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Intersection of Surfaces
Introduction Ducts, pipe joints, smoke stacks, boilers, containers, machine castings etc., involve intersection of surfaces. Sheetmetal work required for the fabrication of the above objects necessitates the preparation of the development of the joints/objects. Orthographic drawings of lines and curves of intersection of surfaces must be prepared first for the accurate development of objects. Methods of obtaining the lines and curves of intersection of surfaces of cylinder and cylinder, prism and prism are shown to introduce the subject. Figure shows intersection of two cylinders.

Intersection of cylinder and cylinder Example A horizontal cylinder of diameter 40 mm penetrates into a vertical cylinder of diameter 60 mm. The axes of the cylinders intersect at right angles. Draw the curves of intersection when the axis of the horizontal cylinder is parallel to the VP. Construction 1. Draw the top and front views of the cylinders. 2. Draw the left side view of the arrangement. 3. Divide the circle in the side view into number of equal parts say 12. 4. The generators of the horizontal cylinder are numbered in both front and top views as shown.

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5. Mark point m, where the generator through 1 in the top view meets the circle in the top view of the vertical cylinder. Similarly mark m2, .m12. 6. Project m7 to m1 on the generator 1 1 in the front view. 7. Project m7 to m7 on 77. Similarly project all the point. 8. Draw a smooth curve through m1 ....... m7 This curve is the intersection curve at the front. The curve at the rear through m4, m8 -------m12 coincides with the corresponding visible curve at the front. Since the horizontal cylinder penetrates and comes out at the other end, similar curve of intersection will be seen on the right also. 9. Draw the curve through n1 ...... n7 following the same procedure. The two curves m1 - m7 and n1 - n7 are the required curves of intersection.

Intersection of prism and prism When a prism penetrates another prism, plane surface of one prism intersects the plane surfaces of another prism and hence the lines of intersection will be straight

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lines. In these cases, lines on the surface of one of the solids need not necessarily be drawn as it is done with cylinders. Instead, the points of intersections of the edges with the surface are located by mere inspection. These points are projected in the other view and the lines of intersection obtained. Example A square prism of base side 60 mm rests on one of its ends on the HP with the base sides equally inclined to the VP. It is penetrated fully by another square prism of base side 45 mm with the base side equally inclined to the HP. The axes intersect at right angles. The axis of the penetrating prism is parallel to both the HP and the VP. Draw the projections of the prisms and show the lines of intersection. Construction 1. Draw the top and front view of the prisms in the given position.

2. Locate the points of intersection of the penetrating prism with the surfaces of the vertical prism in the top view by inspection. Here, the edges 2-21 of the horizontal prism intersects the edge point of the vertical prism at m 2 in the top view. n4

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corresponds to the edge 4-41, and the immediately below m2, m1 and m3 relate to 1-11 and 3-31 respectively. 3. Similarly locate points n1, n2, n3, and n4 4. Project m1 onto 1-11 in the front view as m1. Similarly project all other points. m3 coincides with m1 and n3 coincides with n1 5. Join m2, m1 and m1 m4 by straight lines. Join n2 n1 and n1 n4 also by straight lines. Exercises on drawing sheet 1. A square prism with a base side of 60mm and a height of 100mm rests on the

base on the HP with a face inclined at 30 to the VP. Another horizontal square prism with a base side of 60mm and a length of 130mm, a face of which is inclined at 30 to the HP, penetrates the vertical prism completely. The axes of the two prisms are offset at 15mm with their midpoints coinciding in FV. Draw the three views of the prisms showing LOI 2. Two equal triangular prisms with a base side of 45mm and an axis length of

100mm intersect centrally at right angles. A rectangular face of each prism is on the VP. One of the prisms is vertical. Draw FV and SV of the prisms. Draw an auxiliary TV on an AIP inclined at 60 to the HP. 3. A cylinder with a 60mm diameter and a 100mm length has axis perpendicular

to the VP. Another cylinder with a 44mm diameter and a 120mm length penetrates the first cylinder. The axis of the penetrating cylinder is parallel to the HP, inclined at 150 to the VP and 8mm away from the axis of the first cylinder. Draw the two views of the cylinders showing COI 4. Two cylinders, each of 60mm base diameter and 120mm length of axis,

intersect each other in such a way that an extreme generator of each passes through the midpoint of the others axis. One of the cylinders is vertical while the other is horizontal. Draw the two views showing COI.