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!"TRODUCT!O" TO OSHA
!"TRODUCT!O"& More than 90 million Americans spend their days on the job. Until 1970, no uniform and comprehensive provisions existed for their protection a ainst !or"place safety and health ha#ards. $he %ccupational &afety and 'ealth Act (%&' A)$* !as approved by )on ress in 1970, to assure so far as possible every !or"in man and !oman safe and healthful !or"in conditions. +n eneral, covera e of the Act extends to all employers in the ,0 states, the -istrict of )olumbia, .uerto /ico, and all other territories under 0ederal 1overnment. DEF!"!T!O"& %&'A2 4mployers2 A competent person2 %ccupational &afety and 'ealth Administration U& -epartment of 3abor. As defined by the Act, an employer is any 5person en a ed in a business affectin commerce !ho has employees. is defined as 5one !ho is capable of identifyin existin and predictable ha#ards in the surroundin s or !or"in conditions !hich are unsanitary, ha#ardous, or dan erous to employees, and !ho has authori#ation to ta"e prompt corrective measures to eliminate them6 )ode of 0ederal /e ulations is a codification of the eneral and permanent rules published in the 0ederal /e ister by 4xecutive departments and a encies of the 0ederal 1overnment. $he code is divided into ,0 titles !hich represent broad areas
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Occupational Safety and Health Administration USA Department of Labor OSHA OUTREACH SAFET TRA!"!"#
Occupational Safety and Health Administration USA Department of Labor OSHA OUTREACH SAFET TRA!"!"#
OSHA 'UR'OSE& Under the %&' A)$ (1970*, the %ccupational &afety and 'ealth Administration (%&'A* !as created !ithin the -epartment of 3abor in 1971 to2 19 4ncoura e employers and employees to reduce !or"place ha#ards and to implement ne! or improve existin safety and health pro rams. 89 .rovide for research in occupational safety and health to develop innovative !ays of dealin !ith occupational safety and health problems.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration USA Department of Labor OSHA OUTREACH SAFET TRA!"!"#
OSHA STA"DARDS& +n carryin out its duties, %&'A is responsible for promul atin le ally enforceable standards. %&'A standards may re?uire conditions, or the adoption or use of or more practices, means, methods or processes reasonably necessary and appropriate to protect !or"ers on the job. +t is the responsibility of employers to become familiar !ith standards applicable to their establishments and to ensure that employees have and use personal protective e?uipment !hen re?uired for safety. 4mployees must comply !ith all rules and re ulation !hich are applicable to their o!n actions and conduct. $he %&'A standards !ere ta"en from three sources2 consensus standards, proprietary standards, and federal la!s in effect !hen the %ccupational &afety and 'ealth Act become la!. 19 )onsensus &tandards2 are developed by industry9!ide standard9 developin or ani#ations and are discussed and substantially a reed upon throu h consensus by industry. %&'A has incorporated the standards of the t!o primary standards roups, the American Bational &tandards +nstitute (AB&+* and the Bational 0ire .rotection Association (B0.A*, into its set of standards. .roprietary &tandards2 are prepared by professional experts !ithin specific industries, professional societies, and associations. $he
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Occupational Safety and Health Administration USA Department of Labor OSHA OUTREACH SAFET TRA!"!"#
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Hori(ontal and )ertical Standards& &tandards are sometimes referred to as bein either 5hori#ontal or vertical6 in their application. Most standards are hori#ontal or 5 eneral6 !hich means they apply to any employer in any industry. &tandards relatin to fire protection, !or"in surfaces and first aid are examples of hori#ontal standards. &ome standards, thou h, are relevant only to a particular industry, and are called vertical, or 5particular6 standards. 4xamples are standards applyin to the lon shorin industry or the construction industry, and to the special industries covered in &ubpart / of 1910. *OR+'LACE !"S'ECT!O"S Authority to +nspect $o enforce its standards, %&'A is authorised under the Act to conduct !or"place inspections. 4very establishment covered by the Act is subject to inspection by %&'A compliance safety and health officers. Under the Act, 5upon presentin appropriate credentials to the o!ner, operator or a ent in char e6, an %&'A compliance officer is authori#ed to2 54nter !ithout delay and at reasonable times any factory, plant, establishment, construction site or other areas, !or"place, or environment !here !or" is performed by an employee of an employerH and to 5inspect and investi ate durin re ular !or"in hours, and at other reasonable times, and !ithin reasonable limits and in a reasonable manner, any such place of employment and all pertinent conditions,
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Occupational Safety and Health Administration USA Department of Labor OSHA OUTREACH SAFET TRA!"!"#
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Additional violations for !hich citations proposed penalties may be issued upon conviction2 a. 0alsifyin records, reports or applications can brin a fine of I 10.000 or up to six months in jail, or both. b. ;iolations of postin re?uirements can brin a civil penalty of up to I 7.000.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration USA Department of Labor OSHA OUTREACH SAFET TRA!"!"#
en a ed in the performance of their duties is a criminal offense, subject to a fine of not more than I ,.000 and imprisonment for not more than three years. SER)!CES A)A!LA,LE , OSHA AConsultation Assistance )onsultation assistance is available to employers !ho !ant help in establishin and maintainin a safe and healthful !or"place. 3ar ely funded by %&'A, the service is provided at no cost to the employer. Bo penalties are proposed or citations issued for ha#ards identified by the consultant. $his process be ins !ith the employerJs re?uest for consultation and the commitment to correct any serious job safety and health identified by the consultant. .ossible violations of %&'A standards !ill not be reported to %&'A enforcement staff unless the employer fails or refuses to eliminate or control !or"er exposure to any identified serious ha#ard or imminent dan er situation. )onsultation assistance includes an appraisal of all mechanical, physical, !or" practice, and environmental ha#ards of the !or"place and all aspects of the employerJs present job safety and health pro ram. ,)oluntary 'rotection 'ro.rams $he ;oluntary .rotection .ro rams (;..s* represent one part of %&'AJs effort to extend !or"er protection beyond the minimum re?uired by %&'A standards. $hese pro rams, alon !ith others such as expanded onsite consultation services and full9service area offices, are cooperative approaches !hich, !hen coupled !ith an effective enforcement pro ram, expand
Occupational Safety and Health Administration USA Department of Labor OSHA OUTREACH SAFET TRA!"!"#
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