountains, Turkmenistan. Zoosystematica Rossica 2: 144. Kryzhanovskij, O.L. and A.N. Reichardt. 1976. Beetles of the superfamily Histeroidea (families Sphaeritidae, Histeridae, Synteliidae). Fauna of the USSR V (4): 1-434 (in Russian). Lackner, T. 2003. Two new species of the genus Chalcionellus from Kyrgyzstam and Iran (Coleoptera: Histeridae). Entomological Problems 33: 21-24. Lackner, T. and T. Ylamos. 2001. Contribution to the knowledge of the Moroccan fauna of Sternocoelis Lewis, 1888 and Eretmotus Lacordaire, 1854 (Coleoptera: Histeridae). Zapateri. Revista Aragonesa de Entomologia 9: 99-102. Mazur, S. 1994. Histeridae (Coleoptera) of the Arabian Peninsula. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 14: 71-76 hara, M. 1994. A revision of the superfamily Histeroidea of Japan [Coleoptera]. Insecta Matsumurana (New Series) 51: 1-283. hara, M. 1999. A revision of the superfamily Histeroidea of Japan (Coleoptera). Supplementum 1. Insecta Matsumurana (New Series) 55: 1-283. Olexa, A. 1990. On the genus Philothis and related genera (Coleoptera, Histeridae). Acta Entomologica Bohemoslovaca 87: 141-155. Olexa, A. 1992. Bemerkungen zu einigen Arten der gattung Gnathoncus Jacq. Du Val, 1858. Re i c h e n b a chia 29: 45-50. Viena, P. 1981. Coleoptera Histeridae. Fauna dItalia 16: 1-386. Ylamos, T. 2002. Histeridae. Fauna Ibrica 17: 1-411.

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Acmaeodera PENSOFT Publishers (Acmaeodera) Sofia Moscow

Konstantinov, Tishechkin, Penev (eds.) 2005 lopatini sp. n. New Species of Buprestidae from Kyrgyzstan 357 Contributions to Systematics and Biology of Beetles Papers Celebrating the 80th Birthday of Igor Konstantinovich Lopatin, pp. 357-363

Acmaeodera (Acmaeodera) lopatini sp. n. New Species of Buprestidae (Coleoptera) from Kyrgyzstan
M. G. Volkovitsh
Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 Sankt-Petersburg, Russia E-mail: polycest@zin.ru

ABSTRACT
Acmaeodera (Acmaeodera) lopatini n. sp. from Naryn Valley, Central Tien-Shan, Kyrgyzstan, is described and illustrated. The new species is closely related to A. lata Heyden from adjacent areas of Tien-Shan. Diagnostic characters are given to distinguish A. lopatini from A. lata and A. bilyi Volkovitsh (Fergana Valley) and a distributional map for all three species is provided.

KEY WORDS
Coleoptera, Buprestidae, Acmaeodera (Acmaeodera) lopatini, new species, Central Tien-Shan, Naryn Valley, Kyrgyzstan.

INTRODUCTION During a field trip to Northern and Central (Inner) Tien-Shan in June 1989, several specimens of a species preliminarily identified as Acmaeodera (Acmaeodera) lata Heyden, 1885 were collected in the foothills of the Moldotau Mountains in the deeply isolated Naryn Valley not far from the town of Kazarman (Kyrgyzstan). One specimen was collected in the same valley at a rather long distance from the first locality. One more specimen was received from Naturkundesmuseum (Erfurt, Germany) for identification. Detailed examination of all above mentioned specimens has shown that they actually belong to a previously unknown species. Its description and diagnosis are given below. The new species is named after Professor Igor K. Lopatin who has contributed significantly to coleopteran faunal investigations and the zoogeography of Middle and Central Asia, and in honor of many years of friendship. The following acronyms are used throughout the text: NMEG - Naturkundesmuseum (Erfurt, Germany); ZIN - Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences (St. Petersburg, Russia).

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Acmaeodera (Acmaeodera) lopatini Volkovitsh, new species (Figs. 1, 2) Description. Body relatively large, length 9.4 (7.1-10.8) mm, width 3.4 (2.6-4.0) mm, robust, broad, strongly flattened, without dorsal curvature (Fig. 2); blackish-blue with bluish or violet sheen; elytra unicolourous, black or blackish-blue, markedly, broadly depressed longitudinally between slightly elevated sutural and 5-6th intervals; covered with short white setae sometimes mixed with brown setae. Head flattened when seen from above, rather broad; front with well defined, wide, longitudinal depression or groove at the middle, with sides feebly diverging to vertex, nearly straight. Vertex flattened, without longitudinal keel, 1.79 (1.66-1.89) times as wide as transverse diameter of eye and 1.11 (1.08-1.14) times as wide as front above antennal depressions. Clypeus narrow, sometimes separated from front with narrow transverse depression; with broad, deep, arcuate median emargination anteriorly; lateral projections with carinate margins. Front with ocellate, partly reticulate sculpture formed by small, shallow, oval or round umbilicate punctures; intervals 0.25-1.0 diameter of punctures, shining; covered with thin, medium, straight or slightly curved, directed forward, white setae sometimes mixed with brown setae. Antennae strongly dimorphic,

Figs. 1-6. Acmaeodera (Acmaeodera) spp.: 1, 2. A. lopatini n. sp. (9.6 mm); 3, 4. A. lata Heyden (7.7 mm); 5, 6. A. bilyi Volkovitsh (7.6 mm). 1, 3, 5. habitus; 2, 4, 6. lateral view.

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expanded from antennomere 5 in both sexes. Antennae of male long, 1.74 (1.67-1.80) times as long as height of eye; antennomeres 2-3 subequal, irregularly rounded, robust; antennomere 4 bearing small obtuse tooth at the middle of inner margin, as long as 3rd; antennomere 5 sharply wider than 4th, transversely triangular, 2 times wider than long; 6-10 strongly transversely triangular, 1.5-2.0 times as wide as long; 11 irregular, foliaceous. Antennae of female much shorter with distal antennomeres moderately expanded, 1.37 (1.26-1.45) times as long as height of eye; antennomeres 2-4 as in male; antennomere 5 slightly wider than 4th, nearly 1.3 times wider than long; 6-10 transversely triangular, 1.2-1.5 times as wide as long; 11 irregular, foliaceous. Pronotum strongly flattened, markedly depressed at basal half; strongly transverse, basal width 1.93 (1.84-2.06) times as wide as long, widest posteriorly to middle or at basal 1/3; sides sharply, nearly straightly diverging to widest point and then shortly, also nearly straightly converging to base forming angular lateral projections (Fig. 1); anterior margin angularly projecting, feebly bisinuate; basal margin straight. Lateral carina thin, poorly defined, sometimes reaching anterior corners but frequently interrupted or developed only at base. Pronotal surface deeply depressed at base, sides and anterior margin flattened; with often poorly marked median groove or line arising from the prescutellar fossa and nearly reaching anterior margin of pronotum. Prescutellar fossa deep, large, reaching nearly basal 1/3; lateral fossae big, deep, well defined. Pronotal sides with alveolate sculpture of big, shallow, irregular, sometimes polygonal alveolae with sharp intervals, without distinct inner structures, disc with alveolate sculpture of partly obliterated shallower alveolae with inconspicuous micropunctures on the bottom. Pronotum covered with semierect, straight or slightly curved, forwardly or laterally (on sides) directed, white setae, sometimes mixed with brown setae on disc. Anterior prosternal margin feebly bisinuate, bordered by a fine groove; prosternum convex, without depressions; covered with ocellate sculpture of small, dense, umbilicate punctures; lateral borders of prosternal projection smooth, flat, not carinate and almost not separate from remaining surface. Hypomera with ocellate sculpture of very big, rounded umbilicate punctures without defined inner structures; intervals smooth, equal to nearly of diameter of punctures. Meso-, metasternum and hind coxae with alveolate sculpture of small, rounded, umbilicate punctures partly obliterated in the middle. Elytra strongly flattened, unicolourous, black to blackish-blue, dull; broad, 2.20 (2.13-2.28) times as long as wide at base; markedly, broadly depressed longitudinally between slightly elevated sutural and 5-6th intervals; base with narrow, deep, transverse depression, anterior margin swollen; sides slightly diverging at humeri, subparallel toward posterior 1/3 and feebly arcuately, nearly straightly converging to apices which are narrowly, jointly rounded or acute. Subhumeral incisure absent, epipleura almost straight, slightly curved at the level of hind coxae; epipleural serration small, saw-like, well marked almost up to anterior 1/3 of elytral length. Strial punctures at disc very thin, completely fusing together along the entire length of elytron, deeper and isolated at sides. Intervals absolutely flat, nearly uniformly, broad, at disc 5-6 times as wide as striae; 9th slightly elevated and bearing inconspicuous serration; covered with very thin, inconspicuous, superficial, punctures on finely rugulose, alutaceous background, and with short (shorter than half of interval width), white and brown setae. Legs black; metacoxae with posterior margin straight, slightly emarginate laterally, without lateral tooth. Tibiae thin, feebly expanded apically, nearly straight. Legs covered with white and brown hairs and setae; metatibiae bearing a row of thick brown setae externally. Tarsomeres nearly uniform; 5th thin, weakly expanded apically; tarsal pulvilli poorly developed on tarsomeres 1-3, each larger toward distal end; 4th with well developed tarsal pulvilla. Claws in male long,

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broad, curved, with large, rounded tooth, truncate at apex, at the middle, in female with sharp rectangular tooth behind the middle of internal margin. Abdomen blackish-blue with marked blue or violet sheen; sides and anterior projection of 1st visible sternite with partly obliterated umbilicate punctures; remaining surface with sparser, thin obliterated punctures; covered with dense, white, decumbent setae. Anal sternite narrowly rounded apically in both sexes, in female completely margined with thin groove. Male. Aedeagus (Figs. 7, 8). Female: ovipositor (Fig. 13) of uritiform type, short, with deeply emarginate anterior margin and short, nearly straight styli; distance between styli approximtely 3.6 times length of stylus. Dorsal hemisternites poorly sclerotized at apicies; venral valves with poorly defined, transverse, additional sclerotization along anterior margin; sides weakly expanded. Type material examined. Holotype, male. Kyrgyzstan, Naryn Valley, 41 km ENE of Kazarman, foothills of Moldotau Mountains, approximately 1500 m, 16-17.VI.1989, Volkovitsh leg. (ZIN). Paratypes: 1 male, 6 females, same data as holotype (ZIN); 1 female, Kyrgyzstan, Naryn Valley, 5 km SE of Kulanak, Karatau Mountains, 19.VI.1989, Volkovitsh leg. (ZIN); 1 female, Kyrgyzstan, Teke-Ujak, Moldotau Mountains, 28.VI.1996, Lukhtanov leg. (NMEG). Etymology. Named in honor of Prof. Igor K. Lopatin. Diagnostic Comments. A. lopatini sp. n. is closely related and similar to A. lata Heyden but can be separated from it as indicated in the Table. 1. Another related species, A. bilyi Volkovitsh, 1988 described from Fergana Valley (Fig. 15) can be easily distinguished by its slender elongate body (Figs 5, 6), bronzy-violet elytra, much longer elytral setae (as long as or longer than interval width), and genital structures of both sexes (Figs 11, 12; see also Volkovitsh, 1988).

8 7 9

10 11

12

13

14

Figs. 7-14. Acmaeodera (Acmaeodera) spp., genitalia: 7, 8, 13. A. lopatini n. sp.; 9, 10, 14. A. lata Heyden; 11, 12. A. bilyi Volkovitsh. 7, 9, 11. male, tegmen; 8, 10, 12. male, penis; 13, 14. female, ovipositor.

Acmaeodera (Acmaeodera) lopatini sp. n. New Species of Buprestidae from Kyrgyzstan


Table 1. Diagnostic characters of Acmaeodera (Acmaeodera) lopatini n. sp. and A. (A.) lata Heyden Character Body, shape Front Antennae A. lopatini n. sp. Robust, broad, strongly flattened (Figs 1, 2) With well defined, wide, longitudinal medial depression or groove Strongly dimorphic; in male 1.671.80, in female 1.26-1.45 times as long as height of eye; in male distal antennomeres sharply transversely expanded Angular, situated posteriorly to middle or at basal 1/3, sides nearly straight (Fig. 1) Big, deep, well defined Irregular, sometimes polygonal alveolae without distinct inner structures Flat, not carinate and almost not separate from remaining surface Strongly flattened, markedly, broadly depressed longitudinally between slightly elevated sutural and 5-6th intervals along entire length Finely rugulose, alutaceous, rather coarse, particularly on the sides Black to blackish-blue, dull A. lata Heyden

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Pronotum, lateral projections

Slightly elongate, weakly convex (Figs 3, 4) With poorly defined, medial depression, groove or line Poorly dimorphic; in male 1.201.24, in female 1.09-1.14 times as long as height of eye; in male distal antennomeres weakly transversely expanded Rounded, situated at basal 1/3-1/ 4, sides arcuate (Fig. 3) Lateral fossae poorly defined, prescutellar fossa rather shallow Regular, rounded or oval alveolae with distinct central granules and micropunctures Obliquely carinate and distinctly separate from remaining surface Slightly convex, sometimes weakly flattened at anterior 1/3-1/2; all intervals flat, not elevated Finely shagreened From brightly blue to blackishblue, frequently with violet sheen; rarely completely black See Figs 9, 10 Anterior margin arcuately projecting forward, lateral margins strongly expanded sidewards (Fig. 14) Elongate, slightly curved, distance between styli approx. 2.4 times of stylus length (Fig. 14) Strongly sclerotized along entire length (Fig. 14) With two additional triangular sclerites posterior to styli bases (Fig. 14)

Pronotum, basal fossae Pronotum, sculpture of sides

Prosternal projection, lateral borders Elytra, surface

Elytra, sculpture Elytra, coloration

Aedeagus Ovipositor, anterior and lateral margins Ovipositor, styli

Ovipositor, dorsal hemisternites Ovipositor, ventral valves, additional sclerotization

See Figs 7, 8 Anterior margin deeply emarginate, lateral margins poorly expanded (Fig. 13) Short, nearly straight, distance between styli approx. 3.6 times of stylus length (Fig. 13) Poorly sclerotized at apices (Fig. 13) With poorly defined, transverse, additional sclerotization along anterior margin (Fig. 13)

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Ecological Notes. Adults of the new species collected at the type locality were swept on flowers of Hypericum sp.; one specimen from Kulanak was swept on the flowers of Caragana sp. All specimens were collected on mountain slopes with desert shrub and semishrub vegetation: Artemisia spp., Salsola spp., Krascheninnikovia ceratoides, Caragana spp; Ephedra sp., Atraphaxis sp., etc. Remarks. A. lopatini sp. n. and related species, A. lata Heyden and A. bilyi Volkovitsh, occur in eastern Middle Asia in the desert foothills, valleys, depressions and low altitudes of the largest mountain ridges of Tien-Shan surrounding the deep Fergana Valley (Fig. 15). A. lata is the most widely distributed and common species occurring in the southern Tien-Shan (westernmost part of Zeravshanskiy Khrebet and Nuratau Mountains), western Tien-Shan (western foothills of Ferganskiy Ridge, Chatlalskiy, Kuraminskiy, Ugamskiy, Pskemskiy, Talasskiy Alatau Ridges), and northern Tien-Shan (Boroldaitau, Karatau, westernmost part of Zailiyskiy Alatau Ridges and south part of Chu-Iliyskiye Gory); northern part of Fergana Valley and Talass Valley. It is also found in the lower part of Naryn Valley (30 km upper of Tash-Kumyr town) but no authentic records of this species from southern part of Fergana Valley and Central Tien-Shan are known to author. A. lopatini is recorded from a few localities in the middle part of Naryn Valley which is

A. lopatini n. sp. A. lata Heyden A. bilyi Volkovitsh Dzhungarskiy Alatau Tien-Shan Pamiro-Alai
75 km

Fig. 15. Distributional map of Acmaeodera (Acmaeodera) lopatini n. sp., A. lata Heyden and A. bilyi Volkovitsh. (Geographical names after Alexandria Digital Library Gazetteer Server (http://fat-albert.alexandria.ucsb.edu:8827/ gazetteer/).

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almost completely isolated by mountain ridges from its lower part entering Fergana Valley. It may be supposed that A. lopatini replaces A. lata in central (inner Tien-Shan) being an endemic of this region or maybe even an endemic of middle part of Naryn Valley. New findings of both species are necessary to validate this assumption. A. bilyi is known only from its type locality in the foothills of Alai Ridge, south of Fergana Valley (Khamsa-Abad, Uzbekistan). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author would like to express his sincere thanks to Prof. I. K. Lopatin for his many years of valuable consultations on many aspects of taxonomy, faunistics and zoogeography of Coleoptera, Dr. Manfred Niehuis (Institut fr Biologie, Universitt Koblenz-Landau) for sending the specimen from NMEG, and Dr. A. Konstantinov (Systematic Entomology Laboratory, PSI, ARS, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, U.S.A.) for editing the manuscript. This research was supported in part by a grant 04-04-49109-a from Russian Foundation for Basic Researches. LITERATURE CITED
Volkovitsh, M. G. 1988. Novye vidy i podvid zlatok roda Acmaeodera Eschsch. (Coleoptera, Buprestidae) iz Srednei Azii i vostochnogo Sredizemnomorya, pp. 34-41. In: Tobias, V. I. (ed): Sistematika nasekomykh i kleshchei. Trudy Vsesoyuznogo Entomologicheskogo Obshchestva, Tom 70: 230 pp. (in Russian).

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List of Taxa Described by I. K. Lopatin

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Part 3. List of Taxa Described by I. K. Lopatin

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Contributions to Systematics and Biology of Beetles

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PENSOFT Publishers Sofia Moscow

Konstantinov, Tishechkin, Penev (eds.) 2005 List of Taxa Described by I. K. Lopatin 367 Contributions to Systematics and Biology of Beetles Papers Celebrating the 80th Birthday of Igor Konstantinovich Lopatin, pp. 367-373

List of Taxa Described by I. K. Lopatin


Fam. LEIODIDAE Sogda Lopatin 1961 pavlovskii Lopatin 1961 Fam. CHRYSOMELIDAE Criocerinae Crioceris 14-punctata tshingisana Lopatin 1966 Zeugophorinae Zeugophora belokobylskii Lopatin 1995 medvedevi Lopatin 2002 Clytrinae Labidostomis boreopersicus Lopatin1997 cheni Lopatin 1995 curtus Lopatin 1961 cyprius Lopatin 1962 fedtschenkoi Lopatin 1963 heinzi Lopatin 1993 lipskyi Lopatin 1961 polygoni Lopatin 1961 shirazicus Lopatin 1979 signatipennis Lopatin 1963 turcomanica Lopatin 1954 Tituboea ahwasa Lopatin 1985 carmelica Lopatin 2001 chikatunovi Lopatin 1995 daccordii Lopatin 1981 elegantissima Lopatin 1966 hebraica Lopatin 1996 medvedevi Lopatin 1981 minutissima Lopatin 1967 mirzayani Lopatin 1985 nevoi Lopatin 2001 nuristanica Lopatin 1966 piffli Lopatin 1967 pusilla Lopatin 2001 rufopygus Lopatin 1985 zarudnii Lopatin 2001 Clytra incomperta Lopatin 1966 jelineki Lopatin 1980 medvedevi Lopatin 1966 quadripunctata turfanica Lopatin 1962 valerianae opacipennis Lopatin 1962 Miochira nuristanica Lopatin 1966 Calyptorhina biornata angorensis Lopatin 2002 rapillyi Lopatin 2002 Samaragdina aeneoviridis Lopatin 1975 aethiops Lopatin 2004 ignorata Lopatin 1954 kimotoi Lopatin 2003 murzini Lopatin 2003 nigroguttata Lopatin 2002 nigroviolacea Lopatin 2004 tani Lopatin 2004 vavilovi Lopatin 1966 virgata Lopatin 2004 volkovitshi Lopatin 2004 Nanosmaragdina Lopatin & Kulenova 1986 Cheilotoma musciformis ammanica Lopatin 1995 Coptocephala hissarica Lopatin 1963 unifasciata babylonica Lopatin 1995 unifasciata postmaculata Lopatin 1930 Cryptocephalinae Stylosomus ater Lopatin 1962 hirsutus Lopatin 1956 cheni Lopatin 1962 costatus Lopatin 1962 sinensis Lopatin 1956 tadzhikus Lopatin 1965

368

Contributions to Systematics and Biology of Beetles Thelyterotarsus anthracinus Lopatin 1976 arabicus Lopatin 1982 atraphaxis Lopatin 1960 badakshanicus Lopatin 1967 balchaschensis Lopatin 1932 buettikeri Lopatin 1983 curtus Lopatin 1995 darvazicus Lopatin 1975 dzhungarus Lopatin 1976 furthi Lopatin 1995 georgicus Lopatin 1986 glabratus Lopatin 1985 gobustanus Lopatin 1992 gurjevae Lopatin 1968 hoberlandti Lopatin 1980 iliensis Lopatin 1967 indicus Lopatin 1997 inopinatus Lopatin 1992 insularis Lopatin 1937 intermedius Lopatin 1968 issykensis Lopatin 1992 iranicus Lopatin 1980 jacobsoni Lopatin 1968 jelineki Lopatin 1985 karatavicus Lopatin 1976 karateginus Lopatin 1992 kaszabi Lopatin 1963 khnzoriani Lopatin 1976 korotjaevi Lopatin 1992 kryzhanovskii Lopatin 1976 kuramensis Lopatin 1997 limbatus Lopatin 1992 mandli Lopatin 1967 margaritae Lopatin 1997 medvedevi Lopatin 1977 mesopotamicus Lopatin 1996 mirandus Lopatin 1980 mogoltavicus Lopatin 1992 mongolicus Lopatin 1971 murinus Lopatin 1961 nanus Lopatin 1976 nuratavicus Lopatin 1992 ochraceus Lopatin 1966 ophthalmicus Lopatin 1997 pallidus Lopatin 1956

Pachybrachis abditus Lopatin 1991 absinthii Lopatin 1990 afghanensis Lopatin 1966 altimontanus Lopatin 1963 anatolicus Lopatin 1985 arnoldii Lopatin 1967 atraphaxidis Lopatin 1968 boreopersicus Lopatin 1991 caraganae Lopatin 1977 fraudator Lopatin 1991 freidbergi Lopatin 1995 ghilarovi Lopatin 1974 gobicus Lopatin 1977 heptapotamicus Lopatin 1997 instabilis merkensis Lopatin 1968 issykensis gussakovskii Lopatin 1968 jacobsoni Lopatin 1968 jastschenkoi Lopatin 1995 jordanicus Lopatin 1984 kaplini Lopatin 1986 kaszabi Lopatin 1966 kazakhstanicus Lopatin 1974 kirghizicus Lopatin 1974 kirghizicus salsolae Lopatin 1974 koktumensis Lopatin 1991 korotjaevi Lopatin 1995 kuramensis Lopatin 1974 latipes Lopatin 1971 marki Lopatin 1997 mitjaevi Lopatin & Kulenova 1982 mogol Lopatin 1986 mohri Lopatin 1974 paganus Lopatin 1990 parvissimus Lopatin 1975 probus sibiricus Lopatin 1962 pubipennis Lopatin 1977 pudicus Lopatin 1984 rapillyi Lopatin 1984 rufescens Lopatin 1974 saudicus Lopatin 1979 semidesertus Lopatin 1995 sinkianensis Lopatin 1995 skopini Lopatin 1967 tekensis Lopatin 1983 Thelylankus (subg.) Lopatin 1987

List of Taxa Described by I. K. Lopatin pallidus montanus Lopatin 1976 pici Lopatin 1985 postfasciatus Lopatin 1975 przewalskii Lopatin 1992 rufus Lopatin 1980 shahristanus Lopatin 1987 similis Lopatin 1976 sogdianus Lopatin 1992 spitameni Lopatin 1990 tadzhibajevi Lopatin 1975 tadzhicus Lopatin 1968 tatianae Lopatin 1983 turkestanicus Lopatin 1965 velutinus Lopatin 1967 volkovitschi Lopatin 1986 wittmeri Lopatin 1979 x-signatus Lopatin 1985 zaissanicus Lopatin 1967 Asionus (subg.) Lopatin 1988, n.nov. Asiopus (syn.) Lopatin 1965 Bertiellus (subg.) Lopatin 1977 Burlinius (subg.) Lopatin 1965 Cryptocephalus aksuensis Lopatin 1952 alpigradus Lopatin 1982 alpigradus kharikalensis Lopatin 1982 appositus Lopatin 1958 atriplicis Lopatin 1967 bahadur Lopatin 1984 baroniurbanii Lopatin 1982 bhutanensis Lopatin 1975 boreoindicus Lopatin 1995 boreoindicus matiltanus Lopatin 1995 brancuccii Lopatin 1984 buettikeri Lopatin 1979 dalianus Lopatin 2004 diadochus Lopatin 1963 dinae Lopatin & Chikatunov 2001 contevraneus Lopatin 2003 elkhalidii Lopatin 1983 erberi Lopatin 1991 eous Lopatin 1952 evae Lopatin 2002 gangaridus Lopatin 1979 gobulus Lopatin 1953 gussakovskii Lopatin 1952

369

hammadae Lopatin 1961 invisus Lopatin 1963 irenae Lopatin 1958 iskanderi Lopatin 1961 kabaki Lopatin 2002 karatavicus Lopatin 1971 katranus Lopatin & Chikatunov 1997 kerzhneri Lopatin 1963 kermanicus Lopatin 1979 khajami Lopatin 1980 kiritschenkiellus Lopatin 1961 klarae Lopatin 1990 kozlovi Lopatin 1977 kulenovae Lopatin 1967 limarius Lopatin 1984 linnavuorii Lopatin 1985 lukjanovitschi Lopatin 1971 macilentus Lopatin 2001 macrodactylus levipes Lopatin 1999 margaritae Lopatin 1997 maytreiae Lopatin 1979 medvedevi Lopatin 1953 melanoxanthus flaviventris Lopatin 1952 moniliformis Lopatin 1980 montivagus Lopatin 1954 narsykulovi Lopatin 1958 nataliae Lopatin 1997 nigellus Lopatin & Chikatunov 2001 nigroflavus Lopatin 2004 ogloblini Lopatin 1953 oxianus Lopatin 1975 pavlovskii Lopatin 1956 peguensis Lopatin 1991 persimilis Lopatin 1956 potanini Lopatin 2001 povolnyi Lopatin 1969 prasolovi Lopatin 1992 przewalskii Lopatin 1997 pseudoexsulans Lopatin 1982 pushtunicus Lopatin 1981 puzanovi Lopatin 1958 rufoflavus Lopatin 1984 sagittifer Lopatin 1997 samuelsoni Lopatin 1997 sarafschanensis betpakdalenais Lopatin 1976

370

Contributions to Systematics and Biology of Beetles Coenobius arabicus Lopatin 1979 baronii Lopatin 1979 bhaktai Lopatin 1995 bipustulatus Lopatin 1997 circumductus Lopatin 1997 curtipennis Lopatin 1997 cyaneus Lopatin 1979 maculipennis Lopatin 1997 melanoxanthus Lopatin 1997 niger Lopatin 1997 pakistanus Lopatin 1995 puncticollis Lopatin 1997 sikkimensis Lopatin 1995 stonei Lopatin 1997 weisei Lopatin 1997 wittmeri Lopatin 1995 Paracoenobius Lopatin 1996 gressitti Lopatin1966 Chlamisinae Chlamisus holzschuhi Lopatin 1995 nepalensis Lopatin 1995 Eumolpinae Microeurydemus wraniki Lopatin 1995 Bedelia kaschgarica Lopatin 1962 Basilepta kaszabi Lopatin 1962 Chloropterus ornatus Lopatin 1984 unguiculatus Lopatin 1965 Chrysochares asiaticus orientalis Lopatin 1963 constricticollis Lopatin 1963 Andosiomorpha Lopatin 1981 Andostomorpha argentata Lopatin 1981 Parnops glasunovi ferghanicus Lopatin 1976 Caspiana Lopatin 1977 armata Lopatin 1977 Eryxia coracinus Lopatin 1996 Trichochrysea amygdali nuratavica Lopatin 1976 Callipta borealis Lopatin 1976 fausti badghysa Lopatin 1997 fausti balchana Lopatin 1997 fausti murgabica Lopatin 1997 fausti palvanica Lopatin 1997 iranica Lopatin 1997 Pseudocolaspis sacra Lopatin 1983

sarafachanensis grumi Lopatin 1976 sarafschanensis narynensis Lopatin 1976 sarafschanensis sugatensis Lopatin1999 sarafschanensis talassicus Lopatin 1976 sarbazicus Lopatin 1980 sassii Lopatin 1999 saudiensis Lopatin 1983 scarificollis Lopatin 1984 seductus Lopatin 1995 semiargenteus umbrosus Lopatin 1956 senguptai Lopatin 1979 shabalinae Lopatin 1963 sichuanicus Lopatin 1999 simulator Lopatin 1971 singhalus Lopatin 1995 skopini Lopatin 1961 sogdianus Lopatin 1963 spangleri Lopatin 1997 spurius Lopatin 1956 srilankus Lopatin 1995 stackelbergi Lopatin 1971 subnepalensis Lopatin 1982 superbus Lopatin 1953 submontanus Lopatin 1999 tenuelimbatus Lopatin 1995 terminassianae Lopatin 1967 turangae Lopatin 1961 umarovi Lopatin 1969 vitellinus Lopatin 1980 vividus Lopatin 1997 volkovitshi Lopatin 1976 wittmeri Lopatin 1977 wittmerorum Lopatin 1995 yemenicus Lopatin 1999 zaitzevi Lopatin 1977 zarudnii Lopatin 1953 zinicus Lopatin 2004 Jaxartiolus kozlovi Lopatin 1997 reductosignatus Lopatin 1963 Melixanthus jordanicus Lopatin 1979 kashmirensis Lopatin 1995 kuluensis Lopatin 1979 notabilis Lopatin 1997 nuristanicus Lopatin 1981 Adiscus philippinensis Lopatin 1997

List of Taxa Described by I. K. Lopatin Macrocoma calliptoides Lopatin 1996 henoni babylonica Lopatin 1985 iranica Lopatin 1984 micula Lopatin 1995 robusta Lopatin 1984 rubripes turcmena Lopatin 1976 schereri Lopatin 1995 zarudnii Lopatin 1985 Pachnephoriscus (subg.) Lopatin 1976 Pachnephorus jacobsoni Lopatin 1976 fulvus Lopatin 1976 kaszabi Lopatin1962 yemenicus Lopatin 2001 Pseudaphilenia (subs.) Lopatin 1976 Aphilenia interrupta gobica Lopatin 1970 Iranomolpus Lopatin 1979 badius Lopatin 1979 Chrysomelinae Crosita afghanica Lopatin 1962 bactriana Lopatin 1961 bogutensis Lopatin 1996 elegans Lopatin 1968 gemellata Lopatin 1971 grata nigrolucens Lopatin 1985 kaszabi Lopatin 1970 kowalewskii gobica Lopatin 1968 Gnathomela laevigata Lopatin 1972 laevigata kirghizica Lopatin 1990 meridionalis Lopatin 1972 mutica Lopatin1972 ovczinnikovi Lopatin 1990 praestans Lopatin 1972 valida Lopatin 1972 valida nuratavica Lopatin 1972 Chrysolina adzharica Lopatin 1988 aeruginosa centralasiae Lopatin 1970 almaatica Lopatin 1962 ballioni Lopatin 1968 belousovi Lopatin 2000 bienkowskii Lopatin 2000 boreosinica Lopatin 2004 borochorensis Lopatin 2000 burchana Lopatin 1996 changaica Lopatin 1963

371

claripes Lopatin 2002 coerulans piffli Lopatin 1967 daccordii Lopatin 2000 dalailamai Lopatin 1998 davidiani Lopatin 2002 dolini Lopatin 1999 elbursica Lopatin 1981 fascinatrix Lopatin 1998 glebi Lopatin 1988 globicollis Lopatin 1970 helenae Lopatin 1968 juldusana Lopatin 1962 kabaki Lopatin 1988 kaikana Lopatin 1992 kataevi Lopatin 2000 katarinae Lopatin 1965 katonica Lopatin 1988 ketmenica Lopatin 1970 kiritschenkoi Lopatin 1970 koktumensis Lopatin & Kulenova 1987 kozlovi Lopatin 1988 kryzhanovskii Lopatin 1968 kuldzhensis Lopatin 1976 lehri Lopatin 1970 luchti Lopatin 2000 medvedevi Lopatin 1970 mohri Lopatin 1970 mongolensis Lopatin 1966 naratica Lopatin 2000 oirota Lopatin 1990 oschanini Lopatin 1965 petrenkoi Lopatin 1992 Pseudocrosita (subg.) Lopatin 1999 regeli Lopatin 2002 rotundata Lopatin 2002 sacarum embiensis Lopatin 1996 sarcandica Lopatin 1990 sichuanica Lopatin 2002 tani Lopatin 1998 tastavica Lopatin 1992 tekesica Lopatin 2002 tshatkalica Lopatin 1970 undulata asperata Lopatin 1990 unicolor alaiensis Lopatin 1993 valichanovi Lopatin 1990

372

Contributions to Systematics and Biology of Beetles montivaga Lopatin 1987 potanini Lopatin 2002 puncticollis Lopatin 1999 recticollis Lopatin 1995 rufipes Lopatin 2002 striata Lopatin 2004 sussamyrica Lopatin 1982 tarbagataica Lopatin 1968 transalaica Lopatin 1965 transiliensis Lopatin 1976 wangi Lopatin 2002 yunnana Lopatin 2004 zaslavskii Lopatin 1976 Oreomelina (subg.) Lopatin 2004 Galerucinae Farsogaleruca Lopatin 1981 insperabilis Lopatin 1981 rufina Lopatin 1981 Galerucella ornatipennis Lopatin 2002 vartiani Lopatin 1967 Liroetis aeneoviridis Lopatin 2004 belousovi Lopatin 2004 postmaculatus Lopatin 2004 Hyphaenia konstantinovi Lopatin 2004 Gallerucida rufoflava Lopatin 2004 Mimastracella vietnamica Lopatin 2002 Mimastra tenebrosa Lopatin 2004 tenuelimbata Lopatin 2004 Vietocerus Lopatin 2003 kabakovi Lopatin 2003 mirandus Lopatin 2003 Euluperus hermonensis Lopatin 1997 Luperus margaritae Lopatin 1990 silfverbergi Lopatin 1984 Clerotilia sichuanica Lopatin 2002 Cneorella bicoloripennis Lopatin 2003 Calomicrus darvazicus Lopatin 1975 friedmani Lopatin 2002 ghilarovi Lopatin 1988 kaszabi Lopatin 1963 nairicus Lopatin 1990 ochraceus Lopatin 2002 palii Lopatin 1965 patanicus Lopatin 1966

verestschaginae Lopatin 1992 Vittatochrysa (subg.) Lopatin 1976 viridiopaca Lopatin 2004 yupeiyuae Lopatin 1993 Phaedon kabakovi Lopatin 1998 limbatus Lopatin 2002 magnificus Lopatin 1985 subtilis opacus Lopatin 1976 Hydrothassa marginella eoa Lopatin 1962 Plagiodera versicolorea laevicollis Lopatin 1962 Gonioctena israelita Lopatin & Friedman 2003 Phratora kabaki Lopatin 2002 mirabilis Lopatin 2002 reitteri Lopatin 1962 Xenomela ballioni Lopatin 1989 belousovi Lopatin 1989 karatavica Lopatin 1989 konstantinovi Lopatin 1995 laevigata Lopatin 1989 minckwitzae kreutzbergi Lopatin 1989 minckwitzae pskemica Lopatin 1989 ovczinnikovi Lopatin 1995 Entomoscelis deserticola Lopatin 1967 pilula Lopatin 1967 Cyrtonastes grandis Lopatin 1995 Oreomela arnoldii Lopatin 1974 belousovi Lopatin 2002 borealis Lopatin 1999 borochorensis Lopatin 2002 cheni Lopatin 2002 dolini Lopatin 2005 dzhungara Lopatin 1990 dzhungara mitjaevi Lopatin 1996 gansuica Lopatin 2002 gracilis Lopatin 1999 invisa Lopatin 1962 joliveti Lopatin 1976 juldusana Lopatin 1962 kabaki Lopatin 1995 kaszabi Lopatin 1962 korotjaevi Lopatin 1983 kungeica Lopatin 1976 medvedevi Lopatin 1968 meridionalis Lopatin 1967 mirabilis Lopatin 1998

List of Taxa Described by I. K. Lopatin sugonjaevi Lopatin 1983 vanharteni Lopatin 2001 wilcoxi Lopatin 1984 Monolepta afghana Lopatin 1963 napolovi Lopatin 2003 Pushtunaltica Lopatin 1962 klapperichi Lopatin 1962 Trichomimastra atriceps Lopatin 1979 vietnamica Lopatin 2003 Hoplasomedia mauliki Lopatin 1962 Sichuania (subgen.) Lopatin 2002 Alticinae Phyllotreta andreevae Lopatin 1992 astrachanica Lopatin 1977 bartanga Lopatin 1966 beschkentica Lopatin 1961 buchtarmensis Lopatin 1990 erysimi tekensis Lopatin 1992 eryslmi iranella Lopatin 1990 gurskii Lopatin 1966 konevi Lopatin 1985 krali Lopatin 1990 lubischevi Lopatin 1992 paradoxa Lopatin 1956 tomboi Lopatin 1967 ustulata Lopatin 1961 Aphthona imitatrix Lopatin 1963 hissarica Lopatin 1975 konstantinovi Lopatin 1998 reinecki Lopatin 1963 Longitarsus acuticollis Lopatin 1976 afghanicus Lopatin 1963 awadi Lopatin 2001 excisipennis Lopatin 1967 gerhardi Lopatin 1979 hissaricus Lopatin 2000 hoberlandti Lopatin 1990 imitator Lopatin 1967 indigonaceus Lopatin 1963 kophir Lopatin 1966 maracandicus Lopatin 1966 melanoxanthus Lopatin 1963 mohri Lopatin 1963 primaeveris Lopatin 1967 salarius Lopatin 1985 seriepunctatus Lopatin 1966 sogdianus Lopatin 1956 tschikatunovi Lopatin 1966 turcomanorum Lopatin 1967 Altica aeneola Lopatin 1956 mohri Lopatin 1990 nuristanica Lopatin 1963 talassicola Lopatin 1976 Phygasia potanini Lopatin 1995 Mantura mesasiatica Lopatin 1965 Chaetocnema jelineki Lopatin 1990 kabakovi Lopatin 1995 klapperichi Lopatin 1963 ljudmilae Lopatin 1961 oblonga Lopatin 1990 Dibolia mesasiatica Lopatin 1965 Pentamesa kondarensis Lopatin 1956 kondarensis arnoldi Lopatin 1996 Maulika bengalica Lopatin 1984 Psyllobactra (subg.) Lopatin 1976 Psylliodes baluchistana Lopatin 1990 kasyi Lopatin 1967 konstantinovi Lopatin 1997 pubipennis Lopatin 1958 Hispinae Dicladispa iranica Lopatin 1984 Cassidinae Cassida arata Lopatin 1970 medvedevi Lopatin 1965 Rhytidocassis iranella Lopatin 1984

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PENSOFT Publishers Sofia Moscow

Papers Celebrating the 80th Birthday of Igor Konstantinovich Lopatin, pp. 377-389

Konstantinov, Tishechkin, Penev (eds.) 2005 List of Publications of K. Lopatin 377 Contributions to I. Systematics and Biology of Beetles

List of Publications of I. K. Lopatin


1950 Lopatin, I. K. Ecological and faunistic characterization of leaf beetles of southern Trans-Dniepr region. Abstract Ph. D. Dissertation. Odessa St. Univ. P. 1-7. (in Russian) 1952 Lopatin, I. K. New Palearctic species of leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae). Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc., Biol. dep., 57 (4): 27-29. (in Russian) 1953 Lopatin, I. K. Ecological and geographical analysis of insect fauna of intrasonal habitats from steppe zone in Ukraine. Transaction of biol. fac. of Odessa St. Univ., 6: 129-138. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. New species of leaf beetles of the genus Cryptocephalus Geoffr. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Rev. Entom., 33: 308-310. (in Russian) 1954 Lopatin, I. K. New forms of leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae) of the Palearctic. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc., Biol. dep., 5: 96-98. (in Russian) 1956 Lopatin, I. K. New species of leaf beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) from Tadjikistan. Proceedings of Acad. Sci. Tadjikistan, 16: 71-72. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. Data on leaf beetle fauna (Chrysomelidae) of Tadjikistan. Proceedings of Acad. Sci. Tadjikistan, 17: 35-41. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. New and little known species of leaf beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) from USSR and adjacent countries. Bull. of Nat. Sci dep. of Acad. Sci. Tadjikistan, 16: 157-163. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. Data on leaf beetle fauna (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) of Central Asia. Proceedings of Acad. Sci. Tadjikistan, 18: 43-49. (in Russian) 1958 Lopatin, I. K. New species of leaf beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) from Tadjikistan. Report III. Proceedings of Acad. Sci. Tadjikistan, 1 (1): 53-56. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. Data on leaf beetle fauna (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) of Central Asia. II. Proceedings of Acad. Sci. Tadjikistan, 1 (2): 31-35. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. Fauna and ecological groups of insects of broad-leaved forests of Gissaro-Darvaz mountain ridge. Sci. memoirs of Tadjikistan St. Univ., Transaction of Nat. Sci. fac., 17 (3): 31-37. (in Russian)

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Contributions to Systematics and Biology of Beetles

1959 Lopatin, I. K. Leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae) of valleys of southern Tadjikistan. Transaction of Zool. and Parasitol. Ins. of Acad. Sci. Tadjikistan, CXV. Reserve Tigrovaja balka, 1: 47-56. (in Russian) 1960 Lopatin, I. K. Genus Thelyterotarsus Wse. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) in Tadjikistan and adjacent parts of Central Asia. Proceedings of Acad. Sci. Tadjikistan, 3 (2): 37-40. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. Data on fauna and ecology of leaf beetle (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) of southern TransDniepr. Rev. Entom., 39 (3): 629-642. (in Russian) 1961 Medvedev S. I. and Lopatin, I. K. Fauna of Lamellicornia (Coleoptera, Lamellicornia) of Tadjikistan and adjacent regions of Central Asia. Transaction of Zool. and Parasitol. Ins. of Acad. Sci. Tadjikistan, 20: 123-148. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. Data on leaf beetle fauna (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) of Central Asia. Report III. Transaction of Zool. and Parasitol. Ins. of Acad. Sci. Tadjikistan, 20: 97-105. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. New family of Coleoptera (Sogdiidae, fam. nov.) from Tadjikistan. Bull. of Agricult. and Biol. dep. of Acad. Sci. Tadjikistan, 1 (4): 121-125. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. Two new species of flea beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Halticinae) from Tadjikistan. Rev. Entom., 40 (1): 144-146. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. New species of leaf beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) from Tadjikistan. Zool. Journ., 40 (2): 201-206. (in Russian) 1962 Lopatin, I. K. New Central Asian species of the genus Stylosomus Suffr. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Proceedings of Acad. Sci. Tadjikistan, 5 (2): 49-51. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. Leaf beetle fauna (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) of Afghanistan. Zool. Journ., 41 (12): 18111816. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. Neue Palaearktische Chrysomeliden aus der Sammlung des Ungarischen Naturwissenschaftlichen Museums in Budapest. Ann. hist.-naturales Musei Nation. Hungarici, 54: 319-326. 1963 Lopatin, I. K. Description of larva of Clytra opaca Jcbs. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) from Tadjikistan. Proceedings of Acad. Sci. Tadjikistan, 6 (2): 43-45. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. New species of leaf beetle of the genus Jaxartiolus Jcbs. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) from Kazakhstan. Rev. Entom., 42 (4): 855-857. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. Data on leaf beetle fauna (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) of Central Asia. 4. Transaction of Zool. and Parasitol. Ins. of Acad. Sci. Tadjikistan, 24: 116-123. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. Revision du genre Chrysochares Mor. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Acta Societ. entom. echoslov., 60 (4), 296-303. Lopatin, I. K. Die Chrysomeliden (Coleoptera) Afghanistans auf Grund der Ergebnisse der Forschungsreise des Herrn J. Klapperich in den Jahren 1952/ 53. Ann. hist.-naturales Musei Nation. Hungarici, 55: 349-378.

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1964 Lopatin, I. K. Leaf beetles from south of Central Asia and Nothern Afghanistan. Thesis of Dr. Sci., L.: 126. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. Ergebnisse der zoologischen Forschungen von Dr. Z. Kazsab in der Mongolei. 17. Chrysomelidae, partim (Coleoptera). Folia entom. Hungarica, 17 (24): 365-373. 1965 Lopatin, I. K. New species of leaf beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) from Tadjikistan. Proceedings of Acad. Sci. Tadjikistan, 8 (1): 38-41. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. Data on leaf beetle fauna (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) from Kirghizia. Entom. transaction of Acad. Sci.Kirghizia, 3: 8-13. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. Systematics of the genus Cryptocephalus Geoffr. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Acta entom. bohemoslovaca, 62 (6): 451-457. (in Russian) 1966 Lopatin, I. K. New species of leaf beetles of the subfamily Halticinae (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) from Central Asia. Proceedings of Acad. Sci. Tadjikistan, 9 (8): 45-48. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. Ergebnisse der zoologischen Forschungen von Dr. Z. Kaszab in der Mongolei. 71. Chrysomelidae II. Reichenbachia, Dresden, 7 (25): 229-239. Lopatin, I. K. Die Chrysomeliden Afghanistans. 2. Beitrag zur Kenntniss der afghanischen Chrysomelidenfauna. Ann. hist.-naturales Musei Nation. Hungarici, pars zoologica, 58: 361-369. 1967 Lopatin, I. K. Data on systematics of leaf beetles of subfamily Cryptocephalinae (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) of Central Asia and Kazakhstan. Rev. Entom., 46 (1): 212-221. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. New Central Asian species of the genus Longitarsus Latr. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Halticinae). Bull. of Nat. Sci dep. of Acad. Sci. Tadjikistan, 4 (29): 112-116. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. Review of species of the genus Entomoscelis Chevr. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) of the USSR fauna. Zool. Journ., 46 (6): 951-954. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. Beitrge zur Kenntniss der Fauna Afghanistans. Chrysomelidae, Coleoptera. Acta Musei Moraviae, Brno, 52: 161-168. Lopatin, I. K. Ergebnisse der zoologischen Forschungen von Dr. Kaszab in der Mongolei. 106. Chrysomelidae der III. Expedition. Reichenbachia, 9 (18): 157-169. Lopatin, I. K. sterreichische entomologische Expeditionen nach Persien und Afghanistan. Beitrge zur Coleopterologie. Teil V: Chrysomelidae. Ann. Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, 70: 437-441. Lopatin, I. K. Neue Chrysomeliden-Arten aus Pakistan (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Entom. Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey, Tutzing. 18: 323-326. 1968 Lopatin, I. K. High-mountainous entomofauna of Central Asia, its ecological characteristic and genesis. XIII International Entom. congress. Abstracts, p. 151. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. New species of leaf beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) of Central Asia and Kazakhstan fauna. Rev. Entom., 57 (3): 541-552. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. Ergebnisse der zoologischen Forschungen von Dr. Kaszab in der Mongolei. 144. Chrysomelidae IV. Reichenbachia, 11 (19): 207-220.

380

Contributions to Systematics and Biology of Beetles

1969 Lopatin, I. K. Ecological characteristic and genesis of high-mountainous entomofauna of Central Asia. Bull. of Acad. Sci. Tadjikistan, 3 (36): 16-21. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. Beitrge zur Kenntnis der Fauna Afghanistans. Chrysomelidae, Coleoptera (Nachtrag). Acta Musei Moraviae, Brno, 54: 199-204. 1970 Lopatin, I. K. Review of species of the genus Chrysomela of subgenus Pezocrosita Jcbs. of Central Asia and Kazakhstan fauna (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Rev. Entom., 49 (1): 183-196. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. Materials on ecological characteristic of leaf beetles from south of Central Asia. Fauna and ecology of insects of Central Asia, Dushanbe, Irfon: 45-62. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. Ergebnisse der zoologischen Forschungen von Dr. Kaszab in der Mongolei. 187. Chrysomelidae der Expedition. Reichenbachia, Dresden, 12 (25): 249-258. 1971 Lopatin, I. K. Review of species of the genus Cryptocephalus Gffr. of Kazakhstan (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Fauna and biology of insects of Kazakhstan, Transaction of Zool. Ins. of Acad. Sci. Tadjikistan, 32: 6790. (in Russian) (coauth. K.Z. Kulenova). Lopatin, I. K. Special features of speciation in conditions of dissected relief. Vestnik Bel. St. Univ., 2: 2729. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. High-mountainous entomofauna of Central Asia, its ecological characteristic and genesis. XIII International Entom. congress, Transactions, L., Nauka, 1: 168. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. Ergebnisse der Zoologischen Forschungen von Dr. Kaszab in der Mongolei (Coleoptera). 232. Chrysomelidae VI. Faunistische Abhandl. Staatl. Museum fr Tierkunde in Dresden. 3 (18): 219-233. 1972 Lopatin, I. K. Review of species of the genus Gnathomela Jcbs. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Rev. Entom., 51 (2): 346-351. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. Leaf beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) of low mountains of Tadjikistan. Rev. Entom., 51 (3): 588-594. (in Russian) 1974 Lopatin, I. K. Leaf beetles of the genus Stylosomus Sffr. of USSR fauna. Vestnik Bel. St. Univ., ser. II (2): 4548. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. Family of leaf beetles Chrysomelidae. In: Insects and mites pests of agricultural crops; II. Coleoptera. Nauka, L.: 157-196. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. Two new species of leaf beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) from Mongolia. Insects of Mongolia. L., Nauka, 2: 176-178. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. Review of leaf beetles of the genus Pachybrachis Rdt. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) of Central Asia and Kazakhstan. Rev. Entom., 53 (3): 651-661. (in Russian) 1975 Lopatin, I. K. New species of leaf beetles from southern Tadjikistan (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Bull. of Acad. Sci. Tadjikistan, 3 (60): 45-51. (in Russian)

List of Publications of I. K. Lopatin

381

Lopatin, I. K. Leaf beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) of Mongolian People Republic. Insects of Mongolia. L., Nauka, 3: 191-232. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. Correlation of zoogeographical and phytogeographical divisions of mountainous Central Asia. Important questions of zoogeography. VI All-Union zoogeograph. conf., Kishinjev: 147-148. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. Ergebnisse der Bhutan-Expedition 1972 des Naturhistorischen Museums in Basel. Coleoptera: Fam. Chrysomelidae, Subfam. Cryptocephalinae. Entom. Basiliensia, 1: 367-369. 1976 Lopatin, I. K. Chorology and structure of the ecosystem of the Pamirs. High altitude geoecology, IGAN, M.: 33-36. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. New and little known leaf beetles of USSR fauna (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Rev. Entom., 55 (1): 105-116. (in Russian) Agakhanyanz A. and Lopatin, I. K. Chorology and structure of the ecosystem of the Pamirs. Extendet Abstract for Pre-Congress Symposium on High Altitude Geoecology, 33-37.

1977 Lopatin, I. K. Leaf beetles of Central Asia and Kazakhstan (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Nauka, L.: 1268 pp. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. Mongolian species of the genus Thelyterotarsus (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Zool. Journ., 56 (1): 169-171. Lopatin, I. K. Two new species of leaf beetles of the subfamily Cryptocephalinae from Mongolia (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Insects of Mongolia, Nauka, L., 5: 304-307. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. New and little known species of leaf beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) of European part of the USSR. New and little known species of insects of European part of USSR, Acad. Sci. of the USSR, L.: 30-34. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. Systematic structure and zoogeographic characterisctic of leaf beetles fauna of European part of the USSR. VII International symposium on entomofauna of Central Europe. Abstracts. L.: 6061. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. New genus and species of leaf beetles of the subfamily Eumolpinae (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) from Turkmenia. Transaction of ZIN of Acad. Sci. USSR, 71: 53-54. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. New subgenus of leaf beetles of the genus Cryptocephalus Geoffr. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) from Gindukush. Bull. of Acad. Sci. Tadjikistan, Nat. Sci dep., 4 (63): 72-73. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. Weitere Beitrge zur Kenntnis der Chrysomeliden-Fauna der Mongolei (Coleoptera). Ergebnisse der Zoologischen Forschungen von Dr. Z. Kaszab in der Mongolei, Nr. 408. Ann. hist.natur. Musei nation. Hungarici, 69: 153-155. Lopatin, I. K. Eine neue Cryptocephalus-Art aus Iran (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Mitteilungen Entom. Gesellschaft Basel, N. F./ 27: 116-118. 1978 Agakhanyantz A. and I. K. Lopatin, Main characteristics of the ecosystem of the Pamirs, USSR. Arctic and Alpine Research, 10 (2): 397-407.

382

Contributions to Systematics and Biology of Beetles

1979 Lopatin, I. K. Systematic structure and zoogeographycal characterisctic of leaf beetles fauna (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) of European part of the USSR. VII International symposium on entomofauna of Central Europe. Proceedings. L.: 179-182. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. Results and prospects of leaf beetles research of the Soviet Union. Fauna and ecology of insects of Byelorussia. Nauka i Tekhnika, Minsk: 106-113. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. and M. Seperteladze. New and little known leaf beetles for Georgian fauna (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Publications of Acad. Sci. Georgia, 94 (2): 461-463. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. New genus and new species of leaf beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) from Iran. Rev. Entom., 58 (3): 586-589. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. Insects of Saudi Arabia. Coleoptera: Fam. Chrysomelidae, Subfam. Cryptocephalinae. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 1: 299-303. Lopatin, I. K. Neue und wenig bekannte Chrysomeliden (Coleoptera) von Nord-Indien aus der Sammlung des Naturhistorischen Museums Basel. Entom. Basiliensia, 4: 431-441. 1980 Lopatin, I. K. Leaf beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) of Iran. Results of Czechoslovak-Iranian expedition 1973. I. Rev. Entom., 59 (3): 613-623. (in Russian) Matusevich S. A. and Lopatin, I. K. Changes of leaf beetle species composition in connection with land improvement of meadow-marsh habitats in Byelorussia. Influence of human activities on invertebrates, Nauka i Tekhnika, Minsk, 60-65. (in Russian) 1981 Matusevich, S. A., A. S. Konstantinov, and I. K. Lopatin. New records of leaf beetles for BSSR. Vestnik Bel. St. Univ., ser. II, 2: 25-27. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. Moroz, M. D. and A. S. Konstantinov. New species of coleoptera for the USSR and BSSR fauna. Vestnik Bel. St. Univ., ser. II, 2: 72-73. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. Ergebnisse der tschechoslovakisch-iranischen Entom. Expeditionen nach dem Iran (1970). Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae. Acta Entom. Musei Nationalis Pragae, 40: 371-376. Lopatin, I. K. Correlation of Central Asian and Iranian faunas. Problems of general entomology. Transaction of All-Union Ent. Soc., L., Nauka, 63: 79-81. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. New genera and species of leaf beetles from Iran. Results of Czechoslovak-Iranian expedition in 1973. Part II. Rev. Entom., 60 (3): 623-628. (in Russian) 1982 Lopatin, I. K. Chrysomeliden Afghanistans aus den Sammlungen des Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Verona (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Boll. Mus. Civ. St. Nat. Verona, VIII: 255-263. Lopatin, I. K. bersicht der Cryptocephalus-Arten der Gruppe exsulans Suffr. aus dem Himalaya (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cryptocephalinae). Entom. Basiliensia, 7: 413-426. Lopatin, I. K. Two new species of leaf beetles from Kazakhstan. Bull. of Acad. Sci. KazSSR, ser. Biology, 6: pp. 43-45. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. Insects of Oman. Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Subfam. Cryptocephalinae. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 4: 465-467.

List of Publications of I. K. Lopatin

383

1983 Lopatin, I. K. New species of leaf beetles from Central Asia and South-Eastern Kazakhstan. Rev. Entom., 62 (1): 91-94. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. Insects of Saudi Arabia. Coleoptera: Fam. Chrysomelidae, Subfam. Cryptocephalinae and Eumolpinae (Part 2). Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 5: 205-209. 1984 Lopatin, I. K. Leaf beetles of Iran. Results of Czechoslovak-Iranian expeditions in 1973-1977. III. Rev. Entom., 63 (1): 79-93. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. Zwei neue Arten der Chr ysomeliden (Coleoptera) aus dem Ungarischen Naturwissenschaftlichen Museum. Ann. histor.-natur. Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 76: 197-199. Lopatin, I. K. Chrysomelidae aus dem Himalaja (Coleoptera). Entom. Basiliensia, 9: 328-339. Lopatin, I. K. Leaf beetles of Iran. Example of zoogeographic characteristics of fauna. IX Congress of All-Union Ent. Soc. Abstracts, part 2, Kiev, p. 22. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. Leaf Beetles (Chrysomelidae) of Central Asia and Kazakhstan. Oxonian Press, New DehliCalcutta, 1-416 pp. 1985 Lopatin, I. K. Genesis and range expansion of alpine genus Oreomela in Mid and Central Asia. VIII AllUnion conference. Abstracts, L.: 415-416. M. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. and K. Z. Kulenova. Three new species of leaf beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) from Kazakhstan. Bull. of Acad. Sci. KazSSR, ser. Biology, 1: 47-49. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. Leaf beetles of Iran. Results of Czechoslovak-Iranian expeditions in 1973-1977. IV. Rev. Entom., 64 (4): 760-772. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. Neue Coleoptera aus Irak: Fam. Chrysomelidae, Subfam. Clytrinae, Cryptocephalinae, Eumolpinae and Chrysomelinae. Ann. Entomologici Fennici, 51 (4): 109-110. 1986 Lopatin, I. K. and K. Z. Kulenova. Leaf beetles of Kazakhstan. Nauka KazSSR, Alma-Ata, 199 pp. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. New species of leaf beetles of subfamily Cryptocephalinae (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) of USSR fauna. Vestnik Zool., 1: 25-29. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. Leaf beetles of Belarus and Baltic countries. Minsk, Vysheishaya Shkola, 130 pp. (in Russian) 1987 Lopatin, I. K. New species of leaf beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) from mountainous Central Asia. Vestnik Zool., 1: 82-85. (in Russian) Konstantinov, A. S. and I. K. Lopatin. Comparative morphological study of metendosternite of leaf beetles of subfam. Alticinae (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Rev. Entom., 66 (2): 247-255 (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. New subgenus and species of the genus Thelyterotarsus (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) from Shri-Lanka. Rev. Zool., 66 (5): 778-780. (in Russian)

384

Contributions to Systematics and Biology of Beetles

Lopatin, I. K. and K. Z. Kulenova. New species of leaf beetles of the genus Chrysolina Motsch. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) from high mountains of South-Eastern Kazakhstan. Bull. of Acad. Sci. KazSSR, ser. Biology, 4: 39-40. (in Russian) 1988 Lopatin, I. K. Asionus Lopatin, nom. n. (pro Asiopus Lopatin, 1965). Vestnik Zool., 2: 8. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. New Palearctic species of leaf beetles of the genus Chrysolina Mtsch. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Rev. Entom., 67 (3): 585-592. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. and A. Konstantinov. Die Chrysomeliden (Coleoptera) vom europischen Teil der UdSSR und Kaukasus. XII International symposium on entomofauna of Central Europe, Kiev, p. 98. Lopatin, I. K. Calomicrus ghilarovi sp.n. and its related species from Central Asia and Iran (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Systematics of insects and mites. (Transactions of All-Union. Ent. Soc., 70). L., Nauka, 65-67. (in Russian) 1989 Lopatin, I. K. Zoogeography. A text-book for students of biological specialities of the universities. Minsk, High school, 1-318 pp. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. Genus Xenomela Weise (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) and its position in tribe Entomoscelini. Problems of systematics of Coleoptera. Transactions of ZIN of Acad. Sci. USSR, L. 208: 110-124. (in Russian) 1990 Lopatin, I. K. New and little known species of leaf beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) of Kazakhstan. Systematics and biology of insects of Kazakhstan. Transaction of Zool. Ins. of Acad. Sci. KazSSR, 45: 46-58. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. New and little known species of leaf beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) of USSR fauna. News of faunistics and systematics. Kiev, Nauka conc.: 48-51. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. Oedemeride beetles (Oedemeridae) of Belarussian fauna. Fauna and ecology of Belarus, Nauka i Tekhnika, Minsk: 173-175. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. Fauna of leaf beetles of subfamily Alticinae (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) of Iran. Results of Czechoslovak-Iranian expeditions in 1970-1977. Rev. Entom., 69 (3): 598-608. (in Russian) 1991 Lopatin, I. K. New species of the genus Pachybrachis (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) of Palearctic fauna with notes on synonymy. Vestnik Zool., 2: 23-27. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. Zwei neue Cryptocephalus-Arten aus Sdasien (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Entom. Basiliensia, 14: 403-406. Lopatin, I. K. and A. S. Konstantinov. Data on fauna and systematics of leaf beetles of Caucasus (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). New and little known insects from Caucasus, I, Mahachkala, 31-50. (in Russian) 1992 Lopatin, I. K. Data on systematics of leaf beetles of the genus Thelyterotarsus Wse. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) of Trans-Caucasian, Central Asia and Kazakhstan. Rev. Entom., 71 (2): 395-404. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. Review of leaf beetles species of the genus Chrysolina, related to Ch. brevilata (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) from Tian-Shan. Zool. Journ., 71 (5): 66-71. (in Russian)

List of Publications of I. K. Lopatin

385

Lopatin, I. K. New species of leaf beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) from South-Eastern Kazakhstan. Zool. Journ., 6: 72-74. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. and A. S. Konstantinov. On the taxonomy of Phyllotreta of Palearctic region. Spixiana, 15 (3): 261-267. 1993 Lopatin, I. K. Eine neue Labidostomis-Art aus Israel. Spixiana, 16 (2): 169-170. Lopatin, I. K. Zwei neue Chrysolina-Arten aus sb-ostlichen Kazakhstan (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Elytron, 6: 5-9. Lopatin, I. K. Intrazonal habitats as centers of biological diversity in arid zones of Eurasia. Vestnik Bel. St. Univ., ser. II, 3: 29-32. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. Genesis of high moumtainous entomofaunae of Middle and Central Asia (with example of leaf beetle tribe Entomoscelini). In: Advances of entomology in USSR: ecology and faunistic, small orders of insects. ZIN Russ. Acad. Sci., Rev. Entom., Snt-Pt.: 39-40. (in Russian) 1994 Lopatin, I. K. Biological diversity: entomofauna of Belarus and problems of research. Vestnik Bel. St. Univ., ser. II, 1: 3-6. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. and A. Konstantinov. New species of Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) from Palearctic and Oriental Regions. Lambillionea, 94 (4): 524-530. 1995 Lopatin, I. K. and S. D. Matvejev. Kratka zoogeografija. I. Knjiga. Universitetski udbenik. Ljubljana, 166 pp. Lopatin, I. K. Zoogeografija. Kragujevac, 259 pp. Lopatin, I. K. New species of leaf beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) from Central Asia. Fauna and systematics. Transaction of Zool. Mus. Bel. St. Univ., Minsk, Nauka i Tekhnika, 1: 174-180. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. and A. S. Konstantinov. New data on fauna and systematics of leaf beetles of Caucasus (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Fauna and systematics. Transaction of Zool. Mus. Bel. St. Univ., Minsk, Nauka i Tekhnika, 1: 180-200. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. New species of the genus Pachybrachis (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cryptocephalinae) from Central Asia. Vestnik Zool., 1: 18-22. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. New and little known leaf beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) from Southern and Eastern Asia. Rev. Entom., 74 (1): 97-104. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. Typenrevision der von Josef Breit beschriebenen Ischyromus-Arten. Spixiana, 18 (3): 259-262. Lopatin, I. K. Neue Cryptocephalinen und Chlamisinen der indischen Region (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Entom. Basiliensia, 18: 455-466. Lopatin, I. K. Contribution to the systematics of leaf beetles of the genus Thelyterotarsus Wse. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) from Transcaucasia, Central Asia and Kazakhstan. Rev. Entom., 74 (5): 23-32. 1996 Aleksandrovich, O. R., I. K. Lopatin, A. D. Pisanenko, A. Tsinkevich, and S. M. Snitko. Catalogue of Coleoptera (Coleoptera, Insecta) of Belarus. Foundation for fundamental research of Belarus Republic, Minsk, 1-130 pp. (in Russian)

386

Contributions to Systematics and Biology of Beetles

Lopatin, I. K. High altitude fauna of the Chrysomelidae of Central Asia: biology and biogeography. Biology of Chrysomelidae, SPB Academic Publishing, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 3-12. Lopatin, I. K. Paracoenobius gressitti gen. et sp. n. from the Fiji Islands (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Zoosystem. Rossica, 4: 153-154. Lopatin, I. K. New and little known leaf beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) of the Palearctic. Descriptions and synonimical notes. Rev. Entom., 75 (3): 637-642. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. New and little known Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) from South and East Asia. Rev. Entom., 75 (2): 61-69. Lopatin, I. K. New and little known leaf beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) of the Palearctic, descriptions of new species and subspecies, and synonimical notes. Rev. Entom., 76 (5): 665-670. 1997 Lopatin, I. K. Genus Callipta (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Zool. Journ., 76 (2): 168-172. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. Diversity of animal kingdom: past, present, problems of preservation. Soros educational Journ., 7: 18-24. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K., O. R. Aleksandrovich, and E. I. Hotko. Invertebrates of National Park Pripjatskij: order Coleoptera. Plant Protection Ins. Acad. Sci. Belarus and Bel. Ent. Soc. Minsk, 59-128. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. New species of leaf beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) of Asian fauna. Rev. Entom., 76 (2): 363-377. (in Russian) Pavliek, T., V. I. Chikatunov, Lopatin, I. K., and E. Nevo. New records of leaf beetles from Israel. Phytoparasitica, 25 (4): 337-338. Lopatin, I. K. and V. I. Chikatunov. The Cryptocephalinae (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) of Israel, Jordan and the Sinai part of Egypt. Israel Journ. of Entomology, 31: 97-119. Lopatin, I. K. New species of Cryptocephalinae from the Philippine and Fiji Islands (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Zoosystem. Rossica, 6 (1/2): 269-274. 1998 Lopatin, I. K. Alpine fauna of leaf beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) of Central and Mid Asia. In: Problems of entomology in Russia, II. Sci. Transaction, Russ. Entom. Soc., Snt-Pt.: 10-11. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. Aphthona konstantinovi sp. n. In: A. Konstantinov. Revision of the Palearctic species of Aphthona Chevr. and cladistic classification of the Aphthonini. Associated Publishers. USA, p. 132. Lopatin, I. K. Data on systematics of leaf beetles of subfamily Chrysomelinae (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Rev. Entom., 77 (4): 826-834. (in Russian) 1999 Lopatin, I. K. Biology and biogeography of desert leaf beetles of Central Asia. Advances in Chrysomelidae Biology I. Backhuys Publishes, Leiden, The Netherlands, 159-168. Lopatin, I. K. Data on leaf beetles of subfamilies Cryptocephalinae and Chrysomelinae (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) of Kazakhstan and Central Asia. Rev. Entom., 78 (4): 887-895. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. Descriptions of new species and synonimical notes on the genus Cryptocephalus Geoffr. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Vestnik Zool., 4-5: 87-90. (in Russian) 2000 Lopatin, I. K. and V. I. Chikatunov. Two new species of Cryptocephalus from the Israel (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Zoosyst. Rossica, 8: 329-330.

List of Publications of I. K. Lopatin

387

Chikatunov, V. I., T. Pavliek, I. K. Lopatin, and E. Nevo. Biodiversity and microclimatic divergence of Chrysomelid beetles at Evolution Canjon, Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. Biolog. Journ. of the Linnean Soc. London, 69: 139-152. Konstantinov, A. S. and I. K. Lopatin. Review of the Longitarsus asperifoliarum group of species (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Alticinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin, 54 (2): 200-220 Lopatin, I. K. and V. I. Chikatunov. Rhaebus amnoni n.sp. The first representative of the Central-Asian genus Rhaebus in Israel (Coleoptera, Bruchidae). Mitt. internat. Entom. Ver. Frankfurt a. M., 25 (1/2): 31-34. Lopatin, I. K. Review of species of the subgenus Colaphoptera Motsch. of the genus Chrysolina Motsch. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) of Caucasus and Southern Turkey. Rev. Entom., 79 (4): 858-864. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. and K. Dovgajlo. Cryptocephalus (Chrysomelidae) of Palearctic Region. Minsk, 2000. CDROOM. Lopatin, I. K. Neue Arten der Gattung Chrysolina Motsch. aus China (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Mitt. internat. Entom. Ver. Frankfurt a. M., 25 (3/4): 129-136. 2001 Lopatin, I. K. Einige neue und wenig bekannte Cryptocephalinen-Arten (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Vestnik Zool., 35 (1): 91-93. Lopatin, I. K. Two new species of the genus Antipa (subg. Tituboea) from Israel (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Zoosystem. Rossica, 9 (2): 437-438. Lopatin, I. K. Review of Iranian species of the genus Tituboea Lacordaire, 1848 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Genus, 12 (1): 35-43. Lopatin, I. K. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Chrysomeliden des Jemen (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Mitteilungen internat. Entom. Ver., 26 (1/2): 13-19. Abdurakhmanov, G. M., I. K. Lopatin and S. I. Ismailov. Principles of zoology and zoogeography. Textbook. M., Academa, 1-496 pp. (in Russian) 2002 Lopatin, I. K. Functional zoology. A manual for students of biological speciality of Universities. Minsk, High school, 1-149 pp. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. New data on the taxonomy and distribution of leaf beetles in Israel (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Zoosystem. Rossica, 10 (2): 379-380 Lopatin, I. K. New species of leaf beetles of subfamily Chrysomelinae (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) from China. Rev. Entom., 81 (1): 111-120. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. bersicht der Ost-Mediterraren Calyptorhina-Arten mit zweifarbigen Flgeldechen (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Clytrinae). Vestnik Zool., 36 (2): 87-89. Lopatin, I. K. and O. L. Nesterova. Sibling-species in leaf beetles fauna (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) of Eastern Europe and Nothern Asia. Vestnik Bel. St. Univ., ser. II, 2: 39-42. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. New data on leaf beetles of Southern and Eastern Asia (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Descriptions and synonimical notes. Eurasian Entom. Journal, 1 (1): 83-86, (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. New species of leaf beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) from China. Part 2. Rev. Entom., 81 (4): 890-898. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. and O. L. Nesterova. Review of species of the genus Cryptocephalus Geoffr. of group flavipes F. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Eurasian Entom. Journal, 1 (2): 215-217. (in Russian)

388

Contributions to Systematics and Biology of Beetles

2003 Lopatin, I. K. New species of leaf beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) of South-Eastern Asia. Euroasian Entom. Journal, 2 (4): 301-304. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K., V. I. Chikatunov and T. Pavliek. Catalogue of the beetles (Coleoptera) in Israel and adjacent areas: 3. Chrysomelidae (except Alticinae). Zoology in the Middle East, 28: 87-112. Lopatin, I. K. New genus and two new species of leaf beetles from Vietnam (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae). Genus. Wroclaw, 14 (1): 103-107. Lopatin, I. K. and A. L. Friedman. Gonioctena israelita, a new species of leaf beetle from Israel (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Zoosystem. Rossica, 11 (2): 343-345. 2004 Lopatin, I. K. Three new species of the genus Smaragdina from China (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Zoosystematica Rossica, 13: 29-31. Lopatin, I. K. New species of leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from China and Vietnam. Eurasian Entom. Journal, 3 (3):187-191. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. New species of leaf-beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) from China. Part 3// Rev. Entom., 83 (3): 614-621. (in Russian) Lopatin, I. K. and O. Nesterova. Biology and ecology of the mountainous genera Oreomela Jcbs., Xenomela Wse. and Crosita Motsch. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae). New developments on the Biology of Chrysomelidae, ed. P. Jolivet, J. A. Santiago-Blay and M. Schmitt. Acad. Publ. Hague, 215-221. Lopatin, I. K., Aleksandrovich O. R. and A. S. Konstantinov. Check list of leaf-beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) of the Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. Olsztyn, Mantis, 343 pp. 2005 Lopatin, I. K. Oreomela dolini sp.n. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) a new species of a Central Asian genus of Leaf Beetles. Vestnik zoologii, 39 (1): 63-64.

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