3G Cell Opti is!

tion
INTRODUCTION
Objective Statistical RNC/RXI/RBS counters reflect the performance of a 3G cell within the network. Specific counters are analysed to detect arious faults. !he o"#ecti e of the procedure is therefore to trace any network$related faults to the source of the pro"lem "y analysin% the fault symptoms e ident in the counter alues. Scope !his procedure identifies and recommends solutions for network faults identified throu%h the analysis of RNC/RXI/RBS statistical counters. References &dditional references to this procedure are as follows' &()X (i"raries' o Radio Network Controller *RNC+ 3,-. *CX/ 0.- 1.-- RXX+ o RXI ,1. &!2 R3.- *CX/ 0.- -.1/3 RXX+ o Radio Base Station *RBS+ 31.1/31.4/33.1/33-1 *CX/ 0.- .,--/X RXX+ o 5C62& R&N *CXS -.- .4/3 RXX+ !)2S 7ser8s 2anual 9or RNC/RXI/RBS counter descriptions refer to the /erformance Statistics document within the rele ant RNC/RXI/RBS &()X (i"rary.

PROCEDURE
ANALYSING COUNTERS 1. Available on an RNC, RXI and RBS basis, the FACTS tool is available to interface to and represent the relevant counters. Counters are collected on a uarterl! "1# $inute% basis "&no'n as a reportin( period% and are stored fro$ the operational date of the cell thereb! allo'in( for past anal!sis. ). There are nu$erous counters available fro$ an RNC*RXI*RBS. +o'ever, this procedure concentrates on counters reflectin( the critical perfor$ance of the cells. These counters "and for$ulae derived there fro$% are best anal!sed (raphicall! throu(h the use of FACTS. The for$ulae used for statistics such as ,CR and CSSR $a! be obtained 'ithin the FACTS. -. Both the N.C and the /lannin( 0 1pti$i2ation 3n(ineer are responsible for $onitorin( counters. The N.C has the responsibilit! of $aintainin( the active status of all cells and therefore $ust act in accordance to all such related

counters. The /lannin( and 1pti$i2ation 3n(ineer $onitors and acts on counters reflectin( the cell4s active perfor$ance. 5. It is possible to confi(ure alar$s to be (enerated for counters e6ceedin( specific values. These alar$s 'ould then be $onitored b! the N.C. #. For the Radio /lannin( 0 1pti$isation 3n(ineer the focus is on $aintainin( ade uate cell perfor$ance in ter$s of Accessibilit! "call setup anal!sis%, Retainabilit! "drop call anal!sis% and Inte(rit! "speech ualit!*video ualit!*pac&et throu(hput anal!sis% ACCESSI"ILITY 7. If a cell has poor accessibilit! it is t!picall! due to either so$e for$ of con(estion or a hard'are*soft'are fault or a $isconfi(uration. It is also possible that there is so$e e6ternal source of interference "such as a $icro'ave lin& on the sa$e fre uenc!% affectin( the accessibilit!. 8. Accessibilit! should be $onitored independentl! for the different RAB t!pes "e.(. Speech, CS 9ideo, /S Interactive R::, /S Interactive +S,/A, etc.% as in certain situations onl! one of the RAB t!pes 'ill be affected. For e6a$ple, a disabled +S;TXB 'ill affect the accessibilit! of the /S Interactive +S,/A RAB, but if the RBS also has a TXB "non;+S% installed then the other RABs $a! continue to have an acceptable accessibilit!. <. =hen a lo' CSSR is detected on a cell the first thin( to chec& is if Ad$ission Control is re>ectin( the RRC*RAB setup atte$pt "p$NoRe ,eniedAd$% or if it is failin( after ad$ission "p$NoFailedAfterAd$%. For hi(h p$NoRe ,eniedAd$ refer to the ?Ad$ission Control@ sections belo'. For hi(h p$NoFailedAfterAd$ refer to the ?Failure After Ad$ission@ sections belo'.

E#! pleA FACTS Report sho'in( a lo' CSSR Speech caused b! a hi(h p$NoRe ,eniedAd$. Note that p$NoRe ,eniedAd$ is not RAB specific so other RABs 'ill $ost li&el! be affected in this case too.

A$ ission Control% DL Po&er :. If Ad$ission Control re>ects a RAB establish$ent due to a lac& of ,B po'er then the counter p No'!ile$R!bEstAtte ptL!c(DlP&r is incre$ented. Chec& that the feeder losses are confi(ured correctl! in the RBS and that the para$eter !#i ) Tr!ns issionPo&er is set correctl! "t!picall! to $a6,l/o'erCapabilit! $inus C.)dB$%. The value of para$eter p&rA$ should also be verified "t!picall! set to 8#D%. Also, chec& for .C/A alar$s i.e. so$eti$es RBS -)C) sites 'ith hi(h feeder losses are confi(ured 'ith t'o .C/As per sector and one of the .C/As fails resultin( in a lar(e reduction in the $a6,l/o'erCapabilit! of the sector and, hence, causin( a lac& of ,B po'er. Bon( ter$ solutions are to increase the po'er capabilit! of the sector b! addin( or up(radin( an .C/A "RBS -)C-% or RE "RBS -)C7%, re;en(ineerin( the site to reduce feeder len(ths, or perhaps to chan(e the RBS t!pe to one usin( RREs "RBS -5C) or RBS -51)% if this provides hi(her po'er at the reference point. The short ter$ solution is to reduce the traffic carried b! the site "See the ?Traffic 1ffload@ sections%.

E#! pleA FACTS Report sho'in( a hi(h no of RAB establish$ent failures due to Ad$ission Control re>ections caused b! a lac& of ,B po'er. In this situation the site had onl! one of the t'o .C/As in sector 1 functionin( correctl! causin( the ,B po'er con(estion. This is sho'n in the cabinet vie'er snapshot belo' "Red B3, on .C/A%. There 'as also an alar$ in the RBS for the fault! .C/A.

A$ ission Control% DL C*!nnelis!tion Co$es 1C. If Ad$ission Control re>ects a RAB establish$ent due to a lac& of ,B channelisation codes then the counter p$NoFailedRab3stAtte$ptBac&,lChnlCode is incre$ented. This 'ill t!picall! affect the /S Interactive R:: ",C+*FAC+% CSSR 'orse than the Speech CSSR as the /S Interactive R:: RAB re uires channelisation codes at a lo'er spreadin( factor "usin( $ore of the code tree%. In the /5 soft'are release a cell that supports R:: and +S,/A t!picall! has # spreadin( factor 17 ,B channelisation codes reserved for +S,/A. This $eans that appro6i$atel! -)D of available codes are reserved for +S,/A. =hen this is the case it is co$$on for ,B channelisation code con(estion too occur. Chec& the settin( of para$eter $lCo$eA$ "t!picall! set to <#D on .TN4s net'or&%. The lon( ter$ solution is to add another cell in the covera(e area to ta&e so$e of the trafficF this $a! be achieved b! introducin( a second carrier, another sector, or another site. The short ter$ solution is to reduce the traffic carried b! the site "See the ?Traffic 1ffload@ sections%.

E#! pleA FACTS Reports sho'in( a hi(h no of RAB establish$ent failures due to Ad$ission Control re>ections caused b! a lac& of ,B channelisation codesF and the correspondin( decrease in CSSR for /ac&et Interactive. In this case a lar(e portion of the speech calls 'ere alread! redirected to GS. so the R:: /ac&et Interactive RAB 'as 'orst affectedF the re uired solution is sectorisation of the inbuildin( antenna s!ste$ or i$ple$entation of a second carrier fre uenc!.

A$ ission Control% UL+DL ASE 11. If Ad$ission Control re>ects a RAB establish$ent due to a lac& of EB or ,B air speech e uivalent "AS3% then the counters p No'!ile$R!bEstAtte ptL!c(UlAse or p No'!ile$R!bEstAtte ptL!c(DlAse are incre$ented. The AS3 $onitor accounts for the air interface resource usa(e in a cell "separatel! for EB and ,B% b! $eans of an avera(e static load esti$ation of each radio lin& in the cellF for $ore infor$ation refer to the ?Capacit! .ana(e$ent@ docu$ent in the ?=C,.A RAN@ AB3X librar!. Because a RB4s AS3 is an esti$ation it is possible that in certain situations it is an over;esti$ation of the load in a cell e.(. for inbuildin( cells on a different carrier fre uenc! to the surroundin( $acro cells. In such situations it is possible to increase the EB*,B AS3 ad$ission control li$it "para$eters aseElAd$*ase,lAd$% in order to prevent unnecessar! ad$ission control re>ections of RAB establish$ents. So, a short ter$ solution to relieve such con(estion $a! be to increase aseElAd$*ase,lAd$, but the effect on ,CR*CSSR should be closel! $onitored "Note that the aseElAd$ default value on .TN4s net'or& is alread! less strin(ent than the 3ricsson default%. Another short ter$ solution is to reduce the traffic carried b! the site "See the ?Traffic 1ffload@ sections%. The lon( ter$ solution is to add another cell in the covera(e area to ta&e so$e of the trafficF this $a! be achieved b! introducin( a second carrier, another sector, or another site.

E#! pleA FACTS Report sho'in( RAB establish$ent failures due to Ad$ission Control re>ections caused b! a lac& of EB AS3. In this case the EB AS3 con(estion 'as $inor con(estion for a fe' da!s so no action 'as ta&en.

A$ ission Control% Connection Li its 1). If Ad$ission Control re>ects a RAB establish$ent due to e6ceedin( the confi(ured connection li$it for SF <, SF 17, or SF -) then the counter p No'!ile$R!bEstAtte ptE#cee$ConnLi it is incre$ented. These spreadin( factors are used b! the /S75*-<5, /S75*1)<, and /S75*-<5 RBs so the connection li$it bloc&in( t!picall! applies to channel s'itchin( bet'een these RBs for an R:: pac&et interactive RAB. The connection li$its are confi(ured b! para$eters sf<Ad$, sf17Ad$ and sf-)Ad$. The default settin(s allo' the $a6i$u$ possible nu$ber of RB4s for each spreadin( factor in 'hich case Ad$ission Control 'ill not bloc& for this reason. Bo'er settin(s have been tested "in co$bination 'ith ad>usted Class B HoS settin(s on the Iub interface% in 'hich case so$e connection li$it re>ections 'ere obtained. But this is a special situation and for the purpose of this docu$ent such connection li$it re>ections are not 'orth further consideration.

A$ ission Control% ,!r$&!re Us!-e .C*!nnel Ele ents/ 1-. It is possible for Ad$ission Control to re>ect a RAB establish$ent atte$pt due to insufficient EB or ,B RBS hard'are capacit! i.e. too fe' channel ele$ents available. The channel ele$ent capacit! of an RBS $a! be soft'are li$ited "accordin( the soft'are license confi(ured for the RBS% or hard'are li$ited "accordin( to the TXBs and RAXBs installed in the RBS%. The t'o para$eters that control the RBS hard'are ad$ission polic! are )l,&A$ and $l,&A$ . B! default these para$eters should be set to 1CCD in 'hich case no hard'are is reserved for handovers and Ad$ission Control 'ill not bloc& RAB establish$ent atte$pts for this reason "see ?Failure After Ad$issionA +ard'are Esa(e@%. In soft'are revision P0 t*ere is no specific co)nter to in$ic!te t*is t1pe of A$ ission Control rejection2 so if p NoRe3Denie$A$ is tri--ere$ &it*o)t !n1 of t*e ot*er relev!nt co)nters in$ic!tin- ! re!son t*en it is li(el1 t*!t t*is is t*e c!)se !n$ t*!t )l,&A$ or $l,&A$ is incorrectl1 confi-)re$ to ! v!l)e belo& 4556. In the /# soft'are release there are ne' counters that indicate 'hen lac& of hard'are capacit! causes RAB establish$ent failures in a cellA p$NoFailedRab3stAtte$ptBac&,l+', p$NoFailedRab3stAtte$ptBac&,l+'Best, p$NoFailedRab3stAtte$ptBac&El+', p$NoFailedRab3stAtte$ptBac&El+'Best.

E#! pleA FACTS Reports sho'in( RAB establish$ent failures due to Ad$ission Control 'ith no counter sho'in( the reason "this is for /5%. In this case the += ad$ission li$its 'ere suspected and found to be ul+'Ad$I8C and dl+'Ad$I8C "instead of both bein( 1CC%. After correctin( these settin(s the Ad$ission Control re>ections disappeared and, as can be seen in the second plot belo', the /ac&et CSSR i$proved. In the third plot belo' the EB C3 Esa(e is seen to pea& around 5# C3s. This RBS had a capacit! of 75 EB C3sF 8CD of 75 C3s is 55.< C3s. In other'ords, the EB C3 Esa(e and the Ad$ission Control li$it correlate to each other.

'!il)re After A$ ission% I)b Con-estion 15. If a ETRAN cell has a hi(h nu$ber of RRC*RAB establish$ent re uest failures after bein( ad$itted b! Ad$ission Control "p$NoFailedAfterAd$%, then a co$$on reason 'ould be due to Iub Con(estion. =hen considerin( the Iub interface it is i$portant to re$e$ber that $ainl! RABs confi(ured to use strict AAB) HoS settin(s 'ill be bloc&ed at call setup b! AAB) CAC. T!picall! the R:: RABs "i.e. all RABs e6cludin( +S,/A and 3EB RABs% are confi(ured to use AAB) HoS class A or class B, 'ith both classes confi(ured to use a strict HoS. +S,/A and 3EB 'ill t!picall! use AAB) HoS class C and class ,, 'ith both classes confi(ured to use a best effort HoS. T!picall! the R:: /ac&et Interactive RAB 'ill be the first RAB to sho' si(ns of AAB) con(estion 'ith a poor /ac&et Interactive CSSR and correspondin( hi(h p$NoFailedAfterAd$. The AAB) Setup Success Rate statistics fro$ the relevant RXI to'ards the RBS $a! then be investi(ated. This should t!picall! be ::D and above, but if not and the counter p UnS)ccO)tConnsLoc!l indicates that it is local re>ections "on the RXI% b! CAC, then there is con(estion on the Iub interface. E#! pleA FACTS Reports sho'in( hi(h p$NoFailedAfterAd$ "1 st plot%, lo' CSSR /ac&et Interactive ")nd plot%, and lo' AAB) Call Setup Success Rate 'ith correspondin( hi(h p$EnSucc1utConnsBocal "-rd plot%. Fro$ )CC7;11;)5 the proble$ disappears. In this case the solution 'as to activate ,irected Retr! to GS. and to chan(e the AAB) HoS class B traffic to use a best effort confi(uration thereb! allo'in( $ore /S75*1)< and /S75*-<5 users "as 'ell as orderin( a ) nd 31 to the site%F note that this RBS did not have +S,/A confi(ured therefore there 'as no concern about affectin( the e6perience of +S users as described in section ?Considerations For +S,/AA Iub Band'idth@.

'!il)re After A$ ission% Core Tr!nsport Net&or( Con-estion 1#. Related to the above point "?Failure After Ad$issionA Iub Con(estion@% is transport net'or& con(estion in lin&s other than the Iub e.(. RNCJ;K.G= "Iu;

cs%, RNCJ;KSGSN "Iu;ps% and inter;.G= lin&s. If this is the case then the CSSR of an entire RNC"s% 'ill deteriorate alon( 'ith the AAB) Setup Success Rate for a $a>or lin& to the RNC. It 'ould then be necessar! to loo& at the lin& utilisation in order to confir$ such lin& con(estion, but that is be!ond the scope of this docu$ent. E#! pleA FACTS Reports sho'in( poor CSSR Speech for CTRNC1 for t'o da!s and then an i$prove$ent for the ne6t t'o da!s "1st plot%F and the correspondin( AAB) Setup Success Rate for the CT.G=1;KRB.G=1 ")nd plot% and RB.G=1;KCT.G=1 "-rd plot% lin&s for the sa$e da!s. The CT.G=1J;KRB.G=1 lin& had a hi(h utilisation "K<CD% so the pea& cell rate "/CR% for the lin& 'as increased resultin( in the noticeable i$prove$ent.

'!il)re After A$ ission% ,!r$&!re Us!-e .C*!nnel Ele ents/ 17. A hi(h nu$ber of RRC*RAB setup failures after ad$ission "p$NoFailedAfterAd$% could be due to insufficient EB or ,B RBS hard'are

capacit! i.e. too fe' channel ele$ents available. The channel ele$ent capacit! of an RBS $a! be soft'are li$ited "accordin( the soft'are license confi(ured for the RBS% or hard'are li$ited "accordin( to the TXBs and RAXBs installed in the RBS%. The t'o para$eters that control the RBS hard'are ad$ission polic! are ul+'Ad$ and dl+'Ad$. If these para$eters are set to a value lo'er than 1CCD then Ad$ission Control should bloc& an! RRC*RAB setup atte$pts re uirin( $ore than the available channel ele$ents "see ?Ad$ission ControlA +ard'are Esa(e@%F ho'ever, b! default these para$eters should be set to 1CCD in 'hich case no hard'are is reserved for handovers and Ad$ission Control 'ill not bloc& RAB establish$ent atte$pts for this reason so the setup atte$pt fails after ad$ission. The RBS counters p$SetupFailureSfXX in the Eplin&Baseband/ool "EBS3TE/FAIBER3SSFXX% and p$SetupFailureSfXX in the ,o'nlin&Baseband/ool ",BS3TE/FAIBER3SSFXX% indicate RB "at SF XX% setup failures due to a lac& of EB and ,B hard'are capacit!. If this is the case then a short ter$ solution $a! be to reduce the traffic carried b! the site "See the ?Traffic 1ffload@ sections%. The lon( ter$ solution is to up(rade the EB "RAXB% or ,B "TXB% channel ele$ent capacit! of the site. This $a! be achieved b! s'appin( the relevant board 'ith that of another site that has $ore capacit! than it re uires, or b! sourcin( a ne' board. Note that it is possible for these counters to incre$ent even 'hen there should be sufficient channel ele$ent capacit! "for e6a$ple due to a soft'are bu( in the soft'are revision bein( usedF see ?Failure After Ad$issionA 1ther@% so it is i$portant to co$pare the channel ele$ent usa(e to the channel ele$ent capacit! of the RBS to $a&e sure that it $a&es sense for this to be the root of the proble$. E#! pleA FACTS Reports sho'in( poor CSSR /ac&et Interactive "1 st plot%F hi(h p$NoFailedAfterAd$ ")nd plot%F and EB setup failures due to a lac& of EB baseband hard'are capacit! "RAXB%. Note that this RBS had 75 EB channel ele$ent capacit! until -1st Au(ust 'hen it 'as up(raded to 1)< EB channel ele$ents. The esti$ated EB C3 Esa(e pea&s above 75 channel ele$ents even before the -1 st confir$in( that RAXB con(estion is the source of the proble$, and then after the up(rade to 1)< channel ele$ents the EB C3 Esa(e starts pea&in( above 1CC indicatin( ho' necessar! the up(rade 'as. The i$prove$ent to CSSR /ac&et Interactive and the decrease in p$NoFailedAfterAd$ after the RAXB up(rade is clearl! noticeable.

'!il)re After A$ ission% Ot*er 18. If none of the above reasons for a poor CSSR are apparent, then it is li&el! to be a $ore co$plicated proble$ to resolveF often relatin( to a soft'are*hard'are fault, or perhaps an e6ternal source of interference in the area. At the ti$e of 'ritin(, the -G technolo(! is not as $ature as the current )G s!ste$ "as 'ould be e6pected% and hence there are still nu$erous i$prove$ents bein( i$ple$ented in ever! soft'are release, alon( 'ith the continued develop$ent of ne', $ore efficient and opti$ised hard'are (enerations for the various -G nodes. The e6a$ple belo' illustrates one such proble$ of this t!pe encountered. E#! pleA FACTS Reports sho'in( poor CSSR Speech 'ith hi(h p$NoFailedAfterAd$ "1st plot%F and hi(h p$SetupFailuresSfXX indicatin( TXB con(estion. +o'ever, the ,B C3 Esa(e is ver! lo', seldo$ pea&in( above 7 channel ele$ents so this doesn4t $a&e sense. After investi(atin( nu$erous RBSs sho'in( these ?s!$pto$s@ it 'as established that the! all had a sin(le +S;TXB as opposed to the other RBSs 'hich all had a TXB as 'ell as an +S;TXB. Both confi(urations are valid and have $ore than sufficient do'nlin& channel ele$ent capacit!. It 'as also noted that if the RBS is restarted then the proble$ disappeared for a fe' da!s and then re;appearedF this is clearl! visible in the plots 'here the restart occurred on ) Lanuar!. This turned out to be a soft'are fault for the sin(le TXB confi(uration "due to a failure to release so$e resources on the TXB%. The fi6 'as delivered fro$ soft'are release /5.C.)C "'hereas the release installed on the nodes at the ti$e 'as /5.C.1)%.

RETAINA"ILITY 1<. If a cell has poor retainabilit! it is t!picall! due to either $issin( nei(hbour definitions "=C,.A and*or GS.%, overshootin( cell"s%, a $isbehavin( nei(hbour

site, a hard'are*soft'are fault or a $isconfi(uration. It is also possible that there is so$e e6ternal source of interference "such as a $icro'ave lin& on the sa$e fre uenc!% affectin( the retainabilit!. 1:. Retainabilit! should be $onitored independentl! for the different RAB t!pes "e.(. Speech, CS 9ideo, /S Interactive R::, /S Interactive +S,/A, etc.% as in certain situations onl! one of the RAB t!pes 'ill be affected. For e6a$ple, a cell $a! be confi(ured 'ith GS. as the preferred +1 t!pe in 'hich case Speech calls 'ill perfor$ IRAT handovers to GS. rather than perfor$in( IF+1s, but CS 9ideo calls 'ill perfor$ IF+1s. In such a situation, $issin( inter;fre uenc! nei(hbour cell relation definitions 'ill i$pact the ,CR of CS 9ideo calls, but not Speech calls. )C. +o'ever, in the $a>orit! of cases the factors that affect the Speech retainabilit! 'ill also affect the retainabilit! of the other RABs. =hen a hi(h speech ,CR is detected on a cell the first thin( to chec& is the t!pe of drops occurrin( as indicated b! the counters p NoS1sRelSpeec*So,o2 p NoS1sRelSpeec*Nei-*br2 p NoS1sRelSpeec*UlS1nc* !n$ p NoOfTer Speec*Con-F and then to anal!se the situation 'ith the follo'in( in $indM Soft ,!n$over Drops )1. T!picall! a cell that has a hi(h nu$ber of dropped calls due to S1+1 failures "p$NoS!sRelSpeechSo+o% 'ill also have a hi(h nu$ber of drops due to $issin( nei(hbours "p$NoS!sRelSpeechNei(hbr% indictin( that the S1+1 failures are due to $issin( nei(hbour relationsF ho'ever, there are situations 'here S1+1 failures happen for other reasons. T'o co$$on reasons are a nei(hbourin( cell that is $isbehavin( "often due to fault! hard'are*soft'are% or a $isconfi(uration resultin( in a failure to perfor$ an inter;RNC S1+1 across the Iur interface. These t'o situations are illustrated in the follo'in( e6a$plesM E#! pleA FACTS Reports sho'in( t'o cells in the sa$e area "1 st plot% 'ith a hi(h p$NoS!sRelSpeechSo+o and a $uch lo'er p$NoS!sRelSpeechNei(hbr indicatin( that the soft handover failures are not due to $issin( nei(hbours ") nd 0 -rd plot%. After further investi(ation it 'as discovered that the cells on the nei(hbourin( site E5##5 'ere auto$aticall! loc&ed "5th plot% and the .ub interface to the site 'as do'n. These cells 'ere trans$ittin( C/IC+ !et there 'ere $ultiple channels "RAC+, FAC+, etc% that 'ere disabled preventin( the site fro$ carr!in( an! traffic. +o'ever, E3s in the nei(hbourin( cells 'ere $easurin( the C/IC+ fro$ these cells and atte$ptin( to perfor$ S1+1 to the$. Such S1+1 atte$pts 'ere failin( leadin( to the S1+1 drops. As is clearl! visible in the FACTS Reports, 'hen the site E5##5 ca$e bac& on air on )) Lan the S1+1 drops on the nei(hbourin( cells disappeared alon( 'ith a hu(e reduction in the ,CR e6perienced b! these cells.

E#! pleA Referin( to the three sites sho'n in the fi(ure belo' "1 st plot%A E1-:- and EC#58 are on CTRNC1 'hile E-:8C is on TBRNC1. The three FACTS Reports belo' ")nd, -rd 0 5th plots% sho' cells fro$ these sites 'ith a hi(h p$NoS!sRelSpeechSo+o. Note that althou(h there are so$e drops due to $issin( nei(hbours "p$NoS!sRelSpeechNei(hbr%, but $ost of the S1+1 drops are for another reason. In this case the soft handover counters "p$RlAddAtte$ptBestCellSpeech and p$RlAddSuccessBestCellSpeech% indicated S1+1 success bet'een -:8CC1 and 1-:-B1*#58B1F ho'ever a G/3+ trace of event INT3RNABNS1FTN+AN,193RN3X3CETI1N sho'ed that these handovers actuall! failed "see snapshot of slide in #th plot%. It 'as established that a $isconfi(uration of an AAB) routin( case bet'een the t'o RNCs resulted in all S1+1 atte$pts across the Iur interface to fail. This 'as corrected on : Lan and fro$ the FACTS Reports the i$prove$ent is obvious.

7issin- Nei-*bo)r Drops )). A cell that has a hi(h nu$ber of dropped calls due to $issin( nei(hbour relations 'ill have a hi(h p$NoS!sRelSpeechNei(hbr. A $issin( nei(hbour relation 'ill onl! cause a dropped call if the RNC receives an 3vent 1a, 1c or 1d .easure$ent Report fro$ the E3 re uestin( the addition of a SC to the AS "or an +S cell chan(e% for a SC that is not defined as a nei(hbour relation to an! of the cells in the AS and if the 3c*No reported for that SC is releaseConn1ffset above the 3c*No of the best servin( cell in the ASF 'here the RNC para$eter releaseConn1ffset is t!picall! set to 1)dB$. The reason for this s!ste$ release is to prevent e6cessive EB interference in the net'or&. This t!pe of dropped call is relativel! eas! to solve usin( the General /erfor$ance 3vent +andler "G/3+% tool in 1SS;RC. =ith this tool all details on 3vent 1a, 1c or 1d .easure$ent Reports containin( a SC not in the AS nei(hbour list $a! be captured and anal!sed usin( the INT3RNABNS1+1N,SN.ISSINGNN3IG+B1ER event "includin( those .easure$ent Reports that do not cause a s!ste$ release of the call%. In this 'a! the $issin( nei(hbour or interferin( cell $a! be established and appropriate action ta&en e.(. addition of the nei(hbour relation and*or antenna tiltin(, etc. For $ore infor$ation on the G/3+ tool refer to the relevant docu$entation in the AB3X RNC and 1SS;RC libraries. Because $issin( nei(hbour drops are relativel! eas! to solve, it is reco$$ended to opti$ise the nei(hbour relations and antenna confi(uration until the percenta(e of drops due to $issin( nei(hbour relations is less than 1CD of the total nu$ber of drops in each RNC. E#! pleA FACTS Report sho'in( a hi(h ,CR Speech on cell 1-8:C1 'ith the $a>orit! of dropped calls due to $issin( nei(hbours as sho'n b! the counter p$NoS!sRelSpeechNei(hbr "1st plot%. A G/3+ trace 'ith event INT3RNABNS1+1N,SN.ISSINGNN3IG+B1ER 'as e6ecuted on 5 Lan 'here it 'as found that SC )5 and SC << 'ere the $a>or cause of these $issin( nei(hbour drops ")nd plot%. The cells in the area 'ith these scra$blin( codes 'ere found to be 1CC1 and 517B1 "-rd plot%. =ith the addition of these t'o nei(hbours to 1-8:C1 on 5 Lan the i$prove$ent in the ,CR Speech fro$ around #D to around )D is clearl! visible in the FACTS Report.

UL S1nc*ronis!tion Drops )-. A connection is considered lost b! the Radio Connection Supervision "RCS% function in the SRNC 'hen the last radio lin& set "RBS% for the connection has been out;of;s!nc for a ti$e (iven b! the para$eter $c*RcLostT "or *sDsc*RcLostT for an +S,/A connection%. =hen this occurs for a connection containin( a speech RAB "or a $ulti;RAB containin( speech% the counter p$NoS!sRelSpeechElS!nch is incre$ented. A cell that has a hi(h ,CR 'ith a relativel! hi(h nu$ber of dropped calls due to loss of EB s!nchronisation $a! have various contributin( factors. These $a! include $issin( IRAT nei(hbour relation definitions resultin( in the connection ?han(in( on@ to the -G net'or& until the call is dropped 'hen it 'ould be better served handin( the call over to the )G net'or&. This $a! be especiall! true for cells on the border of the -G covera(e area 'here the -G si(nal $a! reach areas further a'a! fro$ the site than e6pected. B! identif!in( such areas an! $issin( )G nei(hbour relations $a! be addedF or perhaps a $isconfi(uration discovered, such as havin( an IRAT nei(hbour relation defined in an RNC to'ards a )G cell that is not defined as an outer cell in the -G .SC Server "see e6a$ple belo'%. Bear in $ind that a $a6i$u$ of 1C to 1) GS. nei(hbours is reco$$ended for each -G cell in order to avoid nei(hbour list truncation issues. Another $eans to i$prove the situation $a! be to lo'er the thresholds used to tri((er IRAT +1s "refer to the settin(s for para$eters usedFre Thres)d3cno, utranRelThresh-a3cno, usedFre Thresh)dRscp and utranRelThresh-aRscp%. For e6a$ple, tri((erin( co$pressed $ode at 3c*NoI;11dB$ instead of ;1)dB$ $a! prevent drops as calls are handed earlier to the GS. net'or& that t!picall! has better covera(e than the -G net'or&. If the po'er of a RB is ver! lo' then that RB 'ill be $ore sensitive to sudden interference chan(es, so a cell that has a hi(h nu$ber of EB s!nchronisation drops $a! cover a radio environ$ent 'ith a relativel! hi(h nu$ber of E3s e6periencin( sudden interference chan(es "(enerall! caused b! brid(es, buildin(s, tunnels, steep hill! terrain, etc%. In order to prevent the /o'er Control function fro$ decreasin( the po'er too $uch due to te$porar! (ood radio conditions, a $ini$u$ ,B code po'er $a! be confi(ured usin( the EtranCell para$eter $in/'rRl. Note that this para$eter has an effect on the ,B po'er capacit! of the cell so should onl! be used if reall! necessar!. An e6ternal interference source $a! also be the cause of EB s!nc dropsF refer to the section O1ther Reasons for ,rops4 for an e6a$ple of this. It is reco$$ended to resolve an! S1+1 and $issin( nei(hbour drop proble$s before atte$ptin( to resolve EB s!nc drops as often the cause of such drops 'ill resolve EB s!nchronisation drops too. E#! pleA FACTS Report sho'in( a hi(h ,CR Speech on cell 551)A1 'ith the $a>orit! of dropped calls due to loss of EB s!nchronisation as sho'n b! the counter p$NoS!sRelSpeechElS!nch "1st plot%. It 'as discovered that the IRAT +1s to'ards the )G net'or& stopped functionin( as sho'n in the )nd plot belo'. After further

investi(ation it 'as discovered that the definition of the -G e6ternal cell on the )G BSC*.SC had so$eho' been deleted leadin( to no -G;K)G handovers. After the -G e6ternal cell definition 'as re;created in the )G net'or& the IRAT +1s 'ere restored and the correspondin( i$prove$ent to the ,CR is clearl! visible in the FACTS Report.

E#! pleA FACTS Report sho'in( the reduction in the nu$ber of EB s!nch drops and the correspondin( i$prove$ent to the ,CR Speech of cell )55CA1 'hen usedFre Thresh)dRscp 'as chan(ed fro$ ;1C7dB$ to ;1C5dB$, $in/'rRl 'as

chan(ed to fro$ ;1#C ";1#dB$% to ;15C "15dB$% and t'o additional GS. nei(hbour relations 'ere added. This cell 'as on the border of the -G covera(e area.

Rele!se $)e to Con-estion Resolve Action )5. =hen Con(estion Control detects do'nlin& cell con(estion, besides li$itin( ad$ission to the con(ested cell con(estion resolve actions are also initiated in the cell. Initiall! non;(uaranteed services are tar(eted 'hich t!picall! results in R:: pac&et interactive connections bein( channel s'itched to use the RAC+*FAC+ co$$on channels 'ith the counter p$No1fS',o'nN(Con( bein( incre$ented. If do'nlin& cell con(estion persists then RABs belon(in( to the other service classes "(uaranteed and (uaranteed;hs% $a! also be release 'ith the follo'in( counters bein( incre$ented accordin(l!A p$No1fTer$SpeechCon(, p$No1fTer$CsCon( and p$No1fTer$+sCon(. "Note that at the ti$e of 'ritin( not all of these counters 'ere available in FACTS%. =hen such s!ste$ releases are detected then the solution is to solve the con(estion proble$s as described in the Accessibilit! section of this docu$ent. Nor$all! the con(estion should be detected and resolved throu(h Accessibilit! $onitorin( before the ,CR is si(nificantl! affected due to con(estion resolve actions. Refer to the OCapacit! .ana(e$ent4 docu$ent in the =C,.A RAN AB3X librar! for $ore infor$ation on the Con(estion Control functionalit!.

E#! pleA At the ti$e of 'ritin( onl! the follo'in( counters related to Con(estion Resolve Actions 'ere available in FACTS. Note that in this e6a$ple onl! the counter p$No1fS',o'nN(Ad$ has been incre$entin( but this counter actuall! sho's the nu$ber of channel rate do'ns'itches "/S75*-<5;K/S75*1)< or /S75*1)<;K/S75*75% tri((ered b! Ad$ission Control as opposed to the counter p$No1fS',o'nN(Con( that sho's the nu$ber of channel t!pe do'ns'itches "/S75*XX;KRAC+*FAC+% tri((ered b! Con(estion Control.

Ot*er Re!sons for Drops )#. If none of the above reasons for a poor ,CR $a! be established, then it is li&el! to be a $ore co$plicated proble$ to resolveF often relatin( to a soft'are*hard'are fault, or perhaps an e6ternal source of interference in the area. At the ti$e of 'ritin(, the -G technolo(! is not as $ature as the current )G s!ste$ "as 'ould be e6pected% and hence there are still nu$erous i$prove$ents bein( i$ple$ented in ever! soft'are release, alon( 'ith the continued develop$ent of ne', $ore efficient and opti$ised hard'are (enerations for the various -G nodes. The e6a$ples belo' illustrate such proble$s 'ith t'o difficult scenarios encountered.

E#! pleA FACTS Reports sho'in( all three sectors of site E171: suddenl! e6periencin( a hi(h ,CR of around <CD. The counters (ive no indication as to the reason for the drop i.e. the! are not S1+1, or $issin( nei(hbour or EB s!nch drops. After restartin( the RBS, the ,CR returns to ?nor$al@ on all three sectorsF as can be seen in the plots belo' 'here the RBS 'as restarted at around 1<ACC on ): Au(. This t!pe of situation appeared rando$l! on sites throu(hout the net'or& and turned out to be a soft'are fault in the soft'are release i$ple$ented on the RBSs at the ti$e.

E#! pleA FACTS Reports sho'in( poor ,CR perfor$ance 'ith al$ost all drops bein( due to loss of EB s!nchronisation "1st plot%. Fro$ the counters it is evident that the RRC connection setup success rate is lo'er than it should be "p$TotNoRrcConnecRe versus p$TotNoRrcConnecRe Success in )nd plot%F ho'ever, fro$ drive tests it 'as onl! possible to establish a call if the E3 'as less than 1CC$ fro$ the site and 'ith line

of site to the antenna. After chec&in( all confi(urations and e uip$ent no cause for the proble$ could be established. It 'as noted fro$ the drive tests that 'hen a call 'as established the E3 TX po'er 'as constantl! at $a6i$u$ "or ver! close there too%. Also, fro$ the RBS counter p$Avera(eRSSI "not available in FACTS at the ti$e of 'ritin(% it 'as established that the uplin& RSSI 'as constantl! (reater than ;<CdB$. These t'o facts indicate the presence of hi(h EB interference. A spectru$ anal!ser 'as used to establish that there 'as another si(nal in the area bein( trans$itted on the sa$e fre uenc! and, as it turned out, Transtel had a $icro'ave lin& usin( this fre uenc! that 'ent strai(ht throu(h the site "- rd plot%.

INTEGRITY )7. Inte(rit! is defined as the abilit! of a user to receive the re uested service at the desired ualit!. T!picall! the service ualit! is $easured in ter$s of the transport bloc& error rate "BB3R% for the RAB. The BB3R $easure$ents obtainable are fairl! li$ited but $a! be used as a bench$ar& of the service ualit! in the net'or&. The (eneral approach to i$provin( Inte(rit! is throu(h net'or& opti$isation as described in the Retainabilit! section of this docu$entF i$prove$ents in Retainabilit! P/Is should lead to i$prove$ents in Inte(rit! P/Is too. UL "loc( Error R!te )8. Fro$ RNC counters, it is possible to obtain the EB BB3R, after $acrodiversit! co$binin(, per EeRc in each RNC. This effectivel! allo's the BB3R on each RNC to be $onitored for each RB t!pe, providin( an indication of the service ualit! for each RB t!pe. Refer to the OS!ste$ /erfor$ance Statistics4 docu$ent in the AB3X =C,.A RAN librar! for a $appin( of EeRc nu$ber to RB. +o'ever, at the ti$e of 'ritin( these statistics 'ere not available in FACTS. Drive Test "!se$ Service 8)!lit1 7e!s)re ents )<. Fro$ T3.S Investi(ation 8.1 the abilit! to $easure the speech and video strea$in( service ualit! is introduced throu(h t'o ne' P/IsA the =C,.A Speech Hualit! Inde6 "SHI% and the 9ideo Strea$in( Hualit! Inde6 "9SHI%. These t'o P/Is $a! be used to bench$ar& the service ualit! for speech and video strea$in( fro$ drive test data. In addition to the above the ,B BB3R $a! also be obtained for R99 : ,SDPA PS Inter!ctive T*ro)-*p)t .RNC Level/ ):. The throu(hput obtained on the pac&et interactive RABs "+S,/A and R::% are a (ood indication of the Inte(rit! offered b! these services. Counters are available at an RNC level to obtain the /S Interactive Avera(e Throu(hput for R:: ",C+*FAC+% and +S,/A, as 'ell as the retrans$ission rate for these t'o services. E#! pleA FACTS Report sho'in( the 'ee&l! throu(hput and retrans$ission rate for +S,/A and R:: ",C+*FAC+% /S Interactive RABs on RBRNC1.

,SDPA .7AC;,S/ T*ro)-*p)t .Cell Level/ -C. The +S,/A service is $ar&eted as a broadband $obile data service 'ith superior perfor$ance to standard -G "or R::% $obile pac&et data. 1f course this $eans that it is i$portant to ensure that an +S,/A user actuall! e6periences superior perfor$ance to an R:: -G user and 'hile the +S /ac&et Interactive RAB is capable of $uch hi(her throu(hputs than the R:: /ac&et Interactive RAB, one has to bear in $ind that +S,/A uses a shared channel "+S;,SC+% 'hereas in R:: the channel is dedicated ",C+% to the user. The total .AC;+S cell throu(hput before re;trans$issions "+SC3BB,ATARAT3% and after re; trans$issions "+SC3BBT+R1EG+/ET%, as 'ell as the avera(e .AC;+S throu(hput per user before re;trans$issions "+SES3R,ATARAT3% and after re; trans$issions "+SES3RT+R1EG+/ET% are available fro$ RBS counters and i$ple$ented in FACTS. Note that this reflects the throu(hput over the radio interface and (enerall! does not reflect proble$s in the transport net'or& "See ?Considerations for +S,/AA Iub Band'idth@%. As 'ould be e6pected, there are relationships bet'een the CHI value reported b! the E3, the retrans$ission rate, and the cell throu(hput. Bo' CHI values reflect a poor radio environ$ent and hence a lo'er throu(hput 'ith hi(her retrans$ission rate. Bear in $ind that this $a! be due to a sin(le user that is in a poor covera(e area, 'hereas the cell does provide (ood throu(hputs in other areas. In such a situation so$e antenna ad>ust$ents $a! i$prove perfor$anceF other'ise an additional site $a! be re uired to fill the covera(e (ap. Note too that for reliable throu(hput statistics a reasonable data volu$e is re uired.

E#! pleA FACTS Reports sho'in( (ood .AC;+S Throu(hputs 'ell above 1.bps for the cell althou(h droppin( belo' #CC&bps 'hen the data volu$e drops belo' #CCPB!te per 1# $inute interval "1st plot%F (ood avera(e reported CHI values $ostl! above )C 'ith the avera(e used CHI value noticeabl! hi(her sho'in( that the .AC;+S scheduler is schedulin( the users in the better instantaneous radio environ$ent ") nd plot%F retrans$ission ratio and NACP ratio $ostl! belo' C.1 "or 1CD% correlatin( to the (ood radio environ$ent reflected b! the CHI values "- rd plot%F a noticeable split bet'een the cell throu(hput and user throu(hput as the avera(e nu$ber of E3s 'ith data buffered in the RBS increases "5th plot%.

E#! pleA FACTS Reports sho'in( poor .AC;+S Throu(hputs belo' -CC&bps "1 st plot%F correspondin( poor avera(e reported CHI values of around < 'ith the avera(e used CHI belo' the avera(e reported CHI possibl! due to the poor ACP*NACP detection success rate and the fact that there is onl! one user in the cell ") nd plot%F ver! poor retrans$ission ratio "above C.#% and NACP ratio "above C.5% reflectin( the poor radio environ$ent reported b! the CHI values "- rd plot%.

OT,ER Consi$er!tions for ,SDPA% DL C*!nnelis!tion Co$es 31. T!picall! 'hen +S,/A is launched in a net'or& it is confi(ured to share the sa$e carrier as the R:: traffic. In soft'are release /5 this nor$all! $eans that five +S;/,SC+s at spreadin( factor 17 are reserved for the +S;,SC+ channel and an +S;SCC+ at spreadin( factor 1)< is re uired tooF i.e. -)D of the available do'nlin& channelisation codes are reserved for +S,/A. =hen R:: and +S,/A. =ith this confi(uration it is t!pical for do'nlin& channelisation code con(estion to be the li$itin( factor of the cells capacit!. The /# soft'are release introduces a feature called +S,/A ,!na$ic Code Allocation $a&in( it possible for the +S,/A Scheduler to onl! use the channelisation codes available after R:: usa(e. This $a! help 'ith do'nlin& channelisation code con(estion, but at the e6pense of reduced throu(hput for +S,/A users. It is still possible to reserve a li$ited set of codes for +S,/A. For $ore about do'nlin& channelisation code con(estion refer to section OAd$ission ControlA ,o'nlin& Channelisation Codes4. To solve do'nlin& channelisation code con(estion in the lon( ter$ the introduction of a second carrier fre uenc! on the site is re uired. T!picall! the ori(inal carrier is confi(ured to carr! the R:: traffic 'ith all +S,/A traffic bein( directed to'ards the ne'l! introduced second carrier. Consi$er!tions for ,SDPA% I)b "!n$&i$t*

-). =ith the hi(h throu(hputs that are achievable 'ith +S,/A, the capacit! of the Iub interface bet'een RBS and RNC beco$es an i$portant factor effectin( +S,/A perfor$ance and custo$er perception. The throu(hput on the radio interface $a! be $onitored as described in the Inte(rit! section O+S,/A ".AC; +S% Throu(hput4, ho'ever even if the radio interface provides (ood throu(hputs the application la!er $a! still e6perience sub;standard throu(hputs if the Iub interface is con(ested. T!picall! the R:: traffic is confi(ured to use AAB) HoS class A and B, 'hereas the +S,/A traffic uses AAB) HoS class CF i.e. across the Iub interface the R:: traffic has priorit! over the +S,/A traffic. As the R:: traffic on the site increases, so the Iub band'idth available for +S,/A decreases. The counter p$CapAlloclub+sBi$itin(Ratio "in 1*1C th percent% provides an indication of the percenta(e of ti$e for 'hich the Iub interface li$its the +S,/A throu(hput. =hen hi(h p$CapAlloclub+sBi$itin(Ratio is e6perienced in con>unction 'ith lost +S,/A data fra$es "+S,ATAFRA.3SB1STRATI1 for$ula% then the Iub capacit! is causin( serious perfor$ance de(radation. To alleviate the proble$ so$e traffic $a! be offloaded to GS. "see O1ffloadin( Traffic4 sections%, but ulti$atel! additional Iub band'idth is re uired unless an additional site, perhaps an inbuildin( site at a shoppin( centre, $a! be co$$issioned to carr! part of the load.

E#! pleA FACTS Reports sho'in( the i$prove$ent to p$CapAlloclub+sBi$itin(Ratio and the disappearance of lost +S data fra$es 'hen the Iub interface 'as up(raded fro$ one 31 to t'o 31s. In the second fi(ure, notice that there is no obvious i$prove$ent to the +S,/A Throu(hput as these counters $easure the throu(hput across the radio interface "at the .AC;+S la!er% 'hereas the Iub 'as con(ested.

Consi$er!tions for ,SDPA% T*ro)-*p)ts Above 3<=7bps .C!t >;45 UEs/ --. To support +S,/A throu(hputs above -.7.bps "'hich is possible fro$ the /# soft'are release throu(h support of $ore that five +S,/A codes per cell% it is li&el! that $an! cells 'ill re uired the introduction of a second carrier fre uenc! in order to prevent do'nlin& channelisation code con(estion. Also, the Iub band'idth 'ill need to be up(raded to $a&e such throu(hputs possible and the e6istin( ,B channel ele$ent capacit! "TXB*+S;TXB co$binations% 'ill need to be revie'ed in order to cater for $ore than five +S,/A codes per cell. Consi$er!tions for ,SDPA% C*!nnel Ele ent Us!-e -5. Another consideration 'ith the introduction of +S,/A is the channel ele$ent capacit! re uired in the RBS to support the +S do'nlin& channels and the A; ,C+ in the uplin&. Because +S,/A is broadband in the do'nlin& onl! the tendenc! is to provide sufficient channel ele$ent capacit! in the do'nlin& 'ithout properl! considerin( the uplin& channel ele$ent re uire$ents for the A;,C+. This is especiall! evident 'hen the optional EB-<5 RAB "SF 5% is used as this RAB re uires 17 channel ele$entsF as opposed to the standard EB75 RAB "SF 17% that re uires 5 channel ele$ents. The nu$ber of SF 5 radio lin&s allo'ed in a cell $a! be li$ited to reduce the channel ele$ent usa(e of this RAB, ho'ever too lo' values lead to poor pac&et interactive S1+1 perfor$anceA an EB-<5 user 'ho is in a S1+1 area, 'ith one cell that alread! has it4s $a6i$u$ allocation of SF 5 radio lin&s, 'ill continuousl! send 3vent 1a $essa(es re uestin( the addition of this cell to the active set, but this 'ill continuousl! fail resultin( in poor S1+1 statistics.

E#! pleA FACTS Reports sho'in( ho' the SF 5 EB setup failures "EBS3TE/FAIBER3SSF5% increased rapidl! after the introduction of +S,/A, and then disappeared 'hen the EB -<5 RAB "SF 5% 'as deactivated throu(hout $ost of the net'or& "b! chan(in( para$eter sf5Ad$El fro$ ) to C%. The i$prove$ent 'as a co$bination of the S1+1 proble$ described above and the fact that $an! RBSs did not have sufficient channel ele$ent capacit!. In the second plot notice ho' the /ac&et S1+1 Success Rate 'as declinin( and then i$proved after the deactivation of the EB-<5 RAB in )CC7 =ee& -8.

Offlo!$in- Tr!ffic% Directe$ Retr1 to GS7 -#. =hen a ETRAN cell is con(estin(, for 'hatever reason, one possibilit! to provide te$porar! "and often onl! partial% relief is to enable ,irected Retr! to GS. on that cell. In the /5 soft'are release this is the best optionF ho'ever for the /# soft'are release refer to the section ?1ffloadin( TrafficA Service Based +andover@ belo'. 1nl! speech calls $a! be re;directed to the GS. net'or& and onl! one directed retr! tar(et GS. cell $a! be specified "t!picall! the co;sited cell%. It is a blind redirection so it is i$portant that the tar(et GS. cell has the sa$e "or better% covera(e area as the ETRAN cell. It is also ver! i$portant to ensure that the GS. cell has the capacit! to handle the additional speech traffic. The redirection is tri((ered b! a trans$itted ,B po'er threshold 'hich is not ideal for situations 'here ,B po'er is not the cause of con(estionF ho'ever a suitable ,B po'er threshold $a! be established for other for$s of cell con(estion. E#! pleA T'o slides sho'in( an e6a$ple calculation to esti$ate the po'er threshold to use i.e. the settin( for para$eter loadSharin(Gs$Threshold.

E#! pleA FACTS Reports sho'in( ho' the nu$ber of directed retries to GS. increased as the threshold specified b! loadSharin(Gs$Threshold 'as chan(ed to 1#D, 15D, 1-D and finall! &ept on 1)D "1st plot%F the correspondin( i$prove$ent to CSSR Speech and the decline in p$NoRe ,eniedAd$ "Ad$ission Control 'as re>ectin( due to a lac& of ,B channelisation codes% ") nd plot%F the correspondin( i$prove$ent to CSSR +S "-rd /lot%.

Offlo!$in- Tr!ffic% Service "!se$ ,!n$over .P?@/ -7. =ith the introduction of the /# soft'are release co$es an optional feature called Service Based +andover. Si$ilar to the ,irected Retr! to GS. feature, Service Based +andover allo's Speech calls to be redirected to GS., but unli&e ,irected Retr! it is not a blind handover at Call Setup 'ith onl! one GS. tar(et cell per ETRAN cell. Instead, the speech call is established in the -G cell and the RNC then instructs the E3 to enter co$pressed $ode and to start $easurin( the GS. nei(hbours defined. An IRAT +1 to the best GS. cell candidate that fulfils the GS. threshold criteria "(s$Thresh-a% is then perfor$ed "unless a ti$er ti$es out%. This feature can also be activated per subscriber via a service indicator.

DE'INITIONS
&$6C: &&(1 &S) &!2 B()R C&C C) CN &ssociated 6C: &!2 &daptation (ayer type 1 &ir Speech );ui alent &synchronous !ransfer 2ode Block )rror Rate Call &dmission Control Channel )lement Core Network

CSSR 6C: 6CR 6/C: 6( G/): :S$6SC: :S$/6SC: :S$SCC: :S6/& I9:< IR&! Iu Iu" Iur 2C/& 2G5 2u" >oS R&B R&N&G R&XB RBS R( R(S RNC RRC R7 RXI SC S9 S<:< SRNC !XB 7eRc 7(

Call Setup Success Rate 6edicated Channel *!ransport Channel+ 6rop Call Rate 6edicated /hysical Channel */hysical Channel+ 6ownlink General /erformance ) ent :andler :i%h$Speed 6ownlink Shared Channel *!ransport Channel+ :i%h$Speed /hysical 6ownlink Shared Channel */hysical Channel+ :i%h$Speed Shared Control Channel */hysical Channel+ :i%h$Speed 6ownlink /acket &ccess Inter$9re;uency :ando er Inter$Radio &ccess !echnolo%y Interface "etween an RNC and a CN Interface "etween an RNC and an RBS Interface "etween two RNCs 2ulti$Channel /ower &mplifier *"oard in RBS 31.1+ 2edia Gateway 2ana%ement *<=2+ Interface towards RBS from <SS$RC >uality of Ser ice Radio &ccess Bearer Radio &ccess Network &%%re%ator Random &ccess and Recei er Board Radio Base Station Radio (ink Radio (ink Set Radio Network Controller Radio Resource Control Radio 7nit *"oard in RBS 31.4+ /roduct instance of R&N&G Scram"lin% Code Spreadin% 9actor Soft*er+ :ando er Ser in%$RNC !ransmitter Board 7) Radio Connection Confi%uration 7plink