What do I know? I know that dental care is important for everyone of all ages.

I know that it can afect many areas of an individuals life such as; overall health, self-esteem and social development. I know that conditions such as gum disease can be problems if proper care is not taken .
What do I want to know? I want to know the importance of dental care and hygiene for children. I want to know the correct procedures to brush teeth. I want to know what foods are good or bad for your teeth. I want to know more about gum disease. I want to know the prelevance of dental problems in children and who is more at risk of dental problems. I also want to know how I can educate children about dental health.

Dental Health

What do I think I know? I think I know the correct procedure to brush teeth. I also think I know some of the foods that can harm teeth.

Dental Care across the Curricula Brainstorm:

History of dental care in Australia. The prelevance of dental problems in certain areas. Dental care and the indigenous population.

Songs that children can sing to remember how to brush their teeth and for how long. Art projects that show the affects of not brushing your teeth.

HSIE

Creative Arts

English
Reading fiction and nonfiction books on dental care. Procedure reports on the correct procedure to brush your teeth.

Science
How teeth decay. Conduct experiments on decay i.e. what fluids will make something decay faster or slower.

Questions to Guide Inquiry:

What? Why? How?

What is dental care? What is gum disease? What are the procedures to look after teeth? What foods are good or bad for your teeth? What is the prevalence of dental health problems in Australia? Why is it important for students to know about dental care and hygiene? Why are certain groups in society more at risk of dental health problems? Why is it important that teachers also educate parents about dental care?

How can teachers educate students, families and other teachers about dental care? How can teachers implement fun and informative lessons on dental care into the class room?

Search Terms Related to Dental Care: Dental Care Teeth Prevalence of dental problems in Australia Lesson plans about dental care What is dental care? What is gum disease? What are the procedures to look after teeth? What foods are good or bad for your teeth? What is the prevalence of dental health problems in Australia? Why is it important for students to know about dental care and hygiene? Why are certain groups in society more at risk of dental health problems? Why is it important that teachers also educate parents about dental care? Educating the community about dental care Dental problems Infant dental problems Childrens oral health Dental care and the indigenous community Oral health

Useful Resources:
Book: Dental Health Education: Lesson Planning and Implementation. Gagliardi, L. (2007). Dental health education: lesson planning and implementation. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Pearson Education. This book looks at the role communities play in dental health education, teaching methods and ideas on how to integrate a dental health program into the curriculum. It also looks at the key aspects of dental care from brushing to the food that can contribute to good or bad teeth. Website: Oral Health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children.

Jamieson, L., Armfield, J., & Roberts-Thomson, K. (2007). Oral health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children. Retrieved 10 6, 2011, from Australian research centre for population oral health: http://www.arcpoh.adelaide.edu.au/publications/report/statistics/html_files/ATSI_chil dren.pdf This is a government produced PDF that looks at the oral health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children. It offers background information on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and the dental care experiences they have had. It looks at what is being done today to educate Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders on the topic of oral health, and also the statistics of the prevalence of dental problems in this population. It also offers a chance for comparison with the Indigenous population in New Zealand, Canada and the United States. Website: Australian Dental Association.

Australian Dental Association. (2011). Retrieved 10 6, 2011, from Australian Dental Association: http://www.ada.org.au/ The Australian Dental Association website offers information on oral health as well as policies and procedures that relate to dental care for numerous groups in the community. It also provides news with the latest information about oral health care. Journal: Australian Dental Journal.

Australian Dental Journal. (2011, March). Retrieved 10 6, 2011, from Wiley online library: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/adj.2011.56.issue-1/issuetoc This is a journal that includes many articles from many different perspectives on oral health. Policy: Delivery of Oral Health Care: Special Groups Children.

Australian Dental Association. (2009, April 16). Delivery of oral health care: special groups: children. Retrieved 10 6, 2011, from Australian Dental Association: http://www.ada.org.au/app_cmslib/media/lib/1103/m297053_v1_policy%20stateme nt%202.3.1.pdf This is a policy from the Australian Dental Association that specifically looks at childrens oral health care.

Journal Article: Accessing Oral Health Care in Australia.

Marshall, R., & Spencer, A. (2006). Accessing oral health care in australia. The Medical Journal of Australia, 59-60. This is a journal article, which looks at the prevalence of dental problems in Australia as well as the problems associated with accessing oral health care. Government Website: Gum Disease.

State Government of Victoria. (2010). Gum Disease. Retrieved 10 6, 2010, from Better Health Channel : http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Gum_disease This website offers simple but informative information on gum disease. Website: Guide to Brushing.

Colgate-Palmolive. (2010). Guide to brushing. Retrieved 10 6, 2011, from Colgate world of care: http://www.colgate.com/app/CP/US/EN/OC/Information/Interactive-Guides/Guide-toBrushing.cvsp This is an interactive game that allows children to practice brushing teeth using the correct technique. This game also offers feedback and facts about teeth brushing to children as the clean the teeth. Website: Colgate Oral and Dental Health Research Centre.

Colgate. (2011). Retrieved 10 6, 2011, from Colgate oral and dental health research centre: http://www.colgate.com/app/CP/US/EN/OC/Information.cvsp This website offers up to date information in all areas of dental care and also includes information for educators. Video: Sesame Street: Kids Just Love to Brush.

Sesame Street: Kids Just Love to Brush Video. (n.d). Retrieved from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2QMogM6TRIQ This is a fun video that the bottom years of primary school will enjoy. It can be played and learnt to encourage students to brush their teeth. It could also be a starting point for lessons on dental care that incorporate the creative arts. Book: Open Wide Tooth School Inside.

Open Wide Tooth School Inside By Laurie Keller; Keller, L. (2005). Open wide tooth school inside. Black dog books. Victoria This is a fun book for students to read by themselves or as a whole class. It offers information about dental care in a fun and imaginative way, which can lead to many lessons being based on the book. PDF: Teachers Guide: An Oral Health Program.

Colgate-Palmolive . (2004). Teachers guide: an oral health program. Retrieved 10 6, 2011, from bright smiles for bright futures: http://www.colgate.com.au/BrightSmilesBrightFutures/AU/Teachers/AboutTheProgra m/ProgramMaterials/PDFs/TeachersGuideToothKingdom.pdf This is a PDF file that has many lesson ideas on implementing an oral health program in your classroom. It focuses on the adventures of Dr. Rabbit and the Tooth Kingdom. Website: Healthy Teeth: Oral Education Database.

NSDA. (n.d). Retrieved 10 8, 2011, from Healthy teeth: oral education database: http://www.healthyteeth.org/index.html Healthy Teeth is an oral education website that looks at the science of oral health and is designed for years 3 - 6. It features animated graphics, easy-to-understand text, simple classroom experiments and much more. It is a Canadian website and is sponsored by the Canadian Dental Association, Nova Scotia Dental Association and the Halifax County Dental Society. Website Article: Strategies for Oral Disease Prevention and Health Promotion.

WHO. (2011). Strategies for oral disease prevention and health promotion. Retrieved 10 8, 2011, from World health organisation: http://www.who.int/oral_health/strategies/en/ This is a web article from the World Health Organisation, which looks at the strategies they are implementing to prevent oral disease and the promotion of health. Website Article: Oral Health, General Health and Quality of Life.

Sheiham, A. (2005). Oral health, general health and quality of life. Retrieved 10 8, 2011, from World health organisation: http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/83/9/editorial30905html/en/index.html This is a web bulletin from the World Health Organisation, which looks at how oral health affects all aspects of an individuals life. PDF: Oral Health Education: What have we Learned?

Stillman-Lowe, C. (n.d). Retrieved 10 8, 2011, from Oral health education: what have we learned?: http://www.adelaide.edu.au/oral-healthpromotion/publications/journal/Oral%20Health%20Education.pdf This is a PDF file produced by Adelaide University that looks at oral health education. It offers information on; Oral health education, criticisms of oral health education, changes in oral health education over the years, prevention in practice, policies, current initiatives and practical advice on oral health education. Website: Lesson Plans.

A-Z Teachers Stuff. (2011). Teeth. Retrieved 10 8, 2011, from A-Z teachers stuff: http://atozteacherstuff.com/Themes/Teeth/ This website offers teachers links to various lesson ideas surrounding oral health.

Website: Lesson Plans.

Kiddy House. (n.d). Teeth stuff for kids and teachers. Retrieved 10 8, 2011, from Kiddy house: http://www.kiddyhouse.com/Themes/Teeth/Teeth.html This is another website that offers both information and lesson ideas around the topic of dental care. Website: Lesson Plans.

Lesson Plan Central. (2002). Teeth. Retrieved 10 8, 2011, from Lesson plan central: http://lessonplancentral.com/lessons/Health/Teeth/ This website has many lesson plans that cover all aspects of dental care.

Annotated Bibliography: Which Resources are useful?

Website: Oral Health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children.

Jamieson, L., Armfield, J., & Roberts-Thomson, K. (2007). Oral health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children. Retrieved 10 6, 2011, from Australian research centre for population oral health: http://www.arcpoh.adelaide.edu.au/publications/report/statistics/html_files/ATSI_chil dren.pdf This PDF can be found on an educational website, and is produced by the Australian Government. It offers background information on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and the dental care experiences they have had. It looks at what is being done today to educate Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders on the topic of oral health, and also the statistics of the prevalence of dental problems in this population. It also offers a chance for comparison with the Indigenous population in New Zealand, Canada and the United States. This PDF file has the purpose of informing the community, including educators and health professionals about the current state of Dental Care in the Aboriginal and Torres Strait population. Its aim is to bring into the spot light the need for better dental care education and better services for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders. As this is a government produced article, the information contained should be on the most part accurate and credible. The article is also written based on different research that has taken place and also includes a list of references where information can be checked, which adds credibility to the article. The article also offers a comparison to other Indigenous populations around the world, which provides different perspectives to the article. The article was written by three researchers from Adelaide University which would imply that they had done extensive research and collaborated together to write a credible and accurate report on the dental health care of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders. This article will not directly offer any relevance to children; however it does offer teachers a better understanding about the current situation of dental care in this part of the population. The information present will allow teachers to make informed decisions when implementing a dental health unit of work, especially if they have Indigenous children in their class. It shows teachers the importance of dental health education. This article will also have benefit for teachers teaching children that do not come from an Indigenous background, as it still acknowledges the importance of dental health education for all children, not just Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children. Overall I found this article very informative and interesting. It has made me realise just how important dental care education is for children and how it is even more important for the Indigenous population, due to the high rates of dental problems in this population. PDF: Teachers Guide- Bright Smiles for Bright Futures.

Colgate-Palmolive . (2004). Teachers guide: an oral health program. Retrieved 10 6, 2011, from bright smiles for bright futures:

http://www.colgate.com.au/BrightSmilesBrightFutures/AU/Teachers/AboutTheProgra m/ProgramMaterials/PDFs/TeachersGuideToothKingdom.pdf .This resource is a PDF file that is produced for teachers by the Colgate-Palmolive company. The resource was written by members of the company and also educators, to produce a program that aims to improve the dental health care of children. This resource is part of the Bright Smiles for Bright Futures oral health education program that has been running since 1994. The resource features two cartoon dentists; Dr. Rabbit and his colleague Dr. Brushwell. They lead students on a journey to save the Tooth Kingdom from Sorcerer Plakula and his plaque monsters. Teachers can implement these lesson plans into the already existing curriculum areas. Students will learn how to take responsibility for their own oral health in fun and exciting ways. This resource is also good as it integrates different KLAs. This resource was developed by teachers and oral health experts, which adds credibility to the resource. As this is an educational resource the content within will be accurate. The material is written specifically to engage children, but is a teachers guide. The resource is aimed at teachers who will then implement this with students in their class. This material would be best aimed at early stage one to stage two, but could also be used in the upper primary years. The information present is valuable for all cultures and social groups and the way the content is presented will more than likely engage all different students. The material is also flexible, so you could change the names of the characters, make up your own etc. and just use the lesson ideas if the students really dont connect with the scenario presented.

Website: Healthy Teeth: Oral Education Database.

NSDA. (n.d). Retrieved 10 8, 2011, from Healthy teeth: oral education database: http://www.healthyteeth.org/index.html Healthy Teeth is an oral education website that looks at the science of oral health and is designed for years 3 - 6. It features animated graphics, easy-to-understand text, simple classroom experiments and much more. It is a Canadian website and is sponsored by the Canadian Dental Association, Nova Scotia Dental Association and the Halifax County Dental Society. The website is run by an organisation and has a lot of valuable and accurate information. The information is written using simple terminology, which allows it to be easily accessed by students. The website is aimed at both students and teachers, which is shown by the language used and the links for teachers on the side. The website offers separate pages to pages that talk about; cavities, braces, prevention, teeth and gums, experiments and activities, a visit to the dentist, no butts about it, take the challenge, cutting out the sugar and chew on this quiz. This website could be useful for a teacher to use on an interactive whiteboard as the quizzes are interactive and the animation on the website makes it engaging for students. Even though this website is Canadian and offers Canadian statistics, the information is still valuable for students all over the world. Teachers may decide to look for statistics about oral health care from an Australian perspective to add to the information provided on this website.

Students from all cultural and social backgrounds will benefit from the information on this website, as it is easily accessible and the language used is aimed at students. Because this website is sponsored by government bodies and the information is provided by the Nova Scotia Dental Association, the website is credible and can be trusted. This website by itself however, will not teach everything students need to know about dental care, so other resources should be used with it. PDF: Oral Health Education: What have we Learned?

Stillman-Lowe, C. (n.d). Retrieved 10 8, 2011, from Oral health education: what have we learned?: http://www.adelaide.edu.au/oral-healthpromotion/publications/journal/Oral%20Health%20Education.pdf This is a PDF file produced by Adelaide University that looks at oral health education. It offers information on; Oral health education, criticisms of oral health education, changes in oral health education over the years, prevention in practice, policies, current initiatives and practical advice on oral health education. From the language and the topics covered in this PDF, the intended audience for this resource is dental professionals and how they can better educate their patients in regards to dental care. Even though it is aimed at dental professionals, this resource has many ideas on how to educate people in regards to dental health care that teachers can then implement in a class room setting. The resource has been written by a researcher from Adelaide University and from the content that is supplied seems to be heavily researched. The information is backed up by a number of sources, all of which adds to its accuracy and credibility. While this resource will not directly involve students, it will inform teachers on how they can best implement a dental education program that will benefit all students no matter what their cultural and social background. It also looks at the history of dental health educational programs. This will allow teachers to see what worked and didnt work. Each of the above resources have helped me answer my focus questions for this topic and will also be of use to teachers implementing a dental health care, educational program.

How will I convey what I have learned to other teachers? The information that I have gained through undertaking this inquiry, will be conveyed to teachers through this resource kit. I will also be able to offer talks on how best to implement a dental health care, educational program in schools, as the resources I have collected offer valuable information that can be used for this. The information that I have found can also be distributed in information sheets and presentations for teachers to use. From my inquiry I have discovered that dental health programs are not effectively implemented in schools, which can have a terrible effect on the health and general well-being of the students during their life time (Stillman-Lowe, n.d). For this reason I feel that it is important that teachers need to understand what is required when they are teaching this topic to students and that they implement fun and engaging activities that will encourage students to take responsibility for their own dental care. What can be done to implement a dental care program into a school setting? To implement a dental care program in a school setting, firstly teachers must understand the nature and importance of the topic. Teachers then need to access various resources and find fun and engaging activities to implement with their students. A study conducted by Catherine Stillman-Lowe (n.d), showed that dental professionals found that the best way to prevent dental caries in children was through education. She also found that the education that was taking place, lacked imagination and creativity (Stillman-Lowe, n.d). Most often the information was presented as mini lectures, which many people do not pay attention to (Stillman-Lowe, n.d). It is evident from this research that students are more likely to pay attention and learn about dental health care, if the information is presented to them in an imaginative and creative way (Stillman-Lowe, n.d). For these reasons, teachers not only need to be educated themselves with the correct information but also devise many interesting and fun activities that will engage the children, so that they can learn to take responsibility for their own dental health care. To implement a dental care program into a school setting it is also important that all members of the school staff are on board with the plan, so that the same messages are being implemented across the school. This will enforce for the children the importance of dental health care. If the whole school community is on board, it also offers more opportunities for whole school events, such as a dentist coming in and speaking to the school or healthy food initiatives that can have dental care incorporated. It would also be useful for schools to implement a dental care policy, which will include information on dental emergencies and strategies to look after students teeth at school such as encouraging students to rinse their mouths with water after eating What are the implications for educating teachers, students and families about dental care?

There is a high prevalence of dental problems in Australia, especially among the Indigenous population (WHO, 2011). The key strategy to decrease the prevalence of dental problems in the Australian population is through prevention, and the key to prevention is through dental health education (WHO, 2011). The implications of this are that teachers will have to be better educated and prepared to teach students about dental care, as this in turn will allow students to take responsibility for their own dental care. The implications of educating both teachers and students will be that the prevalence of dental problems should decrease. It is also important that families are educated about dental care so that they can reinforce what is being taught at school, in the home environment. Parents and older siblings have a great influence over a child. If they see them undertaking the correct procedures for dental care, they in turn will want to do the same. What can I do to ensure students, teachers and families are educated about dental care? I can ensure that students, teachers and families are educated about dental care by first educating myself. I can then share this knowledge with others in fun and exciting ways.

My Plan for future classroom practice:

Educate other teachers and Educate ecnourage a whole myself school approach to about all dental health care. aspects of Encourage whole the topic. school initiatives, such s policies, healthy food initiatives and dental visits. Produce fun and exciting lessons that will engage children. As this is the best way to get chilldren inviolved in their own dental health education.

Dental Care: Education Program.

Dental Care:
A brief information sheet:
Healthy teeth and gums contribute to our overall health, self-esteem, language development, social development, self-confidence and conveying emotion (Colgate, 2011). Because of this it is important that children are taught the correct ways to look after their teeth from quite early in their lives (Colgate, 2011). Teachers can play an important role in educating not only children but also families, about the correct ways to look after their teeth and gums and also about the consequences of poor oral hygiene on children, families and communities (Colgate, 2011). What is Dental Care? Dental care is the procedures we undertake to make sure that our teeth are healthy and strong so we can go about our everyday lives (Colgate-Palmolive , 2004). Gum Disease: Gum disease is a common problem for children and will affect just about everyone at some stage of their lives (State Government of Victoria, 2010). Because of the prevalence of this disease in both children and adults, it is important that teachers teach children and families about the disease and how it can affect them (State Government of Victoria, 2010). Gum disease is usually caused by a build-up of plaque on the enamel of the teeth (State Government of Victoria, 2010). There are two main types of gum disease:

 Gingivitis- Is an early gum disease that occurs when plaque builds up on teeth, particularly where the gum joins the teeth. Signs of gingivitis are bleeding, redness and swelling of the gums (State Government of Victoria, 2010). Periodontitis- May occur if gingivitis is not treated. As this disease progresses, spaces between the tooth and gum begin to form. Signs of periodontitis include bleeding, swelling and receding gums, together with bad breath, bad taste in the mouth and loose teeth. Dental Caries: Certain types of bacteria can attach themselves to the enamel of a tooth; if these bacteria are not removed then they can multiply and grow (NSDA, n.d). This growth in bacteria will then mix with the saliva in the mouth to form a white film on the tooth which is called plaque (NSDA, n.d). Plaque is what causes dental caries or cavities in teeth, as plaque contains an acid which dissolves the minerals in the tooth enamel that make the tooth hard (NSDA, n.d). Correct procedures for brushing teeth: It is also important that teachers teach children and families about the correct procedures to brush their teeth. This information will be with the children for a life time, so this information needs to be correct as if children are presented with the wrong information this can lead to many problems in the future (Colgate-Palmolive , 2004).

It is important to floss teeth before brushing as this loosens the food to be brushed away. Clean the outer surfaces of your upper teeth, then your lower teeth

Clean the inner surfaces of your upper teeth, then your lower teeth Clean the chewing surfaces For fresher breath, be sure to brush your tongue, too Teeth should be brushed for 2 minutes. Teachers can help children know how long to brush their teeth by teaching them strategies such as using a stop watch or singing/ listening to a 2 minute song.

Tilt the brush at a 45 angle against the gum line and sweep or roll the brush away from the gum line.

Gently brush the outside, inside and chewing surface of each tooth using short back-and-forth strokes.

Gently brush your tongue to remove bacteria and freshen breath.

(Colgate-Palmolive, 2010). Nutrition and Teeth: In todays world children are exposed to many foods containing high levels of sugar and many of these foods are in the snacks that children eat (ColgatePalmolive , 2004). The sugars and starches that can cause a plaque attack which can last up to 20 minutes after snaking and causes tooth decay. It is also during this period that the plaque acid attacks the tooth enamel which is the beginning of cavities (Colgate-Palmolive , 2004). It is important that

teachers explain the importance of eating healthy and nutritious snacks throughout the day and that sticky and sugary food should be kept to a minimum. Teachers should also encourage their students to drink water and rinse their mouths out after meals and snacks as this helps to wash away any food left in the mouth. Calcium is also extremely important not only for a childs overall diet but also for healthy and strong teeth. (Colgate-Palmolive , 2004). Other Important Issues: Other aspects of dental care that teachers should bring up with students are: Baby and adult teeth/number of teeth Going to the dentist Fluoride and how it works How good oral care can have a positive impact on all aspects of life Many of these issues are talked about in the above resources.

What is the importance of Dental Care and Hygiene Education for children? A great number of the population have poor oral care and hygiene, particularly those from poor and disadvantaged communities (WHO, 2011). Dental problems are the most common chronic disease in childhood (WHO, 2011). Dental decay in childhood is five times more common than childhood asthma and seven times more common than hay fever (WHO, 2011). Children from low socio-economic status are more than likely to have immediate dental needs and many of these children go untreated (WHO, 2011). Oral pain not only affects children physically, but also mentally. It impacts on their learning, nutrition and

sleep patterns (WHO, 2011). This will also have an impact on the childs family. Poor oral health has also been associated with heart disease, stroke, diabetes, cancer, pregnancy complications and other conditions that develop later in life (WHO, 2011). Prevention is the ultimate solution to the consequences of poor oral health; this is why it is so important that children and their families are educated about dental care (WHO, 2011). What is the prevalence of dental health problems in Australia? Prevalence rates for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children? Oral health problems have one of the highest prevalence rates out of all the health problems that Australians face (Marshall & Spencer, 2006). Children from low socio-economic status and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children are more likely to have immediate dental health problems (WHO, 2011). A higher percentage of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children experience dental problems between the ages of 4 and 14, than other Australian children (Jamieson, Armfield, & Roberts-Thomson, 2007). The children that were mostly affected came from socially disadvantaged groups and those living in rural and remote areas (Jamieson, Armfield, & Roberts-Thomson, 2007). The rates of prevalence of dental problems in the Aboriginal and Torres Strait communities are rising, which indicates that something needs to be done to educate all groups about how best to look after their oral health (Jamieson, Armfield, & Roberts-Thomson, 2007) Glossary of Terms: Dental Care: Care for teeth

Oral health: Health of the mouth includes teeth, gun and tongue. Hygiene: A condition or practice helpful to the preservation of health. Cleanliness. Tooth: One of the hard bodies or processes usually attached in a row to each jaw. Gums: Pink, soft material in ones mouth that the teeth are set into. Gum Disease: A disease that affects the gums with symptoms such as swelling and bleeding. Gingivitis: Inflammation of the gums. Periodontitis: Inflammation of the periodontium caused by bacteria that infects the roots of teeth and the surrounding gum crevices, producing bleeding, pus formation, and gradual loss of bone and the tissues that support the teeth.

All definitions found from: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/search (2011).

Early Stage One: Personal Health Choices: PHES1.12 - Displays basic positive health practices: * Describes good hygiene practices * Talks about different foods that keep you healthy *Identifies health care workers who can help them. Stage One: Personal Health Choices: PHS1.12 - Recognises that positive health choices can promote wellbeing. *Describes what people do to stay healthy, eg - care of teeth. *Recognises that a variety of food is needed for good health. * Names the people who influence their health.

Stage Two: Personal Health Choices: PHS2.12 - Discusses the factors influencing personal health choices. *Explains the need for good health practices. *Identifies their responsibility to contribute towards a healthy environment.

Stage Three: Personal Health Choices: PHS3.12 - Explains the consequences of personal lifestyle choices. *Discusses why people use different products. * Describes the factos that influence personal health choices.

Video: Sesame Street: Kids Just Love to Brush.

Sesame Street: Kids Just Love to Brush Video. (n.d). Retrieved from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2QMogM6TRIQ This is a fun video that the bottom years of primary school will enjoy. It can be played and learnt to encourage students to brush their teeth. It could also be a starting point for lessons on dental care that incorporate the creative arts. This song is fun for children to learn and sing to, which is something that teachers should encourage. Because if dental care is introduced to children in a fun way then they will more than likely want to take part in their own dental care. Even though the song is best suited for early stage one and stage one, older students may still enjoy it. It would depend on the group of students. Lyrics to Kids Just Love to Brush

When I wake up and the mornin's bright. My mama often wonders if I'm feelin' alright, cos' I'm runnin' for the toothpaste. I'm always in a rush. Oh, Mama, I can hardly wait to brush my teeth (my teeth) (brushing noises). I really love to brush my teeth (my teeth). I love to brush, my teeth (my teeth) (brushing noises). Kids just love to brush. After lunch, Dad says, "What's the matter, Hon? Don't you wanna play outdoors and have some fun?" I say, "Daddy, Daddy, dear. You're makin' me blush. All I want to do is brush. My teeth (my teeth) (brushing noises). I really love to brush My teeth (my teeth). I love to brush my teeth" (my teeth) (brushing noises). Kids just love to brush. Kids just love to brush. They love it. They love it. They love it. They love it. Kids just love to brush. They love it. They love it. They love it. They love it. Kids just love to brush. My friends come over to spend the night. And we have more fun than a pillow fight. But my Mom and Dad go crazy. They're begging us to hush. It's a party every time we brush. Our teeth (our teeth) (brushing noises). We really love to brush our teeth (our teeth). We love to brush, our teeth (our teeth) (brushing noises). Kids just love to brush. Kids just love to brush

They love it. They love it. They love it. Kids just love to brush They love it. They love it. They love it. Kids just love to brush

(Metro Lyrics, 2011).

Book: Open Wide Tooth School Inside.

Open Wide Tooth School Inside By Laurie Keller; Keller, L. (2005). Open wide tooth school inside. Black dog books. Victoria It's time for Tooth School, and Dr. Flossman is excited to meet the incoming class of thirty-two permanent teeth. There's just so much to learn, from brushing and flossing to dentin and pulp to every student's nightmare -- tooth decay! Spend a day in school with this goofy mouthful of pearly whites as they learn how to take care of themselves! This is a fun book for students to read by themselves or as a whole class. It offers information about dental care in a fun and imaginative way, which can lead to many lessons being based on the book. It covers information from how many teeth you have, baby and adult teeth, the names of the teeth, correct foods for your teeth, the tooth fairy and tooth decay. This book could be used from early stage one until the end of stage two. The following website offers teachers ideas on how they can use this book in a classroom. Keller, L. (2011). Open wide tooth school inside. Retrieved 10 11, 2011, from School stuff: http://www.lauriekeller.com/schoolstuff_openwide.html

Book: A Visit to the Dentist

Cosby, B., & Fremont, E. (2002). A visit to the dentist. New York: Simon Spotlight/Nickelodeon.

Children love to learn and are always figuring things out about themselves and the world around them. And the more they know, the better equipped they are to handle the challenges of growing up. Little Bill encourages children to value their family and friends, to feel good about themselves, and to learn to solve problems creatively. This book offers students informative information on what happens when you go to the dentist. It talks about the dentist tools and he procedures that they may do to give your teeth a checkup. The book is written so that children will know what to expect when they go to the dentist. From this book they will learn that going to the dentist is not a frightening experience. This book is best suited to early stage one and stage one.

Book: Brush your Teeth Please. McGuire, L. (1993). Brush your teeth please. USA: Reader's Digest.

"The fun side of good oral health habits." -- American Dental Association News What child can resist imitating a chimp brushing its teeth back and forth? Or a shark that flosses every day? Youngsters will have lots of fun learning about proper dental hygiene in this delightful pop-up book. This book encourages children to brush their teeth, how to brush their teeth and why they have to brush their teeth. It is a good starting point for further discussion about dental care. This is a pop-up book and is best used for early stage one.

Video: Dental Care by Owl City Owl City: Dental Care. (2009). Retrieved from: http://youtu.be/SukdLOMK0iE

This is a song and music video called Dental Care by Owl city. This song offers differing views on dental care that will allow for children in stage three to explore. It will allow students describe their own dental care experiences and why they believe it is important to go to the dentist. It will allow the students to be critically reflective on all aspects of dental care, instead of passively accepting information they have been given, if this video is used along with a detailed lesson plan that allows this.

The following PDF file is an extensive list of childrens books that relate to dental care. The list includes both fiction and non-fiction books. The list also includes books written in languages other than English. Share the Care Dental. (2003). Children's books: dental care. Retrieved 10 11, 2011, from Shar the care dental: http://www.sharethecaredental.org/website/resources/Booklist.pdf

Integration:

English Links between english and the topis of dental care can be easily made. English, offers students the opportunity to read, write and talk about what they know. In this way students will be able to read about the topic of dental care from books and arcticles, they will be able to write about what they know, in the form of procedures, narratives and recounts, they will also be able to orally talk about their own dental care and how it affects others. TES1.1 - TS3.1 - Communicates in informal and formal contexts about familiar and introduced topics. RES1.6 - RS3.6- Reads and comprehends a range of texts. WES1.9 - WS3.9 - Produces texts to convey meaning. Responds to literary texts Recounts personal or shared experiences Listens to and reports on peer opinions Expresses a personal opinion Asks questions Listens to and rsponds to information Gives a brief oral information report on familiar topics Gives sustained information reports on generalised research topics Participates in group discussion Creates texts for a range of purposes Writes recounts Writes information reports

Outcomes

Content

(Board of Studies NSW, 2007)

Integration:

Creative Arts: The creative Arts can be incorporated into a dental car unit of work in many ways. Student's can listen, create and perform songs related to dental care. These songs can be designed to encourage others to look after their teeth. The songs could also incorporate dance. Students can also create artworks that deal with issues surrounding dental health care. Drama activities could also take place in the classroom, that allow children to role play different areas of dental care.

Outcomes:

VAES1.1 - VAS3.1 - Students make artworks that relate to their experiences, real and imaginary things, and topics that they know about. VAES1.2 - VAS3.2 - Experiments with a range of media. MUES1.1 - MUS3.1 - Performs a range of music. MUES1.4 - MUS3.4 - Listens to, responds to and describes a range of music. DRAES1.1- DRAS3.1 - Takes on roles of others to make a piece of drama. DRAES1.3 - DRAS3.3 - Performs a piece of drama to a range of audiences. DAES1.1 - DAS3.1 - Participates in dance activities. DAES1.2- DAS3.2 - Composes own dance routines.

Content:

Investigates relationships in their artmaking, including those people who help us in the community. Performs simple speech rhymes and songs maintaining a sense of beat and rhythm. Moves to music Creates simple songs. Sings a variety of songs individually and as a group. Works with other students and the teacher to develop dramatic situations. Communicates the depiction of real-life and fantasy situations in imagined dramatic experiences. Creates a range of roles and situations from their imagination, literature and everyday experiences. Shares their drama making with others. Uses movement with control, confidence, awareness and skillfull techniques to perform a dance. Creates own dance routines.

(Board of Studies NSW, 2006)

Integration:

Science Science can be integrated with the topic of dental care. Student's can look at how teeth decay and conduct their own experiements on teeth decay. This can also have links to english as students write up an experiment report.

Outcomes &

Students will develop their knowledge and understanding of the process of investigation that people use to develop reliable insights into the natural and made environments.

Content:

state the purpose of an investigation. give examples of the ways the different senses can be used in observing. recognise that discoveries can be made through play, exploring and experimenting. demonstrate that tools and equipment can be used to aid observation. recognise that investigations may be conclusive/inconclusive. describe the social, environmental or economic implications of the investigation of new materials and processes.

(Board of Studies NSW, 1993)

INSERT TITLE OF ACTIVITY: Brusha, Brusha, Brusha. Themes being addressed Why do we have to clean our teeth? How do we clean our teeth? A look at how the media encourages children to brush their teeth.

Stage: Stage two

Syllabus Content: Active listening skills Communication in group situations Personal hygiene dental care

Syllabus Outcomes: Major: PHS3.12 Explains the consequences of personal health choices. Minor: COS2.1 Uses a variety of ways to communicate with and within groups. INS2.3 Makes positive contributions in group activities. DAS2.7 - Performs familiar movement patterns in a variety of dance situations.

Syllabus Indicators: Explains the need for good health practices Shares ideas, feelings and opinions with others about issues. Participates in group discussions. Creates and performs a dance sequence.

Description of Learning Experience In this lesson, students will look at why it is important to brush their teeth. They will explore the correct method for brushing their teeth (Appendix one), and how the media can encourage children to brush their teeth (YouTube links in resources). Students will explore these ideas through group discussions, facilitated by the teacher. Students will then be put into groups and asked to create a poster, song/dance routine or drama skit that will encourage children to brush their teeth using the correct

Resources IPANA tooth paste commercial: http://youtu.be/q0po-g28uTg Sesame St, Kids just love to brush: http://youtu.be/2QMogM6TRIQ Colgate: Brush 3X a day: http://youtu.be/SX5zQqxuZvI (accessed 11/10/11)

Paper, crayons, textas, paint etc.

procedure. Students will then present their finished product to the class (if appropriate these could also be presented at a school assembly). In their presentations students must include the following information: Why it is important to look after your teeth & how to look after your teeth (both of which will be discussed at the beginning of the lesson).

that children can create posters from. Props such as tooth brushes, toothpaste, dentist coats for students to create a drama skit with. Provide students with music to create a song/dance to.

Created by CSU BEd (EC/PRI) Students 2011 INSERT TITLE OF ACTIVITY: Tooth Decay experiment Themes being addressed Tooth Decay What substances will affect tooth decay What can you do to prevent tooth decay? Syllabus Outcomes: Major: PHS2.12 Discusses the factors influencing personal health choices. Minor: COS2.1 - Uses a variety of ways to communicate with and within groups. Makes positive contributions in group activities. Syllabus Indicators Explains the need for good health practices. Discusses food needs for growth and activity. Shares, ideas, feelings and opinions with others about issues. Participates in group discussions/activities. Syllabus Content: Personal hygiene dental care balance eating habits healthy choices Communication in group situations Stage: Stage Two

Description of Learning Experience In this lesson students will look at the different substances that can cause tooth decay and why tooth decay occurs. Students will learn about plaque attacks and how the acid can eat away at teeth. This will be discussed at the beginning and throughout the lesson. To further explore this topic, students will conduct an experiment. Students and teachers will write an experiment together that looks at what different liquids will decay teeth. Students must include a section about what they already know about tooth decay (research), an aim, a hypothesis, method/procedure, results, and an analysis. Conducting a brainstorm with children first, will help children develop their ideas. In groups students will then conduct the experiment by placing eggshells in the chosen liquids. They will then take pictures and write down observations over a week. Once the eggshells have been in the liquids for a week, discuss the results with the students. Students could also create a display of their findings. This lesson builds upon the teeth brushing lesson as it further shows students why it is important to brush teeth.

Resources 3 egg shells Transparent containers (3-6) Different liquids Water, soft drink, juice, vinegar, coffee, tea, etc. Paper, pencils Digital camera

Created by CSU BEd (EC/PRI) Students 2011 INSERT TITLE OF ACTIVITY: Healthy Food for Healthy Teeth. Themes being addressed Healthy food Good and bad foods for teeth Syllabus Content: Personal hygiene dental care balance eating habits healthy choices Stage: Stage Two

 Syllabus Outcomes: Major: PHS2.12 Discusses the factors influencing personal health choices. Minor: COS2.1 - Uses a variety of ways to communicate with and within groups. Makes positive contributions in group activities.

Communication in group situations

Syllabus Indicators: Explains the need for good health practices. Discusses food needs for growth and activity. Shares, ideas, feelings and opinions with others about issues. Participates in group discussions/activities.

Description of Learning Experience In this lesson students will work as a group to create a food pyramid, with foods that are healthy for your teeth and foods that are unhealthy for your teeth. Teacher will start by creating mind maps with the students about what foods they think are healthy for their teeth and which are not. Talk about why some foods are bad for teeth i.e. sugar. Students will be then split up into groups and sent to different tables where there will be pictures of a variety of foods. The students are to sort them out into groups of either good or bad for teeth. Students will then come back together to an area where the teacher has a large pyramid with a horizontal line going through the middle of the pyramid. Students are then going to blu tac their foods onto the correct places on the pyramid, explaining why they decided if it was good or

Resources Pictures of different foods that are healthy and unhealthy for teeth [laminated]. Large cardboard pyramid (will depend on the size available). Blu tac

bad for teeth. This pyramid can then be used as a display in the class room, with facts that the class discovered posted around it. This lesson will build upon the teeth brushing, and decay lessons, as healthy foods should have been touched upon previously. Created by CSU BEd (EC/PRI) Students 2011 INSERT TITLE OF ACTIVITY A gummy disease. Themes being addressed Why are gums important? Diseases that can affect gumscauses, symptoms, treatment. Syllabus Content: Personal hygiene dental care healthy choices Communication in group situations Stage: Stage Two

Syllabus Outcomes: Major: PHS2.12 Discusses the factors influencing personal health choices. Minor: COS2.1 - Uses a variety of ways to communicate with and within groups. Makes positive contributions in group activities.

Syllabus Indicators: Explains the need for good health practices. Shares, ideas, feelings and opinions with others about issues. Participates in group discussions/activities.

Description of Learning Experience Students will learn why our gums are important, the different types of gum disease, the causes, symptoms, treatment and prevention.

Resources Computers/internet access Pencils, paper, textas

To do this students will be required placed into groups where they will then be given one of the before mentioned topics to do with gum disease. Each group is to use the computers to research their topic (with teacher guidance). Each group will then report what they have learnt back to the class. The class will then create an information booklet (one page from each group) that can then be photocopied and distributed to other classes and parents. This lesson further builds upon the teeth brushing, decay and healthy foods for teeth lessons, as each aspect is also addressed when talking about gum disease.

Stapler Photocopier

Created by CSU BEd (EC/PRI) Students 2011

Appendix One: Teeth Brushing Procedure:

http://www.sadental.sa.gov.au/Portals/57ad7180-c5e7-49f5-b282-c6475cdb7ee7/HPbrushing-09-04-30.pdf

References:

Australian Dental Journal. (2011, March). Retrieved 10 6, 2011, from Wiley online library: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/adj.2011.56.issue-1/issuetoc Australian Dental Association. (2009, April 16). Delivery of oral health care: special groups: children. Retrieved 10 6, 2011, from Australian Dental Association: http://www.ada.org.au/app_cmslib/media/lib/1103/m297053_v1_policy%20stateme nt%202.3.1.pdf Australian Dental Association. (2011). Retrieved 10 6, 2011, from Australian Dental Association: http://www.ada.org.au/ A-Z Teachers Stuff. (2011). Teeth. Retrieved 10 8, 2011, from A-Z teachers stuff: http://atozteacherstuff.com/Themes/Teeth/ Board of Studies NSW. (1993). k-6 Science syllabus. Sydney: Board of Studies NSW. Board of Studies NSW. (2006, May). K-6 Creative arts syllabus. Retrieved April 1, 2011, from K6 Educational resources: http://k6.boardofstudies.nsw.edu.au/files/arts/k6_creative_arts_syl.pdf Board of Studies NSW. (2007). English syllabus K-6. Sydney: Board of Studies NSW. Colgate. (2011). Retrieved 10 6, 2011, from Colgate oral and dental health research centre: http://www.colgate.com/app/CP/US/EN/OC/Information.cvsp Colgate-Palmolive . (2004). Teachers guide: an oral health program. Retrieved 10 6, 2011, from bright smiles for bright futures: http://www.colgate.com.au/BrightSmilesBrightFutures/AU/Teachers/AboutTheProgra m/ProgramMaterials/PDFs/TeachersGuideToothKingdom.pdf Colgate-Palmolive. (2010). Guide to brushing. Retrieved 10 6, 2011, from Colgate world of care: http://www.colgate.com/app/CP/US/EN/OC/Information/Interactive-Guides/Guide-toBrushing.cvsp Cosby, B., & Fremont, E. (2002). A visit to the dentist. New York: Simon Spotlight/Nickelodeon. Gagliardi, L. (2007). Dental health education: lesson planning and implementation. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Pearson Education. Jamieson, L., Armfield, J., & Roberts-Thomson, K. (2007). Oral health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children. Retrieved 10 6, 2011, from Australian research centre for population oral health: http://www.arcpoh.adelaide.edu.au/publications/report/statistics/html_files/ATSI_chil dren.pdf Keller, L. (2011). Open wide tooth school inside. Retrieved 10 11, 2011, from School stuff: http://www.lauriekeller.com/schoolstuff_openwide.html

Kiddy House. (n.d). Teeth stuff for kids and teachers. Retrieved 10 8, 2011, from Kiddy house: http://www.kiddyhouse.com/Themes/Teeth/Teeth.html Lesson Plan Central. (2002). Teeth. Retrieved 10 8, 2011, from Lesson plan central: http://lessonplancentral.com/lessons/Health/Teeth/ Marshall, R., & Spencer, A. (2006). Accessing oral health care in australia. The Medical Journal of Australia, 59-60. McGuire, L. (1993). Brush your teeth please. USA: Reader's Digest. Metro Lyrics. (2011). Kid's just love to brush lyrics. Retrieved 10 11, 2011, from Metro lyrics: http://www.metrolyrics.com/kids-just-love-to-brush-lyrics-sesame-street.html NSDA. (n.d). Retrieved 10 8, 2011, from Healthy teeth: oral education database: http://www.healthyteeth.org/index.html Share the Care Dental. (2003). Children's books: dental care. Retrieved 10 11, 2011, from Shar the care dental: http://www.sharethecaredental.org/website/resources/Booklist.pdf Sheiham, A. (2005). Oral health, general health and quality of life. Retrieved 10 8, 2011, from World health organisation: http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/83/9/editorial30905html/en/index.html State Government of Victoria. (2010). Gum Disease. Retrieved 10 6, 2010, from Better Health Channel : http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Gum_disease Stillman-Lowe, C. (n.d). Retrieved 10 8, 2011, from Oral health education: what have we learned?: http://www.adelaide.edu.au/oral-healthpromotion/publications/journal/Oral%20Health%20Education.pdf WHO. (2011). Strategies for oral disease prevention and health promotion. Retrieved 10 8, 2011, from World health organisation: http://www.who.int/oral_health/strategies/en/