ANU THEORY

A forgotten early 20th century theory on predynastic Egyptians that was revived by Cheikh Anta Diop in 197 and !an "erti#a in the 90s and a rebuttal mile Amlineau's ANU THEORY Anu $Aunu% http&''wysinger(ho#estead(co#'teraneter(ht#l Nobleman "Tera-neter"

)he *)era+neter* tile is predynastic being found by ,ritish Egyptologist -(.( /linders 0etrie $1123+19 2% in the early te#ple at Abydos underneath the dynastic te#ple( )he figure is on a green gla4ed faience( 0etrie5 fa#ously known as *)he /ather of 0re+history*( 0etrie5 e6cavations at 7agada and ,allas in 8pper Egypt nearly 100 years ago unearth nearly 2200 ancient graves( 9e wrote over a thousand books5 articles and reviews reporting on his e6cavations and his finds( 0etrie5 )he .aking of Egypt5 1939&

0age :1 *)he Aunu 0eople( ,esides these types5 belonging to the north and east5 )here is the aboriginal race of the Anu5 or Aunu5 people $written with three pillars%5 who beca#e a part of the historic inhabitants( )he sub;ect ra#ifies too doubtfully if we include all single+pillar na#es5 but looking for the Aunu5 written with the three pillars5 we find that they occupied "outhern Egypt and 7ubia5 and the na#e is also applied in "inai and <ibya( As to the "outhern Egyptians5 we have the #ost essential docu#ent5 a portrait of a chief5 )era+neter5 roughly #odeled in relief in green gla4ed faience5 found in the early te#ple at Abydos( 0receding his na#e5 his address is given on this earliest of visiting cards5 *0alace of the Aunu in 9er#en city5 )era+neter(* 9e#en was the na#e of the god of )uphiu# $<an4(5 Dict5 2 %5 13 #iles south of <u=sor( Er#ent5 opposite to it5 was the place of Aunu of the south5 Aunu .enti( )he ne6t place in the south is Aunti $>ebeleyn%5 and beyond that Aunyt+seni $Esneh%( )he chief peculiarity of the figure is the droop of the chin? this is caused by a slanting ;aw with short ra#us( )he sa#e type of ;aw is seen in the ivory king fro# Abydos5 and #oreover5 the "corpion king who preceded 7ar+#er( )hese figures are5 then5 the precious portraits re#aining of the native pre+.enite kings of the south5 and they are of a type certainly different fro# the dynastic type of the s=uare+;awed 7ar+#er $.ena% and his follows( )he difference of the slope of ;aw in the Aunu people was illustrated by our researchers in the ce#etery at )arkhan( @n dealing with the re#ains5 the ;aws were all photographed in position5 and they show two groups of the slope of the lower edge as 20 and 21 to the hori4ontal( 7ow we can go a step further( An the big #ace+head of the "corpion king there are carved the standard figured( )hese e#ble#s of .in and "et5 with rekhyt plovers handing fro# the#( )he rekhytu people5 however5 were the special care of the dynastic race5 protected by Aha and by )hetu( )hey were an organi4ed rank ruled by a #ayor in the !th and !@th dynasties( )he "corpion king was5 then5 an ene#y of the dynastic falcon5 9orus( As we find the Aunu strong in the south5 but the rekhytu strong in the north5 it see#s that the rekhytu ca#e in with the dynastic invasion5 entering the 7ile valley at Boptos( )hose who went south were attacked by the Aunu5 and those going north founded a base at 9eliopolis $"yro+Egypt5 2%( )he heads on pl( CCC!@@@ are arranges to show the difference of type between the Aunu? the dynastic people5 the 1st dynasty in "inai5 the @@nd dynasty5 Bhosekhe#? the @@@rd dynasty5 "udany5 "anekht5 and Deser(* 0age 2 *"o#e of the #ost obvious public works of the @st dynasty were the carrying on of earlier undertakings( )he great historical #aces5 and the irrigation works5 had been developed under the "corpion king of the Aunu5 and both #ay have originated #uch earlier( .any vases and bowls $9E5 6ii5 6vii5 6i65 666iv% bear his na#e(* 0age 71 *7ar+#er 0allette( )he principal #onu#ent of the first king 7ar+#er $.ena% is the

large slate palette $C<%( )his shows his capture of the *chief of the lake* $uo she%5 and the falcon holding :5000 prisoners( ,ehind hi# is his body+servant5* the rosette here5 and elsewhere5 being used for the king( )he rese#blance of the king on this palette to the sculptorFs trial piece5 or #odel shows that al#ost certainly to be the royal portrait( @t was never part of a statute5 being flat on the back and top? it see#s to be a life+study as a #odel for future figures( @t is accepted as the oldest portrait figure5 by .ichaelis5 who notes the *astonishing acuteness of the racial type(* 0age 102 *Dynasty @@5 )o#bs( )he @@nd dynasty ca#e to ter#s with the earlier Aunu people5 and the first king took the na#e 9etep+sekhe#ui5 *peace of the two powers(* ,y the #iddle of the dynasty5 the Aunu people began to control the rule5 and "et appears on the royal na#e instead of 9orus( ,y the end of the dynasty5 the two scepters were *united in peace* by Bho+sekhe#ui*( 0age 102 *.otives of Dynasty @@@( A breath of life ca#e fro# the "udan( )he new dynasty was headed by "a+nekht of "udany type5 and he gave a fresh i#petus which was later continued by Deser5 Get there was no new invention5 but only a strengthening of the old style5 without a different art( )he southern source was likewise the inspiration of the C@@th5 the C!@@@th5 the CC!th dynasties5 and in a si#ilar #anner( )he "udany infusion continued in the upper classes5 as seen in the head of "eker+kha+bau( )he develop#ent of stone building at the "tep 0yra#id of Deser at "a==ara was based on earlier craft5 the carvings of Dynasty @ in wood and ivory( "#all ob;ects such as head+rests5 had colu#ns with conve6 fluting5 and also with concave5 in the @@nd dynasty( )he #otives #ay have originated in the larger work and5 later5 been borrowed for it again( A si#ilar translation fro# wood to stone is also to be found in the stone copies of wooden doorways5 and of wooden doors represented as thrown open5 at the entry of cha#bers in the te#ple of the "tep 0yra#id( @n the @@@rd dynasty there was the achieve#ent of using stone for wood5 fi6ing the principles of art(*++-(.( /linders 0etrie /rench Egyptologist Abbe H#ile A#Ilineau $1120+191:%( 9e discovered the to#bs of Ba5 Den5 and the "erpent Bing D;et $whose stela is at the <ouvre%( A#Ilineau5 is credited with the discovery of the Anu and their contribution to Egyptian civili4ation( @t was A#Ilineau who designated the first black race to occupy Egypt as the Anu( 9e showed how they ca#e slowly down the 7ile and founded the cities of Esneh5 Er#ent5 Jouch and 9eliopolis( )he actual na#e is always written with three colu#ns( 9e states that *All those cities have the characteristic sy#bol which serves to denote the na#e Anu(* )he original na#e for 9eliopolis is *Annu*( *EgyptFs greatest .asters5 Asiris5 9er#es5 @sis5 and 9orus all belonged to *the old race*5 the black Anu(* $Chandler5 1999% Citing evidence uncovered in A#Ilineau e6cavations5 he concludes that& *All those cities have the characteristic sy#bol which serves to denote the na#e Anu( @t is also in an ethnic sense that we #ust read the ter# Anu applied to Asiris( As a #atter of fact5 in a chapter introducing hy#ns in honor of Ea and containing Chapter C! of the ,ook of the Dead5 we read& *9ail to thee5 A >od Ani in the #ountainous land of Ante#K A great >od5 falcon of the double solar

#ountainK @f Asiris was a 7ubian origin5 although born at )hebes5 it would be easy to understand why the stuggle between "et and 9orus took place in 7ubia( @n any case5 it is striking that the goddess @sis5 according to the legend5 has precisely the sa#e skin color that 7ubians always have5 and that the god Asiris has what see#s to #e an ethnic epithet indicating his 7ubian origin( Apparently this observation has never before been #ade*(++A#Ilineau5 0rolIgo#Lnes5 pp( 12 + 122 *)hese Anu were agricultural people5 raising cattle on a large scale along the 7ile5 shutting the#selves up in walled cities for defensive purposes( )o this people we can attribute5 without fear of error5 the #ost ancient Egyptian books5 )he ,ook of the Dead and the )e6ts of the 0yra#ids5 conse=uently5 all the #yths or religious teachings( @ would add al#ost all the philosophical syste#s then known and still called Egyptian( )hey evidently knew the crafts necessary for any civili4ation and were fa#iliar with the tools those trades re=uired( )hey knew how to use #etals5 at least ele#entary #etals( )hey #ade the earliest atte#pts at writing5 for the whole Egyptian tradition attributes this art to )hoth5 the great 9er#es an Anu like Asiris5 who is called Anian in Chapter C! of )he ,ook of the Dead and in the )e6ts of the 0yra#ids( Certainly the people already knew the principal arts? it left proof of this in the architecture of the to#bs at Abydos5 especially the to#b of Asiris and in those sepulchers ob;ects have been found bearing un#istakable sta#p of their origin5 such as carved ivory5 or a little head of a 7ubian girl found in a to#b near that of Asiris5 or the s#all wooden or ivory receptacles in the for# of a feline head++all docu#ents published in the first volu#n of #y /ouilles dFAbydos*( ,(B( Chatter;ee and >(D( Bu#ar5 Co#parative "tudy and Eacial Analysis of the 9u#an Ee#ains of @ndus !alley Civili4ation( $Calcutta5 "ol Distributors5 -( 7eu#an5 19:2%5 p( 17& *)hey co#pared the #ean values of different cranial5 facial5 nasal5 and orbital #easure#ents of skulls related to various areas and periods of Egyptian civili4ation( Craniu# #aterial was analy4ed fro# the pre+historic sites of Egypt 7a=ada @@5 Egypt ,adari5 plus 7ubia Ariba5 and were then co#pared with skulls fro# the )welfth and )hirteenth Dynasties and "a==ara5 $Ald Bingdo#%( )he archaeologist found that all of these skulls in respect to *long head5 broad face5 low orbit5 and broad nasal aperture have the characteristic features of the 7egroid type*( Eeferences& A#Ilineau5 H#ile( 1199( 7ouvelles /ouilles dFAbydos5 0aris& Ed( <erou6 A#Ilineau5 H#ile( 191:( 0rolIgo#Lnes M lFItude de la religion Igyptienne5 0aris& Ed( <erou6 Diop5 Cheikh Anta( 197 ( )he African Arigin of Civili4ation5 .yth or Eeality5 <awrence 9ill ,ooks 0etrie5 -(.( /linders( )he .aking of Egypt5 <ondon( 7ew Gork5 "heldon 0ress? .ac#illan !an "erti#a5 @van( 1999( Egypt revisited5 )ransaction 0ublishers5 $page 1175 Af >ods and .en& EgyptFs Ald Bingdo#5 -ayne ,( Chandler% NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN EE,8))A<&

OgreeenP tri-nTr. )he #anFs na#e ( @t can be rendered as )erinet;er $as one e6a#ple% translated as QAne who worships the gods(R OblueP nxn.w which can be rendered as 7ekhenw( @t is believed that this is the na#e of an estate of which )erinet;er #ay have been in charge( OredP mnH[.t rendered .enhet %5 and is the na#e of a town(

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)he above translation fro# the web page is wrong on all counts5 although the na#e of the individual in the figure standing at left co#es close( 9is na#e $shaded in red% is transliterated as tri+n)r( @t can be rendered as )erinet;er $as one e6a#ple% and can be translated as QAne who worships the gods(R )his is his na#e5 not a title( )he translation of the glyphs @Sve shaded green are still the sub;ect of dispute but the current transliteration is n6n(w $.acArthur 2010& 13:%5 which can be rendered as 7ekhenw( @t is believed that this is the na#e of an estate of which )erinet;er #ay have been in charge $ibid%? #ore on that

presently( )he translation fro# the web page breaks the ne6t set of glyphs into two lines& Qof the god "eth ' 7et Annu+u& Tof the Cities of the Annu 0eopleSs(SR )his is incorrect( @n #y own i#age this is the area @Sve color+coded blue5 and itSs si#ply a cadrat or s=uare of glyphs all of which belong together when read( )he correct translation is .enhet $transliterated #n9O(tP%5 and is the na#e of a town( @tSs location is not known today but it was probably the nearest settle#ent of si4e to the estate called n6n(w $7ekhenw%( )he word QAnuR or QAunuR or other variations does not appear anywhere on this pla=ue( )he web page to which @Sve been referring $see link in opening paragraph% =uotes 0etrie fro# his )he .aking of Egypt& http&''ancientneareast(org'tag'flinders+petrie' H#ile A#Ilineau $1120 U 12 Vanuary 1912 at ChWteaudun% was a /rench Coptologist5 archaeologist and Egyptologist( 9is scholarly reputation was established as an editor of previously unpublished Coptic te6ts( ,ut his reputation was destroyed by his work as a digger at Abydos5 after /linders 0etrie re+ (e6cavated the site and showed how #uch destruction A#Ilineau had wrought ,ut his work as an e6cavator has attracted strong criticis#5 not least fro# /linders 0etrie5 the founder of #odern scientific Egyptology( A#Ilineau dug at Abydos fro# 119 to 1191( 0etrie was awarded the concession to dig there by >aston .aspero5 head of the Anti=uities "ervice5 after A#Ilineau had declared that there was nothing #ore to be found there( 0etrie was appalled at what had &been done5 and did not #ince his words( 9e wrote During four years there had been the scandal of A#elineauFs work at the Eoyal * )o#bs of Abydos( 9e had been given a concession to work there for five years? no plans were kept $a few incorrect ones were #ade later%5 there was no record of where things were found5 no useful publication( 9e boasted that he had reduced to chips the pieces of stone vases which he did not care to re#ove5 and (burnt up the re#ains of the woodwork of the 1st dynasty in his kitchen Vane A( 9ill has said that *A#elineau was not an archaeologist and basically *(plundered the ce#etery in search of goods he could sell to anti=uities collectors

o you have the abilites to #ake an atte#pt at doing it e#ploying Xso#e post ,udge resources @Fve noticed this ite# http&''egyptology(blogspot(co#'2009'03'hieroglyph+dictionary+by+ #ark+vygus(ht#l 9ieroglyph dictionary by .ark !ygus .ark !ygus has updated his hieroglyph dictionary $.arch 2009% and has #ade it freely available to people who would like a copy( .any thanks .ark5 youFre a star( @t is a fabulous piece of work with a (helpful introduction and 22000 dictionary entries

http&''renfield(physics(utah(edu'wiki'i#ages'd'd1'0dfNdictionary(pd f $very large 0D/ file YYYY% &)he dictionary is available online at a nu#ber of sites including !incent ,rownFs 0yra#id )e6ts Anline site $scroll down to $**Dictionaries http&''www(pyra#idte6tsonline(co#'tools(ht#l