Australian poetry Discourse and contact: poetry, fiction or essays which are the product of the contact between

British people and Australians and between what they were before and what they are now. Discourses of appropriation: groups that had no voice such as aborigines use the English language to write their own literature. Nationalistic discourse: as they win their independence from Great Britain, the Australians start writing about their heroes. Discourse of consciousness: Australians become aware of the value of aboriginal culture and write about the people who inhabited the country before the British colonizers arrived. Internationalism: because of globalization, the topics they write about are the same as in any other part of the world and the English used id standard. New Zealand: Anglophile mimic verse: poets copy English poetry. Nationalistic impulse: new interest in writing about topics connected with New Zealand traditions, geography, etc. that separates writers from the centre. Modernist development: they shared of were influenced by the same type of writing or ideas of the 19th English literature, for example: T.S Elliot, Virginia Woolf. Maori tradition: writers become aware of maori traditions and legends and translate them into English. Expatriatism: women or men from New Zealand who belong to the high class move to England because it is easier to publish their writings in the centre, but even though they leave the periphery they do not lose their essence. Nationalistic canon: literary works belong to the canon when they are selected as reading material by universities. Counter-culture: movements against the establishment that influence writing. India Indigenous poetry: poetry originally written in indigenous dialects which is translated into English. Hybridization: it refers to both the mixing of indigenous dialects with English in writing and the presence of Indian topics in literature written in English. British colonial heritage: it refers to what Indians inherited from the colonies and persists up to these days. Indianness: indian writers value their own culture and traditions.

Postcolonial critique: writings that criticize the British and the crimes they committed against the Indians. Postmodernist internationalism: writers are affected by the literary movements that take place in the world today. Canada Imitators: they copy the style of English writers. Emersonian transcendentalism: Canadian writers influenced by the American writer Emerson. There is a utopic American influence. Independent authors: Atwood, Ondaatje.