BIOMASS AND GEOTHERMAL ENERGIES

CONTENTS BIOTHERMAL 1. HOW IT WORKS 2. TYPES 3. FACILITIES 4. ADVANTAGES AND DISVANTAGES 5. WHERE IT IS 6. ENVIROMENTAL IMPACT AND COST GEOTHERMAL 1. HOW IT WORKS 2. TYPES 3. FACILITIES 4. ADVANTAGES AND DISVANTAGES 5. WHERE IT IS 6. ENVIROMENTAL IMPACT AND COST (EACH TIME THAT CHANGE ONE OF OUR NAMES IT SIGNIFY THAT WE CHANGE TO THE NEXT POINT) (THE POINTS ARE IN ORDER)

(MANU)

BIOMASS ENERGY HOW IT WORKS (by Oscar)

DEFINITION +INTRODUCTION.
Bioenergy or biomass energy is a type of renewable energy from the use of organic and industrial materials formed in a biological or mechanical process , it is usually taken from waste substances that make up living things (plants , humans, animals , etc.) , or their remains and debris. The use of biomass energy is directly (eg by burning) , or transformation into other substances that can be exploited later as fuels or food.1 Not considered as biomass energy , but could be included in a broad sense, the energy contained in the food supplied to animals and people, which is converted into energy in these organisms in a high percentage , in the process of cellular respiration . In its narrowest sense is a synonym for biofuels (fuels derived from biological sources ) . In its broadest sense also includes biomass, the biological material used art as a biofuel , as well as the social, economic, scientific and related to the use of biological energy sources . There is a slight trend in favor of bioenergy in Europe , compared with biofuels in North America . (HERE WE PUT AN EXPLAINING VIDEO THAT WE PUT LATER IN OUR BLOG)

PROCESSES.
TRANSFORMATION OF THE DRY BIOMASS:
The energy content of the dry biomass is easier to exploit, by thermochemical processes such as combustion, pyrolysis or obtained gasificacin.1 Energy efficiency is usually high. The attached table shows the products obtained in this achievement, most notably heat (for heating, boilers, etc.), electricity produced (by passing steam at high pressure by an electric generator attached to a turbine) states, hot water vapor, or different fuels (methanol, methane).( HERE WE PUT AN EXPLAINING TABLE WITH THE FUELS)

TRANSFORMATION OF THE WET BIOMASS .

In this case biochemical transformation processes are used, less energy efficiency and longer processing times. They have more ecological interest (many are pollutants) that energy harvesting itself. (HERE WE PUT TWO SHORTS AND EXPLAINING VIDEOS OF TWO PROCESSES)

TYPES (BY OSCAR)

NATURAL
It is embracing the forests, trees, shrubs, crop plants, etc. . For example , in a series of forestry residues or by-products are produced with high energy which are not suitable for the manufacture of furniture and paper , such as leaves and twigs, and that can be tapped as an energy source .

The wood waste can be harnessed to produce energy. Similarly, can be used as fuel residues processing industries of wood, such as sawmills, timber and furniture factories and other more materials. The "energy crop" are another form of biomass consisting of crops or plantations that are made exclusively for energy purposes, ie , to harness their energy content. Among these crops have, for example, trees such as poplar or other specific plants. Sometimes, they are usually not included in the biomass energy that is restricted to that obtained secondarily from waste , residues , etc . Biofuels are liquid fuels derived from agricultural materials rich in sugars such as cereals (bioethanol) or vegetable fats such as rapeseed or sunflower squash (biodiesel). This type can also be referred to as "energy crops". Bioethanol is aimed at replacing gasoline, and the [biodiesel] tries to replace diesel. It can be said that both are an alternative to traditional fuels in the transport sector, derived from petroleum (WE PUT HERE SOME PHOTOS)

RESIDUAL
That which corresponds to residues of straw, sawdust, manure, slaughterhouse waste, municipal waste, etc... The energy use of residual biomass , for example, involves obtaining energy from wood waste and agricultural residues (straw , shells , bones ... ) , urban waste , livestock waste , such as manure or manure , sewage sludge , etc. . Agricultural waste energy can also be harnessed and energy plants are using residual straw fields not used for animal fodder . Livestock waste , on the other hand , are also a source of energy. Slurry and manure from dairy farms and pigs can energetically recovered for example by exploiting the gas ( or biogas ) produced from them , to produce heat and electricity. And in the same way you can leverage the power of urban waste , they also produce a fuel gas or biogas by fermenting organic waste , which can be captured and can be used for energy producing electricity and heat that can be termed as plants biogas energy recovery from landfill .

DRY AND WET

As the proportion of water in the substances forming the biomass can also be classified into: Dry biomass: wood, firewood, forest residues, remnants of the timber industry and furniture, etc.. Wet biomass: residues from the manufacture of oils, sludge, slurry, etc

(CRISTINA PINILLA) Facilities of biomass energy:

-Decreases the CO2. -Not passed pollutants particles or solid particles. -If you use other activities this decreases the pollution. -Allows entry of large rotational crop value against cereal monocultures. -It can cause an economic increase in rural areas. -Reduces dependence on foreign fuel supplies.

LAURA

BIOMASS

All energy sources have some impact on our environment. Fossil fuels coal, oil, and natural gas do substantially more harm than renewable energy sources by most measures, including air and water pollution, damage to public health, wildlife and habitat loss, water use, land use, and global warming emissions. Learn more: The Benefits of Renewable Energy Use

It is still important, however, to understand the environmental impacts associated with producing power from renewable sources such as wind, solar, geothermal, biomass, and hydropower. The exact type and intensity of environmental impacts varies depending on the specific technology used, the geographic location, and a number of other factors. By understanding the current and potential environmental issues associated with each renewable energy source, we can takes steps to effectively avoid or minimize these impacts as they become a larger portion of our electric supply

BIOMASS / WHERE THEY ARE

Ignacio Peco Campos
Biomass comes of an organic material that produce energy which come from the photosynthesis of the plants. In this process the plants transform the energy that goes from the sun and covert it in chemical energy.Biomass can produce energy , because the energy is stoned on the dead plarts of the plants, like shells on crust.It can be come from the agricultural wastes that can produce energy when it fermets and combust and it is heated temperatures up to 100 c.Its can produce naturally because the humans dont plant them. But the grow up on the fields naturally.Or we can be obtain this kind of biomass from the agricultural waste.The humans pants the crops for cut down them. Normally are wood stemmed plants.Co2 is neutral, depends of the plants which produce more or minus .and its no the same when the plants are buned that when they are panted.Its renobable you can pant one and one time again.It produce greenhouse gases when it used like fossil fuel, if it not used as it dont produce gases.They need more energy because their use is minimal, it needs a lot of biomass and almost no chanel for biomass. ( for example : in mexico is used by 11% and this energy is from waste degradable and biodegradable) Biomass collection is difficult for their lack of the biomass processing technologies.Crops are not avaiable all year because there are mirror crops this energy alternative, for this the cost of exameple. Barley, cats, corns, sunflowers ... for this the cost of prouction are very low from the first year, but the ocupation of land is continious.

Carlos Cantero A wind megawatt, one million euros. To better show you the cost of bioenergy will teach you a notice a year ago, of iberdrola: Iberdrola has announced it will invest 22 million euros in the implementation of the Sierra de las Cabras wind farm (22 MW), which expected to be connected by the end of the year. Iberdrola has six parks in the Region of Murcia with total installed capacity of 140 MW. According to experts, the average cost per megawatt installation around one million, three hundred and fifty thousand euros. The Sierra de las Cabras park, which is located in the municipality of Murcia Jumilla, consist of eleven turbines Gamesa G97 model, two megawatts (MW) of power. The Spanish multinational will invest in this facility some 22 million euros through their company Renewable Energy in the Region of Murcia (ERRM), which owns 100% of the capital. The park, whose construction will be provided by Iberdrola Engineering, will also feature "companies and local contractors." I may not look like anything cheap, but we can assure you that ends up being profitable

GEOTHERMICAL ENERGY
MANUEL ESPADAS LOPEZ HOW IT WORKS
Geothermal energy is taking advantage of the warmth that exists underground. A certain depth, around 12 pm, the ground temperature remains constant at 18 C approximately. From a depth of 100 m. this temperature increases approximately 3 C ; It is what we call geothermal gradient. To be able to serve us constant heat which retains underground it is necessary to perform a series of holes in the ground. The depth of these perforations of between 10 and 15 centimeters in diameter , depends on the dimensions of the space to be air conditioned, of the land available for the execution of the field probes and the geological conditions of the same. Along each perforation are placed the geothermal probes in which occurs the heat exchange, consisting of a tube, usually polyethylene, fluid-filled. This circulating fluid is usually water either a saline solution with a substance antifreeze, in order to prevent the fluid solidifies if low temperatures occur on the surface of the soil. This formula is completely harmless to the environment. In addition, any of the fluids used in no time come into contact with the soil since the probe is perfectly sealed. Fluid circulates continually through the closed circuit: descends, warms up (or cools, if it's summer) and climbs again, powered by a small pump. At this point, the circulating medium yields its hot (or cold) to the refrigerant (evaporation) and then East to the medium used for heating (compression and condensation) is air or water. Then the fluid back down the circuit located in holes in the ground to get more heat, or assign it in summer, and thus continuously. This drilling system has a high performance Exchange held to a depth of between 50

and 100 m. Heat exchange improves even more if the layer of soil in which drilling is has a high water content, i.e. If you are in a phreatic layer. Of course, at no time is affected groundwater since is not used the same water, but only the temperature that has. On the other hand, there are also horizontal circuits, in which pickup lines are horizontally buried to a depth of 1.5 meters. In this case, it is necessary to have a plot or area of considerable land, which in any case may be asphalt or paved, but should it have a vegetable base cover or simply sand. Down hole circuit is calculated according to different variables: the place where the building, the surface to be heated is and the design features of the building, the geological properties of the terrain and the space available for drilling. The characteristics of the geothermal heat pump must adapt to the demand of the sizing of the system and vary depending on the needs of the space to be air conditioned.

MANUEL ESPADAS LOPEZ TYPES OF GEOTHERMAL

Geothermal energy makes use of the Earth's temperature, but according to the layer in which we find ourselves and temperature get we make use or another of it. Will analyze this classification from the shallowest to the deepest. Very low temperature geothermal energy Is the one that take advantage of solar heat accumulated in the Earth's crust , at depths to 100-150 m. or environment in underground deposits, obtaining temperatures < 30 C. That passing a fluid (water and antifreeze) at these depths acquires this temperature. Not being sufficient to supply, geothermal heat pumps, which allow with a small power consumption, to obtain the necessary temperatures of circuit, between 30 - 45 C to be heated and between 7 - 12 c to cool, with high energy efficiency systems, or low temperature air conditioning systems are used. As we can see, the temperature difference between the one obtained in the geothermal wells, or sensor geothermal and the need for air conditioning is very low, allowing us to give high performance installation. Of low temperature geothermal energy costs more than conventional air conditioning systems, but the cost of usage is up to 5 times lower than that produced by gas/diesel oil and air conditioning. This makes the low geothermal installation temperature is quick to amortize and generate significant economic savings to the end user. Another of the benefits of this energy is the NO emission of CO2, due to combustion of fossil derivatives, allowing the reduction of Visual barriers, such as smoke and fireplaces of the buildings. Low-temperature geothermal energy This type of geothermal energy uses solar heat accumulated in the cortex to depths greater than 150 m. or the utilization of thermal, obtaining deposits temperature environment at 30 - 90 C, for air conditioning.

The big difference with the very low temperature geothermal energy is that in some cases is not necessary the use of heat pumps to raise the temperature to ideal for the circuit of air conditioning of the building. It is more used for heating than for cooling, given that the required temperature for the heating circuit is very similar to that obtained from the land or site. This type of geothermal energy is not so easy to obtain in all places, but if we have the appropriate conditions is very profitable, since the power consumption would be very low or almost zero. Also the air conditioning system could be compatible with conventional systems, and low temperature. You can be applied in buildings requiring heating and industrial processes that require temperatures. Medium temperature geothermal energy In this case we find bodies of water at low pressure and temperature environment to 100 - 150 C. So you need an intermediate fluid to produce electricity in specific for this stations or companies of large energy consumption. High-temperature geothermal energy Takes advantage of masses of water underground to great pressure, sealed between impermeable rocks that transmit heat inside the Earth, getting temperatures > 150 C , which allows us to take advantage of natural water vapor for a constant, reliable and cost-effective electricity throughout the year.

CRISTINA PINILLA Facilities of geothermal energy:

-One of the main advantages of this energy is that it is present in all parts of the world, unlike oil for example. -Another is that it generates low levels of contamination, especially in relation to fossil fuels. -Geothermal energy is not infinite, it is estimated that there is about 50,000 times more of this energy, natural gas or oil. -The production costs of this energy source are lower cost involving nuclear or coal plants. -In many countries, use of geothermal energy, avoids dependence on other countries.

LAURA

GEOTHERMAL

The most widely developed type of geothermal power plant (known as hydrothermal plants) are located near geologic hot spots where hot molten rock is close to the earths crust and produces hot water. In other regions enhanced geothermal systems (or hot dry rock geothermal), which involve drilling into Earths surface to reach deeper geothermal resources, can allow broader access to geothermal energy. Geothermal plants also differ in terms of the technology they use to convert the resource to electricity (direct steam, flash, or binary) and the type of cooling technology they use (water-cooled and air-cooled). Environmental impacts will differ depending on the conversion and cooling technology used.

For more on geothermal technologies, see How Geothermal Energy Works. For more on the benefits of geothermal energy and other renewable energy technologies, see Benefits of Renewable Energy Use.

WHERE THEY ARE

IGNACIO PECO CAMPOS
The geothermal energy is the energy that we obtain wiht the developmen of heat that we find the earth. This word comes to greece. The heat of into the earth is obtain by the variation of the temperature , this temperature is produce whith the material of a rocky planet. The methot used for his obtention we call GEOTERMIA. This energy is produce in 176 countries.The situation and location is one of the biggest disavantages of geothermal energy is the low number of suitable location for a power plant. An ideal location has sustable hot rocks at a depht rocks must also be easy drilling .the type of rock above the hot rocks must also be easy enought to drill throught. After finding a suitable location, there is another drawback.Longetive of the locations sometimes it may temporaly run out of steam. This sometimes lasts for month. During this time, the power plant wont have enough energy to generate electricity electricity.Dangerous materials one of the most important disvadntages of geothermal energy are dangerous gases and minerals. They can come up from underground along with the steam. One of the most common substances to be relesead is hydrogen sulfide, other minerals that can be troublesome are arsenic, mercury, and ammonia addition to geothermal energy energy extraction reasing hazardous gases and mineral, it can also cause earthquakes

CARLOS CANTERO
-In mixed energies: The cost of mixed energies may vary by country so we are going to talk about our country that after all is what matters to us. In Spain produces electricity with many kinds of energies. The most important are the nuclear, thermal coal, wind and gas-fired combined cycle: In Spain some 300,000 million kWh produced annually involving sales of 42,500 M (tax included). 3.70 cents per KWh. Includes premiums for wind, solar, small hydro and biomass (renewable energy) and cogeneration and waste burning (non-renewable).