scheme

SECTION A: Answer all questions

1. State Newtons third law of motion. [1

Every force that acts on an object has an equal and opposite force reacting to it.
!a" A #ric$ is l%in& on the &round as shown in fi&ure 1' with the forces shown actin& on
it. (rite down what these forces are and with them their corres)ondin& reaction )air.
[*
W = gravitational pull of the Earth on the brick R
Its reaction force is the gravitational pull of the brick
on the Earth. ..........................................................1

R = normal contact force of the ground on the brick
its reaction force is the normal contact force of the brick W
on the ground .........................................................1
!#" (hat are the characteristic of the forces+ [,

ll the forces occur in action!reaction pair must be
equal in magnitude " opposite in direction ................................1
the same type of force " acting on different objects ..................1
*. !a" -efine intensit% le.el' . [,

Intensity level# is defined as = 1$ log1$

,
_

0
I
I
d%# ..........................1
Where 0
I
= 1$
!1&
W m
!&
' kno(n as threshold hearing (hich is the
lo(est intensity at a given frequency that can be heard ) $ d%* ........1
+he decibel# d% is a measurement unit used (hen comparing t(o sound
intensities. It is dimensionless 'like radian*
!#" A recordin& en&ineer wor$s in a sound)roofed room that is //.0 d1 quieter than
the outside. If the sound intensit% in the room is 1., 2 10
310
( m
3,
' what is the intensit%
outside+

outside
=
inside
+ ,,.$ d%
4 !10 d1" lo&
0 . 44
0
+

,
_

I
I
inside
....................................................1

4 !10 d1" lo&
0 . 44
10 1
10 2 . 1
12
10
+

,
_

4 ,0.5 6 //.0 4 7/.5 d1 .......1

The sound intensit% outside the room is'
utside
I
0 = 0
I
1$
dB
outside
10

4
( )
10
8 . 64
12
10 10 00 . 1

......................................1

4 *.0, 8 10
37
( m
3,
...................................1
/. A 9et )lane is made of different classes of materials with different )ro)erties.
The ta#le #elow indicates a certain material with its )ro)erties. E8)lain wh% such
material is suita#le for certain )art of the 9et )lane. S$etch on the &i.en a8is to

:aterial ;ro)erties
;art of the
<et3)lane =ra)h Stress .s Strain
-urulami
n
Tou&h > stiff
show )lastic
deformation #efore
#rea$in&
E8terior
#od% of the
9et )lane
Stress
strain
Ceramic
1rittle #ut .er% stron&.
It has the a#ilit% to
resist hi&h
tem)erature rotor #lade in
9et en&ines
Stress
strain
?u##er
@i&hl% elastic
#eha.iour A e8tends
easil% until it reaches
a )oint where it
#ecomes hard to
stretch a&ain
T%re
Stress
strain
B. Two lon&' strai&ht wires se)arated #%0.10 m carr% currents of 15 A and 7 A in the
same direction as shown in the fi&ure
!a" -etermine the ma&nitude of the ma&netic field at the )oint ;. [/
1 4 /.5 C 10
3B
T
!#" (hat is the direction of the ma&netic field at the )oint ;+ [1

Into the plane of the page
7. -raw a circuit dia&ram for either in.ertin& am)lifier or non3in.ertin& am)lifier.
E8)lain %our circuit. [7
Inverting Amplifier Non-inverting Amplifier
1. Circuit diagram
*The +input is grounded V
Q
!
*The "input is connected to V
in
signal via #
f
* The path through #
f
acts as a path for
feed$ac% negative
*The amplifier function in a close-loop mode
1. Circuit diagram
*The V
in
is connected to the + input
*The path through #
f
acts as a path for
feed$ac% negative
*The amplifier function in a close-loop mode
D. A )h%sics )rofessor wants to find the diameter of a human hair #% )lacin& it
#etween two flat &lass )lates' illuminatin& the )lates with li&ht of .acuum wa.elen&th
4 BB, nm and countin& the num#er of #ri&ht frin&es )roduced alon& the )lates. The
)rof finds 1,B #ri&ht frin&es #etween the ed&e of the )lates and the hair. (hat is the
diameter of the hair+
The reflection from the #oundaries will cause a net 150
0
)hase shift.
The condition for #ri&ht frin&e is ,t 4 ! m 6 E " film ............................................1
and m 4 1,/' since there is #ri&ht frin&e for m 4 0. and film 4
n

t 4
2
2
1
film
m
,
_

+
4
n
m
2
2
1

,
_

+
....................................................................1
4
00 . 1 2
10 552
2
1
124
9

,
_

+

.......................................................1
4 *.// 8 10
3B
m ................................................................1
5. An electron with a $inetic ener&% of 1., 8 10
315
< collides with an electron in or#it
around an atom' causin& it to 9um) from A 7., eF le.el to A1.B eF le.el. (hat is the
final GE of the first electron+ [/
Chan&e in ener&%' E, A E1 4 A1.B A !A7.," .................................................1
4 /.D eF
4 /.D 8 1.7 8 10
31H
4 D.B, 8 10
31H
< ................................................1
The final Ginetic Ener&% 4 1., 8 10
315
A D.B, 8 10
31H
...............................1

4 /./5 8 10
31H
< ................................................1
Section 1: Answer an% four question
H. !a" -efine im)ulse. (hat are the units for im)ulse+ [,

Im)ulse is chan&e in momentum. ..........................................................1
unit: Ns or $& m s
31
.....................................................................1
!#" A s)aceshi) of mass /000 $& is mo.in& with a constant .elocit% of *.1, 8
10
B
ms
31
. It is suddenl% hit #% a m%sterious im)ulse of 1.7B 8 10
B
Ns in the o))osite
direction to its motion. (hat is its final .elocit% and direction of motion+
[/
Impulse# I = m 'v ) u * ......................................................................1
)1.-. / 1$
.
= ,$$$ ' v ) 0.1& / 1$
.
* .................................................1
v = ) 1.$1 / 1$
.
m s
!1
.......................................................1
It moves back(ards .......................................................................1
!c" !i" E8)lain wh% )arachutists #end their $nees and roll when the% hit the &round.
It is to spread out the time of the impact# and so reduce the force acting
on the parachutist. ............................................................................&

!ii" If the )arachutists mass is 50 $&' and the .elocit% of the im)act is 1, m s
31
'
what is the minimum time required for the im)act if the )arachutist does not #rea$ a
le&+ Ta$e the force required to #rea$ a le& is 700 N.

(ei&ht of )arachutist 4 50 8 H.51 4 D5/.5 N ......................................1
:a8imum force that can #e )roduced #% the le& #efore #rea$in&
I 4 , 8 700 4 1,00 N .....................................1
Ieft o.er force for deceleratin& actin& in o))osite direction to the motion
J 4 ( A I ...............................................................1
4 D5/.5 A 1,00 ...................................................1
4 A /1B., N .......................................................1
Im)ulse' Jt 4 m !. A u "
t 4
( ) ( ) ( )
2 . 415
12 80 0

F
mu mv
KKKKKKKKK1
t 4 ,.*1s .............................................................1


1!.&a' i. Name one ph(sical e)ample of a longitudinal *ave motion. +1,
- sound *ave .............................................................................................................1
ii. -hat features do longitudinal *ave have in common *ith transverse *ave.+/,
-The( $oth transmit energ( from the source
-#epeats its pattern at e0ual distance1 i.e. have a definite *avelength
-2rofile of *ave repeats e0ual num$er of times per second1 i.e. have a definite fre0uenc(
-Travel at the speed given $(
f v
*here *avelength
-3ave a definite amplitude $ut can form standing *aves.
-The( $oth transmit energ( from the source
an( three points ........................................................................../

!c" The e8cess )ressure in a tra.elin& sound wa.e is &i.en #% the equation
) 4 1.B sin
( )
1
]
1

,
_

t x 330
2

where 8 and in metres' t in seconds > ) in ;a

!i" (hat is the .elocit% of the wa.e+
) 4 3 1.B sin
1
]
1

,
_

,
_

330
330
2
x
t

equi.alent % 4 %0 sin
1
]
1

,
_

v
x t
v 2
KKK1
. 4 **0 m s
31
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK.1
!ii" If 4 , m' what is the frequenc% of the wa.e+
. 4 f ......................................................................................................................1
**0 4 f !,"
f 4 17B @L ............................................................................................1
!iii" (hat is the ma8imum )ressure ! )ressure am)litude"+
)0 4 1.B ;a ......................................................................................................1
!i." (hat is the )ressure at 8 4
6
1
and t 4 0+
) 4 3 1.Bsin
75 . 0
6
sin 5 . 1
330
6
1
0
2
330
2
1
1
1
1
]
1

,
_

,
_

;a .....................................,

11. The first law of thermod%namic' an a))lication of ener&% conser.ation' states that
the chan&e in internal ener&%' M' of a s%stem is equal to the sum of the chan&es of
heat ener&% N and wor$ done ( #% or on the s%stem.
!a" Mse this law to e8)lain water #oilin& and heatin& a &as at constant )ressure. [7

1irst 2a( of thermodynamics3 4 = 5 6 W
%oiling (ater3
5 is positive as heat is going into the system ....................................................1
W is negative as (ater e/pands (hen it changes state ....................................1
4 is positive ) the system is changing state so potential energy increases ......1

heating a gas at a constant volume
5 is positive as heat is going into the system .....................................................1
W is 7ero because the volume is fi/ed ...............................................................1
4 is positive as the temperature is increasing ....................................................1

!#" (hat is the relation #etween the s)ecific heats' at constant )ressure and constant
.olume+ [/
When gas is heated at constant volume# the entire heat energy supplied goes to
increase the internal energy of the gas molecules. ..................................................%ut
(hen a gas is heated at constant pressure# the heat supplied not only increases the
internal energy of the molecules but also does the mechanical (ork in e/panding the
gas against the opposing constant pressure. .......................................................1
8ence the specific heat of gas at constant pressure# cp is greater than it specific heat at
constant volume# cv. ........................................................................................1
It can be sho(n that for an ideal gas of molecular (eight 9#
cp ) cv = R:9 (here R is universal gas constant. ...........................1
11 !c" (hat is a field+ S$etch the .ariation of & inside and outside the Earth and
.ariation of E and FE inside and outside a hollow conductor. E8)lain.
A field is a re&ion of s)ace where force can #e felt ........................................1


F uniform across
conductor


F F 1Or KKK..1
& r
& increase & decreases E r
uniforml% &
2
1
r
KKKK..1

KK1

r
1,. ! a" (hat is the relation #etween resistance and resisti.it%+
Com)ute the resistance of 150 m of sil.er !! 1.7 8 10
35
"wire ha.in& a cross section of
0.* mm
,
. [*
R =
A
L
(here is resistivity .................1
R =
A
L
= ' 1.- / 1$
!;
*
10
10 3 . 0
180

= <.- .......................................................&
!#" If a #atter% or other source of emf has internal resistance' then the terminal .olta&e
does not equal to the emf when current is flowin&. (hat are the relations #etween emf
and terminal .olta&e in such situations+ [/
The terminal .olta&e of a #atter% or &enerator when it deli.ers a current I is equal to the
total emf minus the )otential dro) in its internal resistance'r. ..................................... 1
3 (hen deli.erin& current ! on dischar&e"' terminal .olta&e 4 emf A Ir .......................1
3(hen recei.in& current ! on char&e " terminal .olta&e 4 emf 6 Ir .......................1
3 (hen no current e8ist' terminal .olta&e 4 emf of the #atter% .....................................1
Earth
@ollow
conductor
!char&ed"
E decreases as it had
started decreasin& from the
center' E 1Or
,
..........1
E equals )otential
&radient which is Lero
!c" A 1/00 resistor is connected in series with a ,00 resistor and a 1, F #atter%.
i. @ow much does the current in the circuit chan&e when a B000 .oltmeter is
connected across ! in )arallel with" with the 1/00 resistor+ [5
Ori&inal I 4
200 1400
12
+
4 D.B0 mA .................................................................1
;lacin& B000 )arallel with 1/00 , ?
31
4
1400
1
5000
1
+
' ? 4 10H* ...........1

mA I
mA I
78 . 1 50 . 7 28 . 9
28 . 9
200 1093
12

+

.....................................2


ii. Across the ,00 resistor+
;lacin& B000 )arallel with ,00 , ?
31
4
200
1
5000
1
+
' ? 4 1H,.*

mA mA mA I
mA I
036 . 0 50 . 7 536 . 7
54 . 7
1400 3 . 192
12

+

..............2
iii. (hat does the .oltmeter read in !i"+
The dro) across 1/00 is' F 4 1, A ,00 ! H.,5 8 10
3*
" 4 10.1B F ..................1
!without .oltmeter' )otential dro) 4 10.B F"
i.. In !ii"+
Foltmeter reads: 1, A !1/00" 8 !D.B*7 8 10
3*
" 4 1./B F ...................................1
! instead of 1.B F without the .oltmeter "
1*. !a" -efine the followin& )ro)erties of lenses: con.er&in&' di.er&in&' focal len&th'
)ower and dio)ter. [B
Con.er&in& lens is one that focuses )arallel ra% to a )oint .......................................1
A di.er&in& lens is one that s)reads )arallel ra% ........................................................1
Jocal len&th refers to the distance from the lens to either )rinci)al focus. ................1
;ower of a lens is the reci)rocal of the focal len&th in metres. ...................................1
A dio)ter is the unit for the )ower of a lens' equal to the )ower of a lens of focal len&th
one metre ..................................................................................................................1
!#" A con.e8o3conca.e lens has faces of radii * and / cm' res)ecti.el%' and is made of
&lass of refracti.e inde8 1.7. -etermine its focal len&th and the linear ma&nification of
the ima&e when the o#9ect is ,5 cm from the lens. [B

( ) ( ) 5 . 0
12
1
6 . 0
4
1
3
1
1 6 . 1
2
1 1
1
1
1

,
_

1
]
1

1
]
1

R R
n
f

cm f 20
.......................,

u v f
1 1 1
+
4
v
1
28
1
20
1
+
. 4 D0 cm ..............................................................,
linear ma&nification 4
5 . 2
28
70

u
v
.....................................................................1
!c" A &ratin& ha.e 1B 000 lines )er cm )roduces s)ectra of a mercur% arc. The &reen
line of the mercur% s)ectrum has a wa.elen&th B/71. (hat is the an&ular se)aration
#etween the first order &reen line and second order &reen line.
n 4 1
sin d n
8192 . 0
100 15000
1
10 5461 1
sin
10
1

d
n

14 (a) State 1ohrs )ostulate for an atom. [,
The electron in an atom mo.es in a circular or#it a#out the nucleus
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK.KKKKKKKKKKKKKK..1
Onl% certain )ermissi#leOsta#leOquantised O stationar% states circular or#it are
allowed. KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK..1

Ener&% emitted onl% when electron transits from hi&her to lower
or#itKKK..KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK..1
an% , mar$s
(b) State four most im)ortant results from a )hotoelectric effect e8)eriment..
3 (hen the intensit% of the li&ht is increased' the ma&nitude of the current
increases. K.K......................................................................................................K.1
(hen the frequenc% of the li&ht increases' the sto))in& )otential remain
constant. KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK.K..1
There e8ist a cut3off threshold frequenc% !#elow which no electron is e9ected no
matter how intense the li&ht". KKKKKKKKKKKKKK..KKKKKK.1
The e9ection of )hotoelectrons is immediate. KKKKKKKKKK..K..KK1
(hen the frequenc% of li&ht is increased the sto))in& )otential increases O the
ma8imum GE of electron increases. K..KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK.1
an% four mar$s
!c" State two laws of conser.ation in radioacti.e deca%. [,
conser.ation of char&e !or )roton num#er" ......................................................1
conser.ation of mass num#er !or nucleon num#er" ..........................................1
conser.ation of mass3ener&% or ......................................................................1
conser.ation of momentum ............................................................................1
an% ,
!d" Explain how 23ra% is diffracted at hi&h intensit% in certain directions #%
a cr%stal. [*
Atoms as secondar% source O 23ra% is diffracted #% atoms KKKKKKK..1
;ath difference 4 n P KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK.KKK1
Constructi.e interference ha))en O in )hase ha))en KKKKKKKKKK1
!e" Explain the wor$in& )rinci)le of a mass s)ectrometer to measure the masses of
ions. [/
3 Ions are accelerated throu&h an electric field and its .elocit% determined.
KKKKKKKKKKKKK.KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK..KKK..1
3 Ions are then deflected in a ma&netic field. KKKKKKKKK..KKKK...1
3 The ma&netic field O electric field are ad9usted until the ions are detected.
KKKKKKKKKKKK.KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK.K1
3 The mass is calculated from the ma&nitude of the electric field and ma&netic
field. KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK..K..1