Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Prof Schierle
NO Synergy
1 board, S = 1/o.5 S=2 10 boards, S = 10/0.5 S = 20 10 boards, glued, S =1000/5 S = 200 Note: The same amount of material is 100 times stiffer and 10 times stronger when glued to resist shear to engage fibers in tension and compression.
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Wall structures
Synergy of form and structure
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Villa Hadrian
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San Gimignano
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Assisi
Portofino
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composition
Space definition
composition
Synergy of form and structure
composition
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texture
composition
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Karnak temple
C. 1300 BC The Hypostyle Hall features Bell Capital columns
Luxor temple
1400-1300 BC Bud Capital columns
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Citadel Micenae
Corbelled arch and dome (1350-1225 BC; for-runner of true arch) Corbelled arch Location True arch Corbelled dome section plan Citadel plan
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Lions gate
Corbelled arch
True arch
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Cordoba mosque
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Pantheon Rome
120 BC (Hadrian)
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Dome vs. funicular GGS computer study Dotted funicular line Solid dome line Dome without ballast rings would be subject to tensile stress Ballast rings reduce tensile stress
Ballast rings
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30 m
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Contemporary structures
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Suspension bridges
Rope bridge Suspender form = global moment
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Todays Ductile concrete structures: Use more concrete (to avoid brittle concrete failure) Use less steel (to strain steel before concrete failure) Extend column reinforcing through beam Extend beam reinforcing through column
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Cylindrical shell
Kimbell Museum, Fort Worth
Architect: Louis Kahn Engineer: Kommendant
Photos: Michael Bodycomb 1977 Kimbell Art Museum, reproduced with permission
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Axial resistant
Centre Pompidou Paris
Architect: Piano and Rodgers Engineer: Ove Arup The Centre Pompidou features six exhibit levels 60x166 m. The column-free space is flanked by a mechanical service zone at rear and a circulation zone in front. Steel trusses span between outrigger Gerberettes (French diminutive of Gerber, inventor of the Gerber beam (continuous beam with joints at inflection points to prevent failure at uneven settlements). Bracing resist lateral loads
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SPACE TRUSS
Space trusses span 2-ways. Thus are only effective for equal spans both ways. At unequal spans: The longer span would only carry a fraction of the load.
Interior view
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TREE STRUCTURE
Airport Terminal Stuttgart
Architect: Von Gerkan Marc Engineer: Weidleplan The terminal roof features 12 tree structures of 24 m square that rise from a stem of four bundled steel pipes to branch out from 4 to 12, to 48 supports of the steel lattice roof. Linear skylights separate the units.
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Deformation simulation
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Architect: Thomas Herzog Engineer: Julius Natterer The theme pavilion advanced the philosophy: Wood is the only renewable material Requires the least energy for production Wood use maintains healthy forests A translucent fabric rests on wood grid shells
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Suspended Structure
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(244/25.4 =
9.6)
(267/25.4 = 10.5)
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Fabric Structure
Guy cables support flying buttresses Ridge cables supported by flying buttresses Valley cables resist wind uplift Fabric spans ridge to valley cables
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STAYED STRUCTURES
Imos factory Newport UK
Architect: Richard Rogers Engineer: Anthony Hunt
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Cantilever
Pirelli Tower Milan
Architect: Ponti Engineer: Nervi
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First Interstate Bank Los Angeles Architect: I M Pei Engineer: CBM Framed tube exterior combined with braced core
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Braced Frame
Hotel Artes Barcelona
Architect/Engineer: SOM Features: Exposed steel 5 from skin for fire protection Belt trusses reduce lateral drift
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Vierendeel
Commerzbank
Frankfurt Architect: Norman Foster Engineer: Ove Arup
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