In reporting questions the Indirect Speech is introduced by some such verbs as asked, inquired, etc.

When the question is not introduced by an interrogative word, the reporting verb is followed by whether or if. Direct. -- e said to me, !What are you doing "# Indirect. -- e asked me what I was doing. Direct. -- !Where do you live"# asked the stranger. Indirect. -- $he stranger enquired where I lived. Direct. -- $he policeman said to us, !Where are you going "# Indirect. -- $he policeman enquired where we were going. Direct. -- e said, !Will you listen to such a man"# Indirect. -- e asked them whether they would listen to such a man. %&r' Would they, he asked, listen to such a man " Direct. ( !Do you suppose you know better than your own father"# )eered his angry mother. Indirect. -- is angry mother )eered and asked whether he supposed that he knew better than his own father. Commands and Requests In reporting commands and requests, the Indirect Speech is introduced by some verb e*pressing command or request, and the imperative mood is changed into the Infinitive. Direct. -- +ama said to ,r)un, !-o away.# Indirect. -- +ama ordered ,r)un to go away. Direct. -- e said to him, !.lease wait here till I return.# Indirect. -- e requested him to wait there till he returned. Direct. -- !/all the first witness,# said the )udge. Indirect. -- $he )udge commanded them to call the first witness. Direct. -- e shouted, !0et me go.# Indirect. -- e shouted to them to let him go. Direct. -- e said, !1e quiet and listen to my words.# Indirect. -- e urged them to be quiet and listen to his words. Exclamations and Wishes . In reporting e*clamations and wishes the Indirect Speech is introduced by some verb e*pressing e*clamation or wish. Direct. -- e said, !,las2 I am undone.# Indirect. -- e e*claimed sadly that he was undone. Direct. -- ,lice said, ! ow clever I am2# Indirect. -- ,lice e*claimed that she was very clever. Direct. -- e said, !1ravo2 3ou have done well.# Indirect. -- e applauded him, saying that he had done well.

Direct. -- !So help me, eaven2# he cried, !I will never steal again.# Indirect. -- e called upon eaven to witness his resolve never to steal again. Exercise 104. $urn the following into Indirect Speech45. e said to me, !I have often told you not to play with fire.# 6. !3ou have all done very badly2# remarked the teacher. 7. $hey wrote, !It is time we thought about settling this matter.# 8. $he teacher promised, 9If you will come before school tomorrow, I will e*plain it. :. She wrote, !I am waiting and watching and longing for my son;s return.# <. $he e*aminer;s orders were, !=o one is to bring books into the room nor ask me questions about what I have told you to do.# >. $he dwarf said to her, !.romise me that when you are ?ueen you will give me your first-born child.# @. !$hat is my horse,# said he, !and if I do not prove it in a few minutes I will give up my claim.# A. !I will avenge your wrongs,# he cried, !I will not enter ,thens until I have punished the king who had so cruelly treated you.9 5B. e wrote and said, !I am unable to come )ust now because I am ill, but I will certainly start as soon as I am well enough to do so.# 55. &ne day he sent for /assim and said to him, !3ou are now old enough to earn your living, so you must set off, and make your own way in the world.# Exercise 105. $urn the following into Indirect Speech45. !What do you want"# he said to her. 6. e said, ! ow;s your father"# 7. !,re you coming home with me"# he asked. 8. e enquired, !When do you intend to pay me"# :. e said to us, !Why are you all sitting about there doing nothing"# <. !Do you really come from /hina"# said the prince. >. $he poor man e*claimed, !Will none of you help me"# @. !Which way did she go"# asked the young +akshas. A. ,laddin said to the magician, !What have I done to deserve so severe a blow"# 5B. !Don;t you know the way home"# asked I. 55. !Do you write a good hand"# he said. 56. ! ave you anything to say on behalf of the prisoner "#said the )udge finally. 57. !Which is the proper way to answer this question, father"# the boy enquired. 58. ! ave you anything to tell me, little bird"#. asked Clysses. 5:. $he young sparrow said, !Dother, what is that queer ob)ect"# 5<. $hen aloud he said, !$ell me, boy, is the miller within"#

5>. !Who are you, sir, and what do you want"# they cried. 5@. !Dear bird,# she said, stroking its feathers, !have you come to comfort me in my sorrow"# 5A. $he +a)ah was deeply grieved, and said to his wife, !What can I do for you"# 6B. When the sun got low, the king;s son said, !Eack, since we have no money, where can we lodge this night "# 65. She said to him, !What is it that makes you so much stronger and braver than any other man "# 66. When the 1rahmin approached, the first thief said, !Why do you carry a dog on your back " ,re you not ashamed "# Exercise 106. .ut the following in Indirect Speech45. !1ring me a drink of milk,# said the swami to the villagers. 6. !Sit down, boys,# said the teacher. 7. ! alt2# shouted the officer to his men. 8. !$ake off your hat,# the king said to the atter. :. $he teacher said to him, !Do not read so fast.# <. e said to me, !Wait until I come.# >. ! urry up,# he said to his servant, !do not waste time.# @. !+un away, children,# said their mother. A. e said, !Daughter, take my golden )ug, and fetch me some water from the Well.# 5B. !-o down to the baFaar. 1ring me some oil and a lump of ice.# ordered his master. Exercise 107. .ut the following in Indirect Speech45. !What a rare article milk is, to be sure, in 0ondon 2# said Dr. Squeers with a sigh. 6. !What a stupid fellow you are2# he angrily remarked. 7. e said, !Dy -od2 I am ruined.# 8. e said, !,las2 our foes are too strong.# :. e said, !What a laFy boy you are2 ow badly you have done your work2# <. ! ow smart you are2# she said. >. e said. !&h 2 that;s a nuisance.# @. e said, ! ow cruel of him2# A. e said, !What a pity you did not come2# 5B. !,h me2# e*claimed the ?ueen. !What a rash and bloody deed you have done2# Conversion of Indirect into irect 5B>. $he conversion of Indirect into Direct generally presents no special difficulties, as the following e*amples will show 4Indirect. -- e inquired whether his name was not ,hmed. Direct. -- e said to him, !Is not your name ,hmed "# Indirect. -- ,s the stranger entered the town, he was met by a policeman, who asked him if he was a traveller. e replied carelessly that it would appear so.

Direct. -- ,s the stranger entered the town, he was met by a policeman, who asked, !,re you a traveller"# !So it would appear,# he answered carelessly. Indirect. -- She asked how she, a girl, who could not ride or use sword or lance, could be of any help. +ather would she stay at home and spin beside her dear mother. Direct. -- She said, ! ow can I, a girl, who cannot ride or use sword or lance, be of any help" +ather would I stay at home and spin beside my dear mother"# Exercise 10!. .ut the following in Direct Speech45. e asked +ama to go with him. 6. +ama replied that he could not do so. 7. e asked his father when the ne*t letter would come. 8. is father replied that there might not be another that year. :. +ama asked me what had become of ari. <. I told him that I had not seen him for months. >. $he master requested that they would attend carefully to what he was saying. @. I wrote that I would visit him ne*t day. A. e observed that he had never liked doing that. 5B. I told them to be quiet. 55. e asked me if I had anything to say. 56. +ama asked ari if he would change places with him. 57. e said that he was tired, and that he wished to go to bed. 58. ,n old mouse asked who would bell the cat. 5:. Eohn said that he wanted to be a soldier. 5<. e asked me where I was going. 5>. e asked me what I wanted. 5@. ,bdul said that he had seen that picture. 5A. $he boy said that he would go with us. 6B. e said that the earth moves round the sun. 65. $he stranger asked ,lice where she lived. 66. I asked Dary if she would lend me a pencil. 67. e told us that he had waited an hour. 68. $he lady inquired if he was now quite well again. 6:. e said that he had come to see them. 6<. e said that though he had come, it was against his will. 6>. $he speaker said that it gave him great pleasure to be there that evening. 6@. e asked them whether they would listen to such a man. 6A. e asked me if I would accompany him. 7B. e ordered him to leave the room and forbade him to return. 75. $he mother asked her boy where he had been all the afternoon. 76. ari asked +ama if he had read the letter. 77. $he Ging asked the philosopher whom he considered the happiest man living. 78. $he magistrate asked the prisoner what he was doing with his hand in the gentleman;s pocket. 7:. $he fo* cried out to the goat that a thought had )ust come into his head.

7<. e advised his sons not to quarrel amongst themselves, when he was dead but to remain united. 7>. $he lion told the fo* that he was very weak, that his teeth had fallen out, and that he had no appetite. 7@. e replied that he had promised to reward his soldiers and that he had kept his word. 5B@. Study the following e*amples, and in each case carefully note the changes made while turning from Direct into Indirect Speech4Direct. -- $he .rince said, !It gives me great pleasure to be here this evening.# Indirect. -- $he .rince said that it gave him great pleasure to be there that evening. Direct. -- e said, !I shall go as soon as it is possible# Indirect. ( e said that he would go as soon as it was possible. .age 6<8 Direct. -- e said, !I do not wish to see any of youH go away.# Indirect. -- e said that he did not wish to see any of them and ordered them to go away. Direct. -- Dy teacher often says to me, !If you don;t work hard, you will fail.# Indirect. -- Dy teacher often says to me that if I don;t work hard I shall fail. Direct. -- e said, !We are all sinners.# Indirect. -- e said that we are all sinners. Direct. -- $he lecturer said, !,kbar won the respect of all races and classes by his )ustice.# Indirect. -- $he lecturer said that ,kbar won the respect of all races and classes by his )ustice. Direct. -- e said, !0et us wait for the award.# Indirect. -- e proposed that they should wait for the award. Direct. ( !Saint -eorge strike for us2# e*claimed the Gnight, !do the false yeomen give way"# Indirect. -- $he Gnight prayed that Saint -eorge might strike for them and asked whether the false yeomen gave way. Direct. ( !/urse it2# e*claimed the driver. !Who could have foreseen such ill-luck" 1ut for accident we should have caught the train easily.# Indirect. -- $he driver e*claimed with an oath that nobody could have foreseen such illluck. 1ut for the accident they would have caught the train easily. Direct. -- $he general, addressing his mutinous troops said, !3ou have brought disgrace upon a famous regiment. If you had grievances, why did you not lay them before your own officers" =ow you must first suffer punishment for your offence, before your complaints can be heard.# Indirect. -- $he general told his mutinous troops that they had brought disgrace upon a famous regiment. If they had grievances, why had they not laid them before their own officers" =ow they must suffer punishment for their offence before their complaints could be heard. Direct. -- $he traveller said, !/an you tell me the way to the nearest inn"# !3es,# said the peasant, !do you want one in which you can spend the night"# !=o,# replied the traveller, !I only want a meal.# Indirect. -- $he traveller asked the peasant if he could tell him the way to the nearest inn. $he peasant replied that he could, and asked whether the traveller wanted one in which he could spend the night. $he traveller answered that he did not wish to stay there, but only wanted a meal. +emark. -- It will be noticed that we have avoided the ugly phrases !replied in the affirmative# and !replied in the negative.#

Exercise 10". $urn the following into Indirect Speech45. !/heer up, mother, I;ll go and get work somewhere,# said Eack. 6. 1ut the sea-god cried, !Do not be afraid, noble prince. I have taken pity on you and will help you.# 7. !=o,# said the childH !I won;t kneel, for if I do, I shall spoil my new breeches.# 8. !What a horse are they losing for want of skill and spirit to manage him2# e*claimed ,le*ander. :. $elemachus replied, 9 ow can I drive away the mother, who bore me and nourished me"9 <. !/all no man happy,# was the reply of the philosopher, !until he has ended his life in a fitting manner.# >. $hen said the wolf to the fo*, !=ow either yield thyself as vanquished, or else certainly I will kill thee.# @. !I believe,# said he, !that we are in this country among a people whom we like and who like us.# A. he said, !$ake that bird away. Its gilded cage reminds me of my father whom I imprisoned.# 5B. !I have )ust one word to say to you,# said the dealer. !Iither make your purchase, or walk out of my shop.# 55. !Dy hour is come,# thought he. !0et me meet death like a man.# 56. !1e not cast down,# said Dentor, !remember whose son thou art, and all shall be well with thee.# 57. 1hishma said4 !1oys2 boys 2 remember you play a game. If it be ,r)una;s turn let him have it.# 58. !Jriends,# said the old man, !sit down and rest yourselves here on this bench. Dy good wife 1aucis has gone to see what you can have for supper.# 5:. !,h2 you don;t know what these beans are, said the manH if you plant them overnight, by morning they grow right up to the sky.# 5<. ! ow clever I am 2# he said. !,ll my life I have been talking prose without knowing it.# 5>. !I am old and lonely,# said she. ! ast thou no pity on my lonelines" Stay with me, my best son, for thou art yet more boy than man.# 5@. !I do not practice#, -oldsmith once saidH 9I make it a rule to prescribe only for my friends.9 9.ray, dear doctor,9 said 1eauclerk, 9alter your rule, and prescribe only for your enemies.9 5A. e said4 9Who are you to speak to me like this" I am the master. Why should I help you" It is your work, not mine, to draw the cart.9 6B. 9I cannot hope to see these trees which I am planting come in perfection,9 said the duke, 9but it is right for me to plant for the benefit of my successors.9 65. 9,re you angry, my friends,9 said the king, 9because you have lost your leader" I am your kingH I will be your leader.9 66. Said an old /rab to young one, 9Why do you walk so crooked, child" Walk straight29 9Dother,9 said the young /rab, 9show me the way, will you"9 67. 9Who are you"9 said the Deer. $he Eackal replied4 9I am Gshudrabuddhi the Eackal. I live in this forest all by myselfH I have neither friend nor relation.9

68. &ne summer some elephants were very much distressed by the heat, and said to their leader4 9We are absolutely perishing, for want of water. $he smaller animals have bathing-places but we have none. What are we to do" Where are we to go"9 6:. When the king saw him coming he said, 9.ray who are you, and what do you want "9 $he +abbit said, 9I am an ambassador from is Da)esty /handra - the Doon.9 $he Ilephant Ging replied, 9Declare your errand.9 6<. , young +a)ah once said to his KiFier, 9 ow is it that I am so often ill" I take great care of myselfH I never go out in the rainH I wear warm clothesH I eat good food. 3et I am always catching cold or getting fever.9 6>. 9Dy sons,9 said he, 9a great treasure lies hidden in the estate I am about to leave you.9 9Where is it hid"9 said the sons. 9I am about to leave you.9 said the old man, 9but you must dig for it.9 6@. 9 ow very well you speak Jrench29 0ady -riFFel said. 9I ought to know it,9 1ecky modestly said. 9I taught it in a school, and my mother was a Jrenchwoman.9 6A. 9What are you going to do with the tinder-bo*"9 asked the soldier. 9$hat;s no business of yours,9 said the witchH 93ou;ve got your moneyH give me my tinder-bo*.9 7B. 9Dy name is =oman,9 said Clysses, 9my kinsmen and friends in my own country call me =oman.9 9$hen,9 said the /yclops, 9this is the kindness I will show thee, =omanH I will eat thee last of all thy friends.9 75. 9I am a dead man, ardy,9 said =elsonH 9I am going fastH it will be all over with me soon. /ome nearer to me. 0et my dear 0ady amilton have my hair, and all other things belonging to me.9 76. e said to the shoemaker4 93ou are a big blockheadH you have done the reverse of what I desired you. I told you to make one of the shoes larger than the other, and, instead of that, you have made one of them smaller than the other.9

I#$I%C$I&%# 'E$WEE% IREC$ (% I% IREC$ #)EEC* If we reproduce the e*act words of a particular person at a particular time and place, this would be an instance of direct speech. /onversely, if we paraphrase or state in our own words the speech of a person, in that adding anything on your own, this would be an e*ample of indirect speech. When we quote e*act words of the speaker within inverted commas, it is known as direct speech. When we repeat what the speaker said without quoting his or her e*act words, then it is reported speech. +eported speech is also known as indirect speech. Exam+les , irect s+eech , Gamla said, LShe is interested in writing a bookM. Indirect s+eech , Gamla said that she was interested in writing a book. +ules for changing direct speech into indirect speech 4 NiO While reporting direct speech into indirect speech, the principal verb is converted into past tense. $hus, it is to be understood that all present tenses of the speech are

changed into the corresponding past tenses while converting direct speech into indirect speech. NiiO It is to be noted that while changing direct speech into indirect speech a simple present becomes a simple past. Exam+les , irect , She said, LI am fitM. Indirect , She said that she was fit. NiiiO , present continuous becomes a past continuous. Exam+les , irect , She said, L er sister is reading a book.M Indirect , She said that her sister was reading a book. NivO , present perfect becomes a past perfect. Exam+les , irect , e said, LI have finished the assignmentM. Indirect , e said that he had finished the assignment. NvO , simple past in the direct becomes the past perfect in indirect. Exam+les , irect , She said, L$he lady cried in the eveningM. Indirect , She said that the lady had cried in the evening. NviO It is to be understood that while changing direct speech into indirect speech shall of the future tense becomes should and will becomes would. owever, in rare cases omission of should and would can take place. Exam+les , Nairect , She said, LWill you pay attention to such a woman "M Indirect , She asked if he would pay attention to such a woman. .birect , LSo help me, -od2M he cried, LI shall never trouble anyone again.M Indirect , e called upon heaven to witness his resolve never to trouble anyone again. NviiO In case the statement depicts universal truth or it is still relevant, the original tenses can be retained as well as changed. Exam+les , .a- irect , LI know her familyM, said =eetu. Indirect , =eetu said she knowsPknew her family. .birect , LInglish is easy to learnM, the teacher said. Indirect , $he teacher said Inglish isPwas easy to learn. We use past tense when we are not very sure that the statement is true or when we are reporting ob)ectively. NviiiO If the reporting verb is in present tense, the tenses of the direct speech also do not undergo any change. Exam+les , irect , e says, L e is fitM. Indirect , e says that he is fit.

NixO $he pronouns of the direct speech undergo a change whenever required, in order to establish the relations with the reporter and his hearer, rather than with the original speaker as shown below 4 irect , She said to me, LI do not like youM. Indirect , She said that she did not like me. NxO Word e*pressing nearness in time or place are changed into words e*pressing distance, while changing direct speech into indirect speech. Exam+les , NaO now becomes then NbO tomorrow becomes the next day NcO today becomes that day NdO here becomes there Ne O ago becomes before Nf O yesterday becomes the day before NgO last night becomes the night before irect , e said, LI will reach here tomorrow.M Indirect , e said that he would reach there the ne*t day. NxiO In case the speech reported happens to take place during the same period or at the same time, the changes do not occur at all. Exam+les , irect , She says, LI am happy to be here this morningM. Indirect , She says that she is happy to be here this morning. NxiiO While reporting questions, it is customary to introduce the questions by some verbs like asked, inquired etc. When the question does not begin with an interrogative word, the reporting verb is followed by LwhetherM or LifM. Doreover Interrogative mood is changed into ,ssertive Dood and ?uestion Dark N"O should be replaced by full stop N.O. Exam+le , .a- irect , She said to me, LWhere do you stay "M Indirect , She enquired where I stayed. .birect , LWhere do you study "M asked the stranger. Indirect , $he stranger enquired where I studied. .c irect , is mother asked Eohn, LWill you accompany your father "M Indirect , is mother asked Eohn if he would accompany his father. NxiiiO While reporting commands or requests, the indirect speech is introduced by some verbs e*pressing command or request, and the imperative mood is changed into the infinitive. Exam+les , .a- irect , She said to me, L$ake care of your healthM. Indirect , She requested me to take care of my health. .b- irect , SheilaMs mother said to her, L/lean up your roomM. Indirect , SheilaMs mother ordered her to clean up her room. NxivO While reporting e*clamations and wishes, the indirect speech is introduced by some verb that e*preses a wish or a command.

Exam+les , irect , e said, L urrah 2 I have won the matchM. Indirect , e happily e*claimed that he had won the match. It is also to be remembered that this becomes that and these becomes those while changing direct speech into indirect speech. irect #+eech Indirect #+eech Chan/e from irect to Indirect #+eech 5. Dohan said to Sohan !IMll get a house Dohan told Sohan that 5. $here is a change in the reporting verb constructed heMd get a house Say becomes tell, remind etc. next year.# constructed the 6. $here is a change in the pronoun I following year. become he. 7. $here is a change in the tense. If the reporting verb is in the past tense, will changes to would. 8. $here is a change in the time adverbial, next year becomes the following year. :. $he connecting word used is that. irect #+eech 6. e said to me, Indirect #+eech Chan/e from irect to Indirect #+eech e advised me to see 5. $he reporting verb say changes to !you should see the doctor. 6. $he pronoun you changes to me. 7. $he reported speech is the paraphrase of the direct of speech.

advise. the doctor.#

Re+ortin/ of #tatements and Exclamations =ote the following points about the changes 4 NiO $he reporting verb say changes to tell, advise, recommend, believe, feel, know, admit, agree, announce, argue, assume, claim, complain, confess, decide, declare, deny, disagree, exclaim, inform, mention, promise, remember, report, remind, state, suggest etc. depending on the kind of speech act involved in the reported speech. +ead the following sentences 4 5. Dohan said to me, !I need +ita.# Dohan told me that he needed +ita. 6. $he boy said, !I have copied in the e*am.# $he boy confessed that he had copied in the e*am. 7. $he accused said, !I deny the charge.# $he accused denied the charge. 8. Dy dad said to me, !IMll get you a $K.# Dy dad promised that he would get me a $K. :. e said, !I am rich.# e claimed that he is rich. 0ook at the following sentences 4 5a. She said, !What a bore he is.#

5b. She realized what a bore he was. 5c. She realized that he was a great bore. 6a. $he maid servant said, ! ow hot it .# 6b. She realized what a bore he was. 6c. $he maid servant noticed that it was very hot. 7a. e said, !,las2 his father is dead.# 7b. e exclaimed with sorrow that his father was dead. 8a. e said, ! urrah2 We have won the match.# 8b. e exclaimed with joy that they had won the match. .iii- Chan/e in )ronoun , $he changes in pronoun depend upon the reporter and the person he is reporting to. 0ook at the following sentences 4 5a. Dohan said to 0ata, !I can speak Inglish very well.# Imagine that Dohan is the reporter and he is reporting this to some other person than 0ata. $his is how he will report 4 5b. I told 0ata that I could speak Inglish very well. =ow imagine that 0ata is the reporter and she is reporting DohanMs statement to Dohan himself. $he report will be 4 5c. You told me that you could speak Inglish very well. =ow suppose that 0ata is the reporter and she is reporting DohanMs statement to someone else. She will report like this 4 5d. Dohan told me that he could speak Inglish very well. $he rule of the thumb is 4 NiO /hange the first person according to the sub)ect of the reporting verb. NiiO /hange the second person according to the ob)ect of the reporting verb. NiiiO $he third person does not change. $ense chan/es in Re+orted #+eech , When we report a statement or an e*clamatory sentence, one other change that we have to make is in the tense form. If the reporting verb is in the past tense in the direct speech, it changes to the corresponding past tense in the reported speech. /onsider the following e*amples 4 5a. Galpana said, !I will study .hysics at D+I/ ne*t year.# 5b. Galpana said that she would study .hysics at D+I/ the following year. 6a. Galpana said, !I am taking the interview ne*t week.# .ast tense .resent continuous 6b. Galpna said that he was taking the interview the following week. .ast tense .ast continuous $he rules for the modification in the indirect speech are given below 4 $ense in the Direct Speech $ense in the +eported Speech Simple present NwriteO Simple past NwroteO .resent continuous Nis writingO .ast continuous Nwas writingO .resent perfect NhasPhave writtenO .ast perfect Nhad writtenO

.resent perfect continuous .ast perfect continuous NhasPhave been writingO Nhad been writingO Simple past NwroteO .ast perfect Nhad writtenO .ast continuous .ast perfect continuous Nwas writingO Nhad been writingO /an, shall, will, may, must /ould, should, would, might, mustPhad to NvO ,dverbial and other changes in the +eported Speech 4 If the time reference is different in indirect speech from the time reference of the utterance, the reporter has to make ad)ustment in the adverbials. /onsider the following sentences. 5a. She said, !IMll see you tomorrow.# 5b. She said that she would see me tomorrow. 5c. She said that she would see me the next day. Nif reported on Euly 7 or laterO Similarly adverbial of place and demonstratives also change. 6a. She said, !IMll see you here#. 6b. She said that she would see me here. 6c. She said that sheMd see me there. $he change in the demonstratives depends upon the situation. 0ook the following sentences 4 7a. She said, ! his is my house.# 7b. She said that this is his house. Nif reported near the houseO 7c. She said that that is his house. Nif reported away from the houseO $he following table illustrates the changes 4 today that day yesterday the previous day tomorrow the ne*t day ne*t week the following week now then ago before here there this that these those come go E0ERCI#E %&. 1 $urn the following sentences into indirect speech 4 5. Deepak said to Dohan, !I will visit the anging -arndens in 1ombay.# 6. S./.Sood said to Dohan, ! e will go to the Eohar .ark#. 7. +am said to Dohan, !When in 1ombay, he stayed at the $a) Dahal otel for two days.# 8. Sohan said to Dohan, !When in 1ombay, he spent five hours on the Euhu 1each.# :. ,)ay said to Dohan, !I will visit the +ed Jort in Delhi on 5: ,ugust.#

Deepak said to Dohan, !I cannot live without you.# Kishoo said to Dohan, !IMm glad I came to Delhi Cniversity.# Dohan said to Dohan, !I find all the professors quite learned here.# +aman said to Dohan, !$here are a number of good labs here.# -opal said to Dohan, !I find myself very busy here.# E0ERCI#E %&. 1 ,ssuming that the reporting verb is in the past tense, supply the correct form of the e*pression given in column I 4 I II 5. simple present 6. present continuous 7. simple past@ 8. present perfect :. past continuous <. shall >. can @. will A. may 5B. must 55. today 56. yesterday 57. tomorrow 2e3 to Exercise %o. 1 5. +am told Dohan that he would visit the anging -ardens in 1ombay. 6. +am told Dohan that he would go to the Qoological .ark. 7. +am told Dohan that when in 1ombay he had stayed at the $a) Dahal otel for 6 days. 8. +am told Dohan that when in 1ombay he had spent five hours on the Euhu 1each. :. +am told Dohan that he would visit the +ed Jort in Delhi on 5: ,ugust. <. +am told Dohan that he could not live without him. >. +am told Dohan that he was glad he had come to Delhi Cniversity. @. +am told Dohan that he found all the .rofessors learned there. A. +am told Dohan that there are a number of good labs here. 5B. +am told Dohan that he found himself very busy there. RE)&R$I%4 &5 67E#$I&%# (% I8)ER($I9E# 0ook at the following table 4 I II #.%o. 6uestions NiO What is your name " NiiO Where are you from " NiiiO Why did you come here " NivO ,re you married "

<. >. @. A. 5B.

III Re+ortin/ of the 6uestions +am asked Gamal what his name was. +am asked Gamal where he was from. +am asked Gamal if!whether he was married. +am asked Gamal if!whether he was married.

Rules 5. $he reporting verb used is ask, en"uire of, demand etc. 6. $he connecting word used in wh-questions is the question word itself and in yes-no questions it is if or whether. 7. $he word order of the question formation is undone. $he word order becomes like that of a statement. 8. $he question mark is replaced by a full stop. :. $he changes in pronouns, tenses, adverbials are like the changes in statements. RE)&R$I%4 &5 C&88(% # (% RE67E#$# 0ook at the following sentences 4 I II III #.%o. Commands:Requests Re+ortin/ of Commands:Requests NiO L-et out of hereM, he said. e told me to get out of there. NiiO L ave another cup of coffeeM, +adha asked me to have another cup of -eeta said. coffee. NiiiO L.lease shut the doorM, he said. e re"uested me to shut the door. NivO LDonMt make a noiseM, the teacher said.$he teacher told the class not to make a noise. #r $he teacher forbade the class to make a noise. Rules 5. &rders are reported with tell $ object $ to infinitive .......... 6. +equests are reported with re"uest $ object $ to infinitive .......... 7. $he connecting word used is to-infinitive. 8. $he changes in pronouns, adverbials are the same as in statements. :. ,dvice is reported with advise $ object R to infinitive .......... E0ERCI#E %&. ; DayaMs mother is suffering from hyper-tension and diabetes. She goes to a doctor for consultation. $he doctor advises her to do and not to do certain things. ere is a list of those things. +eport what the doctor told SitaMs mother. 1egin with L$he doctor advised her to ... or the doctor advised her not to ... 5. $ake the prescribed medicine every day. 6. DonMt eat salt. 7. DonMt eat sugar, potatoes and rice. 8. DonMt eat bananas, cheeku and grapes. :. -o for a walk both in the morning and in the evening. <. DonMt over-eat. >. $ake your meals four times a day. @. +educe the quantity of food intake. A. Iat a lot of salads. 5B. Stop worrying. #olution of Exercise ; 5. $he doctor advised her to take the prescribed medicine every day. 6. $he doctor advised her not to eat salt.

$he doctor advised her not to eat sugar, potatoes and rice. $he doctor told her not to eat bananas, cheeku and grapes. $he doctor asked her to go to a walk both in the morning and in the evening. $he doctor forbade her to over-eat. $he doctor advised her to take her meals four times a day. $he doctor told her to reduce the quantity of food intake. $he doctor asked her to eat a lot of salads. $he doctor asked her to stop worrying. E0ERCI#E %&. 4 Integrated e*ercise on Indirect Speech /hange the following sentences into Indirect Speech 4 5. e said, !I am trying to write a book on civiliFation.# 6. She said, !We should now have foremothers instead of forefathers.# 7. $he teacher said, !$he earth revolves round the Sun.# 8. $he others said, !.lease have patience.# :. She said, !Why do you think Dr. Simer has stolen your picture "# <. Eohn said, !Is there anything I can do for you, Eoan "# >. $he .rince said, !$ell her, I donMt want any milk.# @. $he teacher said, !.ie is the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter.# A. 0ucy said, !I donMt think that they are at all civiliFed.# 5B. e said, !$his is all I have.# #&<7$I&% E0ERCI#E %&. 4 5. e said that he was trying to write a book on civiliFation. 6. She said that theyPwe should now have foremothers instead of forefathers. 7. $he teacher told us that a conve* mirror produces a virtual and erect image. 8. $he others requested us to have patience. :. She asked me why I thought Dr. Simer had stolen my picture. <. Eohn asked Eoan if there was anything he could do for her. >. $he .rince told me to tell her that he didnMt want any milk. @. $he teacher told the class that .ie is that ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter. A. 0ucy said that she didnMt think that they were at all civiliFed. 5B. e said that that was all he had.

7. 8. :. <. >. @. A. 5B.