ENGINEERINGCOMPETENCYREPORT

EXAMPLED
13January2014

TableofContents

TableofContents......................................................................................................................... 2 Aboutthisexample...................................................................................................................... 3 Claim1.Dealwithethicalissues .................................................................................................. 4 Claim2.Practisecompetently..................................................................................................... 5 Claim3.Responsibilityforengineeringactivities........................................................................7 Claim4.Developsafeandsustainablesolutions........................................................................9 Claim5.Engagewiththerelevantcommunityandstakeholders.............................................11 Claim6.Identify,assessandmanagerisks................................................................................13 Claim7.Meetlegalandregulatoryrequirements....................................................................14 Claim8.Communication ............................................................................................................ 16 Claim9.Performance................................................................................................................ 18 Claim10.Takingaction.............................................................................................................. 20 Claim11.Judgment................................................................................................................... 22 Claim12.AdvancedEngineeringKnowledge(PE)KnowledgeofStandardised Practices(EA)KnowledgeofTechnology(ET)...........................................................................23 Claim13.Localknowledge........................................................................................................ 25 Claim14.Problemanalysis........................................................................................................ 27 Claim15.CreativityandInnovation/AdvancedOperation/PredictableOperation..............29 Claim16.Evaluation.................................................................................................................. 30

Aboutthisexample
Thisreportispartofasetofexamplereportsthatisbeingdevelopedtoprovideexamplesof EngineeringCompetencyClaimsandtheEngineeringExperienceRecord(EER).TheseExamplesarefor usebyparticipantsusingtheeCharteredsystemtoguidethem. Beforereviewingtheexamplereports,applicantsshouldrefertotheappropriate2012Australian EngineeringCompetencyStandardsStage2ProfessionalEngineerorEngineeringTechnologistor EngineeringAssociateavailableintheResourcessectionoftheeCharteredwebsite. ParticipantsshouldalsorefertoSection5oftheOnlineParticipantGuide,Submission,payingparticular attentiontoSection5.3.WritingEngineeringCompetencyClaims(ECCs).TheThoughtStartersfor PreparingEngineeringCompetencyClaimsineCharteredavailableintheExamplessectionalsoprovides guidanceandisrecommendedreadingalongwiththeexamplereports. Thefollowing16exampleECCreportsweresubmittedbyacivilengineerwhosuccessfullyachieved CharteredMembershipfollowingtheirProfessionalInterview,aswellasregistrationontheNational ProfessionalEngineersRegister(NPER)andtheStage2Assessmentfortheapplicationtobecomea RegisteredProfessionalEngineerofQueensland(RPEQ). TheauthorwaspreparedtomeettherequirementsoftheAustralianEngineeringCompetency StandardsStage2.Eachoftheirclaimswereverifiedbyaresponsibleseniorengineer. Identifyinginformationhasbeenremovedtoprotecttheconfidentialityoftheauthor,theiremployers, theirVerifiers,clients,andtheprojectscovered.Allverificationhasbeenremovedforthepurposeof maintainingconfidentiality. AstheneweCharteredprocessdevelops,EngineersAustraliawillbeabletobuildarepositoryof examples.ThisexampleisfromoneofthefirstwavetousetheeCharteredsystemandsuccessfully completetheirProfessionalInterview. EngineersAustraliaexpressesitssincerethankstotheengineerwhoprovidedthesereportstobeused toassistothersseekingCharteredStatusand/orregistration. Thesereportsaremadeavailableasexamplesonly.EngineersAustraliaisnottheauthorandthus makesnoclaimsastothereportsaccuracy.Nopartofthesereportsmaybereproducedinanyform foranypurposewithoutthepermissionofEngineersAustralia.Nopartofthesereportsmayotherwise bereplicatedorusedbyothersforthepurposeofclaimingitorthemastheirown.

Claim1.Dealwithethicalissues
BetweenSeptember2009toMarch2010,Icompletedasecondmentwithaspecialistmarinecontractor. ThecontractorwasasmallcompanyandIgottoknowtheownersandhisemployeesinbothprofessional andpersonalsense.DuringmytimewiththecontractorIworkedcloselywithaparticularprojectmanagerin constructingawharfstructureonamajorriver.WhenIfinishedmysecondmentandreturnedtotheoffice,I keptincontactwiththeprojectmanageronasemiregularbasis. WhenIgotbacktotheoffice,Iwasresponsibleforcompletingdetaileddesigndrawingsandtender documentationforademolitionprojectsubsequentconstructionofajettyfingerinitsplace.Thespecialist marinecontractorwasoneoffourpartiestobidforthecontract.Inordertobeopenandhonestandavoid anyconflictsofinterest,IinformedmyclientthatIhadcompletedasecondmentwiththeparticular contractor.Duetomysecondment,thespecialistmarinecontractorfeltcomfortableincontactingmewith tenderquestions.DuringtenderstageIwascognisantofthefactthatIneededtobehaveethicallyand ensurethatnopartieswereputinanunfairdisadvantage.Forexample,Iensuredthatconfidentialclient information,suchastheavailableclientbudgetwasnotdisclosedtoanytenderer.Asanotherexample,I requestedthatallenquiresduringtenderstagecomeviatheclientinthefirstinstance.Iwouldthendisturb myassociatedresponsesbacktotheclientfordistributiontoalltenderers. Fromateamperspective,myintentistoalwaysinteractwithmycolleaguesinanopenandhonestmanner andactonthebasisofawellinformedconscience,inlinewiththeEngineersAustraliaCodeofEthics.I believethatthesearecriticalelementstocreatingapositiveteamdynamicandensuringsuccessfulproject delivery.Forexample,Iencouragedmembersofmyteamtocompletetheirtimesheetsaccurately,honestly andontime.Mypersonalapproachistokeepadailydiaryofmytimespentonprojectworkanda descriptionofthetask/sIundertook.Idothisinordertogiveanhonestresponsewhenrequestedbymy peerstoprovideexplanationoftimespentonspecificprojecttasks.Atalltimes,Iencouragemyteam memberstorecordtheirtimeaccuratelyasopposedtochargingunbudgetedhourstoanoverheadnumber. Ialwaysstatetomycolleaguesthataccuraterecordingoftimegivesgreaterinsightintoprojectperformance andwillnotleadtorepercussion. Iamnowworkingforamajorengineeringconsultingfirm,whichhasanIntegrityManagementSystem(IMS) whichhasbeendesignedtopromoteethicalbusinesspracticeswithinthecompany.Thecompany'sCodeof ConductisoneofitskeyIMSdocuments.TheCodeofConducthas3imperativeelements;Teamwork, RespectandIntegritywhichisanalogoustotheCodeofEthicsprovidedbyEngineersAustralia.Ireviewed andagreedtoabidebytheCodeofConductwhenIsignedmyemploymentcontract.Forexample,with regardstogifts,theCodeofConductstates'refusetoacceptgifts,financialpayments,favoursorbenefits thatareintendedto,orarelikelyto,causeyoutoactinabiasedmannerinthecourseofyourduties.'Itook particularnoticeofthisclauseasIamawareandhavewitnessedtheofferofgiftsbyvendorsand contractorswithinpreviousworkplaces.IamawarethatifIwasofferedagift,thatdeclarationtomy companyistheappropriateaction.ThisethicalapproachisinlinewiththeEngineersAustraliaCodeof Ethics. IhaveengagedinethicalreflectivepracticebyreviewingtheValuesExchangeprovidedbyEngineers Australia.ThecasestudiesprovidedontheValuesExchangehavehelpedmetodevelopmyethical judgementanddecisionmakingskills.Thisprovedtobeagreatlearningexerciseandconfirmedinmymind theimportanceoftheCodeofEthicsprovidedbyEngineersAustralia.Insummary,Iamawarethatasan engineerpractitioner,Iamtousemyknowledgeandskillsforthebenefitofthecommunitytocreate engineeringsolutionsforasustainablefuture.Iamalsoawarethatweasengineersaretoservethe communityaheadofotherpersonalorsectionalinterests.
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Claim2.Practisecompetently
Themaritimeandcoastalengineeringindustryisquitespecialisedandrequiresanappropriateskillset. Typically,maritimeandcoastalengineerscompletedesignsbasedonempiricalmethodsduetothelack ofprescribedmethodswithinavailablestandards.Whendesigning,Iamheavilyreliantonguidelines, conferencepapers,empiricalmethods,'firstprincipals'approach,inlieuofpublishedstandards.This requiresmetothinkcriticallytoregularlyassessmyowncompetenceandacquirenewskillstoensure thatmychosenapproachismostapplicablefordesignpurposes.Forexample,IensurethatIstay abreasttolatestdevelopmentswithinmyindustry. Mycommitmenttomyprofessionaldevelopmentislongtermandextendsbeyondprojectspecific requirements.Sincegraduationforexample,Ihavecompletedperformancereviewsevery12months. ThenominatedreviewerandIassessmycompetenceagainstarangeofcriteriaandalsodetermine areaswherefurtherskilldevelopmentisrequired. Traininganddevelopmentwithinthemaritimeandcoastalengineeringindustryisgenerallyquite scarce,howeverIrecognisetheimportanceofmaintainingandupdatingmyskillsthroughthefollowing avenues; EngineersAustraliamonthlymagazine. EngineersAustraliaQueenslandWaterPanelprovidespresentationsonanadhocbasistowhichI haveattended.ThelastpresentationthatIattendedwasbyapastlecturerofmineandthesis supervisor.,TomBaldockfromtheUniversityofQueensland.Tom'spresentationwasheld November2011andwastitled,'Surfzonemorphology,waverunup,overtoppingandsediment overwash. Iamcurrentlyresponsiblefortheorganisationofmonthlymaritimetechnicalpresentationstomy group. IamaPermanentInternationalAssociationofNavigationCongresses(PIANC)memberandreadall theworkinggroupand'oncourse'quarterlymagazinesaspartofmyContinuingProfessional Development(CPD).PIANCistheglobalorganisationprovidingguidanceforsustainablewaterborne transportinfrastructureforportsandwaterways. IinitiatedthemaritimegroupsubscriptiontoaCoastalEngineeringJournalthroughmycompany's libraryservicecolleagues.Thisjournalisextremelyvaluableasitcombinespracticalapplicationwith moderntechnologicalandscientificachievements.Ihavedownloadedpaperssuchas,'Waveheight distributionsonshallowforeshores'byBattjesandGroenendijkforexample.Atthetimeofmy designwork,thispaperwasattheforefrontofindustryknowledgeandprovidedextremevalueto mydeliverables. IhaveenteredallCPDeventsintotheEngineersAustralia(EA)websitesincegraduation.Since2006I haveexceeded50hoursofCPDperyear. IamanactivememberofCoastalList(http://www.coastal.udel.edu/coastal/coastal_list.html). Coastallistisamoderatedemaillistforcoastalengineers.ItwasestablishedbytheUniversityof Delawaretoprovideapproximately1700enrolledcoastalengineers/scientistsameansto
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 communicatewitheachothersothatitemsofinterestforthecommunitywillbedisseminated broadly. IrecentlycoordinatedandwasresponsibleforthedeliveryofaproposalfortheCoastalProcesses sectionofaregionalCouncilAirportExpansionEIS.TheCoastalProcessessectionoftheEISrequireda responsetothedrafttermsofreferenceinthehydrodynamics,hydrology,marinesedimentsandwater quality.Iconcludedthatthelatter3specialitieswereoutsidemylevelofexperienceandItherefore delegatedtheseworkpackagestomycompany'sspecialists.EventhoughIhadgainedhydrological modellingexperienceasacadetwithacapitalCityCouncilImadeconsciencethedecisionthatIwasnot sufficientlycompetentenoughtoprovidehydrologicaladvice. Ihaveandamstillanactivememberoftheinhouseskillsnetworkswithinbothmypreviousand currentcompany.Ihavepostedmanyquestionsontheskillsnetworksofmypreviouscompany.For exampleIpostedquestionsonwavesteepnesslimitsforwavesinshallowwaterandwindspectra definitionswhileworkingonthedetaileddesignforaLNGprojectofftheAustralianeastcoast.

Claim3.Responsibilityforengineeringactivities
IstartedwithmycurrentcompanyinearlyJanuary2012,andIwasgiventheroleofmanagingoursub consultanttoundertakeadynamicmooringanalysisforaconfidentialLNGproject.Thisincluded passingshipsimulationsforanumberofmembraneandsphericalLNGcarriers(rangingfrom 125,000m3to217,000m3).Thesubconsultant'sscopeofworkswasdeterminedduringproposalstage, whichoccurredbeforeIcommencedmyemployment,andthereforewasbeyondmycontrol. ThefirstactionIundertookwastoreviewtheagreedscopeofworksincludedinmycompany's proposal.Theproposalstatedthatatotalof40simulationswererequiredinordertocompletethe dynamicmooringanalysis.Basedonmyexperienceofbeingresponsibleforthemooringanalysiswithin thedetaileddesignphaseforapreviousjettyconstructionproject,Imadethejudgementthatatotalof 40simulationswerenotadequatetomeetclientrequirements.Iagreedthatclientrequirementswere notclearaswewereinFrontEndEngineeringDesign(FEED),howeverbasedon5vesselsandthe applicableenvironmentalcriteria,itwasclearthatatotalof40simulationswouldnotbesufficient.I immediatelynotifiedtheprojectanddesignmanagerofthisriskasthesubconsultantwasonalump sumagreement. ThenextactionIundertookwastoorganiseateleconferencewiththesubconsultanttodiscussthe scopeofworks.Irequestedanexplanationfromthesubconsultantastohowatotalof40simulations wouldsatisfytheclient'srequirements.AfterIreferredoursubconsultanttotheOilCompanies InternationalMarineForum(OCIMF)standardenvironmentalcriteria,whichinmyexperienceisoften exclusivelyreferredtobytheOilandGasmajors,itwasclearthatatotalof40simulationswouldbe exceeded. Irecommendedtooursubconsultantthatbasedonmyexperience,itwasinourcollectiveintereststo completeadynamicmooringanalysismethodologydocumentinthefirstinstanceforclientreviewin ordertomitigatetheriskofscopecreepandbudgetoverspend.Thesubconsultantagreedtoadoptmy proposedapproach.Myintentionforthemethodologydocumentwastostateourapproach, parametersadoptedandasummaryofthecaseswhichweproposedtosimulate.Inmyexperience,this approachisbothcosteffectiveandalsoprovidesclaritytotheclientand/orpeerrevieweronthe proposeddesignassumptionstobeadoptedwithinthesimulations.Icompletedthemethodology documentbasedoninformationsentbytheclientandmycompany'sinternallibrary.Withinthe methodologydocumentIhighlightedtheinformationgapsandproposedparametersrequiredto completethedynamicmooringanalysis.Forexample,someoftheparameterswhichIproposedforall vesselclassesincluded: mooringlinepretensionvalues; mooringlinediameters; mooringlinetensionlimits(%strength); mooringlineminimumbreakingload; tailtypes; taildiameters; minimumtailbreakingload. Inunison,IalsocompletedthefenderdesignforthebreastingdolphinsbasedontheCodeofpractice fordesignoffenderingandmooringsystemsBritishStandard6349Part41994andthePermanent InternationalAssociationofNavigationCongresses(PIANC)GuidelinesfortheDesignofFenderSystems
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 (2002).Icompletedthisinparallelwithmyseniorstructuralengineeringcolleaguewhowasdesigning thebreastingdolphins.MyseniorcolleaguereviewedmydesignandIlaterrefinedmydesignbasedon hissuggestions.Iupdatedthemethodologydocumentwiththeappropriatelydesignedandreviewed fender.Irequestedaninternalreviewofthemethodologydocumentbythedesignmanager.Finally,I requestedthatallvalueswithinmydraftmethodologydocumentbeeitherconfirmedcorrectand/or updatedbyoursubconsultantastheyweretherecognisedauthoroftheissueddocument.

Claim4.Developsafeandsustainablesolutions
ImmediatelyaftertheJanuary2011floods,mycompanywasengagedonanemergencyworksbasis. FloodwatershadscouredasectionofamajorCreekandsubsequentbridgeembankmenttosucha distancethattheroadandbridgewasatriskofsubsidence.Iassessedthecreekandslopestabilityfrom ahydraulic/scourpointofviewandsupervisedtherehabilitationworks. Beforegoingtosite,IcompletedaJobSafetyAnalysis(JSA).ThroughtheJSA,Ilogicallyidentified, assessedanddocumentedthehazardsassociatedwithmysitevisitinaccordancewithmycompany's HealthandSafetypolicy.Forexample,IensuredthatmycolleagueandIhadtheappropriatepersonnel protectiveequipment(PPE)beforeenteringthesite. Onceonsite,thecontractorhadproposedarockrevetmentsolutionalongthescouredsectionofthe Creek.Sketchdrawingswereprovidedtome. Ireviewedthecontractor'sdesignandsupervisedtheemergencyworksonbehalfofthestateauthority whichwasmyclient.Aswewereinanemergencyworkssituation,Ireactedpromptlyintheshortterm. Iassessedthecontractor'sdesignandidentifiedaspectsofthedesignwhichwerenotstructurallysound andinformedmyclientthatthiswouldultimatelyresultinreworkinthelongterm.Istatedtomyclient thatIappreciatedtheemergencysituation,howevercorrectandsafedesignwasparamount.Iproposed thatsiteworksbeputonholdfor24hourswhileIcompletedsomepreliminarycalculations.Ireinforced thefactthatthecontractor'sdesignwasneithercosteffectivenorasustainableoption.Forexample, thegeotextileproposeddidnothavesufficientstrengthforthelargearmourrockandIconcludedthat thegeotextilewouldpunctureduringconstruction.Also,therockarmourspecifiedwasnotlarge enoughforpeakvelocitiesupto5m/s,whichIestimatedbasedonManning'sequation.Therevetment toedetailwasnotrobustinmyopinionandtheriskoftherockslopefailinginextremeeventswashigh. IimmediatelyrequestedthattheprocurementofmaterialsbeputonholdwhileIcompletedan alternativedesign.Myclientagreedwiththisapproach. Isuggestedtomyclienttobroadentheextentoftheworks.Iidentifiedthehighriskofscourdueto highlymobilecreekbedsedimentparticlesandtheexpectedflowseparationbehindtheproposed works.Irecommendedextendingtherevetmentstructureby50metresupstreampastthebendinthe creek.Byextendingthestructure,thecosttomyclientincreased,howeverIreducedtheriskoffailure duetoscourandthereforefuturereworkwasminimisedconsiderably. Idesignedtherockrevetmentusing,'CIRIAC551ManualonScouratBridges&OtherHydraulic Structures'.AsperCIRIAC551,Iinitiallycalculatedtherocksizerequiredforminimalmaintenance.After discussionwithmyclientandcontractor,Ideemedthatthisapproachwouldbetoocostlytoprocure, constructandmaintainbythestateauthority.Ithencalculatedtherocksizebasedonthefactthat futuremaintenancemayberequiredafterlargestormevents.Irecommendedthisapproachtomy clientandtheyconfirmedthattherevetmentwouldbeplacedontheyearlymaintenanceinspection programme.Thecontractorconfirmedthatmycalculatedrockarmoursizecouldbeprocuredfromthe quarryonshortnotice.MyapproachwassustainableasIrationalisedmysolutiononeconomic,risk, materialresourcesandhumaneffortcriteriawhileprovidingforthesafetyoftheworkers. Iwaspresentonsiteduringconstructioninanearfulltimebasisduetothenatureoftheemergency works.Accesstothesitewashazardousduetothepoorgroundconditions.Irecommendedtothe foremanthatheusetheunderlayerrockthatIhadspecifiedasaworkingplatformwhilecompleting
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 worksontheerodedslope.Iidentifiedthatbyplacingrockarmouratthecrest,whichistypicalfor coastalengineeringprojects,wouldposearisktotheconstructionstaff,futuremaintenanceinspectors andthepublic.Idetailedonthedrawingstheplacementof underlayerrockwithinthevoidsoftherock armour.Thisprovidedasafewalkingplatformalongthecrestandmitigatedthefutureriskofinjury.

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Claim5.Engagewiththerelevantcommunityandstakeholders
Itwasmyresponsibilitytocompleteafloodriskassessmentanddetermineanappropriatedesignflood levelforamarinaprojectonthebanksofamajorriverinIreland.MyteamleaderandIwereengaged byourclienttocarryoutengineeringdesignalongsideanarchitect. Iidentified,inconsultationwithmyteamleaderwhichstakeholdersneededtobeconsulted,toensure thatIhadaclearunderstandingoftheirrequirementsformydesignsolution: TheOfficeofPublicWorks(OPW); TheapplicableHydroelectricScheme; Mycompanysofficefloodmodellingteam. Myinvestigationsrevealedthatthegoverningbodywithintheregionwheretheassessmentwastaking placedidnot(atthetimeoftheproject2006/07)haveformalisedguidelinesforproposed developmentswithinthefloodplain.IcontactedthefloodinformationofficerwithintheOPW responsiblefortheregionandconfirmedalegislativegapwithintheirrequirements.Workingethically tonegotiateacceptableoutcomesforthecommunity,Iproposedtodevelopanappropriatedesign floodlevelforOPWreview.Icontactedmyexperthydrologistcolleagueaboutbestpracticedesignflood levelsforthistypeofdevelopment.Thefloodinformationofficeragreedthata1in100yeardesign floodlevelwasappropriateandmettheirfloodimmunityrequirements. Istatedthattheimpactofclimatechangeonpeakfloodflowsshouldbeconsideredwithinmyfloodrisk studyasthiswouldleadtohigherpeakfloodlevels.Thefloodinformationofficerstatedthattheir requirementsonpeakflowsduetoclimatechangewerecurrentlyindraftformat.Irequestedtheflood informationofficerprovideformaladvice,towhichtheyrepliedinletterformat.Iincorporatedthe formaladviceoftheOPW,whichatthetimestatedthatpeakfloodflowscouldincreasebyupto20% duetoclimatechange.Afterathoroughinvestigationofthecatchmentcharacteristicsandasensitivity analysisincludingincreasingpeakfloodflowsby10,15and20%,Irecommendeda20%increasein flowswasinlinewithbestpractice.Iensuredthatlongtermrequirementssetbyotherswere consideredtoobtainasustainablesolution. Myinvestigationsshowedthatnofloodstudieshadbeenundertakenwithinthecatchment.Therewas howeverrecordedflowsandrecordedwaterlevelsinthevicinityoftheproposedmarinasite.I organisedameetingwiththechiefengineeroftheapplicableHydroelectricSchemetodiscussthe operationalproceduresoftheweiranditsimpactonupstreamwaterlevels.Ilistenedcarefullytothe chiefengineerexplainoperationalproceduresoftheweir,bothdailyandintimesofflood,asIknewthis wascriticaltomyanalysis.AsIlistened,ItookaccuratenotesasIknewhis30yearsofexperiencewas ofimmensevalueinlieuofpublisheddata. Irequestedrecordedflowsandwaterlevelsfromthechiefengineerinordertodeterminearelationship betweenthetwovariablesbasedonastatisticalanalysis.Thechiefengineerprovidedtomewith64 yearsofrecordedflows(monthlymaxima)andapproximately56yearsofrecordeddailywaterlevels. Icontactedourlocalfloodmodellingteamtoperformthestatisticalanalysistoproducethe1in100 yearfrequencycurveastheyhadalicencetotheappropriatesoftware.Attheendofmyfloodrisk analysisIreliedonmyexperthydrologistcolleagueswithintheLeedsofficetoreviewmyreport.I incorporatedtheircommentsbeforeclientissue.
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 Iexplainedthebasisofmypreliminary1in100yearfloodlevelandtheadditionalclimatechangeand freeboardcontingenciesadopted,tothearchitect.Thearchitect'sconceptualschemeenvisaged structuresclosetotheriverandmypreliminaryfloodlevelbecamecontrarytotheirdesignintentions. Thearchitectchallengedmyapproach.Istatedthatthedesignfloodlevelwasinlinewiththe requirementsoftheOPWincludingtheirprovisionsforclimatechange.Istatedthatmycolleagues providedformalreviewandconfirmedthatmyworkwasinlinewithclimatechangebestpracticefor preliminarydesign. TwoyearslatertheOPWpublishedtheirguidelineswhichconfirmedthattheassumptionsImadewere nowminimumrequirementsforfloodplaindevelopmentplanningapplication.

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Claim6.Identify,assessandmanagerisks

Iwasresponsiblefortheproductionofdetaileddesigndrawingsandspecificationsforajettystructure.Iwas responsibleforworkingwithourseniorplanningengineerthroughthedevelopmentassessmentprocesstogain approvalfortheworks.Iwasalsoresponsiblefortenderdocumentation. Iproposedtomyclient,tocompleteourworkintwostages.Isuggestedtomyclientthatthiswasthemostcost effectivedeliverymechanismfortheproject.Stage1includedworkingwiththeclientforlocalauthority DevelopmentApproval(DA).Asthetimetakentoapprovethedevelopmentandtherequirementsofthe approvalwereoutsideofmycontrol,IrecommendedthataStage2proposalwouldbeprovidedonthesuccessful completionofStage1.Theclientwassatisfiedwithmycosteffectiveapproachandagreedtomyproposal. Iproposedtomyclientthatadilapidationreportbecompletedoftheadjacentwalkwayandembankmentbefore demolitionoftheexistingwharfcommenced.Irecommendedthisriskbasedapproachtomyclientasawayto mitigateagainstpotentialfutureclaimsofdamagetothewalkwayand/orembankmentduringthe demolition/constructionphase.Theclientagreedwiththisapproach.Iinformedmyclientthatthisworkhadnot beenallowedforinmyproposalandIwouldseekapprovalforavariation.Istatedmyrequestwithinanemail andprovidedanadditionalfee.Theclientrepliedtomyemailgivinghisapproval.Idocumentedthisinmy variationregisterinspreadsheetform. DuringtheprojectImaintainedmyvariationregister.Ifoundthisextremelyadvantageouswhenitcameto preparingmonthlyinvoices.Atprojectend,therewereatotalof5variationswhichineffectdoubledouroriginal proposalfee.Thishighlightedtometheimportanceofdocumentingvariationsandseekingpriorclientapproval inwritingbeforeproceedingwithadditionalworks.Bynotseekingapprovalforvariationstotheagreedscope,I wouldhaveoverspentmybudgetandplacedunacceptablefinancialriskuponmycompany. IpreparedaGanttchartprogrammeofworksforalldesignactivities.Iusedtheprogrammeasareferenceona neardailybasistoassessprojectprogress.Theclientspecifiedafinalmilestonedeliverabledatewhereall drawings,specificationsandcontractdocumentswererequired.Iproposedintermediatemilestoneswithinthe programme.Forexample,IproducedIssueForReview(IFR)drawings,specificationsandcontractdocuments.I providedtheseIFRdeliverablesina'dripfeed'approachtoallowsufficienttimeforclientreviewandinput, therebyminimisingtheriskofrunninglateonthefinalmilestonedate.Ifoundthatthe'dripfeed'approachwas anextremelyeffectivemechanismforachievingeachagreedmilestone.Ifeltthatinvolvingtheclientthroughout thedesignprocessfosteredacollaborativeculturewhichinturnaddedvalueandreducedtheriskofproject delay. Onaweeklybasis,Ireviewedmybudgetagainstthecollectivehoursspentandactualprogressmade.Iinformed myprojectdirectoronaweeklybasisonmyprogresswithregardstobudgetspent,programmeburnt,milestones metandanyissueswhichhadthepotentialtocausedelay. Todocumentdesignchange,Ipreparedatechnicalriskregisterinspreadsheetform.WithintheregisterI documentedthechangestoapplicablecodes,standards,localauthorityandconcurrenceagency'srequirements againsteachdesignelementandassessedtheconsequencestotheexistingdesign.Thesystematicapproachthat Itookbycreatingtheregisterprovidedaclearsummaryofchangesandwasextremelybeneficialwhenreviewed bymyseniorcolleagueduringtheQAprocess. LocalauthorityDAapprovalstipulatedthatoncethejettystructurewasconstructed,an'on maintenance'period ofoneyearwouldcommence.For'onmaintenance',thelocalauthorityrequiredRPEQsigned'asconstructed' drawingsandcertificationoftheworksofthejettystructure.Inorderformycompanytoprovidecertificationof theworks,Inegotiatedwithmyclientthatsomesitesupervisionwasrequired.Isuggestedtomyclientthatsite supervisionwouldbecompletedonanhourlybasis,cappedtoanupperlimitamount.Myapproachprovidedmy clientwithamechanismtocontrolandforecastprojectcostsaccurately. 13

Claim7.Meetlegalandregulatoryrequirements
Iwasresponsibleforworkingwithourseniorplanningengineerthroughthedevelopmentassessment processinordertogainapprovalfortheworks.Iwasalsoresponsiblefortheproductionofthedetailed designdrawings,specificationsandtenderdocumentationforajettystructure. IproposedtoworkundertheConsultAustralia(2009)shortformcontractasthiswasmycompany's legalpreference.ForStage2,IproposedtoworkunderthesamesignedConsultAustralia(2009)short formcontractasIsuccessfullydidforStage1.Theclientagreedwiththisapproach.However,duetoa laterchangeinmanagement,theclientlaterproposedthatIworkundertheirpreferredtermsand conditions.Ispokewithmylegalcolleagueswithregardstoourpositionandaskedthemtoreviewthe client'snewtermsandconditions.Theclient'stermsandconditionswerenomoreonerousonmy companythantheACEA(2009)shortformcontract.Therefore,Iproposedtocontinueworkingunder thesignedACEA(2009)shortformcontract,towhichtheclientagreed. Iworkedalongsideourseniorplanningengineerinordertosatisfythelocalauthorityplanningapproval andtheDepartmentofEnvironmentandResourceManagement(DERM)(nowknownasDEHP) prescribedtidalworksapprovalapplicationprocess.Iprovidedapprovaldrawingsofthejettystructure. Ishowedontheapprovaldrawingsthejettylayout,proposeddemolitionoftheexistingtimberwharf structure,proposedplanandtypicalcrosssectionoftheproposedjettystructure. Theclientstipulatedthatatimberflumewhichwaspartoftheoriginalstructure,beretainedbefore demolitionandreusedinconjunctionwiththenewjettyworks.Iworkedwiththelandscapearchitects toensurethatthetimberflumewasincorporatedintheirworks.Idesignedthebracingandsupportsfor thetimberflumeinaccordancewithAustralianStandards(AS)4100SteelStructuresandprovided additionaldrawingstothelandscapearchitectsworkspackage. IwasawarethatIhadadutytocomplywithsection22oftheWorkPlaceHealthandSafetyAct 2011andensure,sofarasreasonablypracticable,thatthedesigniswithoutriskstohealthandsafety.I completedasafetyindesignriskregisterandSafetyinDesign(SiD)reportfortheproject.In consultationwithmyclient,Iconsideredpublichealthandsafetyandenvironmentalconsequencesfor allstagesoftheprojectfromdesign,construction,maintenance,decommissioningandfinallythrough todemolition.Withinmyriskregisterspreadsheet,Iidentifiedthehazardsandassessedtheassociated consequencesinordertodeterminetherisklevel.IthenhighlightedthemitigationmeasuresforwhichI tookwithinthedesigninordertoreducetheriskleveltoalevelaslowasreasonablypractical, commonlyknownasALARP. ThelocalauthorityDevelopmentApproval(DA)stipulatedalistofcompliancemeasuresthatneededto beadheredtoduringbothdesignandconstruction.Lightingofthejettywasnotincludedinthe approvaldrawings.Ihighlightedthisasahazardanddocumentedthefactthatlightingofthejettywasa developmentapprovalcondition.Iengagedourelectricalengineerstocompletethelightingdesignas pertheassociatedAustralianStandardsandwithRegisteredProfessionalEngineersofQueensland (RPEQ)signoff. IcreatedtenderdocumentationbasedonthegeneralconditionsofcontractAS2124(1992).Iamended theconditionsofcontractthroughtheannexures,schedulesandjobspecificationsspecifictothe projectrequirementsandlocalauthorityandconcurrenceagencyrequirements.Forexample,Iensured thatthecontractorprepareanerosionandsedimentcontrolprogramandprovideddemolitionand
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 constructionmethodologiestherebysatisfyingthe constructionenvironmentalmanagementplan,which wasarequirementoftheDA. Iensuredmycompany'sintellectualpropertywasprotectedatalltimes.Forexample,Iensuredall deliverablessuchasdrawings,reports,specifications,conditionsofcontractwerealwayssentinpdf formatandthereforeunauthorisedchangescouldnotbemade.Ialsoensuredthatappropriate disclaimerswereaddedtoissuedreports.Thedisclaimerswouldgenerallystatethatthereportswere preparedformyparticularclientandshouldonlyberelieduponbymyclientbasedontheagreedscope andstatedlimitations.

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Claim8.Communication
Atmypreviouscompany,Iworkedalongsideandwaspartofagroupofpredominantlybridgeand structuralengineers.Aparticularbridgewhichwaspeerassessedbyothers,foundthatascour assessmentduringdetaileddesignhasnotbeencompleted. Iagreedtotherequestandcompletedascourassessmentofthebridgedesign.Inordertowork effectively,Irequestedfromthebridgedesignertheamountoftimerequiredandavailablebudgetin ordertocompletethescourassessment.Iworkedwiththebridgedesignertocollatethebridgedesign drawingsandavailablegeotechnicalinformationoftheriverbed.Inordertoeffectivelycompletemy scourassessmentinaccordancewithrelevantguidelinematerial,Iinterfacedbetweenthebridge designerandfloodmodeller.Ireliedonmypreviousfloodmodellingexperiencetoconverse appropriatelyandbuildrapportwiththefloodmodeller. Iwasabletorequestvectorplotdiagramsatfloodpeakvelocityasopposedtofloodpeakwaterlevel. Thisisakeypointwhichwascriticaltothescourassessmentasthemagnitudeanddirectionoftheflow atbothfloodstageschangedconsiderably.Icompletedasensitivityanalysisofbothfloodstagesto improvetheaccuracyofmyanalysis. Iinitiatedinformaldesignreviewswithmyseniorcolleaguebyhavingregularconversationsonanadhoc basis.Basedonmydiscussions,IensuredthatIincludedatidalvelocitycomponentwithinmy calculationsasthiswasnotmodelledwithinthefloodstudy.Ialsorecognisedthattheempiricallybased predictivemethodsgivenintherelevantguidelinematerialarebasedonnoncohesivematerialandmy analysiswouldthereforebeconsideredconservative.Toimprovemyanalysis,Iinvestigatedapplicable scourpredictionmethodsforcohesivematerialbyplacingapostonmycompany'sinhouseskills network,reviewingthemaritimelibrary,completingsearchesonGoogle,Compendexand ScienceDirect,forexample. Bysuccessfullyworkingwithmycolleaguesandcompletingthescourassessment,Ibecamethemain pointofcontactwithinmygroupforallscourrelatedprojectissues. Duringmyscourassessment,itbecamecleartomethattherewasaknowledgegapwithinthegroupon assessingwaterwayscourwithinthebridgedesignprocess.Iexercisedinformalleadershipbygivinga presentationtomygroup'squarterlymeeting,consistingofapproximately70engineersandCAD technicians,onwaterwayscourmechanics. Igavea15minutepresentationtomygroupwiththeaidofPowerPointslides.Istartedmypresentation byexplainingtheimportanceofwhyscourneedstobeconsideredandgavesomeillustrativeexamples onbridgesaroundtheworldwhichhavefailedduetoscour.Iexplainedthepredictiveempiricallybased methods,namelygeneral,constrictiveandlocalscourequationsprovidedintherelevantguideline material.Iwasabletohighlight'watchits'andlessonslearntapplicabletoeachpredictivemethod. Iexplainedtheimportanceofworkingwithourfloodmodellersandgeotechnicalengineersinorderto gainanunderstandingofpeakvelocitymagnitudeanddirectionandinsituriver/creekbedconditions, respectively.Iemphasisedthatthescouranalysisshouldstartatpreliminarydesignstageandnot retrospectivelyattheendofdetaileddesign.Ialsoemphasisedthatproposedbridgepiersshouldbe alignedwiththeflowoftheriver/creekwherepractical.Ihighlightedthispointgraphicallyby highlightinganincreasingtrendofpredictedscourdepthwithanincreasingincidentflowangle.Ialso
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 highlightedthedynamicnatureofscourshouldbeborneinmindwhenthinkingofthescourprocess.I explainedthatasthefloodvelocityreducedfromitspeak,depositionwithinthescourholeislikely occur. AlloftheabovepointswerekeyconceptswhichIexplainedindetailthroughgraphicalmeans.My presentationwaswellreceived.Itwasclearthatmostpeoplewithinmygroupwerenotawareofthese keyconceptswhenconsideringscourmechanicsandprediction.Ifinishedmypresentationby recommendingthatanymemberofmyteamshouldcomeandseemewithanyquestionsthatmay haveforfutureprojectwork.

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Claim9.Performance
MyclientrecentlyrequestedthatIinspectarollonrolloff(RoRo)rampforanLNGprojectsituated withinAustralia.Mycompanycompletedtherampdesign,beforeIcommencedmyemploymentwith them.Therampwasatriskoffailureduetopropellerwashduringvesseloperations. Iimmediatelywenttositetogainabetterunderstandingofthesituationbyhavingdiscussionswithmy client,andtheirtransportationlogisticsbusinessarm.Throughmydiscussionsonsite,itwasclearthat duringtheberthingofaparticularRoRovessel,therockarmourprotectionwasbecomingunstable, leadingtothescourofthecorematerialbeneaththeconcreteramp.Iinformedmyclientthatmy immediateprioritiesweretocompleteadesignreviewofthestructureandsecondly,proposesome remediationoptionsforreview. Oncebackintheoffice,Icompletedadesignreviewoftheramp'srockprotection.Iconcludedthatthe structurewasbeingcompromisedduetheoperationofthelargeRoRovessel'stwinazimuthpropeller thrustersatitsstern.Eachpropellerutilised1000horsepoweror736kilowattsandIimmediately highlightedtomydesignmanagerthattheRoRovesselwasoutsidetheboundsoftheadopteddesign criteria.ThedesignmanagerandIparticipatedinteleconferenceswithrepresentativesoftheclientand theirtransportationlogisticsarmandasubcontractortodiscussbothtemporaryandpermanent solutions. Forthepermanentsolution,Irecommendedtheuseofaproprietaryproducttoprotecttheexisting structurefrompropellerscour. Icalledthedesigner,todiscusswithhimhisproductanditspotentialapplicationfortheRoRoramp. Overnumerousphonecalls,Ibuiltuparapportwiththedesigner.Ispokewithmyclientanditwasclear thattherewassomeinternalresistancetotheuseoftheproduct,forvariousreasons.Iexercised leadershipbyproposingthatallconcernedpartiesmeetonsitetodiscussallaspectsoftheproduct. Myclientagreedwithmyapproach.Thesitevisitandworkshopwassuccessfullycompletedasit allowedallpartiestodiscusstheproductanditsexpectedperformanceforourparticularapplication. Iexercisedcompetencebycreatingatechnicalperformancespecificationforthedesignandsupplyof theproduct.Withinmytechnicalperformancespecification,Iprovidedthefollowinginformationto ensurethattheproductwasdesignedtoprovidetherequiredperformance; Designwaterlevels,wavesandcurrentsfortheRoRoramp Designvesselparametersincludingpropellerdiameter,enginepowerandapplicationofengine powertothepropellerwhileberthing. Minimumpropellerwashvelocitiesattheseabedforthedesignvessel ConstructiondrawingsandspecificationoftheRoRoramp ExistinghydrographicsurveyoftheRoRorampberthpocketandapproaches AllavailablegeotechnicalinformationoftheRoRorampandsurroundingarea CompleteddiversurveysoftheRoRorampinitscompromisedstate,towhichIhadcommissioned. Iincludedaclausewithinmytechnicalperformancespecification,toensurethattheprovisionofdesign calculationsweremandatoryforcompanyreview.Ialsosuggestedtomyclientthatarequestfora performancewarrantyshouldbemadethroughthecommercialcontractualarrangement.
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 Mytechnicalperformancespecificationensuredthatmyclientwasabletoprocureacorrectlydesigned productfortheparticularRoRoramp. Iaddedvaluebyrecommendingthatanotherhydrographicsurveybeundertakenwithparticularfocus ontheberthpocket.TheclientagreedandIwasabletocompleteadeltaplotcomparingthenew hydrographicsurveytoabaselinehydrographicsurveytoaccuratelydeterminepropellerwashscour extents.Tominimiseanypotentialmovementoftheproductandensureperformance,Iproposedto burythefreeendoftheproduct0.5metresbeyondmypredictedscourdepth.Inaddition,myrequest foradditionalhydrographicalsurveyaddedvalueasIwasabletooptimisetheproductcoverage extents.

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Claim10.Takingaction
Imanaged,leadandwasresponsibleforthedeliveryofasuccessfulproposaltocompleteastructural conditionassessmentofasmalltownsconvictbuiltandheritagelistedcausewayanditsexposed seawall. Afterreviewingtherequestfortenderdocuments,Icontactedmystructural,geotechnicaland geophysicalinternalcolleaguesrequestingtheirinputintomyproposal.Ialsoengagedasubconsultant toprovideheritageadviceandservices.Irequestedthattheyallreviewthetenderandprovidean estimateoftheircosts,proposedmethodology,theirCV'sandanyothersupportingmaterialwhich wouldhelpmyteamtowintheproject.Icoordinatedthebidprocessandintegratedallmaterial receivedintomyproposal.Icreatedamasterspreadsheetwithanestimateofmycompany'scollective costtocompletetheworks.Iproposedareductioninmycompany'schargeoutratestoensuremybid wascompetitive,towhichmygroupmanageragreed. Iwrotetheproposalandwasresponsiblefortheproposedmethodology.Theclienthadrequested GroundPenetratingRadar(GPR)geophysicaltestingintheirtenderrequest.Afterconsultingwithmy colleagues,Imadethedecisiontodeviatefromtheclient'srequestandrecommendMultiAnalysisof SurfaceWaves(MASW)seismictesting.Ihighlightedwithinmyproposalthatitwasbothcosteffective andtechnicallyadvantageoustoadopttheMASWseismicsurveyapproach. Irequested,andwasgivenpermissionbymygroupmanagertocompleteasiteinspectionofthe seawallduringproposalstage.Althoughthisinvolvedanincreasedexpensebeforepotentialcontract award,Iwasabletoaddvaluetomybiddocumentbydemonstratinganimprovedknowledgeofthe seawall.Forexample,Iwasabletohighlightwithinmybiddocumentthattheseawallhadfailedina numberoflocations.Iinformedmyclientthatoneparticularlocationoftheseawallhadfailedand posedarisktothehealthandsafetyofthepublic.Idefinedmyproposedscope,clearlystatedproject specificqualificationsandaccuratelyestimatedmycompany'sfee. Myproposalwasacceptedandmycompanywasawardedthecontract.Aspermyproposal,I immediatelyorganisedaninceptionmeetingwiththelocalauthority.Iorganisedforourheritagesub consultanttojoinusinordertoshowmyclientthatwecameasapreparedandcoordinatedteam.At theendofthemeetingIaskedmyclienttoprovidefeedbackonourproposal.Theystatedthatmy companywasawardedthecontractasmybidprovidedgreatestvaluebasedonmyproposed alternativemethodology.Theclientstatedthatafterreadingmyproposaltheyfeltconfidentinour abilitytosuccessfullydelivertheproject. Oncethecontractwasofficiallyawardedtomycompany,Isetupajobnumberinmycompany's internalfinancialmanagementsystem.Icreatedsubjobnumbersandassignedthemtothevarious internalgroupswhowereworkingontheproject.Inlinewithmycompany'sQualityAssurance(QA) policy,Icreatedtasksheetsforallpersonnelworkingontheproject.Foreachtasksheet,Idocumented theirbrief,expecteddeliverablesandbudget.Irequestedeachmemberofmyteamtoreviewandonce satisfied,signtheirindividualtasksheet.Inlinewithmycompany'spolicyandastheprojectmanager,I feltcomfortableinthefactthatmyteammembersweretakingownershipoftheirindividualtasks. Icheckedandtrackedactualincurredprojectcostsagainstmybudgetedamountsonaweeklybasis.
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 Followingtheinceptionmeeting,IensuredthatIadheredtomycompany'smanagement systemsand processes.Theseincludedbutwerenotlimitedto; Ensuringthatourheritagesubconsultantsignedmycompany'sstandardsubconsultancy agreement. Completinga15%projectreviewwithmyprojectdirector. Ikeptmycompany'sQAelectronicjobmanagementsystemupdatedatalltimes.Astheproject manager,IwasawarethatIneededtodothistoensurethatmycompanyadheredtotheISO9001 QualityAssurance,AS/NZS4801:2001OccupationalHealthandSafetyandISO14001Environmental accreditation. Ikeptmycompany'selectronicfinancialjobmanagementsystemsupdatedatalltimes.This includedrecordingallagreedvariationsandinvoicingforworkscompletedbyagreedmilestone dates.

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Claim11.Judgment

Imanaged,leadandwasresponsibleforsuccessfuldeliveryofastructuralconditionassessmentofaconvictbuilt andheritagelistedcausewayanditsexposedseawall.Myclientwasalocalgovernmentauthority.Iwas responsibleforsupervising,monitoringandevaluatingtheworkofamultidisciplinaryteammadeupof structural,geotechnicalandgeophysicalengineersandaheritagesubconsultant. IsupervisedandmonitoredtheMultiChannelAnalysisofSurfaceWaves(MASW)geophysicalsurveyonsite, whichwascompletedbymyinternalcolleagues.IworkedwiththeMASWgeophysicalsurveyteamonsiteand duetotimeconstraints;Irecommendedthattheirscopeofworksbeamendedtoensurethatthecritical componentsofthecausewayfillwereanalysed.MyclientrequestedthatthepreliminaryMASWresultsbesent tothemfortheirreview.IevaluatedtheMASWresultstoensurethatmyclient'srequirementsweremet.I ensuredthatthePandSwavevelocitytomogramsmadedirectreferencetothesoilreferencethresholdvalues, therebyprovidingclearinterpretationoftheidentifiedweakzonesbehindtheseawall. Whileonsite,itbecameclearthatthelocalLandsCouncilAboriginalCorporationrepresentative,whowasthere torepresenttheviewsoftraditionalownersoftheregion,hadnotbeeninformedofourplannedactivities.Itook ituponmyselftoimmediatelyintroducemyselftotherepresentativeandinformhimofourplannedactivities whichincludedaconditionassessmentoftheseawallandMultiChannelAnalysisofSurfaceWaves(MASW) geophysicalsurveyofthecausewayfillbehindtheseawall.Mydecisiveapproachhelpedtoresolveasituation whichcouldhaveledtoatemporarycessationofourworks. Attheendofallinvestigationsbyallparties,Ihadreceivedreportsinvariousformatswrittenbydifferent authors.ImadethejudgementthatitwasimperativethatIcombinealltextintoonemasterreport,wherethe findingswerelinkedandtheconclusionsflowedaccordingly.Ispentsomeadditionaltimeproducinga consolidatedreport,howevermyjudgementensuredthatourtechnicalconclusionswereclearandconcise. IreviewedandevaluatedthegeotechnicalboreholedataandtheMASWgeophysicalsurveywithrespecttothe structuralintegrityoftheseawall.Thegeotechnicalboreholelogsshowedthatthematerialbehindthefullheight oftheseawallwasmadeupofaclayeysandmatrix.TheMASWgeophysicalsurveyconfirmedaconsistentclayey sandmatrixalongtheentireseawalllength.Imadetheengineeringjudgementthatwithinmystructural conditionassessmentreport,asectiontitled'failuremechanism'wasrequired.Isurmisedthatduetothelackof anappropriatefilterlayer,whichIwasabletoconfirmduringtheconditionassessment,therewasahighriskof causewaymaterialbeingwashedoutduetobothtidalvariationandwaveaction.Withinthissectionofthe report,Iexplainedhowthisfailuremechanismwasleadingtoroadsubsidenceandlossofstructuralinterlock withintheseawallrockface. IconsultedwithmyProjectDirector.IsuggestedtotheProjectDirectorthatbasedontheevidencefoundduring theinvestigationandthesubsequentassessmentofrisk;closingthetrafficlaneimmediatelyadjacenttothe seawallshouldbeoneofthekeyrecommendationsofmyreport.Myreportconclusivelyshowedthatfailureof theseawallandadjacentroadwaywashighduetoitsassessedconditionanditsdeficientperformance.My ProjectDirectorreviewedmyreport,providedfeedbackandgavehissupporttothisconclusion. Inmyfinalstructuralconditionassessmentreport,Iexercisedsoundengineeringjudgementbyproviding5 remediationoptionsforclientreview.Istatedthatthe5optionswerepreparedatconceptlevelonlydueto limitationofavailableinformation.Duetoscopelimitation,Imadethedecisiontosuggesttomyclientthatan optionsassessmentbasedonpredefinedcriteria,suchasfinancial,environment,cultural,heritage,economicetc. shouldbecompletedinfuturestagestoensurethatallinterestspertinenttotheseawallaregivendue consideration. Myreport,includingtheengineeringjudgementsthatImade,wereacceptedbymyclient. 22

Claim12.AdvancedEngineeringKnowledge(PE)KnowledgeofStandardisedPractices (EA)KnowledgeofTechnology(ET)
Iwasaskedbyaninternalcolleaguetocompleteamooringanalysisof6differentvesselclasstypes andpredictvesselmotionenvelopesforaconceptualportinopenwateroffthecoastof WesternAustralia.MyportplanningcolleagueaskedthatIcompletetheanalysisasheknewIwas competentwithaproprietarymooringanalysissoftwarepackage,andrequestedthatafew'quick calculations'wouldbesufficient. Initially,itbecamecleartomethatIneededtoprovidefurtherexplanationoftheengineering fundamentalstomyportplanningcolleague.Iwroteatechnicalnoteexplainingthetheoryand fundamentalsofvesselmotionandincludedasectionontheaccuraciesandlimitationsofthecurrent commercialnumericalmodellingsoftwarepackages. Istatedthatinthefirstinstance,itisparamounttohaveanunderstandingofthemetocean conditionsofthesite,includingwind,waveandcurrentcomponents.Iexplainedthatitisalso paramounttocompleteaninitialinvestigationintothesusceptibilityofthesitetolongperiodwaves. Iwentontoexplainthatmostcommercialmodelsdonotaccuratelypredictvesselmotionsdueto longperiodwaves,contrarytothesoftwareproprietorsclaim. Iexplainedthatvesselmotionistypicallymadeuptobothstaticanddynamiccomponents.Iclarified thatstaticmotionsarepredominantlyduetowind,currentandwavedriftforceactingonavessel.I emphasisedthatthecurrentproprietarymooringsoftwareversionprocuredbyourcompanywas onlysuitableforstaticanalysis. Ithenwentontoexplainthatdynamicvesselmotionsduetowindgustingand/orincidentwave componentsactingonthevesselarerequiredtobemodelledinthetimedomain.Iexplainedthatthe softwarepackagehasthecapacitytocalculate'quasidynamic'vesselmotionsthroughtheuseof theirHydrodynamicCoefficientFiles(HCF).IexplainedthattheHCFfilescomprisesasetof6degrees offreedomhydrodynamicdatawhichhasbeengeneratedbyanindependenttestedprogramcalled AQWA,whichisacceptedindustrystandard.Iexplainedthattheproprietarymooringsoftwarerefers totheHCFdatatocalculatetherelevantresponseamplitudeoperators(ROA's)foraparticularwater depth,vesselsize,draft,trimmetacentricheight(GM)andselectedrolldamping. Mytechnicalnotestatedthatthestaticonlysoftwaremodelconsidersthewaveheightandperiod withinthefrequencydomainandnotthetimedomain.Iexplainedthatthesoftwareproprietors claimthattheuseofHCFfilesequatestoafullydynamicmodel.Basedonfundamentaltheory,I advisedmycolleaguethattheuseoftheHCFfilesequatestoa'quasidynamic'modelonlyandcareful considerationneedstobegiventothevariousdefinitions.IadvisedmycolleaguethatIhave previouslyutilisedthe'quasidynamic'modelsforadetaileddesignofaLNGjetty. Imadetherecommendationthattosimulatethetruedynamiccomponentofvesselmotion,amodel whichcaptureswaveheightandperiodinthetimedomainisrequired.Iadvisedmycolleaguethat ourcurrentversionofthesoftwaredidnot,atthetime,havethiscapability.Icontactedthesoftware proprietors,andtheyinformedmethattheywerecurrentlyworkingtoupgradetheirsoftwareto includewaveheightandperiodinthetimedomain.Inaddition,Icontactedourinhousewave modellors,andtheyconfirmedthatthesiteissusceptibletolongperiodwaves. 23

 Basedonthesefacts,IgavemyrecommendationwithinmytechnicalnotethatIdidnothavethe capacitywiththecurrenttoolsathandtoaccuratelypredictvesselmotions.Iprovided detailsof knowncommercialnumericalmodelsprovidedbyotherswhichhadthecapacitytomodellong periodwavesandthereforepredictvesselmotionsaccurately.

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Claim13.Localknowledge
Iwasresponsiblefortheconceptualdesignofarockrevetmentsolutionforabeachfrontpropertyin Queensland,Australia.Ifirstlyconsultedmycompany'slibraryanddeterminedthatthefollowinglocal documentsprovidedthemostrelevantinformationindescribingthecoastalprocessesatthelocalarea: HerveyBayBeachesbytheBeachProtectionAuthorityQueensland(1989). QueenslandClimateChangeandCommunityVulnerabilitytoTropical Cyclones:OceanHazardsAssessmentStages2and3,bytheMarineModellingUnitofJamesCook University(2004).Iensuredthatmyconceptualdesignadheredtothefollowinglegislationand standards; Iensuredthatmytechnicaldesignadheredtothefollowinglegislationandstandards; QueenslandCoastalPlan(2012)(recentlyrevoked)whichreplacedtheStateManagementCoastal Plan(2001)andassociatedregionalcoastalmanagementplans. TheOperationalPolicy,buildingandengineeringstandardsfortidalworksundertheCoastal ProtectionandManagementAct(1995).Thepolicyprovidestheminimumbuildingandengineering criteriafortidalworksapprovedundertheSustainablePlanningAct(2009). AustralianStandard(AS)4997(2005)Guidelinesforthedesignofmaritimestructures BritishStandard(BS)6349(2000)MaritimeStructuresPart1 TheRockManual,CIRIAC683(2007) CoastalEngineeringManual(CEM)(2006)byUSArmyCorp RandomSeasandtheDesignofMaritimeStructures(2000)byGoda Allaforementioneddocumentssubsequentlyformedmydesignbasis.Mydesignbasisconsistedofthe followingadoptedparameters; Iadopteda50yearstormeventasdefinedintheoperationalpolicy,buildingandengineering standardsfortidalworksundertheCoastalProtectionandManagementAct(1995). Tidalplanes(2004)withintheJamesCookUniversitystudieswereadopted.Inotedthatthe2012 HATlevelwas90mmhigherthanthe2004leveladoptedwithinthepublishedstudy.Inlinewith goodpracticeforthedesignofcoastalstructures,Iaddedthedifferencetomydesignstormtide level. ExtremewaveheightsandperiodswereprovidedinboththeHerveyBayBeachesandJamesCook studies.IdeterminedthattheJamesCookstudiesprovidedthemostrelevantoffshore200year waveheightandperiodwithacorrespondingdepthforwavetransformationpurposes. TheQueenslandCoastalPlan(2012)recommended0.4mofsealevelriseuntiltheyearof2060 whichexceedsthe50yearvalueof200mmgivenwithinAS4997.IadoptedtheQueenslandCoastal Plan(2012)sealevelrisevalueasIdeemeditasmostappropriatefortheprojectsite. IreferredtotheTheRockManualforguidelinesonovertoppingvaluesandassociateddamage levels.IadoptedaconservativelimitinlinewiththeOperationalpolicy,buildingandengineering standardsfortidalworks. IadoptedabeachslopefromthesurveyprovidedinTheHerveyBayBeachesdocumentasnoother bathymetrywasavailable. Iadoptedarockrevetment'damagefactor'androcktoelevelofLATinaccordancewiththe Operationalpolicy,buildingandengineeringstandardsfortidalworks.
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 IutilisedtheCoastalandRiverEngineeringSupportSystem(CRESS)programtocompletewave transformationcalculationsandcorrespondingwaveheightestimateswithinthesurfzone.TheCRESS programutilisesthecompositeWeibulldistributionofwaveheightsinshallowwaterbasedonBattjes andGroenendijk(2000).Asreference,IreadthroughBattjesandGroenendijk(2000)papertoensure thatIunderstoodtheassumptionsandlimitationoftheirgivenapproach. Iconcludedthatthepredictedsignificantwaveheightwithinthesurfzonewouldbreakbeforereaching thestructuretoeduetodepthlimitation.Ithencreatedaspreadsheetandcalculatedthedepthlimited waveheightbasedonRandomSeasandtheDesignofMaritimeStructuresbyGoda. IreadtheapplicablesectionsonrockarmourhydraulicstabilityunderwaveactionwithinTheRock Manual.IappliedtheVanderMeerVanGent(2004)equationastherevetmentwaswithinthewave breakingzone.IgradedtherockamourandunderlayerbasedonthefilterrulesgivenintheCEM.I completedacheckofmydesignwiththecommercialsoftwarecalled,Breakwat,producedbyDelft Deltaresandfoundthatmydesigncalculationswerecorrect.

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Claim14.Problemanalysis
In2010,Iwasresponsibleforthedeliveryofthestaticanddynamicmooringanalysis,includingthe effectsofpassingship,forsixLNGdesignvessels. Myclienthadspecifiedthattheaproprietarymooringsoftwarepackagewastobeusedtoconductthe analysis.IhadnoexperiencewiththesoftwarepriortoawardofdetaileddesignoftheLNGjetty.My firstactionwastopostathreadonmycompany'sinhouseskillsnetworkinordertodetermineifthere wasanyonewithinmycompanywhohadahighlevelofexperiencewiththesoftware.Theresounding responsewasthattherewasnoonewithinmycompanywhohadexperiencewithit,letalonewas competentwithutilisingthesoftware.Ideterminedthatmycompanyhadasoftwarelicenceinan overseasoffice,howeverithadnotbeenusedforsometime.Iorganisedwithmycolleaguesinthis officetogainaccesstotheirstandalonecomputerwhichhadthesoftwareinstalled.Thisprovedquick andefficientandmorecosteffectivethansendingthedongleviaairmail. IthenappliedforinternalfundingwhereIproposedtoreplicatethesoftwareresultsofareference mooringanalysisthatwasprovidedbymyclientduringtenderdesignstage.Ialsoproposedtocomplete atechnicaldiscussionpaperattheendofmyworkstodocumentmyunderstandingofthesoftware packageandtheinformationgapsthatIidentified.Iprovidedabusinesscaseandbudgettocomplete mystudy.Fundingwassubsequentlyapproved. Intheprocessofcompletingthemodellingreplication,Ireadthroughthesoftwareusermanualand foundthismostbeneficialtomylearning's.Myreplicatedresultswerewithin3and5%forfenderand mooringlineloads,respectively,comparedtothereferencemooringanalysisresultsprovidedbythe client.IconcludedthatthepercentagedifferenceinresultswasduetothefactthatIwasutilisinga staticonlyapproachwithinthesoftware.Thereferencedesigntookaquasistaticapproachthroughthe useofhydrodynamiccoefficientfiles(HCF)whichmodelwaveinducedvesselmotionswithinthe frequencydomain.IimmediatelyidentifiedthattheprocurementofHCFfileswascriticaltothemooring analysisandIrecommendedtheprocurementofthecorrectHCFfilesbasedonthedesignvessels. Attheconclusionofmyinvestigation,Iprogressedtohavingabasicunderstandingofhowtousethe software.Iwasabletodefinethemajorcomponentryofthesoftware,andwasaptatcarryingout futureinvestigations.Forexample,thereferencedesignreportprovidedbymyclientwastitle,'dynamic mooringanalysis'.Iwasabletohighlightthattechnicallythiswasnotaccurate,aswavesarenot modelledwithinthetimedomain.Isuggestedtomycolleaguesthatthereportshouldhavebeennamed 'quasidynamicmooringanalysis'asthesoftwareatthetimemodelledwaveswithinthefrequency domainonly.Thisfundamentalunderstandingwasobtainedbymyresearchandreplicationof previouslymodelledscenariosbyothers. Isentmytechnicaldiscussionpapertomypeerswithinthemaritimegroup,themaritimedesignlead fortheLNGjetty,andfinallytheexecutiveleveldesignteamfortheirreview.Iconcludedmy investigationbymakingrecommendationsonhowbesttoproceedwiththemooringanalysisonce detaileddesignhadbeenofficiallyawarded.Thisincluded; Documentingtheversionofthesoftwarerequiredformyselfandmyteamtocompletethemooring analysisinordertocompletedetaileddesignphaseasperclientrequirements. Ialsoprovidedabudgetedestimateforthesoftwarewhichwasconfirmedby quotationfromthe supplier.
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Settingupasubconsultancyagreementwiththesupplier,TensionTechnology,toactinachecking andreviewroleofmysimulationsduetoalackofinhouseexpertise.Iconcludedmydiscussion paperbyrecommendingthattrainingbythesupplierwasrequiredinordertoobtainathoroughand clearunderstandingofthetechnicalissuesassociatedwiththesoftware.

Iconcludedmydiscussionpaperbyrecommendingthattrainingbythesupplierwasrequiredin ordertoobtainathoroughandclearunderstandingofthetechnicalissuesassociatedwiththe proprietarymooringsoftware.

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Claim15.CreativityandInnovation/AdvancedOperation/PredictableOperation
During2012,Iwasresponsiblefortheconceptualdesignofarockrevetmentsolutionforabeachfront property. Isketched4structurallysoundandeconomicconceptualdesignoptionsforbothatypicalrockandonelayer cubesolution,formyclient'sreview.Inordertocomparetherevetmentfootprintandthereforeoverallcost, Iprovidedrevetmentsolutionsbasedona1in2and1in1.5slope. Byprovidinga1in1.5slopesolutionIwasabletoshowanoverallreductionintherevetmentfootprintand therebyprovidevalueduetoareducerockvolume.However,Iclearlyhighlightedonmysketchdrawings thattheD50(medianrocksizedefinedasthesizeforwhich50%byweightofthematerialisfiner)increased from550kilogramfora1in2slopeto800kilogramfor1in1.5slope.Ihighlightedtomyclientthatthe increaseinarmoursizewasbasedonafirstprincipal'sapproach,byexplainingthatthewaveenergy dissipationprovidedbythestructurewouldbelessforasteeperslope.Icreatedvaluebysuggestingtomy clientthatacostbenefitanalysisbasedonlocalquarryrateswouldberequiredinordertodeterminewhich solutionwasmostcosteffective. Iconcludedthatthepredictedsignificantwaveheightwithinthesurfzonewouldbreakbeforereachingthe structuretoeduetodepthlimitation.Icreatedaspreadsheetandcalculatedthedepthlimitedwaveheight basedonRandomSeasandtheDesignofMaritimeStructuresbyGoda.Itestedarangeofvaluesforeach parametertocheckthesensitivityofGoda'sequation.Forexample,Iinvestigatedwavebreakerheightsat thestructureforstormtide,HATandLAT.Duetothelowtopographyoftheproperty,itwasclearthat breakingwaveswouldovertoptheproposedcrestatstormtideandHATwaterlevels.Irationalisedmy solution(i.e.byreducingthedesignbreakingwaveheightonthestructureandconsequentlyreducingthe rockarmoursize)byconcludingthatthedesignwaveforthisparticularstructurewouldbedepthlimited.I createdvaluebyconcludingthatthedesignwaveheightwouldbelimitedbytherevetmentcrestlevel. Myclienthadconstructeda'quasi'revetmentwalloutof450onetonne(approximately)concreteblocks. Therevetmentwallsubsequentlyfailed,hencemydesign.Iconsideredthereuseoftheexisting450one tonne(approximately)concreteblocksinasinglelayerarmoursolution.IreferredtoTheRockManualinthe firstinstanceandfoundthatdesignexperiencewithsinglelayeredcubeswasverylimited.Duetothe conceptualnatureofmyworkandthepotentialtosavetheclientasubstantialsumofcapitalexpenditure,I deemeditappropriatethatsinglelayercubesolutionshouldbeinvestigatedataconceptuallevelforclient review.Ireadthepaperbytheauthor,J.W.VanderMeer,forwhichtheguidancegiveninTheRockManual isbased.Ididthistoensurethatmydesignwaswithinthevalidityboundsandfundamentalprinciplesofthe experimentsperformedbyVandeerMeer.Mycalculationsshowedthat'breaking'theconcreteblocksin halvehadsomefeasibility.Throughmyinvestigationsandprovisionofsketchdrawingstomyclient,Iwas abletocreatevaluefrombothasustainabilityandcostpointofview. Iprovidedvaluetomyclientbyimplementingariskbaseddesignapproach.TheVanderMeerequation whichIutilisedallowsthesizeoftherockarmourtochangeinproportiontotheselected'damagefactor'.As partofmydesignbasis,Iallowedan'initial'damagefactorequivalentto'fewunitsbeingdisplaced'during thedesignstormevent.Iinformedmyclientthatbyacceptingmydesignapproach,somemaintenancemay berequiredafterastormevent.Withmyclientacceptingsomepotentialmaintenancerequirementsofthe structure,Iwasabletoprovideasubstantialcapitalexpendituresavingbyreducingthesizeoftherockand therocklayerthickness.

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Claim16.Evaluation
Iwasrequestedtocompleteaninspectionandevaluatetheconstructionofatestpanelforarock causewaystructureforanLNGproject.Atestpanelisademonstrationofcorrectrockunderlayerand armourplacementandmostimportantlyprovidesabaselineforacceptableconstructionpractice. IimmediatelyreviewedtherockarmourspecificationandIconcludedthatthespecificationdidnot providesufficientdetailonhowtoconductatestpanel.Iconcludedthatfurtherexplanationofhowa testpanelshouldbeperformedwasrequired.Ialsostatedtomyclientthatcorrectcompletionofthe testpanelalonedidnotconstitutecertificationoftheworks. Beforearrivingonsite,IreadtherelevantsectionsoftheTheRockManual,CIRIAC683(2007)with regardstotestpanelsinordertoensurethatmyadvicewascorrectandwouldnotadverselyimpactthe works.OnceIwasonsite,IrequestedatoolboxtalkwiththeclientandcontractorwhereIexplained theimportanceofatestpanelanditsrelevanceasareferencepointduringconstruction. Istatedtoallpartiesthatthefollowingcriteriawouldbeadopted: Thetestpanelwouldbecompletedfortherockarmourlayeronlyastheunderlayerhadbeen alreadyconstructed; A5metresectionwouldneedtobemarkedoutonsitewithspraypaintorsimilarapprovedby myself; Aweighingmechanismandappropriaterecordingdocumentationoftherockarmourwasrequired onsite; Therockamourtobeusedinthetestpanelwouldneedtobeseparatelystockpiledtoallowtimefor myinspectionandapproval; Thetestpanelwastocommenceatlowtidetomaximisevisualinspectionofthebuiltstructure; Provisionof'asconstructed'surveyofthecore,underlayerandrockarmourlayersasperthe specification; Anexpectedrockarmourplacementdensityof1.6to1.7tonne/m3. Iprovidedthisadditionalcriterionasmyreviewoftherockarmourspecificationdeemeditnecessary.I alsospoketotheexcavatoroperatorandconfirmedthatthefollowingcriteriawereapplicabletohis operations: 'Bottomup'placementofrockarmourfromthetoewasexpectedtoensureadequateinterlock; Placedrockarmourmusthavethreepointofcontacttoensureadequateinterlock; Thefaceoftherockamourshouldbeirregularinnature.Thiswascontrarytotheoperator'sviewof rockarmourplacementsoIgaveatheoreticalexplanationinlayman'stermsonthereasoning behindthiscriterion. Ifirstlyinspectedtheweightscalewithinthefrontendloaderanddeemedthisasufficientmechanism toweightherockarmour.Ideemedtheuseofafrontendloaderwasappropriateasopposedtothe useofalternativemethodssuchasweighingeachindividualarmourrock,therebycausingminimal impactontheworksprogramme.

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 Iconfirmedthatthemarkedupsectionforthetestpanelwassufficient.Ispokewiththesurveyorand confirmedthat'asconstructed'levelswereavailableforthecoreandunderlayerasperthe specification.Itheninspectedthestockpiledrockarmourandapproveditsqualityagainstthe specification.Ialsoretainedacopyoftherockarmourweightreceipt. AtlowtideIapprovedthecommencementofthetestpanel.IpositionedmyselfonsitewhereIcould bestviewtheplacementofrockarmour.Afterwatchingtheexcavatoroperatorforsometime,I confirmedthatbucketplacementofrockarmourwassatisfactoryasopposedto'grab'placement,which hadbeensuggestedtomeasanalternative.Whenthetestpanelconcluded,Irequestedtheexcavator operatortotakeGPSlevelsatthetoeandcrestofthestructure.Basedontheweightedtonnageofrock armour,preliminarylevelstakenwiththeexcavatorandmyvisualinspection,Iwasabletocomplete somepreliminarycalculationsandevaluatethetestpanelassatisfactory.Imadethepointonsitethat myevaluationwaspreliminaryonlyandwassubjecttofurtherchecksonce'asconstructed'surveywas complete. Myevaluationensuredoverallqualityassurancewasmetasperthespecificationandminimalimpact ontheworksprogrammewasachieved.

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Prepared by Fiona Tregoning Engineering House 11 National Circuit Barton ACT 2600 Phone: (02) 6270 6571 Fax: (02) 6273 2354 Email: ftregoning@engineersaustralia.org.au Web: www.engineersaustralia.org.au/echartered 32