BE GOING TO:

El verbo "to be going to" equivale a "ir a hacer algo". Su estructura en la oracin es: To be + going + to + Verbo (en infinitivo) She is going to do the shopping. Ella va a hacer las compras.
es una forma de futuro " going to" significa "ir a" por ejemplo , yo voy a comer, I am going to (voy a) eat (comer) la estructura de going to es sujeto + verbo to be+ going to + complemento el verbo en to be tienes que ponerlo por obligacion, pero no tiene significado por ejemplo She is going to sleep diria algo como: ella esta va a dormir, lo cual no tiene sentido la traduccion correcta es " ella va a dormir, como ves el verbo to be lo pones pero no tiene significado, entonces por que lo pones?, pues para hacer los tiempos , ejemplo: he is going to play el va a jugar negativo he isn't going to play el no va a jugar el "pasado futuro" osea el verbo going to en pasado por ejemplo el hiba a jugar he was going to play, el verbo to be va en pasado como ves , el verbo to be se escribe por que le da el sentido o el tiempo a la oracion es muy facil, no cambia con ningun pronombre, con todos es going to, lo unicvo que cambia pues es el verbo to be correspondiente a cada pronombre lo cual ya debes saber una abreviacion de going to es "gonna", significa lo mismo que going to, solo es una forma mas facil o abreviada ejemplo she is going to watch tv ella va a ver television she is gonna watch tv ella va a ver television

El verbo que se conjuga es "to be" y tiene que concordar en tiempo y persona con el sujeto. Usos de "to be going to" 1. Se usa el futuro con "be going to" para expresar acciones futuras ya planeadas (pero que no forman parte de un programa establecido). I am going to buy a new house. Voy a comprarme una casa nueva (tengo la intencin de hacerlo). The movie will start at 10 o'clock. La peli empezar a las 10 (est programado). 2. Con "be going to" se indica sobre todo la intencin de hacer algo en un futuro cercano o el convencimiento de que algo va a pasar. Its going to be a great day. Va a ser un da genial (tengo la certeza). Afirmativo Forma larga I am going to do You are going to do He is going to do Forma corta I'm going to do You're going to do He's going to do

She is going to do It is going to do We are going to do You are going to do They are going to do

She's going to do It's going to do We're going to do You're going to do They're going to do

La traduccin al espaol sera: "Yo voy a hacer", "t vas a hacer", "l va a hacer"... Negativo Sujeto + presente de "to be" + not + going + to v. en infinitivo + ... Forma larga I am not going to do You are not going to do He is not going to do She is not going to do It is not going to do We are not going to do You are not going to do They are not going to do Forma corta I'm not going to do You're not going to do He's not going to do She's not going to do It's not going to do We're not going to do You're not going to do They're not going to do You aren't going to do He isn't going to do She isn't going to do It isn't going to do We aren't going to do You aren't going to do They aren't going to do

Interrogativo Afirmativo Presente del verbo "to be" + sujeto + going to + verbo en infinitivo + .... ? Negativo Forma larga Forma corta Ejemplo: Afirmativo Am I going to do? Are you going to do? Is he going to do? Is she going to do? Is it going to do? Are we going to do? Are you going to do? Negativo Am I not going to do? Are you not going to do? Is he not going to do? Is she not going to do? Is it not going to do? Are we not going to do? Are you not going to do? Aren't you going to do? Isn't he going to do? Isn't she going to do? Isn't it going to do? Aren't we going to do? Aren't you going to do? Presente del verbo "to be" + sujeto + not + going +to + verbo en infinitivo +... ? Presente del verbo "to be" en negativo forma corta + sujeto + going + to + verbo en infinitivo +... ?

Are they going to do?

Are they not going to do?

Aren't they going to do?

Existe una diferencia entre estas dos formas de expresar el futuro. Generalmente "to be + going to" se usa para acciones que van a suceder muy pronto o para expresar un plan que se tiene. "Will" se usa para expresar una promesa, una prediccin o algo que se quiere hacer en el futuro. "Going to": El tiempo futuro con "going to" se usa ms comnmente en el lenguaje hablado cuando se quiere hacer referencia al futuro inmediato, es decir, a algo que est por ocurrir. Ejemplos: She is going to pay with a credit card = Ella va a pagar con una tarjeta de crdito (algo que est por ocurrir). I am going to drop off my prescription over there = voy a dejar mi prescripcin mdica all. Tambin se emplea para hablar de intenciones o planes para hacer algo: Ejemplo: Im going to learn English = voy a aprender ingls. Se forma con el verbo"to be" conjugado para la persona correspondiente, seguido de "going to" y el verbo base. "To be" + "going to" + verbo: I am going to pay = yo voy a pagar. You are going to pay = t vas a pagar. He is going to pay = l va a pagar. She is going to pay = ella va a pagar. It is going to pay = eso va a pagar. We are going to pay = nosotros vamos a pagar. You are going to pay = ustedes van a pagar. They are going to pay = ellos/ellas van a pagar. Structure for : verb to be Am I Is she Are they Interrogative sentences: Subject going to going to going to auxiliary verb meet Pamela the party? the cinema A) Yes /No questions

verb tonight? Voy a encontrarme con Pamela esta noche? Va a venir a la fiesta? this Saturday? Van a ir al cine esta noche?

You have already study these yes no answers...Have you? More reasons for you to practice!!!!
Yes, no answers (positive) Yes, Yes, Yes, Yes, Yes, Yes, Yes, I you he she it we they am are is is is are are yes, no aswers (negative) No, No, No, No, No, No, No, I am not is not

are not

Interrogative sentences: Wh questions Typical wh questions using going to:

Wh word + verb to be What am I What are you What is he What are we

+subject going to going to going to going to

auxiliary verb verb go? Que voy a hacer? do first? Que es lo primero que vas a hacer? do tomorrow? Que va a hacer maana? eat tonight? Que vamos a comer esta noche?

Preguntas en ingls usando "be going to" Are you going to cook now? / Were you going to call me yesterday? Am / Are / Is (I, you, he...) going to ... ? Who is going to come today? Quin va a venir hoy? Are you going to buy a new car? Vas comprar un nuevo auto? Are they going to help you? Ellos te van a ayudar? What are we going to bring? Qu vamos a traer? Am I going to need some stitches on the injury? Voy a necesitar algunos puntos en la herida? Aren't Mary and Tony going to join the basketball team? Mary y Tony no se van a unir al equipo de bsquet? How are we going to make a cake if we do not have flavor? Cmo vamos a hacer una torta si no tenemos harina? Were / Was (I, you, he,...) going to ... ?

Was Jack going to say goodbye to Amy? Jack se iba a despedir de Amy? What were you going to say when I interrupted you? Qu ibas a decir cuando te interrump? Weren't you going to choose the red team? No ibas a elegir el equipo rojo? Where were they going to go on Saturday? Adnde iban a ir el sbado? Was Mary going to come to the party? Mary iba a venir a la fiesta? Were you going to play golf with them? Ibas a jugar golf con ellos? What were you going to do if you failed? Qu ibas a hacer si fallabas?

MIGHT
Might es el pasado de may , y nos permite expresar:

* la incertidumbre, la posibilidad o la probabilidad (tiene un significado similar a may , pero da una nocin mayor de incertidumbre): The kids might be hungry. Los nios pueden tener hambre. I thought you might like to have a cup of tea. Yo pens que usted podra tener ganas de una tasa de t. * la permisin (para dar/pedir permiso) en un estilo muy corts: Might I ask you a question sir? Seor, podra hacerle una pregunta? * una sugerencia con un estilo corts: You might call him tomorrow. Usted podra llamarlo maana.

Comparative and superlative

Case 1-syllable adjectives ending in "e" Adjective close huge large strange wise big fat red sad thin dry spry wry fast great quick short tall fickle handsome polite bumpy heavy icy shiny tiny able gentle hollow narrow shallow simple Comparative Form closer huger larger stranger wiser bigger fatter redder sadder thinner drier sprier/spryer wrier/wryer faster greater quicker shorter taller fickler handsomer politer bumpier heavier icier shinier tinier abler gentler hollower narrower shallower simpler Superlative Form closest hugest larger strangest wisest biggest fattest reddest saddest thinnest driest spriest/spryest wriest/wryest fastest greatest quickest shortest tallest ficklest handsomest politest bumpiest heaviest iciest shiniest tiniest ablest gentlest hollowest narrowest shallowest simplest

1-syllable adjectives ending in a consonant with a single vowel preceding it 1-syllable adjectives ending in "y" 1-syllable adjectives, other cases

2-syllable adjectives ending in "e" 2-syllable adjectives ending in "y"

2-syllable adjectives ending in "le", or "ow"

2 or more syllable adjectives, other cases

Irregular and confusing adjectives

beautiful colorful complete delicious generous important bad far (place) far (place or time) good late (time) late (order) little (size) little (amount) many/much/some old (people or things) old (people)

more beautiful more colorful more complete more delicious more generous more important worse farther further better later latter littler less more older elder

most beautiful most colorful most complete most delicious most generous most important worst farthest furthest best latest last littlest least most oldest eldest

Present perfect
The important thing to remember with the Present Perfect is that we use it when there is a connection between the past and the present. |_________||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||______________________| Past Present Future So we must use the present perfect for an experience in your life because your life started in the past and is continuing: |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||______________________| you were born Present Future So every experience in our life we talk about and don't specify exactly when it happened, we have to use the present perfect: I have eaten Indian food. I have seen Bob Dylan in concert. Note that if we say when it happens we have to use the past simple: I ate Indian food last night. I saw Bob Dylan in concert in 1992. Look at the construction of the present perfect: Subject to have past participle I She They have has haven't seen been visited "Dances with Wolves". to California. Pisa.

The verb to have is an auxiliary verb so we can use the contracted form, particularily in conversation: I've played ice hockey. He's driven a Ferrari. They've been to Brazil. To make a question we follow the same pattern as for every tense: Question word Auxiliary Subject Verb

Have Have How many times has

you you she

(ever) been (ever) played seen

to Italy? cricket? Titantic?

We use ever to underline the fact that we are talking about some point in your life. We could omit it but it is more common to use it, although only in the question.

S + have / has + past participle + C

He/she/it - has I/we/you/they - have ---- (HAVE , HAS >>>> AUXILIARIES) I have been to many countries. Carla has worked for five different companies. They have studied English and French Some past participle forms (irregular verbs) be-- --was/were---- been see ----- saw ------ seen buy-----bought----bought go------went --------gone eat-------ate--------eaten write---wrote ------written leave----left---------left put ------put--------put Note: The past participle form of the regular verbs is the same that in the past Walk - walked - walked talk- talked- talked study - studied - studied REVIEW: If you do not know what are regular and irregular verbs then click here to review the past simple tense (regular ans irregular verbs) Negative form

S + haven't/ hasn't + past participle + C

I haven't been to Mexico Jorge hasn't eaten Peruvian ceviche. They haven't traveled by plane. Question Form:

QW + have / has + past participle +S + C

Have you ever been to Cusco? Where have they studied English? Has Anna ever danced regeaton? USE: We use present perfect to express and talk about experiences. By this we mean that we do care or want to say when something happened. I have studied English >>> We do not say when, we just want to express that we have studied English some time in our life.

Ever: We use ever in questions to emphasis on experiences. Have you ever been to Brazil? = Have you been to Brazil? (We put ever just to emphasis. It is not necessary but very common). We use PAST SIMPLE if we say when we did something. I went to Brazil in 1989. ERROR : I have been to Brazil in 1989 >>> We CANNOT use Present Perfect when we focus on a definite point in the past. Remember: If we focus on a definite point in the past we USE PAST SIMPLE. If we want to express experience we use PRESENT PERFECT.

Simple Past
FORM [VERB+ed] or irregular verbs Examples: You called Debbie. Did you call Debbie? You did not call Debbie. Complete List of Simple Past Forms USE 1 Completed Action in the Past Use the Simple Past to express the idea that an action started and finished at a specific time in the past. Sometimes, the speaker may not actually mention the specific time, but they do have one specific time in mind. Examples: I saw a movie yesterday. I didn't see a play yesterday. Last year, I traveled to Japan. Last year, I didn't travel to Korea. Did you have dinner last night? She washed her car. He didn't wash his car. USE 2 A Series of Completed Actions We use the Simple Past to list a series of completed actions in the past. These actions happen 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and so on. Examples: I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim. He arrived from the airport at 8:00, checked into the hotel at 9:00, and met the others at 10:00. Did you add flour, pour in the milk, and then add the eggs? USE 3 Duration in Past The Simple Past can be used with a duration which starts and stops in the past. A duration is a longer action often indicated by expressions such as: for two years, for five minutes, all day, all year, etc. Examples: I lived in Brazil for two years. Shauna studied Japanese for five years. They sat at the beach all day. They did not stay at the party the entire time. We talked on the phone for thirty minutes. A: How long did you wait for them? B: We waited for one hour. USE 4 Habits in the Past The Simple Past can also be used to describe a habit which stopped in the past. It can have the same meaning as "used to." To make it clear that we are talking about a habit, we often add expressions such as: always, often, usually, never, when I was a child, when I was younger, etc. Examples: I studied French when I was a child. He played the violin. He didn't play the piano. Did you play a musical instrument when you were a kid?

 She worked at the movie theater after school. They never went to school, they always skipped class. USE 5 Past Facts or Generalizations The Simple Past can also be used to describe past facts or generalizations which are no longer true. As in USE 4 above, this use of the Simple Past is quite similar to the expression "used to." Examples: She was shy as a child, but now she is very outgoing. He didn't like tomatoes before. Did you live in Texas when you were a kid? People paid much more to make cell phone calls in the past. IMPORTANT When-Clauses Happen First Clauses are groups of words which have meaning but are often not complete sentences. Some clauses begin with the word "when" such as "when I dropped my pen..." or "when class began..." These clauses are called when-clauses, and they are very important. The examples below contain when-clauses. Examples: When I paid her one dollar, she answered my question. She answered my question when I paid her one dollar. When-clauses are important because they always happen first when both clauses are in the Simple Past. Both of the examples above mean the same thing: first, I paid her one dollar, and then, she answered my question. It is not important whether "when I paid her one dollar" is at the beginning of the sentence or at the end of the sentence. However, the example below has a different meaning. First, she answered my question, and then, I paid her one dollar. Example: I paid her one dollar when she answered my question. ADVERB PLACEMENT The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc. Examples: You just called Debbie. Did you just call Debbie? ACTIVE / PASSIVE Examples: Tom repaired the car. Active The car was repaired by Tom. Passive

Subject and Object Questions

Most questions are object questions. In other words, they ask about an object. Example:Where do you live?. However, there are also subject questions. Questions we ask to find out about the subject. These questions are asked using 'who', 'what' and 'which'. Example: Who plays football in this class?. take a look at the following chart of question forms:

OBJECT QUESTIONS (preguntas objeto): Son las preguntas que hacemos para saber sobre QUIN o QU recae la accin que realiza el sujeto. Tienen la siguiente estructura: [Pronombre interrogativo + Auxiliar + Sujeto + Verbo + ?] Ejemplos de este tipo de preguntas son: "Who did you tell?" (A quin se lo dijiste?) En espaol se reconocen por comenzar por "A quin". "What does she usually read?" (Qu lee ella?) "Who does she know?" (A quin conoce ella?) Las oraciones con dos objetos admiten dos OBJECT QUESTIONS diferentes: "She gave the money to Michael." Question 1: "What did she give to Michael?" Answer 1: "The money." Question 2: "Who did she give the money to?" Answer 2:"To Michael." SUBJECT QUESTIONS (preguntas sujeto): Son las preguntas que hacemos cuando queremos saber QUIN o QU realiza la accin. Tienen una estructura diferente a las object questions:

[Pronombre interrogativo + Verbo + Objeto + ?] Por ejemplo: "Who told you?" (Quin te lo dijo?) "Who lives her?" (Quin vive aqu?)

Frequency adverbs
We use some adverbs to describe how frequently we do an activity. These are called adverbs of frequency and include: Frequency Adverb of Frequency Example Sentence 100% always I always go to bed before 11pm. 90% usually I usually have cereal for breakfast. 80% normally / generally I normally go to the gym. 70% often* / frequently I often surf the internet. 50% sometimes I sometimes forget my wife's birthday. 30% occasionally I occasionally eat junk food. 10% seldom I seldom read the newspaper. 5% hardly ever / rarely I hardly ever drink alcohol. 0% never I never swim in the sea. * Some people pronounce the 'T' in often but many others do not.

The Position of the Adverb in a Sentence An adverb of frequency goes before a main verb (except with To Be). Subject + adverb + main verb I always remember to do my homework. He normally gets good marks in exams.

An adverb of frequency goes after the verb To Be. Subject + to be + adverb They are never pleased to see me. She isn't usually bad tempered.

When we use an auxiliary verb (have, will, must, might, could, would, can, etc.), the adverb is placed between the auxiliary and the main verb. This is also true for to be. Subject + auxiliary + adverb + main verb She can sometimes beat me in a race. I would hardly ever be unkind to someone. They might never see each other again. They could occasionally be heard laughing.

We can also use the following adverbs at the start of a sentence: Usually, normally, often, frequently, sometimes, occasionally Occasionally, I like to eat Thai food. BUT we cannot use the following at the beginning of a sentence: Always, seldom, rarely, hardly, ever, never.

We use hardly ever and never with positive, not negative verbs: She hardly ever comes to my parties. They never say 'thank you'.

We use ever in questions and negative statements: Have you ever been to New Zealand? I haven't ever been to Switzerland. (The same as 'I have never been Switzerland'). We can also use the following expressions when we want to be more specific about the frequency: - every day - once a month - twice a year - four times a day - every other week Expresiones de frecuencia every hour cada hora todas las horas morning todas las maanas afternoon todas las tardes evening todas las noches day todos los das Sunday todos los domingos week todas las semanas month todos los meses year todos los aos Ejemplos I go to the gym every day Voy al gimnasio todos los das She travels to England every year Viaja a Inglaterra todos los aos We study every evening Estudiamos todas las noches Otras expresiones once una vez twice dos veces three times tres veces thrice tres veces(ingls arcaico y literario) from time to time de vez en cuando every now and then cada dos por tres every now and again once an hour una vez a la hora twice dos veces al da a day three times a week tres veces a la semana a month al mes a year al ao Ejemplos I eat three times a day Como tres veces al da She visits her family from time to time Visita su familia de vez en cuando The children fall down every now and then Los nios se caen cada dos por tres