1

The Mayor of Casterbridge THOMAS HARDY Context THOMAS HARDY WAS BORN on June 2, 1840, in Higher Bockha !"on in Dor#e", a rura$ region o% #ou"h&e#"ern 'ng$an( "ha" &a# "o )eco e "he %ocu# o% hi# %ic"ion* The chi$( o% a )ui$(er, Har(+ &a# a!!ren"ice( a" "he age o% #i,"een "o John Hick#, an archi"ec" &ho $i-e( in "he ci"+ o% Dorche#"er* The $oca"ion &ou$( $a"er #er-e a# "he o(e$ %or Har(+.# %ic"iona$ /a#"er)ri(ge* A$"hough Har(+ ga-e #eriou# "hough" "o a""en(ing uni-er#i"+ an( en"ering "he church, a #"rugg$e he &ou$( (ra a"i0e in hi# 1812 no-e$ Jude the Obscure, hi# (ec$ining re$igiou# %ai"h an( $ack o% one+ encourage( hi "o !ur#ue a career in &ri"ing in#"ea(* Har(+ #!en" near$+ a (o0en +ear# "oi$ing in o)#curi"+ an( !ro(ucing un#ucce##%u$ no-e$# an( !oe"r+* Far from the Madding Crowd, !u)$i#he( in 1834, &a# hi# %ir#" cri"ica$ an( %inancia$ #ucce##* 4ina$$+ a)$e "o #u!!or" hi #e$% a# a &ri"er, Har(+ arrie( ' a 5a-inia 6i%%or( $a"er "ha" +ear* A$"hough he )ui$" a re!u"a"ion a# a #ucce##%u$ no-e$i#", Har(+ con#i(ere( hi #e$%7%ir#" an( %ore o#"7a !oe"* To hi , no-e$# &ere !ri ari$+ a ean# o% earning a $i-ing* 5ike an+ no-e$i#"# o% hi# (a+, he &ro"e accor(ing "o "he con-en"ion# o% #eria$i0a"ion 8"he !roce## o% !u)$i#hing a &ork in !erio(ic in#"a$$ en"#9* To in#ure "ha" rea(er# &ou$( )u+ a #eria$i0e( no-e$, &ri"er# o%"en $e%" !re##ing :ue#"ion# unan#&ere( a" "he en( o% each in#"a$$ en"* Thi# !rac"ice e,!$ain# "he con-o$u"e(, o%"en incre(i)$e !$o"# o% an+ nine"een"h;cen"ur+ <ic"orian no-e$#* Bu" Har(+ canno" )e $a)e$e( #o$e$+ a <ic"orian no-e$i#"* Nor can he )e ca"egori0e( a# !ure$+ a o(erni#", in "he "ra(i"ion o% &ri"er# $ike <irginia Woo$% or D* H* 5a&rence &ho &ere (e"er ine( "o e,!$o(e "he con-en"ion# o% nine"een"h;cen"ur+ $i"era"ure an( )ui$( a ne& kin( o% no-e$ in i"# !$ace* =n an+ re#!ec"#, Har(+ &a# "ra!!e( )e"&een "he nine"een"h an( "&en"ie"h cen"urie#, )e"&een <ic"orian an( o(ern #en#i)i$i"ie#, an( )e"&een "ra(i"ion an( inno-a"ion* The Mayor of Casterbridge re-ea$# Har(+.# !ecu$iar $oca"ion in "hi# #hi%"ing &or$(, !o##e##ing e$e en"# o% )o"h "he <ic"orian an( o(erni#" %or #* =" char"# "he cour#e o% one an.# charac"er, )u" i" a$#o chronic$e# "he (ra a"ic change o% an i#o$a"e(, rura$ agricu$"ura$ co uni"+ in"o a o(ern ci"+* =n The Mayor of Casterbridge, a# &e$$ a# in hi# o#" !o!u$ar %ic"ion#, #uch a# Tess of the D'Urbervilles an( Jude the Obscure, Har(+ e,!$ore# "he e%%ec"# o% cu$"ura$ an( econo ic (e-e$o! en"> "he (ec$ine o% /hri#"iani"+ a# &e$$ a# %o$k "ra(i"ion#, "he ri#e o% in(u#"ria$i0a"ion an( ur)ani0a"ion, an( "he unra-e$ing o% uni-er#a$$+ he$( ora$ co(e#* Har(+ hi #e$% a)an(one( /hri#"iani"+* He rea( "he &ri"ing# o% /har$e# Dar&in, acce!"e( "he "heor+ o% e-o$u"ion, an( #"u(ie( "he 6er an !hi$o#o!her Ar"hur Scho!enhauer* Scho!enhauer.# no"ion o% "he ?= anen" Wi$$@ (e#cri)e# a )$in( %orce "ha" (ri-e# "he uni-er#e irre#!ec"i-e o% hu an $i-e# or (e#ire#* Though hi# no-e$# o%"en en( in cru#hing "rage(ie# "ha" re%$ec" Scho!enhauer.# !hi$o#o!h+, Har(+ (e#cri)e( hi #e$% a# a meliorist, one &ho )e$ie-e# "ha" "he &or$( "en(# "o )eco e )e""er an( "ha" !eo!$e ai( in "hi# )e""er en"* Hu an# can $i-e &i"h #o e ha!!ine##, he c$ai e(, #o $ong a# "he+ un(er#"an( "heir !$ace in "he uni-er#e an( acce!" i"* Har(+ (ie( in 1128 a" hi# e#"a"e in Dorche#"er* True "o "he ra"her (ra a"ica$$+ ro an"ic %an"a#ie# o% hi# %ic"ion, Har(+ ha( hi# hear" )urie( in hi# &i%e.# "o )* Plot Overview M=/HA'5 H'N/HARD =S TRA<'5=N6 &i"h hi# &i%e, Su#an, $ooking %or e !$o+ en" a# a ha+;"ru##er* When "he+ #"o! "o ea", Henchar( ge"# (runk, an( in an auc"ion "ha" )egin# a# a Aoke )u" "urn# #eriou#, he #e$$# hi# &i%e an( "heir )a)+ (augh"er, ;'$i0a)e"h;Jane, "o Ne&#on, a #ai$or, %or %i-e guinea#* =n "he orning, Henchar( regre"# &ha" he ha# (one an( #earche# "he "o&n %or hi# &i%e an( (augh"er* Bna)$e "o %in( "he , he goe# in"o a church an( #&ear# an oa"h "ha" he &i$$ no" (rink a$coho$ %or "&en"+;one +ear#, "he #a e nu )er o% +ear# he ha# )een a$i-e* A%"er "he #ai$or.# (ea"h, eigh"een +ear# $a"er, Su#an an( '$i0a)e"h;Jane #eek Henchar(C '$i0a)e"h;Jane )e$ie-e# he i# ere$+ a $ong;$o#" re$a"i-e* The+ arri-e in /a#"er)ri(ge an( $earn "ha" Henchar( i# "he a+or* The !aren"# ee" an( (eci(e "ha" in or(er "o !re-en" ;'$i0a)e"h;Jane %ro $earning o% "heir (i#grace, Henchar( &i$$ cour" an( re arr+ Su#an a# "hough "he+ ha( e" on$+ recen"$+* Mean&hi$e, Henchar( ha# hire( Dona$( 4ar%rae, a +oung Sco"ch an, a# "he ne& anager o% hi# corn )u#ine##* '$i0a)e"h;Jane i# in"rigue( )+ 4ar%rae, an( "he "&o )egin "o #!en( "i e "oge"her* Henchar( )eco e# a$iena"e( %ro 4ar%rae, ho&e-er, a# "he +ounger an con#i#"en"$+ ou"(oe# Henchar( in e-er+ re#!ec"* He a#k# 4ar%rae "o $ea-e hi# )u#ine## an( "o #"o! cour"ing '$i0a)e"h;Jane* Su#an %a$$# i$$ an( (ie# #oon a%"er her re arriage "o Henchar(* A%"er (i#co-ering "ha" '$i0a)e"h;Jane i# no" hi# o&n (augh"er, )u" Ne&#on.#, Henchar( )eco e# increa#ing$+ co$( "o&ar( her* ;'$i0a)e"h;Jane "hen (eci(e# "o $ea-e Henchar(.# hou#e an( $i-e &i"h a $a(+ &ho ha# Au#" arri-e( in "o&n* Thi# $a(+ "urn# ou" "o )e 5uce""a Te !$e an, a &o an &i"h &ho Henchar( &a# in-o$-e( (uring Su#an.# a)#enceC ha-ing $earne( o% Su#an.# (ea"h, 5uce""a ha# co e "o /a#"er)ri(ge "o arr+ Henchar(* Whi$e 5uce""a i# &ai"ing %or Henchar( "o ca$$ on her, #he ee"# 4ar%rae, &ho ha# co e "o ca$$ on '$i0a)e"h;Jane* The "&o hi" i" o%% an( are e-en"ua$$+ arrie(* 5uce""a a#k# Henchar( "o re"urn "o her a$$ "he $e""er# #he ha# #en" hi * On hi# &a+ "o (e$i-er "he $e""er#, "he e##enger, Jo!!, #"o!# a" an inn* The !ea#an"# "here con-ince hi "o o!en an( rea( "he $e""er# a$ou(* Di#co-ering "ha" 5uce""a an( Henchar( ha-e )een ro an"ica$$+ in-o$-e(, "he !ea#an"# (eci(e "o ho$( a ?#ki i"+;ri(e,@ a hu i$ia"ing !ara(e !or"ra+ing 5uce""a an( Henchar( "oge"her* The e-en" "ake# !$ace one a%"ernoon &hen 4ar%rae i# a&a+* 5uce""a %ain"# u!on #eeing "he #!ec"ac$e an( )eco e# -er+ i$$* Shor"$+ a%"er&ar(, #he (ie#* Whi$e Henchar( ha# gro&n "o ha"e 4ar%rae, he ha# gro&n c$o#er "o '$i0a)e"h;Jane* The orning a%"er 5uce""a.# (ea"h, Ne&#on, &ho i# ac"ua$$+ #"i$$ a$i-e, arri-e# a" Henchar(.# (oor an( a#k# %or ;'$i0a)e"h;Jane* Henchar( "e$$# hi "ha" #he i# (ea(, an( Ne&#on $ea-e# in #orro&* '$i0a)e"h; Jane #"a+# &i"h Henchar( an( a$#o )egin# "o #!en( ore "i e &i"h 4ar%rae* One (a+, Henchar( $earn# "ha" Ne&#on ha# re"urne( "o "o&n, an( he (eci(e# "o $ea-e ra"her "han ri#k ano"her con%ron"a"ion* '$i0a)e"h;Jane i# reuni"e( &i"h Ne&#on an( $earn# o% Henchar(.# (ecei"C Ne&#on an( 4ar%rae #"ar" !$anning "he &e((ing )e"&een '$i0a)e"h;Jane an( "he Sco"ch an* Henchar( co e# )ack "o /a#"er)ri(ge on "he nigh" o% "he &e((ing "o #ee '$i0a)e"h;Jane, )u" #he #nu)# hi * He $ea-e# again, "e$$ing her "ha" he &i$$ no" re"urn* She #oon regre"# her co$(ne##, an( #he an( 4ar%rae, her ne& hu#)an(, go $ooking %or Henchar( #o "ha" #he can ake her !eace* Bn%or"una"e$+, "he+ %in( hi "oo $a"e, (i#co-ering "ha" he ha# (ie( a$one in "he coun"r+#i(e* He ha# $e%" a &i$$> hi# (+ing &i#h i# "o )e %orgo""en* Character List

2
Michael Henchard ; A# "he no-e$.# !ro"agoni#", Henchar( i# "he ?Man o% /harac"er@ "o &ho "he #u)"i"$e o% The Mayor of Casterbridge a$$u(e#* When "he no-e$ o!en#, Henchar( i# a (i#con#o$a"e "&en"+;one;+ear;o$( ha+;"ru##er &ho, in a (runken rage, #e$$# hi# &i%e an( (augh"er a" a coun"+ %air* 'igh"een +ear# $a"er, Henchar( ha# ri#en "o )eco e "he a+or an( "he o#" acco !$i#he( corn erchan" in "he "o&n o% /a#"er)ri(ge* A$"hough he "rie# "o a"one %or hi# +ou"h%u$ cri e#, he %ocu#e# "oo uch on hi# !a#" i#(ee(# an( en"er# a (o&n&ar( "raAec"or+ "ha" e )roi$# hi in a %ierce co !e"i"ion &i"h a !o!u$ar Sco"ch an na e( Dona$( 4ar%rae*
Michael Henchard (In-Depth Analysis)

Elizabeth-Jane ewson ; The (augh"er o% Su#an an( Ne&#on* '$i0a)e"h;Jane )ear# "he #a e na e a# "he chi$( )orn "o Su#an an( Henchar(, &ho ac"ua$$+ (ie# #hor"$+ a%"er Henchar( #e$$# Su#an an( hi# (augh"er* O-er "he cour#e o% "he no-e$, "he in(e!en(en" an( #e$%;!o##e##e( '$i0a)e"h;Jane "ran#%or # her#e$% %ro an unre%ine( coun"r+ gir$ in"o a cu$"ure( +oung $a(+* Though #he e,!erience# uch har(#hi! o-er "he cour#e o% "he no-e$, #he ain"ain# an e-en "e !era en" "hroughou"*
Elizabeth-Jane Newson (In-Depth Analysis)

!onald "arfrae ; The Sco"ch an &ho arri-e# in /a#"er)ri(ge a" "he #a e "i e a# Su#an Henchar( an( '$i0a)e"h;Jane* 4ar%rae.# )u#ine## e%%icienc+, goo( hu or, an( !o$i#h ake hi e,"re e$+ !o!u$ar a ong "he "o&n.# ci"i0en#* The#e #a e :ua$i"ie#, ho&e-er, e-en"ua$$+ ake hi Henchar(.# ri-a$* De#!i"e "hi# "en#ion in "heir %rien(#hi!, 4ar%rae re ain# %air; in(e(, !a"ien", an( e-en kin( in hi# (ea$ing# &i"h "he ruine( Henchar(*
Donald Farfrae (In-Depth Analysis)

L#cetta Te$%le$an ; A &o an &ho Henchar( ee"#, cour"#, an( !ro!o#e# "o arr+* 5uce""a )uck# con-en"ion, choo#ing "o $o-e &ho !$ea#e# &hen #he !$ea#e#* 5ike Henchar(, #he i# gui(e( )+ her e o"ion#, an( her reac"ion# are "hu# no" a$&a+# ra"iona$*
!cetta "e#ple#an (In-Depth Analysis)

#he

&#san Henchard ; A eek, una##u ing &o an arrie( "o Michae$ Henchar( &hen "he no-e$ o!en#* O-er$+ concerne( &i"h !ro!rie"+, Su#an a""e !"# "o kee! #ecre"# a)ou" Henchar(.# an( '$i0a)e"h;Jane.# i(en"i"ie# in or(er "o gi-e "he a!!earance o% !er%ec" %a i$+ har on+* ewson ; The #ai$or &ho )u+# Su#an an( '$i0a)e"h;Jane %ro Henchar(* Ne&#on i# a)#en" %or con"ri)u"e# "o "he %ee$ing "ha" Henchar( i# )e#iege( )+ %a"e* Josh#a Jo%% ; The an Henchar( in"en(# "o hire a# hi# a##i#"an" )e%ore ee"ing 4ar%rae* o#" o% "he no-e$C hi# e-en"ua$ rea!!earance

'bel (hittle ; One o% "he &orker# in Henchar(.# ha+;+ar(* Whi""$e i# a$#o "he #ource o% "he %ir#" (i#agree en" )e"&een Henchar( an( 4ar%rae, a# 4ar%rae "hink# "ha" Henchar( i# "oo rough &i"h Whi""$e &hen he i# con#"an"$+ $a"e %or &ork* )en*a$in +rower ; One o% Henchar(.# cre(i"or#* Christo%her Coney ; A !ea#an" in /a#"er)ri(ge* /one+ re!re#en"# "he )$eak rea$i"+ o% !ea#an" $i%e* ance Moc,ridge ; A !ea#an" &ho i# in#"ru en"a$ in !$anning "he #ki Mother C#xso$ ; A !ea#an" in /a#"er)ri(ge* &olo$on Longways ; A !ea#an" in /a#"er)ri(ge* Michael Henchard A" "he en( o% The Mayor of Casterbridge, "he ruine( Michae$ Henchar( &i$$# "ha" no one re e )er hi# na e a%"er hi# (ea"h* Thi# re:ue#" i# !ro%oun($+ #"ar"$ing an( "ragic, e#!ecia$$+ &hen one con#i(er# ho& i !or"an" Henchar(.# na e ha# )een "o hi (uring hi# $i%e"i e* A%"er co i""ing "he a)o ina)$e (ee( o% #e$$ing hi# &i%e an( chi$(, Henchar( &ake# %ro a (runken #"u!or an( &on(er#, %ir#" an( %ore o#", i% he "o$( an+ o% "he %air;goer# hi# na e* 'igh"een +ear# !a## )e"&een "ha" #cene on "he hea"h o% We+(on;Drior# an( Henchar(.# reunion &i"h Su#an in /a#"er)ri(ge, )u" &e i e(ia"e$+ rea$i0e "he -a$ue "ha" Henchar( !$ace# on a goo( na e an( re!u"a"ion* No" on$+ ha# he c$i )e( %ro ha+; "ru##er "o a+or o% a # a$$ agricu$"ura$ "o&n, )u" he $a)or# "o !ro"ec" "he e#"ee "hi# higher !o#i"ion a%%or(# hi * When Su#an an( '$i0a)e"h;Jane co e u!on "he a+or ho#"ing a )an:ue" %or "he "o&n.# o#" !ro inen" ci"i0en#, "he+ &i"ne## a an #"rugg$ing "o con-ince "he a##e# "ha", (e#!i"e a i# anage( har-e#", he i# an hone#" !er#on &i"h a &or"h+ na e* A# he #"are# ou" a" an unha!!+ au(ience a(e u! o% grain erchan"# &ho ha-e $o#" one+ an( co on ci"i0en# &ho, &i"hou" &hea", are going hungr+, Henchar( $a en"# "ha" he canno" un(o "he !a#"* He re$a"e# gro&n &hea" e"a!horica$$+ "o "he i#"ake# o% "he !a#"7nei"her can )e "aken )ack* A$"hough Henchar( $earn# "hi# $e##on a" "he en( o% /ha!"er =<, he %ai$# "o in"erna$i0e i"* =% "here i#, in(ee(, a ke+ "o hi# un(oing, i" i# hi# ina)i$i"+ "o $e" go o% hi# !a#" i#"ake#* 6ui$" ac"# $ike a %ue$ "ha" kee!# Henchar( o-ing "o&ar( hi# o&n (e i#e* Bna)$e "o %orge" "he e-en"# "ha" "ook !$ace in "he %ur i"+;&o an.# "en", he #e"# ou" "o !uni#h hi #e$% again an( again* Whi$e he igh" ha-e %oun( ha!!ine## )+ arr+ing 5uce""a, %or in#"ance, Henchar( (e"er ine# "o ake a en(# %or "he !a#" )+ re arr+ing a &o an he ne-er $o-e( in "he %ir#" !$ace* Do##e##e( o% a ?re#"$e## an( #e$%;accu#ing #ou$,@ Henchar( #ee # "o #eek ou" #i"ua"ion# "ha" !ro i#e %ur"her (e)a#e en"* A$"hough Dona$( 4ar%rae e-en"ua$$+ a!!ro!ria"e# Henchar(.# Ao), )u#ine##, an( e-en hi# $o-e( one#, i" i# Henchar( &ho in#i#"# on crea"ing "he co !e"i"ion "ha" he e-en"ua$$+ $o#e#* A$"hough Henchar( $o#e# e-en "he a)i$i"+ "o e,!$ain hi #e$%7?he (i( no" #u%%icien"$+ -a$ue hi #e$% "o $e##en hi# #u%%ering# )+ #"renuou# a!!ea$ or e$a)ora"e argu en"@7he ne-er re$in:ui#he# hi# "a$en" o% en(urance* Wha"e-er "he !ain, Henchar( )ear# i"* =" i# "hi# re#i$ience "ha" e$e-a"e# hi "o "he $e-e$ o% a hero7a an, ironica$$+, &ho#e na e (e#er-e# "o )e re e )ere(* !onald "arfrae i"+;ri(e*

3
4ar%rae, "he +oung Sco"ch an, #er-e# a# a %oi$ 8a charac"er &ho#e ac"ion# or e o"ion# con"ra#" &i"h an( "here)+ accen"ua"e "ho#e o% ano"her charac"er9 %or Henchar(* Wherea# &i$$ an( in"ui"ion (e"er ine "he cour#e o% Henchar(.# $i%e, 4ar%rae i# a an o% in"e$$ec"* He )ring# "o /a#"er)ri(ge a e"ho( %or #a$-aging (a age( grain, a #+#"e %or reorgani0ing an( re-o$u"ioni0ing "he a+or.# )u#ine##, an( a )$en( o% curio#i"+ an( a )i"ion "ha" ena)$e# hi "o "ake in"ere#" in7an( a(-an"age o%7"he agricu$"ura$ a(-ance en"# o% "he (a+ 8#uch a# "he #ee(;#o&ing achine9* A$"hough Henchar( #oon co e# "o -ie& 4ar%rae a# hi# a(-er#ar+, "he Sco"ch an.# -ic"orie# are &on ore in "he na e o% !rogre## "han !er#ona$ #a"i#%ac"ion* Hi# !ri ar+ o"i-e in "aking o-er /a#"er)ri(ge.# grain "ra(e i# "o ake i" ore !ro#!erou# an( !re!are "he -i$$age %or "he a(-ancing agricu$"ura$ econo + o% "he $a"er nine"een"h cen"ur+* He (oe# no" in"en( "o (i#honor Henchar(* =n(ee(, e-en &hen Henchar( i# a" hi# o#" a(-er#aria$7(uring hi# %igh" &i"h 4ar%rae in "he )arn, %or in#"ance7"he Sco"ch an re in(# hi #e$% o% "he %a$$en a+or.# circu #"ance#, "aking !ain# "o un(er#"an( an( e,cu#e Henchar(.# )eha-ior* =n hi# ca$ , ea#ure( "hinking, 4ar%rae i# a o(e$ an o% #cience, an( Har(+ (e!ic"# hi &i"h "he #"ereo"+!ica$ #"reng"h# an( &eakne##e# o% #uch !eo!$e* He !o##e##e# an in"e$$ec"ua$ co !e"ence #o unri-a$e( "ha" i" !a##e# %or chari# a, )u" "hroughou" "he no-e$ he re ain# e o"iona$$+ (i#"an"* A$"hough he &in# "he %a-or o% "he "o&n#!eo!$e &i"h hi# high$+ #ucce##%u$ (a+ o% ce$e)ra"ion, 4ar%rae %ai$# "o %ee$ an+ e o"ion "oo (ee!$+, &he"her i" i# ha!!ine## in#!ire( )+ hi# carni-a$ or #orro& a" "he (ea"h o% hi# &i%e* =n "hi# re#!ec" a# &e$$ he #"an(# in )o$( con"ra#" "o Henchar(, &ho#e (e!"h o% %ee$ing i# #o !ro%oun( "ha" i" u$"i a"e$+ (oo # hi * Elizabeth-Jane ewson '$i0a)e"h;Jane un(ergoe# a (ra#"ic "ran#%or a"ion o-er "he cour#e o% "he no-e$, e-en "hough "he narra"i-e (oe# no" %ocu# on her a# uch a# i" (oe# on o"her charac"er#* A# #he %o$$o&# her o"her acro## "he 'ng$i#h coun"r+#i(e in #earch o% a re$a"i-e #he (oe# no" kno&, '$i0a)e"h;Jane !ro-e# a kin(, #i !$e, an( une(uca"e( gir$* Once in /a#"er)ri(ge, ho&e-er, #he un(er"ake# in"e$$ec"ua$ an( #ocia$ i !ro-e en"> #he )egin# "o (re## $ike a $a(+, rea(# -oraciou#$+, an( (oe# her )e#" "o e,!unge ru#"ic coun"r+ (ia$ec" %ro her #!eech* Thi# #e$%;e(uca"ion co e# a" a !ain%u$ "i e, %or no" $ong a%"er #he arri-e# in /a#"er)ri(ge, her o"her (ie#, $ea-ing her in "he cu#"o(+ o% a an &ho ha# $earne( "ha" #he i# no" hi# )io$ogica$ (augh"er an( "here%ore &an"# $i""$e "o (o &i"h her* =n "er # o% i#er+, one cou$( ea#i$+ argue "ha" '$i0a)e"h;Jane ha# a #hare e:ua$ "o "ha" o% Henchar( or 5uce""a* Bn$ike "he#e charac"er#, ho&e-er, '$i0a)e"h;Jane #u%%er# in "he #a e &a+ #he $i-e#7&i"h a :uie" kin( o% #e$%;!o##e##ion an( re#o$-e* She $ack# 5uce""a.# #en#e o% (ra a an( $ack# her #"e!%a"her.# (e#ire "o )en( "he &i$$ o% o"her# "o her o&n* Thu#, &hen Henchar( crue$$+ (i# i##e# her or 5uce""a #u!!$an"# her !$ace in 4ar%rae.# hear", '$i0a)e"h;Jane acce!"# "he#e circu #"ance# an( o-e# on &i"h $i%e* Thi# a!!roach "o $i-ing #"an(# a# a )o$( coun"er!oin" "o Henchar(.#, %or Henchar( canno" )ring hi #e$% "o $e" go o% "he !a#" an( re$in:ui#h hi# %ai$ure# an( un%u$%i$$e( (e#ire#* =% Henchar(.# (e"er ina"ion "o c$ing "o "he !a#" i# !ar"$+ re#!on#i)$e %or hi# ruin, "hen '$i0a)e"h;Jane.# "a$en" %or ? aking $i i"e( o!!or"uni"ie# en(ura)$e@ accoun"# %or her "riu !ha$ rea$i0a"ion7un#!ec"acu$ar a# i" igh" )e7"ha" ?ha!!ine## &a# )u" "he occa#iona$ e!i#o(e in a genera$ (ra a o% !ain*@ L#cetta Te$%le$an 5ike Michae$ Henchar(, 5uce""a Te !$e an $i-e# reck$e##$+ accor(ing "o her !a##ion# an( #u%%er# %or i"* Be%ore arri-ing in /a#"er)ri(ge, 5uce""a )eco e# in-o$-e( in a #can(a$ou#$+ in(i#cree" a%%air &i"h Henchar( "ha" ake# her "he !ariah o% Jer#e+* A%"er #e""$ing in High;D$ace Ha$$, 5uce""a :uick$+ )eco e# ena ore( &i"h Henchar(.# archri-a$, 4ar%rae* Their re$a"ion#hi! i# !eace%u$ un"i$ "he "o&n $earn# o% 5uce""a.# !a#" re$a"ion#hi! &i"h Henchar(, &hereu!on "he+ ake her "he #u)Aec" o% a #ha e%u$ ?#ki i"+;ri(e*@ A$"hough &arne( o% "he#e $ike$+ con#e:uence#, 5uce""a !rocee(# "o $o-e &ho e-er #he &an"# ho&e-er #he !$ea#e#* S"i$$, her charac"er $ack# "he )o$(ne## an( cer"ain"+ o% !ur!o#e "ha" &ou$( e$e-a"e her "o "he $e-e$ o% ?"he i#o$a"e(, (a ne(, an( #e$%;(e#"ruc"i-e in(i-i(ua$i#"@ "ha" cri"ic A$)er" 6uerar( (e#cri)e# a# ?"he grea" nine"een"h;cen"ur+ +"h*@ 5uce""a e erge# no" a# heroic )u" a# chi$(i#h an( i !ru(en"* Her $o-e %or 4ar%rae, %or e,a !$e, hinge# on her re%u#a$ "o acce!" Henchar(.# -i#i"# %or #e-era$ (a+#, a re%u#a$ "ha" ake# her #ee ore !e""+ "han re#o$u"e* Si i$ar$+, her ra!i($+ #hi%"ing a%%ec"ion#74ar%rae ec$i!#e# Henchar( a# "he o)Aec" o% her (e#ire &i"h a a0ing, a$ o#" ri(icu$ou# #!ee(7)ran( her a# an e o"iona$$+ -o$a"i$e <ic"orian %e a$e, one &ho#e #en"i en"# are #"rong enough "o cau#e "he o#" e$o(ra a"ic o% (ea"h#* The$es- Motifs . &y$bols The$es Themes are the fundamental and often universal ideas e !lored in a literary wor"# The /$%ortance of Character A# a ?S"or+ o% a Man o% /harac"er,@ The Mayor of Casterbridge %ocu#e# on ho& i"# !ro"agoni#".# :ua$i"ie# ena)$e hi "o en(ure* One "en(# "o "hink o% charac"er, e#!ecia$$+ in "er # o% a ?Man o% /harac"er,@ a# "he !ro(uc" o% #uch -a$ue# a# honor an( ora$ righ"eou#ne##* /er"ain$+ Michae$ Henchar( (oe# no" %i" nea"$+ in"o #uch ca"egorie#* Throughou" "he no-e$, hi# -o$a"i$e "e !er %orce# hi in"o ru"h$e## co !e"i"ion &i"h 4ar%rae "ha" #"ri!# hi o% hi# !ri(e an( !ro!er"+, &hi$e hi# in#ecuri"ie# $ea( hi "o (ecei-e "he one !er#on he $earn# "o "ru$+ care a)ou", '$i0a)e"h;Jane* Henchar( (ie# an unre arka)$e (ea"h, #$inking o%% "o a hu )$e co""age in "he &oo(#, an( he #"i!u$a"e# in hi# &i$$ "ha" no one ourn or re e )er hi * There &i$$ )e no #"a"ue# in "he /a#"er)ri(ge #:uare, a# one igh" i agine, "o ark hi# $i%e an( &ork* Ye" Har(+ in#i#"# "ha" hi# hero i# a &or"h+ an* Henchar(.# &or"h, "hen7"ha" &hich ake# hi a ?Man o% /harac"er@7$ie# in hi# (e"er ina"ion "o #u%%er an( in hi# a)i$i"+ "o en(ure grea" !ain* He #hou$(er# "he )ur(en o% hi# o&n i#"ake# a# he #e$$# hi# %a i$+, i# anage# hi# )u#ine##, an( )ear# "he #"or o% an un$uck+ %a"e, e#!ecia$$+ &hen "he %ur i"+;&o an con%e##e# an( Ne&#on rea!!ear#* =n a &or$( "ha" #ee # gui(e( )+ "he ?#che eE#F o% #o e #ini#"er in"e$$igence )en" on !uni#hing@ hu an )eing#, "here can )e no ore honora)$e an( ore righ"eou# charac"eri#"ic "han Henchar(.# )ran( o% ?(e%ian" en(urance*@ The 0al#e of a +ood a$e The -a$ue o% a goo( na e i# a)un(an"$+ c$ear &i"hin "he %ir#" %e& cha!"er# o% "he no-e$> a# Henchar( &ake# "o %in( "ha" "he #a$e o% hi# &i%e &a# no" a (rea or a (runken ha$$ucina"ion, hi# %ir#" concern i# "o re e )er &he"her he (i-u$ge( hi# na e "o an+one (uring "he cour#e o% "he

4
!re-iou# e-ening* A$$ "he &hi$e, Su#an &arn# ;'$i0a)e"h;Jane o% "he nee( %or (i#cre"ion a" "he Three Mariner# =nn7"heir re#!ec"a)i$i"+ 8an(, i !or"an", "ha" o% "he a+or9 cou$( )e Aeo!ar(i0e( i% an+one (i#co-ere( "ha" Henchar(.# %a i$+ !er%or e( chore# a# !a+ en" %or $o(ging* ore

The i !or"ance o% a #o$i( re!u"a"ion an( charac"er i# ra"her o)-iou# gi-en Henchar(.# #i"ua"ion, %or Henchar( ha# $i""$e e$#e )e#i(e# hi# na e* He arri-e# in /a#"er)ri(ge &i"h no"hing ore "han "he i !$e en"# o% "he ha+;"ru##er.# "ra(e, an( "hough &e ne-er $earn "he circu #"ance# o% hi# a#cen" "o ci-ic $ea(er, #uch a c$i ) !re#u a)$+ (e!en(# u!on "he &or"h o% one.# na e* Throughou" "he cour#e o% "he no-e$, Henchar( a""e !"# "o earn, or "o )e$ie-e "ha" he ha# earne(, hi# !o#i"ion* He i#, ho&e-er, !$ague( )+ a con-ic"ion o% hi# o&n &or"h$e##ne##, an( he !$ace# hi #e$% in #i"ua"ion# "ha" can on$+ re#u$" in %ai$ure* 4or in#"ance, he in(u$ge# in !e""+ Aea$ou#+ o% 4ar%rae, &hich $ea(# "o a (ra&n;ou" co !e"i"ion in &hich Henchar( $o#e# hi# !o#i"ion a# a+or, hi# )u#ine##, an( "he &o en he $o-e#* More crucia$, Henchar(.# ac"ion# re#u$" in "he $o## o% hi# na e an( hi# re!u"a"ion a# a &or"h+ an( honora)$e ci"i0en* Once he ha# $o#" "he#e e##en"ia$#, he %o$$o&# "he #a e cour#e "o&ar( (ea"h a# 5uce""a, &ho#e (e i#e i# #ee ing$+ !reci!i"a"e( )+ "he irre"rie-a)$e $o## o% re#!ec"a)i$i"+ )rough" a)ou" )+ "he ?#ki i"+;ri(e*@ The /ndelibility of the Past The Mayor of Casterbridge i# a no-e$ haun"e( )+ "he !a#"* Henchar(.# %a"e%u$ (eci#ion "o #e$$ hi# &i%e an( chi$( a" We+(on;Drior# con"inue# "o #ha!e hi# $i%e eigh"een +ear# $a"er, &hi$e "he "o&n i"#e$% re#"# u!on i"# %or er incarna"ion> e-er+ %ar er &ho "i$$# a %ie$( "urn# u! "he re ain# o% $ong;(ea( Ro an #o$(ier#* The Ring, "he ancien" Ro an a !hi"hea"er "ha" (o ina"e# /a#"er)ri(ge an( !ro-i(e# a %oru %or "he #ecre" ee"ing# o% i"# ci"i0en#, #"an(# a# a !o"en" #+ )o$ o% "he in(e$i;)i$i"+ o% a !a#" "ha" canno" )e e#ca!e(* The "erri)$e e-en"# "ha" once occurre( here a# en"er"ain en" %or "he ci"i0en# o% /a#"er)ri(ge ha-e, in a cer"ain #en#e, (e"er ine( "he "o&n.# !re#en" #"a"e* The )ru"a$i"+ o% !u)$ic e,ecu"ion# ha# gi-en &a+ "o "he i#erie# o% "h&ar"e( $o-er#* Henchar(.# !a#" !ro-e# no $e## in(o i"a)$e* =n(ee(, he #!en(# "he en"ire"+ o% "he no-e$ a""e !"ing "o righ" "he &rong# o% $ong ago* He #uccee(# on$+ in aking ore grie-ou# i#"ake#, )u" he ne-er %ai$# "o ackno&$e(ge "ha" "he !a#" canno" )e )urie( or (enie(* On$+ 5uce""a i# gui$"+ o% #uch %o$$+* She (i# i##e# her hi#"or+ &i"h Henchar( an( "he !ro i#e# "ha" #he a(e "o hi in or(er "o !ur#ue 4ar%rae, a (eci#ion %or &hich #he !a+# &i"h her re!u"a"ion an(, ;e-en"ua$$+, her $i%e* Motifs Motifs are recurring structures, contrasts, or literary devices that can hel! to develo! and inform the te t's ma$or themes# Coincidence '-en "he o#" cur#or+ rea(ing o% The Mayor of Casterbridge re-ea$# a #"ruc"ura$ !a""ern "ha" re$ie# hea-i$+ on coinci(ence* =n(ee(, "he #"or+ &ou$( har($+ !rogre## &ere i" no" %or "he chance occurrence# "ha" !u#h Henchar( c$o#er an( c$o#er "o %ai$ure* 4or e,a !$e, "he rea!!earance o% Au#" one $ong;$o#" charac"er &ou$( "e#" our &i$$ingne## "o )e$ie-e, )u" here &e &i"ne## "he re"urn o% Su#an, "he %ur i"+;&o an, an( Ne&#on, each o% &ho )ring# a (ark #ecre" "ha" con"ri)u"e# "o Henchar(.# (oo * A$"hough &e, a# o(ern rea(er#, are un$ike$+ "o e,cu#e #uch o-er(e"er ine( !$o""ing, &e #hou$( a""e !" "o un(er#"an( i"* Har(+.# re$iance on coinci(ence re$a"e# (irec"$+ "o hi# !hi$o#o!h+ o% "he &or$(* A# a (e"er ini#", Har(+ )e$ie-e( "ha" hu an $i%e &a# #ha!e( no" )+ %ree &i$$ )u" )+ #uch !o&er%u$, uncon"ro$$a)$e %orce# a# here(i"+ an( 6o(* Henchar( rai$# again#" #uch %orce# "hroughou" "he no-e$, $a en"ing "ha" "he &or$( #ee # (e#igne( "o )ring a)ou" hi# (e i#e* =n #uch an en-iron en", coinci(ence #ee # $e## $ike a !ro(uc" o% !oor !$o" #"ruc"ure "han an ine-i"a)$e con#e:uence o% a$iciou# uni-er#a$ %orce#* The Tension between Tradition and /nnovation /a#"er)ri(ge i#, a" %ir#", a "o&n un"ouche( )+ o(erni# * Henchar(.# go-ern en" run# "he "o&n accor(ing "o :uain"$+ "ra(i"iona$ cu#"o #> )u#ine## i# con(uc"e( )+ &or( o% ou"h an( &ea"her;!ro!he"# are con#u$"e( regar(ing cro! +ie$(#* When 4ar%rae arri-e#, he )ring# &i"h hi ne& an( e%%icien" #+#"e # %or anaging "he "o&n.# grain arke"# an( increa#ing agricu$"ura$ !ro(uc"ion* =n "hi# &a+, Henchar( an( 4ar%rae co e "o re!re#en" "ra(i"ion an( inno-a"ion, re#!ec"i-e$+* A# #uch, "heir #"rugg$e can )e #een no" ere$+ a# a co !e"i"ion )e"&een a grain erchan" an( hi# %or er !ro"GgG )u" ra"her a# "he "en#ion )e"&een "he (e#ire %or an( "he re$uc"ance "o change a# one age re!$ace# ano"her* Har(+ re!or"# "hi# #ucce##ion a# "hough i" &ere ine-i"a)$e, an( "he no-e$, %or a$$ i"# #+ !a"hie# "o&ar( Henchar(, i# ne-er ho#"i$e "o&ar( !rogre##* =n(ee(, &e &i"ne## an( e-en enAo+ "he e%%icac+ o% 4ar%rae.# acco !$i#h en"#* Bn(ou)"e($+, hi# (a+ o% ce$e)ra"ion, hi# ne& e"ho( %or organi0ing "he granar+.# )u#ine##, an( hi# (e"er ina"ion "o in"ro(uce o(ern "echno$ogie# "o /a#"er)ri(ge are goo( "hing#* Ne-er"he$e##, Har(+ re!or"# "he !a##ing %ro one era "o "he ne," &i"h a :uie" kin( o% no#"a$gia* Throughou" "he no-e$ are "race# o% a &or$( "ha" once &a# an( &i$$ ne-er )e again* =n "he o!ening !age#, a# Henchar( #eek# #he$"er %or hi# "ire( %a i$+, a !ea#an" $a en"# "he $o## o% "he :uain" co""age# "ha" once charac"eri0e( "he 'ng$i#h coun"r+#i(e* The Tension between P#blic Life and Private Life Henchar(.# %a$$ can )e un(er#"oo( in "er # o% a o-e en" %ro "he !u)$ic arena in"o "he !ri-a"e one* When Su#an an( '$i0a)e"h;Jane (i#co-er Henchar( a" "he Three Mariner# =nn, he i# "he a+or o% /a#"er)ri(ge an( i"# o#" #ucce##%u$ grain erchan", "&o !o#i"ion# "ha" !$ace hi in "he cen"er o% !u)$ic $i%e an( ci-ic (u"+* A# hi# goo( %or"une #hi%"# &hen hi# re!u"a"ion an( %inance# %ai$, he i# %orce( "o re$in:ui#h "he#e !o#"#* He )eco e# increa#ing$+ $e## in-o$-e( &i"h !u)$ic $i%e7hi# ri(icu$ou# gree"ing o% "he -i#i"ing Ro+a$ Der#onage (e on#"ra"e# ho& co !$e"e$+ he ha# a)an(one( "hi# rea$ 7an( $i-e# &ho$$+ &i"h hi# !ri-a"e "hough"# an( o)#e##ion#* He o-e# %ro ?"he co ercia$ E"oF "he ro an"ic,@ concen"ra"ing hi# energie# on hi# !er#ona$ an( (o e#"ic re$a"ion#hi!# &i"h 4ar%rae, 5uce""a, an( '$i0a)e"h;Jane* &y$bols %ymbols are ob$ects, characters, figures, or colors used to re!resent abstract ideas or conce!ts# The Caged +oldfinch =n an ac" o% con"ri"ion, Henchar( -i#i"# '$i0a)e"h;Jane on her &e((ing (a+, carr+ing "he gi%" o% a cage( go$(%inch* He $ea-e# "he )ir( in a corner &hi$e he #!eak# "o hi# #"e!(augh"er an( %orge"# i" &hen #he coo$$+ (i# i##e# hi * Da+# $a"er, a ai( (i#co-er# "he #"ar-e( )ir(, &hich !ro !"#

5
'$i0a)e"h;Jane "o #earch %or Henchar(, &ho #he %in(# (ea( in A)e$ Whi""$e.# co""age* When Whi""$e re!or"# "ha" Henchar( ?(i(n." gain #"reng"h, %or +ou #ee, a.a , he cou$(n." ea",@ he un&i""ing$+ "ie# Henchar(.# %a"e "o "he )ir(.#> )o"h $i-e( an( (ie( in a !ri#on* The %inch.# !ri#on &a# $i"era$, &hi$e Henchar(.# &a# "he ine#ca!a)$e !ri#on o% hi# !er#ona$i"+ an( hi# !a#"* The )#ll The )u$$ "ha" cha#e# (o&n 5uce""a an( '$i0a)e"h;Jane #"an(# a# a #+ )o$ o% "he )ru"e %orce# "ha" "hrea"en hu an $i%e* Ma$ignan", (ea($+, an( )en" on (e#"ruc"ion, i" #ee # "o incarna"e "he unna e( %orce# "ha" Henchar( o%"en )e oan#* The )u$$.# ra !age !ro-i(e# Henchar( &i"h an o!!or"uni"+ "o (i#!$a+ hi# #"reng"h an( courage, "hu# aking hi ore #+ !a"he"ic in our e+e#* The Collision of the (agons When a &agon o&ne( )+ Henchar( co$$i(e# &i"h a &agon o&ne( )+ 4ar%rae on "he #"ree" ou"#i(e o% High;D$ace Ha$$, "he in"erac"ion )ear# ore #igni%icance "han a #i !$e "ra%%ic acci(en"* The -io$en" co$$i#ion (ra a"ica$$+ #+ )o$i0e# "he "en#ion in "he re$a"ion#hi! )e"&een "he "&o en* =" a$#o #+ )o$i0e# "he c$a#h )e"&een "ra(i"ion, &hich Henchar( e )o(ie#, an( "he ne& o(ern era, &hich 4ar%rae !er#oni%ie#* Cha%ters /1// &n !resence of this scene after the other there was a natural instinct to ab$ure man as the blot on an otherwise "indly universe# # # # '%ee Important Quotations Explained( &#$$ary2 Cha%ter / =n "he %ir#" ha$% o% "he nine"een"h cen"ur+, a +oung ha+;"ru##er na e( Michae$ Henchar(, hi# &i%e, Su#an, an( "heir )a)+ (augh"er, ;'$i0a)e"h; Jane, #i$en"$+ &a$k a$ong a roa( in "he 'ng$i#h coun"r+#i(e "o&ar( a $arge -i$$age ca$$e( We+(on;Drior#* The+ ee" a "urni!;hoer, an( Henchar( a#k# i% "here i# &ork or #he$"er "o )e %oun( in "he "o&n* The !e##i i#"ic $a)orer "e$$# "he +oung an "ha" "here i# nei"her* The %a i$+ e-en"ua$$+ co e# u!on a %air an( #"o!# %or %oo(* The+ en"er a %ur i"+ "en", &here a &o an #e$$# a kin( o% grue$ a(e %ro corn, %$our, i$k, rai#in#, curran"# an( o"her ingre(ien"#* A%"er &a"ching "he &o an #!ike #e-era$ )o&$# o% "he !orri(ge &i"h ru , Henchar( #$+$+ #en(# u! hi# )o&$ "o )e #!ike( a# &e$$* The &o an acco o(a"e# hi again an( again, an( #oon Henchar( i# (runk* A# he con"inue# "o (rink, he )e oan# hi# $o" a# a arrie( an* =% on$+ he &ere ?a %ree an,@ he "e$$# "he grou! ga"here( in "he %ur i"+ "en", he &ou$( ?)e &or"h a "hou#an( !oun(*@ When "he #oun( o% an auc"ioneer #e$$ing hor#e# in"erru!"# Henchar(.# u#ing#, he Aoke# "ha" he &ou$( )e &i$$ing "o #e$$ hi# &i%e i% #o eone &an"e( "o )u+ her* Su#an )eg# hi "o #"o! hi# "ea#ing, (ec$aring "ha" ?"hi# i# ge""ing #eriou#* OH7"oo #eriou#H@ Henchar( !er#i#"# ne-er"he$e##* He )egin# "o )ark ou" !rice# $ike an auc"ioneer, u!!ing "he co#" o% hi# &i%e an( chi$( &hen no one "ake# hi# o%%er* When "he !rice reache# %i-e guinea#, a #ai$or a!!ear# an( agree# "o "he "ra(e* Di#"raugh", )u" g$a( "o $ea-e her hu#)an(, Su#an go o%% &i"h '$i0a)e"h;Jane an( "he #ai$or* Henchar( co$$a!#e# %or "he nigh" in "he %ur i"+ "en"* &#$$ary2 Cha%ter // Henchar( &ake# "he ne," orning, &on(ering i% "he e-en"# o% "he !re-iou# nigh" ha-e )een a (rea * When he %in(# "he #ai$or.# one+ in hi# !ocke", ho&e-er, he rea$i0e# "ha" he ha#, in %ac", #o$( hi# &i%e an( chi$(* He (e$i)era"e# o-er hi# #i"ua"ion %or #o e "i e an( (eci(e# "ha" he u#" ?ge" ou" o% "hi# a# #oon a# EheF can*@ He e,i"# "he "en" an( ake# hi# &a+ unno"ice( %ro "he We+(on %airgroun(#* A%"er a i$e or #o o% &a$king, he #"o!# an( &on(er# i% he "o$( hi# na e "o an+one a" "he %air* He i# #ur!ri#e( "ha" Su#an agree( "o go &i"h "he #ai$or an( cur#e# her %or )ringing hi ?in"o "hi# (i#grace*@ S"i$$, he re#o$-e# "o %in( Su#an an( '$i0a)e"h;Jane an( )ear "he #ha e, &hich he rea#on# i# ?o% hi# o&n aking*@ Henchar( con"inue# on hi# &a+, an(, "hree or %our i$e# $a"er, he co e# u!on a -i$$age an( en"er# a church "here* He %a$$# "o hi# knee# on "he a$"ar, !$ace# a han( on "he Bi)$e, an( !$e(ge# no" "o (rink a$coho$ %or "&en"+;one +ear#, "he #a e nu )er o% +ear# "ha" he ha# )een a$i-e* He con"inue# "he #earch %or Su#an an( '$i0a)e"h;Jane %or #e-era$ on"h# an( e-en"ua$$+ arri-e# a" a #ea!or" &here a %a i$+ %i""ing "he (e#cri!"ion o% "he #ai$or, Su#an, an( '$i0a)e"h;Jane ha# recen"$+ (e!ar"e(* He (eci(e# "o a)an(on hi# #earch an( ake# hi# &a+ "o "he "o&n o% /a#"er)ri(ge* 'nalysis2 Cha%ters /1// Man+ cri"ic# )e$ie-e "ha" Michae$ Henchar(, "he ?Man o% /harac"er@ "o &ho "he #u)"i"$e o% The Mayor of Casterbridge re%er#, i# one o% Tho a# Har(+.# grea"e#" crea"ion#* Henchar( i# con#"ruc"e( &i"h a grea" (ea$ o% e"hica$ an( !#+cho$ogica$ co !$e,i"+, an( "he %ir#" "&o cha!"er# #ho& #o e o% "he con"ra(ic"ion# o% hi# charac"er* A# a +oung an, Henchar( i# -o$a"i$e, hea(#"rong, an( !a##iona"e* '-en )e%ore Henchar( &ork# hi #e$% in"o a %ur+ in "he %ur i"+ "en", Su#an.# eek )eha-ior a# #he &a$k# a$ong )e#i(e hi 8?#he ke!" a# c$o#e "o hi# #i(e a# &a# !o##i)$e &i"hou" ac"ua$ con"ac"@9 i !$ie# hi# -o$a"i$e an( !o"en"ia$$+ -io$en" na"ure* The e-en"# "ha" "ake !$ace in "he %ur i"+ "en" a" "he %air (e on#"ra"e a c+c$e in"o &hich Henchar( %a$$# %re:uen"$+ "hroughou" "he no-e$* A%"er %in(ing hi #e$% in a #ha e%u$ #i"ua"ion7"hi# "i e, ha-ing #o$( hi# &i%e an( chi$(7he "ake# %u$$ re#!on#i)i$i"+ %or hi# i#"ake# an( #e"# ou" "o correc" "he * =n %ac", hi# (e#ire "o ake a en(# i# o-er!o&ering* He #!en(# #e-era$ on"h# #earching %or hi# &i%e an( chi$(, !ro-ing "ha" hi# re or#e i# no" ha$%hear"e(* Thi# au(aciou# #!iri" i# a ha$$ ark o% Henchar(.# charac"er, a# he #&i"che# :uick$+ %ro ungra"e%u$ i#og+n+ "o #incere !eni"ence* B$"i a"e$+, "hough, cri"ic# ha-e re aine( in"ere#"e( in Henchar( )ecau#e hi# #ucce## in a"oning %or hi# "ran#gre##ion# i# a )iguou#* A$"hough Henchar(.# #earch %or hi# &i%e #ee # "o )e an e,a !$e o% hone#" con"ri"ion, hi# "rue o"i-a"ion i# ore $ike$+ concern o-er hi# !er#ona$ honor* When Henchar( &ake#, hi# re or#e #"e # ore %ro a %ear o% )eing (i#(aine( "han %ro an+ #en#e o% ora$ irre#!on#i)i$i"+* Hi# in"ere#" in hi# goo( na e !$a+# a #igni%ican" ro$e in hi# #acri%ice o% !er#ona$ #a"i#%ac"ion &hen he #&ear# o%% a$coho$ an( (e"er ine# "o %in( hi# &i%e* Be%ore he )egin# "o #cour "he 'ng$i#h coun"r+#i(e %or hi# &i%e an( chi$(, he re%$ec"# "ha" i" i# no" hi# o&n )u" ra"her hi# &i%e.# ?i(io"ic #i !$ici"+@ "ha" ha# )rough" (i#grace on hi * A# he #"an(# ou"#i(e "he %airgroun(# a" We+(on;Drior#, an,iou#$+ &on(ering &he"her he re-ea$e( hi# na e "o an+)o(+ in "he %ur i"+ "en", Henchar( (i#!$a+# an o)#e##ion &i"h !u)$ic o!inion concerning hi# charac"er "ha" grea"$+ #ha!e# hi# ac"ion# an( !er#ona$i"+* /ri"ic =r-ing Ho&e re%er# "o "hi# "rai" a# Henchar(.# ?co !u$#i-e an( #e$%;$acera"ing !ri(e*@ Henchar(.# ini"ia$ irre#!on#i)i$i"+ #ugge#"# "ha" "he no-e$.# #u)"i"$e a+ no" )e an accura"e (e#cri!"ion o% hi * =n a &a+, "hen, "he #u)"i"$e %ore#ha(o&# Henchar(.# "ran#i"ion "o a an o% charac"er*

Though Har(+ re#en"e( )eing $a)e$e( a !e##i i#", "he The Mayor of Casterbridge i# a" "i e# )$eak$+ rea$i#"ic* Har(+ (e#cri)e( hi #e$% a# a meliorist)one &ho )e$ie-e# "ha" "he uni-er#e "en(# "o&ar( i !ro-e en" an( "ha" hu an )eing# can enAo+ "hi# !rogre## a# $ong a# "he+ recogni0e "heir !ro!er !$ace in "he na"ura$ or(er o% "hing#7)u" "he &or$( "ha" "he no-e$ (e#cri)e# #ee # !e##i i#"ic an( (i%%icu$"* Har(+ u#e# Su#an Henchar(, &ho ha# ?"he har(, ha$%;;a!a"he"ic e,!re##ion o% one &ho (ee # an+"hing !o##i)$e a" "he han(# o% Ti e an( /hance e,ce!", !erha!#, %air !$a+,@ "o (e on#"ra"e "he i !or"ance o% rea$i#"ica$$+ un(er#"an(ing "he na"ura$ or(er o% "hing#* We ge" "he #en#e "ha" "he na"ura$ &or$(, e )o(ie( )+ ?Ti e an( /hance,@ ha# $i""$e in"ere#" in hu an $i%e or i#er+* Har(+ #u)#"an"ia"e# "hi# i(ea )+ in#er"ing an i age o% #e-era$ hor#e# $o-ing$+ ru))ing "heir neck# "oge"her a%"er "he ri(icu$ou# #cene in "he %ur i"+ "en"* Ju,"a!o#ing co !a##ion an( hear"$e##ne##, Har(+ #ho&# u# "ha" $o-e an( -io$ence are co !e"ing a#!ec"# o% )o"h hu an )eha-ior an( "he na"ura$ &or$(* Cha%ters ///10/ &#$$ary2 Cha%ter /// 'igh"een +ear# ha-e !a##e(* T&o &o en, Su#an Henchar(, (re##e( in "he ourning c$o"he# o% a &i(o&, an( her no&;gro&n (augh"er, '$i0a)e"h; Jane, &a$k a$ong "he #a e #"re"ch o% roa( "o&ar( ;We+(on;Drior#* A# "he "&o ake "heir &a+ "o&ar( "he %airgroun(#, "he+ #!eak o% "he #ai$or, Ne&#on, &ho '$i0a)e"h;Jane )e$ie-e# "o )e her %a"her, an( hi# recen" (ea"h a" #ea* Su#an e,!$ain# "ha" "he+ are "here "o $ook %or a $ong;$o#" re$a"i-e )+ "he na e o% ;Henchar(* Once a" "he %air, Su#an recogni0e# "he %ur i"+ "en" an( i"# !ro!rie"re##, an( #he "ake# a !ri-a"e o en" "o a#k "he &o an &he"her #he re e )er# a hu#)an( #e$$ing hi# &i%e* A%"er a o en", "he ;%ur i"+;#e$$er (oe# re e )er, an( #he #"a"e# "ha" "he an gui$"+ o% "ha" (ee( ca e )ack "o her "en" a +ear $a"er "o a#k her "o #en( an+one &ho ca e $ooking %or hi "o "he "o&n o% /a#"er)ri(ge* Su#an "hank# "he &o an an( #e"# o%% &i"h '$i0a)e"h;Jane %or /a#"er)ri(ge* &#$$ary2 Cha%ter /0 A# "he+ a!!roach /a#"er)ri(ge, Su#an an( '$i0a)e"h;Jane !a## )+ "&o en &ho, "he+ )e$ie-e, en"ion "he na e Henchar( in "heir con-er#a"ion* '$i0a)e"h;Jane a#k# her o"her i% #he #hou$( run a%"er "he en "o a#k "he a)ou" "heir re$a"i-e, )u" Su#an, %earing "ha" Henchar( a+ )e a (i#re!u"a)$e ci"i0en, a(-i#e# again#" i"* The+ arri-e in /a#"er)ri(ge, hungr+ %ro "heir Aourne+, an( a#k a &o an &here "he neare#" )aker.# #ho! i#* The &o an "e$$# "he "here i# no goo( )rea( in /a#"er)ri(ge )ecau#e "he corn;%ac"or ha# #o$( ?gro&n &hea",@ grain "ha" ha# #!rou"e( )e%ore har-e#", "o "he i$$er# an( )aker#* Su#an an( '$i0a)e"h;Jane %in( #o e )i#cui"# a" a near)+ #ho! an( hea( o%% "o&ar( "he #oun( o% u#ic in "he (i#"ance* &#$$ary2 Cha%ter 0 Su#an an( '$i0a)e"h;Jane arri-e in %ron" o% "he Iing.# Ar # =nn, &here a cro&( i# ga"here( )e%ore $arge, o!en &in(o&#* When ;'$i0a)e"h;Jane a#k# an o$( an &ha" i# going on, he "e$$# her "ha" "here i# an i !or"an" (inner "aking !$ace an( "ha" Mr* Henchar(, &ho i# "he a+or o% /a#"er)ri(ge, an( o"her !ro inen" gen"$e en o% "he co uni"+ are a""en(ing* Su#an an( '$i0a)e"h;Jane are grea"$+ #ur!ri#e( "o hear "ha" Henchar( i# "he a+or, an( Su#an i# un#ure &he"her "o ake her !re#ence kno&n* A# "he "&o &a"ch "he (iner# ea", '$i0a)e"h;Jane no"ice# "ha" Henchar(.# &ineg$a## i# ne-er %i$$e(, an( "he o$( an "e$$# her "ha" "he a+or ha# #&orn an oa"h "o a)#"ain %ro a$$ $i:uor* A# Su#an, '$i0a)e"h;Jane, an( "he o"her )+#"an(er# &a"ch "he !rocee(ing#, #o eone ca$$# ou" "o "he a+or "o e,!$ain "he curren" )rea( cri#i#* Henchar( a##ure# "he cro&( "ha" "he (a age( &hea" &a# no" hi# %au$" an( "ha" he ha# hire( a anager "o en#ure "ha" "he #a e #i"ua"ion (oe# no" ha!!en again* ?=% an+)o(+ &i$$ "e$$ e ho& "o "urn gro&n &hea" in"o &ho$e#o e &hea",@ he "e$$# "he cro&(, ?=.$$ "ake i" )ack &i"h !$ea#ure* Bu" i" can." )e (one*@ &#$$ary2 Cha%ter 0/ A +oung Sco"ch an &ho ha!!en# "o )e !a##ing )+ hear# "he (i#cu##ion a)ou" "he &hea"* He &ri"e# a no"e an( a#k# a &ai"er "o (e$i-er i" "o "he a+or* The #"ranger "hen ake# hi# &a+ "o "he Three Mariner# =nn* Ha-ing &i"ne##e( "hi# in"erac"ion, '$i0a)e"h;Jane i# in"rigue( )+ "he #"ranger* She an( Su#an are a$#o $ooking %or a !$ace "o #"a+, #o "he+ (eci(e "o %o$$o& "he +oung an "o "he Three Mariner# =nn* The no"e i# (e$i-ere( "o Henchar(, &ho rea(# i" an( #ee # :ui"e in"ere#"e(* Dri-a"e$+, he a#k# "he &ai"er a)ou" "he origin o% "he no"e* B!on $earning "ha" i" ca e %ro a +oung an &ho ha# gone "o #!en( "he nigh" a" "he Three Mariner#, Henchar( a$#o ake# hi# &a+ "o "he inn* 'nalysis2 Cha%ters ///10/ /o !are( "o "he high an( o%"en un)e$ie-a)$e (ra a o% $a"er cha!"er#, $i""$e ha!!en# in /ha!"er# === "hrough <=* 6i-en "ha" eigh"een +ear# ha-e !a##e( #ince Henchar(.# #a$e o% hi# %a i$+ a" "he %air in We+(on;Drior#, "he %unc"ion o% "he#e cha!"er# i# $arge$+ e,!o#i"or+, an( "he+ #er-e ain$+ "o !ro-i(e nece##ar+ in%or a"ion ra"her "han (ra a"ic (e-e$o! en"* Here, &e $earn "ha" Henchar(, &ho#e !ro#!ec"# %or "he %u"ure #ee $i i"e( 8i% no" (oo e(9 a%"er hi# #ha e%u$ in"ro(uc"ion, ha# anage( "o )eco e one o% /a#"er)ri(ge.# o#" !ro inen" ci"i0en#* =n"ere#"ing$+, Har(+ choo#e# "o )+!a## "he #"or+ o% Henchar(.# ri#e %ro a +oung, e o"iona$$+ -o$a"i$e ha+;"ru##er "o "he a+or an( !ri ar+ grain (i#"ri)u"or o% a # a$$ agricu$"ura$ "o&n* Su#an an( '$i0a)e"h;Jane.# ignorance o% Henchar(.# ri#e "o !o&er e !ha#i0e# Har(+.# (eci#ion "o e$i ina"e "he #"or+ o% Henchar(.# (e-e$o! en" %ro "he narra"i-e #co!e o% "he no-e$* =n#"ea(, a# "he %u$$ "i"$e o% "he no-e$ !ro i#e#, "he #u)Aec" o% Har(+.# %ocu# an( in"ere#" i# Henchar(.# charac"er* The &or( ?charac"er@ ha# #e-era$ re$e-an" eaning# here* 4ir#", an( !erha!# o#" o)-iou#, "he &or( conno"e# "he ar"i#"ic !or"ra+a$ o% a !er#on in a &ork o% %ic"ion* Secon(, i" re%er# "o a :ua$i"+ or %ea"ure "ha" (i#"ingui#he# one !er#on or grou! %ro ano"her* =n hi# !or"ra+a$# o% Henchar(, 4ar%rae 8"he Sco"ch an9, 5uce""a, an( '$i0a)e"h;Jane, Har(+ re$ie# hea-i$+ on "rai"# "ha" ake hi# charac"er# #u)Aec" "o $arger #ocia$ !heno ena or %orce#* =n "he#e cha!"er#, %or e,a !$e, he e#"a)$i#he# "he e##en"ia$ con%$ic" )e"&een a &or$( arke( )+ "ra(i"ion7a# re!re#en"e( )+ Henchar(, &ho ha# no ean# o% #a$-aging a (a age( har-e#"7an( a &or$( arke( )+ !rogre##i-e an( #o e"i e# iracu$ou# o(ern e"ho(#* The "hir( eaning o% ?charac"er@ i# "he #ugge#"ion o% ora$ or e"hica$ #"reng"h, a# in "he no-e$.# #u)"i"$e> * %tory of a Man of Character# A$"hough "he narra"i-e "race# Henchar(.# %a$$ %ro grace an( #ocia$ re#!ec"a)i$i"+, i" !o#i"ion# hi , "i e an( again, a# a an o% ora$ in"egri"+ "hrough hi# $i i"$e## re#o$-e* The i(ea o% in"egri"+ ani%e#"# i"#e$% #e-era$ "i e# (uring "he #hor" (inner a" "he Iing.# Ar #* 4ir#", a# '$i0a)e"h;Jane no"ice#, Henchar(.# i# "he on$+ &ineg$a## a ong "he ce$e)ran"#. "o re ain e !"+* Thi# #i !$e (e"ai$ )a$ance# "he i age o% Henchar(, %or a$"hough he i# a an &ho#e "e !er

7
can $ea( hi "o ake ra#h (eci#ion# "ha" are a# un&i#e a# "he+ are unkin(, he i# a$#o a an o% e,ce!"iona$ re#o$-e an( a an &ho honor# "he -o&# 7no a""er ho& e,"re e7"ha" he ake#* The inci(en" in-o$-ing "he #a$e o% ?gro&n &hea"@ o%%er# a $ook in"o ano"her o% Henchar(.# in"ere#"ing o"i-e#* A %ru#"ra"e( ci"i0en.# :ue#"ioning o% Henchar( a# "o ho& he !$an# "o re!a+ "he -i$$ager# %or "he !a#" !oin"# "o Henchar(.# )igge#" an,ie"+> ho& "o ake a en(# %or !a#" &rong#* Henchar(.# ac"ion# in(ica"e "ha" he &on(er# i% "he i#"ake# o% "he !a#" can )e un(one, an( he hone# hi# re#o$-e %or "he !o##i)i$i"+ "ha" he a+ )e a)$e "o a"one %or i"* Bu", #"ricken )+ gui$", %ir#" )+ hi# #a$e o% hi# &i%e an( (augh"er an(, eigh"een +ear# $a"er, )+ "he #ugge#"ion o% #ha(+ )u#ine## (ea$ing#, Henchar( $ong# "o e,!unge "he (ark #!o"# %ro hi# !er#ona$ hi#"or+* Cha%ters 0//13 &#$$ary2 Cha%ter 0// Su#an an( '$i0a)e"h;Jane arri-e a" "he Three Mariner# =nn an( "ake a roo * 4earing "ha" "he acco o(a"ion# are "oo e,!en#i-e, ;'$i0a)e"h;Jane !er#ua(e# "he $an($a(+ "o a$$o& her "o &ork in e,change %or a ore a%%or(a)$e ra"e* The $an($a(+ a#k# her "o )ring "he Sco"ch gen"$e an hi# #u!!er* A%"er co !$e"ing her chore#, '$i0a)e"h;Jane "ake# a "ra+ o% %oo( "o Su#an* She %in(# Su#an ea-e#(ro!!ing on a con-er#a"ion in "he a(Aacen" roo , &hich i# occu!ie( )+ "he Sco"ch an* The a+or, Su#an re!or"#, i# con-er#ing &i"h "he +oung Sco"ch an* The &o en hear Henchar( a#k "he +oung an i% he i# Jo#hua Jo!!, &ho re!$ie( "o hi# a(-er"i#e en" %or a corn;%ac"or.# anager* The Sco"ch an announce# "ha" hi# na e i# Dona$( 4ar%rae an( "ha", &hi$e he "oo i# in "he corn "ra(e, he &ou$( no" ha-e re!$ie( "o "he a(-er"i#e en" )ecau#e he i# on hi# &a+ "o A erica* He "hen (e on#"ra"e# "o Henchar( "he e"ho( %or re#"oring gro&n &hea" (e#cri)e( in hi# no"e* When Henchar( o%%er# "o !a+ hi %or "hi# in%or a"ion, 4ar%rae re%u#e#* Henchar( o%%er# hi "he !o#i"ion o% anager o% "he corn )ranch o% hi# )u#ine##, )u" 4ar%rae (ec$ine#, in"en" on "ra-e$ing "o A erica* 4ar%rae in-i"e# Henchar( "o ha-e a (rink &i"h hi , )u" Henchar( con%e##e# hi# -o& "o a-oi( a$coho$ )ecau#e o% a #ha e%u$ inci(en" in hi# !a#"* &#$$ary2 Cha%ter 0/// A%"er Henchar( $ea-e#, 4ar%rae ring# %or #er-ice, an( '$i0a)e"h;Jane goe# "o "ake a&a+ hi# (inner "ra+* Once (o&n#"air#, #he !au#e# "o $i#"en "o "he u#ica$ en"er"ain en"* Soon, 4ar%rae Aoin# "he gue#"# an( &in# "he o-er )+ #inging a #ong a)ou" hi# ho e$an(* When "he+ $earn "ha" 4ar%rae i# Au#" !a##ing "hrough /a#"er)ri(ge, "he+ e,!re## "heir #orro& o-er $o#ing #uch a #ki$$e( #inger* Wa"ching %ro "he )ackgroun(, '$i0a)e"h;Jane "hink# "o her#e$% "ha" #he an( 4ar%rae are -er+ #i i$ar* She (eci(e# "ha" "he+ )o"h -ie& $i%e a# e##en"ia$$+ "ragic* A# 4ar%rae !re!are# "o re"ire "o )e(, "he $an($a(+ a#k# '$i0a)e"h;Jane "o go "o hi# roo an( "urn (o&n hi# )e(* Ha-ing co !$e"e( "hi# "a#k, #he !a##e# 4ar%rae on "he #"air#, an( he # i$e# a" her* Mean&hi$e, Henchar( re%$ec"# on hi# %on(ne## %or hi# ne& ac:uain"ance, "hinking "ha" he &ou$( ha-e o%%ere( 4ar%rae ?a "hir( #hare in "he )u#ine## "o ha-e #"a+e(*@ &#$$ary2 Cha%ter /3 The ne," orning, '$i0a)e"h;Jane o!en# her &in(o&# "o %in( Henchar( "a$king "o 4ar%rae* 4ar%rae "e$$# Henchar( "ha" he i# a)ou" "o $ea-e, an( "he+ (eci(e "o &a$k "oge"her "o "he e(ge o% "o&n* Su#an (eci(e# "o #en( '$i0a)e"h;Jane "o Henchar( &i"h a e##age* B!on arri-ing a" Henchar(.# hou#e, '$i0a)e"h;Jane i# #ur!ri#e( "o %in( 4ar%rae in Henchar(.# o%%ice* The narra"or e,!$ain# "ha" &hen "he "&o en reache( "he e(ge o% "o&n, Henchar( !er#ua(e( 4ar%rae "o #"a+ on an( &ork %or hi , "e$$ing "he +oung an "ha" he cou$( na e hi# o&n "er #* &#$$ary2 Cha%ter 3 Whi$e '$i0a)e"h;Jane &ai"# "o #!eak &i"h Henchar(, #he o-erhear# a con-er#a"ion in &hich Jo#hua Jo!! arri-e# "o acce!" "he !o#i"ion o% anager* Henchar( "e$$# Jo!! "ha" "he !o#" ha# a$rea(+ )een %i$$e(, an( Jo!! goe# a&a+ (i#a!!oin"e(* When '$i0a)e"h;Jane %ina$$+ ee"# Henchar(, #he (e$i-er# "he #i !$e e##age "ha" hi# re$a"i-e, Su#an, a #ai$or.# &i(o&, i# in "o&n* B!on hearing "hi# ne&#, Henchar( u#her# her in"o hi# (ining roo an( a#k# her #o e :ue#"ion# a)ou" her o"her* He "hen &ri"e# a no"e "o Su#an "e$$ing her "o ee" hi $a"er "ha" nigh", enc$o#e# %i-e guinea#, an( gi-e# i" "o '$i0a)e"h;Jane %or (e$i-er+* She )ring# "he no"e )ack "o Su#an, &ho (eci(e# "o ee" Henchar( a$one* 'nalysis2 Cha%ters 0//13 The !$ace en" o% rura$, agricu$"ura$ /a#"er)ri(ge on "he )or(er )e"&een anu%ac"uring an( agricu$"ura$ $i%e ake# i" "he i(ea$ #e""ing %or a #ho&(o&n )e"&een Michae$ Henchar( an( Dona$( 4ar%rae* '-en "hough "heir re$a"ion#hi! i#, a" "hi# !oin" in "he no-e$, arke( )+ #"rong u"ua$ a%%ec"ion, Har(+ !$an"# "he #ee(# o% "heir e-en"ua$ co !e"i"ion in "he#e ear$+ cha!"er#* When, in /ha!"er <==, 4ar%rae c$ai # "ha" he ha# ?#o e in-en"ion# u#e%u$ "o "he "ra(e, an( "here i# no #co!e %or (e-e$o!ing "he here,@ he #ugge#"# "ha" /a#;"er)rige i# no" on$+ a "o&n #"ra(($ing "he (i-i(e )e"&een ci"+ an( coun"r+ $i%e )u" a$#o )e"&een or"ho(o,+ an( o(erni"+ or "ra(i"ion an( !rogre##* /a#"er)ri(ge un(er Henchar(.# reign i# "oo re o"e an( "oo re o-e( %ro "he #cien"i%ic, #ocia$, an( "echno$ogica$ a(-ance en"# "ha" &ere #&ee!ing "hrough 'ng$an( (uring =n(u#"ria$ Re-o$u"ion in "he i(;nine"een"h cen"ur+ "o o%%er 4ar%rae "he ?#co!e@ he #eek#* =n(ee(, )e%ore 4ar%rae arri-e#, no one in /a#"er)ri(ge ha( e-er hear( o%7$e" a$one (e-e$o!e( an( !er%ec"e(7a e"ho( o% re#"oring ?gro&n &hea"*@ 4ar%rae )ring# &i"h hi ne& e"ho(# o% organi0ing an( running an agricu$"ura$ )u#ine##* Hi# (a00$ing a)i$i"ie#7"here i# "he #ugge#"ion o% #o e"hing iracu$ou# in hi# kno&$e(ge o% ho& "o "ran#%or (a age( grain in"o !a$a"a)$e )rea(7&ork "heir agic on Henchar( an(, $a"er, "he en"ire "o&n* Bu" "he (egree "o &hich Henchar( i# #ei0e( )+ a( ira"ion ha# ore "o (o &i"h "he na"ure o% hi# o&n charac"er "han "he :ua$i"+ o% 4ar%rae.# i !re##i-e an( o)#cure kno&$e(ge* Wha" a+ ini"ia$$+ a""rac" Henchar( "o 4ar%rae.# e"ho(# i# "he !ro i#e o% "ran#%or ing #o e"hing c$ear$+ (a age( in"o #a$-agea)$e goo(#, a !roce## "ha" Henchar( ho!e# "o a!!$+ "o hi# o&n $i%e in or(er "o a"one %or hi# #in#* A# i# e-i(en" in "he o!ening #cene in &hich he auc"ion# o%% hi# %a i$+, Henchar( i# ru$e( !ri ari$+ )+ hi# !a##ion#* Hi# ac"ion# %o$$o& %ro hi# e o"ion# ra"her "han %ro hi# rea#on or in"e$$ec", a# &hen, a%"er 4ar%rae #hare# "he #ecre" %or re#"oring (a age( grain, Henchar( o%%er# hi a Ao)* Such an ac"ion, in i"#e$%, a+ no" nece##ari$+ #ee o((, )u" Henchar(.# a( ira"ion %or 4ar%rae an( hi# (e"er ina"ion "o #ecure hi# e !$o+ en" #ee irra"iona$* =" har($+ #ee # !ru(en" %or a re#!ec"e( grain erchan" "o )e &i$$ing "o gi-e a&a+ one;"hir( o% hi# )u#ine## "o a an he har($+ kno&#* =% 4ar%rae re!re#en"# Henchar(.# o!!o#i"e in re$a"ion "o !rogre##, he a$#o e )o(ie# "he %$i! #i(e o% "he a+or.# !a##ion* 4ar%rae e erge# a# an e o"iona$$+ con#er-a"i-e an* A$"hough he !ro-e# a kin( an( a""en"i-e $i#"ener "o "he an+ "rou)$e# o% Henchar(.# hear", he ne-er i agine#

8
Henchar( "o )e hi# con%i(an"* Har(+ (oe# no" #ugge#" "ha" 4ar%rae i# &i"hou" #in or "rou)$e# )u", ra"her, "ha" he a!!roache# "he %ro a ore !rag a"ic !er#!ec"i-e* 4or e,a !$e, in /ha!"er <==, 4ar%rae #ing# a o-ing an( #en"i en"a$ "ri)u"e "o "he ho e$an( he ha# $e%" )ehin(* '-en "hough he %ee$# in"en#e no#"a$gia %or hi# ho e$an(, he a!!roache# "ha" e o"ion !rag a"ica$$+, a" "he #a e "i e un(er#"an(ing hi# o"i-a"ion# %or $ea-ing Sco"$an( )ehin(* =n "hi# &a+, Har(+ (ra&# a (i-i(ing $ine )e"&een "he "&o en* Wherea# Henchar( #"an(# %or "ra(i"ion an( un%e""ere( e o"ion#, 4ar%rae e )o(ie# !rogre## an( rea#on* =n "he#e cha!"er#, Har(+ u#e# !re#en";"en#e narra"ion "o #ugge#" "ha" "he narra"ion i# ha!!ening a" "he #a e "i e a# "he e-en"# i" (e#cri)e#, a #"+$e o% &ri"ing "ha" hearken# )ack "o eigh"een"h;;cen"ur+ no-e$#, #uch a# Henr+ 4ie$(ing.# Tom Jones an( 5aurence S"erne.# Tristram %handy# Har(+ $en(# hi# narra"i-e ore i e(iac+7?Whi$e '$i0a)e"h;Jane #i"# &ai"ing in grea" a a0e a" "he +oung an.# !re#ence &e a+ )rie%$+ e,!$ain ho& he ca e "here@7an( &e ge" "he #en#e "ha" &e are !ar"ici!a"ing in "he ac"ion an( "ha" "he e-en"# )eing (e#cri)e( are no" !ar" o% #o e (i#"an" !a#"* Cha%ters 3/13/0 &#$$ary2 Cha%ter 3/ Su#an ee"# Henchar( in "he Ring, ?one o% "he %ine#" Ro an A !hi"hea"re#, i% no" "he -er+ %ine#", re aining in Bri"ain*@ Henchar(.# %ir#" &or(# "o Su#an are "o a##ure her "ha" he no $onger (rink#* He a#k# &h+ #he ha# no" re"urne( )e%ore no&, an( #he re!$ie# "ha", #ince #he )e$ie-e( "he "er # o% her #a$e "o )e )in(ing, #he %e$" una)$e "o $ea-e Ne&#on un"i$ hi# (ea"h* The+ agree "ha" i" i# i !o##i)$e %or "he "o )egin $i-ing "oge"her a# "hough "he+ &ere #"i$$ arrie( )ecau#e o% Henchar(.# e#"i a)$e !o#i"ion in "he "o&n, a# &e$$ a# '$i0a)e"h;Jane.# ignorance o% "heir (i#honora)$e !a#"* Henchar( in#i#"# "ha" "he+ !rocee( &i"h cau"ion an( (e-i#e# a !$an> Su#an &i$$ "ake a co""age in "o&n a# "he Wi(o& Ne&#on an( a$$o& Henchar( "o cour" an( arr+ her, "here)+ re#"oring )o"h "heir arriage an( hi# ro$e a# '$i0a)e"h;Jane.# %a"her &i"hou" re-ea$ing "heir !a#"* &#$$ary2 Cha%ter 3// When Henchar( re"urn# ho e, he encoun"er# 4ar%rae #"i$$ a" &ork* He a#k# 4ar%rae "o $ea-e o%% &orking an( Aoin hi %or #u!!er* A# "he "&o en ea", Henchar( con%i(e# in 4ar%rae a)ou" hi# !re#en" #i"ua"ion* He (i#c$o#e# hi# re$a"ion#hi! &i"h Su#an, an( 4ar%rae re!$ie# "ha" "he on$+ #o$u"ion i# "o ake a en(# )+ $i-ing &i"h her a# hu#)an( an( &i%e* Henchar( re-ea$# "ha" he ha# )eco e in-o$-e( &i"h ano"her &o an in Jer#e+, &here he once "ra-e$e( on )u#ine##* He a((# "ha" "heir a%%air cau#e( :ui"e a #can(a$ in Jer#e+, %or &hich "he &o an #u%%ere( grea"$+* To ake a en(#, Henchar( !ro!o#e( "o her, on "he con(i"ion "ha" #he run "he ri#k o% hi# %ir#" &i%e )eing a$i-e* The &o an acce!"e(, )u" no& "ha" Su#an ha# re"urne( he regre"# "ha" he &i$$ ha-e "o (i#a!!oin" "he &o an in Jer#e+* 4ar%rae a##ure# hi "ha" "he #i"ua"ion canno" )e he$!e( an( o%%er# "o he$! Henchar( &ri"e a $e""er )reaking o%% re$a"ion# &i"h "he Jer#e+ &o an* &#$$ary2 Cha%ter 3/// Su#an ge"# e#"a)$i#he( in a co""age in "he "o&n, an( Henchar( )egin# "o -i#i" her ?&i"h )u#ine##;$ike (e"er ina"ion*@ Ru or# go aroun( "he "o&n concerning "he "&o o% "he , an( a &e((ing #oon %o$$o&#* &#$$ary2 Cha%ter 3/0 A%"er Su#an an( '$i0a)e"h;Jane o-e in &i"h Henchar(, '$i0a)e"h;Jane enAo+# a !eace o% in( "ha" ake# her ore )eau"i%u$* One (a+, Henchar( co en"# "ha" i" i# o(( "ha" '$i0a)e"h;Jane.# hair ha# $igh"ene( #ince #he &a# a )a)+* Su#an, &i"h ?an unea#+ e,!re##ion@ on her %ace, a##ure# hi "ha" no"hing i# a i##* Henchar( #a+# he &an"# "o ha-e '$i0a)e"h;Jane.# #urna e $ega$$+ change( %ro Ne&#on "o Henchar(, #ince #he i# ac"ua$$+ hi# (augh"er* Su#an !ro!o#e# "he change "o '$i0a)e"h;Jane, &ho, "hough re$uc"an", #a+# #he &i$$ con#i(er i"* When, $a"er "ha" (a+, '$i0a)e"h;Jane a#k# Henchar( i% he &i#he# "he change -er+ uch, Henchar( #a+# i" i# her (eci#ion* The a""er i# (ro!!e(, an( '$i0a)e"h;Jane re ain# Mi## Ne&#on* Mean&hi$e, Henchar(.# corn an( ha+ )u#ine## "hri-e# un(er 4ar%rae.# anage en", an( "he "&o en )eco e goo( %rien(#* ;'$i0a)e"h;Jane no"ice# "ha", &hen #he an( Su#an are ou" &a$king, 4ar%rae o%"en $ook# a" "he ?&i"h a curiou# in"ere#"*@ One (a+, ;'$i0a)e"h;Jane recei-e# a no"e a#king her "o co e "o a granar+ on a %ar a" &hich Henchar( ha# )een (oing )u#ine##* Thinking i" ha# #o e"hing "o (o &i"h Henchar(.# )u#ine##, '$i0a)e"h;Jane goe# "o "he %ar )u" %in(# no one "here* '-en"ua$$+, 4ar%rae arri-e#* When he re-ea$# a no"e #i i$ar "o '$i0a)e"h;Jane.#, "he+ (i#co-er "ha" nei"her o% "he &ro"e "o "he o"her* 4ar%rae "heori0e# "ha" #o eone &ho &i#he( "o #ee "he )o"h u#" ha-e )een !enne( "he no"e#, an( #o "he+ &ai" a $i""$e $onger* The+ e-en"ua$$+ (eci(e "ha" "hi# in(i-i(ua$ i# no" co ing, an( "he+ go ho e* 'nalysis2 Cha%ters 3/13/0 A# "he =n(u#"ria$ Re-o$u"ion #&e!" "hrough "he 'ng$i#h coun"r+#i(e, Har(+ &i"ne##e( (ra a"ic change#* =#o$a"e( agricu$"ura$ "o&n# $ike Har(+.# na"i-e Dorche#"er, &hich #er-e# a# a o(e$ %or "he %ic"iona$ /a#"er)ri(ge, &ere i u"a)$+ change( )+ a(-ance# in #cience an( "echno$og+* Thu#, Har(+.# o)#er-a"ion# o% "he "o&n.# uni:ue "o!ogra!h+ an( cu#"o #7"he "ha"che(;roo% co""age#, "he Ring, "he #ki ing"on ri(e (e#cri)e( in /ha!"er JJJ=J7)eco e a ean# o% !re#er-ing a (+ing cu$"ure* Har(+.# (e#cri!"ion o% "he Ring a$#o #er-e# a "he a"ic !ur!o#e, in &hich "he hi#"or+ o% "he arena #u!!or"# an( con%ir # "he no-e$.# un(enia)$+ )$eak &or$(-ie& o% "he ine-i"a)i$i"+ o% hu an #u%%ering* Ha-ing #er-e( a# a ga$$o&# %or grue#o e !u)$ic e,ecu"ion#, a# &e$$ a# "he #i"e o% coun"$e## ?!ugi$i#"ic encoun"er#,@ "he Ring ca#"# a %ore)o(ing #ha(o& o-er Henchar(.# ee"ing &i"h hi# %or er &i%e* Bu" "he Ring a$#o #"an(# a# a re nan" o% a cu$"ure "ha" no $onger e,i#"#, &hich, !erha!#, %ore#ha(o&# /a#"er)ri(ge.# i inen" o-e %or&ar( in"o a ore "echno$ogica$ %u"ure* Har(+ u#e# %ore#ha(o&ing $i)era$$+ "hroughou" The Mayor of Casterbridge# A !ri e e,a !$e occur# in /ha!"er J=<, &hen Su#an an( Henchar( (i#cu## "he co$or o% ;'$i0a)e"h;Jane.# hair* Henchar(.# in#i#"ence "ha" '$i0a)e"h;Jane.# hair ha# $igh"ene( (oe# a# uch "o #igna$ '$i0a)e"h;Jane.# (u)iou# !a"erni"+ a# Su#an.# ner-ou# reac"ion "o Henchar(.# in#i#"ence 8?She $ooke( #"ar"$e(, Aerke( her %oo" &arning$+@9* 4ur"her ore, "he narra"or co en"# "ha", &hen Henchar( !re##e# "he !oin", ?"he #a e unea#+ e,!re##ion * * * "o &hich "he %u"ure he$( "he ke+@ a!!ear# on '$i0a)e"h;Jane.# %ace* The#e (e"ai$# gra(ua$$+ )egin "o in(ica"e "ha" Henchar( #hou$( :ue#"ion hi# re$a"ion#hi! "o '$i0a)e"h;Jane* Here, Har(+.# "echni:ue (ra&# on "he "ra(i"ion# o% "he <ic"orian no-e$, &hich "en(e( "o %a-or e$a)ora"e$+ con#"ruc"e( !$o"# an( &ere o%"en !u)$i#he( in #eria$ in#"a$$ en"#* The Mayor of Casterbridge &a# %ir#" !u)$i#he( in &eek$+ in#"a$$ en"# in +ra!hic an( ,ar!er's -ee"ly aga0ine#* Thi# o(e o%

9
!u)$i#hing !re#en"e( au"hor# &i"h "he cha$$enge o% en"icing "heir rea(er# "o %o$$o& "he #"or+ an( !urcha#e i"# )a$ance in #u)#e:uen" i##ue#* 4ore#ha(o&ing &a# a %a-ore( au"horia$ "echni:ue u#e( "o kee! rea(er# in"rigue(* Thi# #ec"ion a$#o in"ro(uce# u# "o 5uce""a Te !$e an* A$"hough #he re ain# unna e(7in "he#e cha!"er# #he i# ere$+ "he &o an %ro Jer#e+ 7her !re#ence, in "he %or o% Henchar(.# con%i(ence "o 4ar%rae, in"ro(uce# one o% "he no-e$.# (o inan" "he e#, "he -a$ue o% a goo( na e* 5uce""a i# a &o an &ho#e na e an( re!u"a"ion ha-e )een ruine( )+ her re$a"ion#hi! "o Henchar(* She ha# #u%%ere( #can(a$ )ecau#e, in Henchar(.# e#"i a"ion, ?#he &a# "erri)$+ care$e## o% a!!earance#*@ =n o"her &or(#, #he ha# #ho&n $i""$e re#!ec" %or "he #ocia$ con-en"ion# "ha" (ee e( her )eha-ior ina!!ro!ria"e* 5uce""a.# ina""en"ion "o her goo( na e con"ra#"# &i"h "he care "ha" "he Henchar(# "ake in "heir re!u"a"ion#* When Su#an an( ;'$i0a)e"h;Jane arri-e in "o&n, %or e,a !$e, Su#an regre"# a$$o&ing her (augh"er "o (o chore# "o !a+ %or "heir roo , )ecau#e #he &an"# "o ain"ain an air o% re#!ec"a)i$i"+* Si i$ar$+, Henchar(.# o"i-a"ion# o%"en hinge u!on hi# (e#ire "o ain"ain a re#!ec"a)$e a!!earance an( "o kee! hi# na e in goo( #ocia$ #"an(ing* Henchar(.# (e#ire, a" "he en( o% /ha!"er J==, "o ? ake a en(# "o Su#an,@ #"e # $e## %ro a #en#e o% gui$" or horror a" hi# !a#" ac"ion# "han %ro "he nee( "o kee! hi# !o#i"ion# o% a+or, church&ar(en, an( %a"her "o '$i0a)e"h;Jane %ree %ro ?(i#grace*@ Cha%ters 30130/// .T/hey laid a sli!!ery !ole, with a live !ig # # # tied at the other end, to become the !ro!erty of the man who could wal" over and get it# '%ee Important Quotations Explained( &#$$ary2 Cha%ter 30 Henchar( an( 4ar%rae ha-e a :uarre$ o-er "he "rea" en" o% A)e$ Whi""$e, a an &ho i# con#i#"en"$+ $a"e %or hi# Ao) in Henchar(.# ha+;+ar(* When Whi""$e i# $a"e %or &ork "he (a+ a%"er Henchar( re!ri an(# hi %or hi# "ar(ine##, Henchar( goe# "o hi# hou#e, (rag# hi ou" o% )e(, an( #en(# hi "o &ork &i"hou" hi# )reeche#* When 4ar%rae #ee# Whi""$e, &ho c$ai # "ha" he &i$$ $a"er ki$$ hi #e$% ra"her "han )ear "hi# hu i$ia"ion, he "e$$# hi "o go ho e an( (re## !ro!er$+* Henchar( an( 4ar%rae con%ron" each o"her, an( 4ar%rae "hrea"en# "o $ea-e* The "&o en reconci$e, )u" Henchar(, u!#e" )+ 4ar%rae.# in#u)or(ina"ion, "hink# on hi &i"h ?(i (rea(@ an( regre"# ha-ing ?con%i(e( "o hi "he #ecre"# o% hi# $i%e*@ &#$$ary2 Cha%ter 30/ A %e#"i-a$ (a+ in ce$e)ra"ion o% a na"iona$ e-en" i# #ugge#"e( "o "he coun"r+ a" $arge, )u" /a#"er)ri(ge i# #$o& "o ake !$an#* One (a+, 4ar%rae a#k# Henchar( i% he can )orro& #o e &a"er!roo% c$o"h# "o organi0e a ce$e)ra"ion* Henchar( "e$$# hi he can ha-e a# an+ c$o"h# a# he &an"#* Henchar( i# in#!ire( "o !$an e-en"# %or "he ho$i(a+ an( )egin# "o organi0e a gran( en"er"ain en" on an e$e-a"e( green c$o#e "o "he "o&n* When "he (a+ o% "he %e#"i-a$ arri-e#, "he &ea"her i# o-erca#", an( i" rain# )+ i((a+* Henchar(.# ce$e)ra"ion i# ruine(, )u" 4ar%rae.#, &hich "ake# !$ace un(er a "en" he ha# ;ingeniou#$+ con#"ruc"e(, goe# o%% &i"hou" a hi"ch* Henchar( #ee# 4ar%rae a" "he cen"er o% a grea" )a$$, (ancing &i"h '$i0a)e"h;Jane* Dro inen" "o&n#!eo!$e "ea#e Henchar(, re arking "ha" 4ar%rae &i$$ #oon #ur!a## hi# a#"er* Henchar( re!$ie# "ha" no #uch "hing &i$$ ha!!en, #"a"ing "ha" 4ar%rae &i$$ #hor"$+ )e $ea-ing "he )u#ine##* &#$$ary2 Cha%ter 30// '$i0a)e"h;Jane regre"# "ha" #he ha# u!#e" Henchar( )+ (ancing &i"h 4ar%rae* She $ea-e# "he "en" an( #"an(# "hinking* A%"er a #hor" "i e, 4ar%rae Aoin# her "o #a+ "ha", &ere circu #"ance# (i%%eren", he &ou$( ha-e a#ke( her #o e"hing "ha" nigh"* He "e$$# her "ha" he i# "hinking o% $ea-ing /a#"er)ri(ge, an( #he #a+# "ha" #he &i#he# he &ou$( #"a+* 5a"er, #he i# re$ie-e( "o hear "ha" 4ar%rae ha# !urcha#e( a # a$$ corn an( ha+ )u#ine## o% hi# o&n in /a#"er)ri(ge* B!#e" )+ &ha" he "ake# "o )e 4ar%rae.# cou!, Henchar( re:ue#"# "ha" '$i0a)e"h;Jane )reak a$$ "ie# &i"h 4ar%rae an( #en(# a $e""er "o 4ar%rae a#king "he #a e %ro hi * '$i0a)e"h;Jane (u"i%u$$+ o)e+# Henchar( an( engage# in no %ur"her con"ac" &i"h 4ar%rae* A# 4ar%rae.# ne& )u#ine## gro&#, Henchar( )eco e# increa#ing$+ e )i""ere(* &#$$ary2 Cha%ter 30/// Su#an %a$$# i$$* Henchar( recei-e# a $e""er %ro 5uce""a Te !$e an, "he &o an %ro Jer#e+ &i"h &ho he &a# ha-ing an a%%air* =n i" #he #a+# "ha" #he honor# hi# (eci#ion "o re arr+ hi# %ir#" &i%e an( un(er#"an(# "he i !o##i)i$i"+ o% an+ %ur"her co unica"ion )e"&een "he * She a$#o re:ue#"# "ha" he re"urn "o her "he $o-e $e""er# #he ha# &ri""en hi * She #ugge#"# "ha" he (o her "hi# %a-or in !er#on an( announce# "ha" #he &i$$ )e on a coach !a##ing "hrough /a#"er)ri(ge* Henchar( goe# "o ee" "he coach, )u" 5uce""a i# no" "here* Mean&hi$e, Su#an ha# go""en &or#e* One nigh", #he a#k# ;'$i0a)e"h;Jane "o )ring her a !en an( !a!er* She &ri"e# a $e""er, &hich #he #ea$# an( ark#, ?Mr* Michae$ Henchar(* No" "o )e o!ene( "i$$ '$i0a)e"h;Jane.# &e((ing;(a+*@ Su#an a$#o a( i"# "o '$i0a)e"h;Jane "ha" i" &a# #he &ho &ro"e "he no"e# "ha" cau#e( '$i0a)e"h;Jane an( 4ar%rae "o ee" a" "he %ar , ho!ing "ha" "he "&o &ou$( %a$$ in $o-e an( arr+* Soon "herea%"er, Su#an (ie#* 4ar%rae hear# #o e o% "he o$( inha)i"an"# o% "he -i$$age (i#cu##ing her (ea"h* One -i$$ager, Mo"her /u,#o , re$a"e# "ha" Su#an ha( $ai( ou" a$$ "he nece##ar+ !re!ara"ion# %or her )uria$, inc$u(ing %our !ennie# %or &eighing (o&n her e+e#* A%"er Su#an i# )urie(, /hri#"o!her /one+, a !oor "o&n# an, (ig# u! her )o(+ "o re"rie-e "he !ennie#, arguing "ha" (ea"h #hou$( no" ro) $i%e o% %our!ence* Farfrae's character was $ust the reverse of ,enchard's, who might not ina!tly be described as Faust has been described# # # # '%ee Important Quotations Explained( 'nalysis2 Cha%ters 30130/// =% "here i# a ain argu en" in The Mayor of Casterbridge, Har(+ #"a"e# i" i !$ici"$+ in /ha!"er J<==, &here he #ugge#"# "ha" ?EcFharac"er i# 4a"e*@ The#e cha!"er# (o uch "o #u!!or" "he no"ion "ha" one.# !er#ona$i"+ (e"er ine# "he cour#e o% one.# $i%e7"he+ con"ain a "urning !oin" "ha" hinge# u!on Henchar(.# (i#!o#i"ion* =" i# c$ear "ha" Henchar(.# e o"ion# (o ina"e hi# $i%e an( "en( "o (e"er ine hi# ac"ion#* When he en"er# in"o hi# %rien(#hi! &i"h 4ar%rae, %or in#"ance, he (oe# #o &ho$ehear"e($+* =" i# no" un"i$ "heir re$a"ion#hi! )egin# "o #our7%ir#" a# a re#u$" o% "heir (i#agree en" o-er A)e$ Whi""$e an( $a"er a# a re#u$" o% Henchar(.# %ai$e( ce$e)ra"ion7"ha" Henchar(.# e o"iona$ in-o$-e en" &i"h an( (e(ica"ion "o a an he har($+ kno&# #ee # reck$e##* Thi# charac"eri#"ic e,"re i"+ o% e o"ion #ha!e# "he cour#e o% Henchar(.# $i%e* Ju#" a# hi#

10
e,ce!"iona$ gui$" o-er i#"rea"ing Su#an $ea(# hi a co !e"i"ion "ha" he canno" &in* "o arr+ %or "he #econ( "i e a &o an he (oe# no" $o-e, hi# Aea$ou#+ o% 4ar%rae %orce# hi in"o

=n "er # o% "heir e o"iona$ -u$nera)i$i"+, )o"h '$i0a)e"h;Jane an( 4ar%rae #"an( a# coun"er!oin"# "o Henchar(* Their reac"ion# "o Henchar(.# re:ue#" "ha" "he+ no $onger #ee one ano"her ark "he a# )eing# ru$e( )+ #o e"hing o"her "han %ee$ing* 6i-en "heir u"ua$ a%%ec"ion, "heir &i$$ingne## "o agree "o Henchar(.# (e an( &i"hou" #o uch a# a &or( o% !ro"e#" #ee # o((* O% cour#e, i" i# !o##i)$e "ha" 4ar%rae.# re#!ec" %or Henchar(.# &i#he# ake# hi no)$e 8$a"er, &hi$e re e )ering Henchar(.# ini"ia$ kin(ne## "o&ar( hi , 4ar%rae re%er# "o hi# $o+a$"+ "o Henchar(9* Bu" 4ar%rae.# )eha-ior a$#o re-ea$# hi# (i#"ance %ro !a##iona"e e o"ion* Si i$ar$+, '$i0a)e"h;Jane e erge# a# a #"u(+ in e o"iona$ o(era"ion* 5ike 4ar%rae, #he )o&# "o Henchar(.# &i#h &i"hou" o)Aec"ion* Har(+ enca!#u$a"e# her charac"er )ri$$ian"$+ in "he o!ening !a##age o% /ha!"er J<, in &hich #he care%u$$+ con#"ruc"# an ou"%i" #o a# no" "o a!!ear "oo ar"%u$ or e,ce##i-e* Her )eha-ior here #er-e# a# an i !or"an" con"ra#" "o "ha" o% 5uce""a, &ho#e e-en"ua$ o#"en"a"iou# a!!earance a"che# "he e,ce## o% her e o"ion#* The c$o#ing #cene o% /ha!"er J<=== ake# u#e o% a #econ(ar+ ca#" o% charac"er# "ha" a!!ear# "hroughou" "he no-e$* The#e charac"er# re#e )$e an( #er-e a %unc"ion #i i$ar "o "ha" o% Shake#!eare.# ru#"ic# in * Midsummer 0ight's Dream)"he )an( o% cru(e, une(uca"e( !ea#an"# charge( &i"h "he re#!on#i)i$i"+ o% !ro-i(ing co ic re$ie%* Wi"h "heir co$or%u$ (ia$ec", "he cre& o% Nance Mockri(ge an( /hri#"o!her /one+ cer"ain$+ (o $igh"en "he "one o% Har(+.# "rage(+, )u" "he !ea#an"# a$#o #er-e a# a 6reek choru#, in "ha" "he+ a!!ear on "he #cene "o Au(ge "he ac"ion o% "he !ri ar+ charac"er# an( co en" on "he &or$( a" $arge* A$"hough /hri#"o!her /one+.# in#i#"ence "ha" (ea"h #hou$( no" ro) $i%e o% %our !ennie# i# co ica$, i" a$#o !oin"# "o "he -a#" an( !ro%oun( na"ure o% hu an #u%%ering a# re%$ec"e( in "he#e inor charac"er#. !o-er"+ an( (ri-e "o #"ea$* Cha%ters 3/3133// &#$$ary2 Cha%ter 3/3 One nigh", a)ou" "hree &eek# a%"er Su#an.# (ea"h, Henchar( (eci(e# "o "e$$ '$i0a)e"h;Jane "he "ru"h a)ou" "he re$a"ion#hi! )e"&een hi an( her o"her* Henchar( (oe# no" a( i" "ha" he #o$( "he !air, )u" he (oe# "e$$ '$i0a)e"h;Jane "ha" he i# her %a"her an( "ha", (uring ;'$i0a)e"h;Jane.# chi$(hoo(, he an( her o"her each "hough" "he o"her (ea(* Henchar( a#k# '$i0a)e"h;Jane "o (ra& u! a !aragra!h %or "he ne&#!a!er announcing "ha" #he &i$$ change her na e "o Henchar( an( "hen $ea-e# her a$one "o co$$ec" her "hough"#* He goe# u!#"air# "o #earch %or #o e (ocu en"# "o !ro-e hi# re$a"ion#hi! "o '$i0a)e"h;Jane an( (i#co-er# "he $e""er "ha" Su#an &ro"e )e%ore her (ea"h* De#!i"e "he re:ue#" "o $ea-e "he $e""er unrea( un"i$ '$i0a)e"h;Jane.# &e((ing;(a+, Henchar( o!en# i" an( $earn# "ha" '$i0a)e"h;Jane i# no", in %ac", hi# (augh"er* The $e""er in%or # hi "ha" hi# chi$( (ie( #hor"$+ a%"er he an( hi# %a i$+ !ar"e( &a+# an( "ha" "he +oung &o an he ha# &e$co e( in"o hi# ho e i# ac"ua$$+ "he (augh"er o% "he #ai$or &ho !urcha#e( Su#an a" We+(on;Drior#* =n "he orning, '$i0a)e"h;Jane co e# "o Henchar( an( "e$$# hi "ha" #he no& in"en(# "o $ook u!on hi a# her "rue %a"her* Henchar(.# (i#co-er+ o% "he nigh" )e%ore ren(er# her acce!"ance o% hi )i""er#&ee", )u" he (eci(e# no" "o "rau a"i0e '$i0a)e"h;Jane %ur"her &i"h "hi# a((i"iona$ #ur!ri#e* &#$$ary2 Cha%ter 33 Though '$i0a)e"h;Jane con"inue# "o $i-e un(er hi# roo%, Henchar( )eco e# increa#ing$+ co$( an( (i#"an" "o&ar( her* He cri"ici0e# her coun"r+ (ia$ec", "e$$ing her "ha" #uch $anguage ake# her ?on$+ %i" "o carr+ &a#h "o a !ig;"rough,@ an( (e#cri)e# her han(&ri"ing a# unre%ine( an( un&o an$+* One a%"ernoon, Henchar( re!ri an(# ;'$i0a)e"h;Jane %or )ringing Nance Mockri(ge, one o% "he &orker# in hi# ha+;+ar(, #o e )rea( an( chee#e* When Nance o-erhear# Henchar( in#u$" her charac"er, #he "e$$# Henchar( "ha" '$i0a)e"h;Jane ha# &ai"e( on &or#e %or hire* '$i0a)e"h; Jane con%ir # "ha" #he once &orke( a" "he Three Mariner# =nn, $ea-ing Henchar( #hocke( an( a%rai( "ha" '$i0a)e"h;Jane ha# co !ro i#e( hi# re!u"a"ion "hrough her enia$ $a)or* One orning, on her &a+ "o -i#i" Su#an.# gra-e, '$i0a)e"h;Jane #ee# a &e$$;(re##e( $a(+ #"u(+ing Su#an.# "o )#"one* =n"rigue(, '$i0a)e"h;Jane &on(er# &ho #he i# an( "hink# a)ou" her on "he &a+ ho e* Mean&hi$e, Henchar(.# "er a# a+or i# a)ou" "o en(, an( he $earn# "ha" he &i$$ no" )e na e( one o% "he "o&n.# a$(er en* =n $igh" o% "hi# %ac", he )eco e# e-en ore anno+e( "ha" '$i0a)e"h;Jane &a# once a #er-an" a" "he Three Mariner# =nn* Henchar( i# %ur"her rank$e( &hen he $earn# "ha" #he #er-e( Dona$( 4ar%rae* /on#i(ering '$i0a)e"h;Jane a )ur(en o% &hich he &ou$( $ike "o ri( hi #e$%, Henchar( &ri"e# "o 4ar%rae &i"h(ra&ing hi# (i#a!!ro-a$ o% "heir cour"#hi!* The ne," (a+, '$i0a)e"h;Jane ee"# "he &e$$;(re##e( $a(+ in "he church+ar(* A# "he+ "a$k, '$i0a)e"h;Jane re-ea$# "ha" #he i# no" en"ire$+ ha!!+ &i"h her %a"her* The $a(+ a#k# i% '$i0a)e"h;Jane &i$$ co e $i-e &i"h her a# a co !anion, e,!$aining "ha" #he i# a)ou" "o o-e in"o High;D$ace Ha$$, near "he cen"er o% /a#"er)ri(ge* ;'$i0a)e"h;Jane g$a($+ agree#, an( "he $a(+ arrange# "o ee" her again in a &eek* &#$$ary2 Cha%ter 33/ During "he ne," &eek, '$i0a)e"h;Jane &a$k# )+ High;D$ace Ha$$ an+ "i e# an( "hink# a)ou" &ha" i" &i$$ )e $ike "o $i-e "here* One (a+, &hi$e $ooking a" "he hou#e, #he hear# #o eone a!!roaching an( hi(e#* Henchar( en"er# "he hou#e &i"hou" no"icing or )eing no"ice( )+ '$i0a)e"h;Jane* 5a"er "ha" (a+, '$i0a)e"h;Jane a#k# Henchar( i% he ha# an+ o)Aec"ion "o her $ea-ing hi# hou#e* He an#&er# "ha" he ha# no o)Aec"ion# &ha"#oe-er an( e-en o%%er# "o gi-e her an a$$o&ance* The a!!oin"e( (a+ %or '$i0a)e"h;Jane.# ee"ing &i"h "he &e$$;(re##e( $a(+ arri-e#, an( #he goe# "o "he church+ar( a# !$anne(* The $a(+ i# "here an( in"ro(uce# her#e$% a# Mi## Te !$e an* She "e$$# '$i0a)e"h;Jane "ha" #he can Aoin her a" High;D$ace Ha$$ i e(ia"e$+, an( '$i0a)e"h;Jane ru#he# ho e "o !ack her "hing#* Wa"ching her, Henchar( regre"# hi# "rea" en" o% '$i0a)e"h;Jane an( a#k# her "o #"a+* Bu" #he canno", #he #a+#, #ince #he i# on her &a+ "o High;D$ace Ha$$, $ea-ing Henchar( (u )%oun(e(* &#$$ary2 Cha%ter 33// 455 The narra"or #hi%"# )ack "o "he nigh" !rior "o '$i0a)e"h;Jane.# (e!ar"ure, &hen Henchar( recei-e# a $e""er %ro 5uce""a announcing "ha" #he ha# o-e( "o /a#"er)ri(ge an( &i$$ "ake u! re#i(ence a" High;D$ace Ha$$* He "hen recei-e# ano"her $e""er, #hor"$+ a%"er '$i0a)e"h;Jane $ea-e#, in &hich 5uce""a a#k# hi "o ca$$ on her* He goe# "ha" nigh" )u" i# "o$( "ha" #he i# )u#+, "hough #he &ou$( )e ha!!+ "o #ee hi "he ne," (a+* B!#e" )+ "hi#

11
re)u%%, he re#o$-e# no" "o -i#i" her* The ne," (a+, 5uce""a &ai"# e,!ec"an"$+ %or Henchar( an( i# ;(i#a!!oin"e( &hen he (oe# no" co e* Whi$e #he &ai"#, #he an( ;'$i0a)e"h;Jane $ook ou" on "he arke" an( (i#cu## "he "o&n an( i"# inha)i"an"#* Se-era$ (a+# !a## &i"hou" a -i#i" %ro Henchar(* Three (a+# $a"er, 5uce""a co en"# "o '$i0a)e"h;Jane "ha" Henchar( a+ co e "o -i#i" her 8'$i0a)e"h;Jane9* '$i0a)e"h;Jane "e$$# 5uce""a "ha" #he (oe# no" )e$ie-e he &i$$, )ecau#e "he+ ha-e :uarre$e( "oo uch* 5uce""a "hen (eci(e# "o #en( '$i0a)e"h;Jane on #o e u#e$e## erran(# an( :uick$+ &ri"e# a $e""er "o Henchar( #a+ing "ha" #he ha# #en" '$i0a)e"h;Jane a&a+ an( a#king hi "o -i#i"* A -i#i"or %ina$$+ arri-e#, )u" &hen he en"er# 5uce""a #ee# "ha" he i# no" Henchar(* 'nalysis2 Cha%ters 3/3133// The !re#ence o% #e-era$ e,"re e$+ un$ike$+ coinci(ence# in "he#e cha!"er# un(er#core# "he %ac" "ha" The Mayor of Casterbridge (oe# no" a""e !" "o !or"ra+ rea$i"+* '-en )e%ore "hi# #ec"ion o% "he no-e$, a nu )er o% ra"her %an"a#"ic occurrence# ha-e accu u$a"e(> no" on$+ (oe# Henchar( #e$$ hi# &i%e an( (augh"er, )u" Su#an ha!!en# "o co e u!on "he %ur i"+;&o an &ho no" on$+ ha# &i"ne##e( "he e-en" o% eigh"een +ear# ago )u" a$#o re e )er# "ha" Henchar( $e%" %or /a#"er)ri(ge, &here he #"i$$ ha!!en# "o $i-e* The an+ coinci(ence# in Henchar(.# $i%e #er-e an i !or"an" %unc"ion in "ha" "he+ con%ir Har(+.# )$eak conce!"ion o% "he &or$(* =n each o% hi# aAor no-e$#, Har(+ ake# hi# charac"er# #u%%er in un)eara)$e circu #"ance# an(, a# a re#u$", $earn "heir "rue !$ace in "he uni-er#e* A# he )egin# "o $o#e "he co %or"# an( !o#i"ion o% a+or an( )u#ine## an, Henchar( o-e# ore #"ea(i$+ "o&ar( an un(er#"an(ing o% $i%e.# har#hne##* =n /ha!"er J=J, he u#e#, ?= a "o #u%%er, = !ercei-e* Thi# uch #courging, "hen, i# i" %or eK@ a""e !"ing "o un(er#"an( "he rea$i"+ o% hi# e o"iona$ !ain* A# $i%e !re#en"# un!$ea#an" o)#"ac$e#, Henchar( )eco e# con-ince( "here i# ?#o e #ini#"er in"e$$igence )en" on !uni#hing@ hi * Hi# acce!"ance o% #u%%ering7? i#er+ "augh" hi no"hing ore "han (e%ian" en(urance o% i"@7i$$u#"ra"e# hi# )$eak an( %a"a$i#"ic ou"$ook* The "&i#"# an( "urn# o% "he no-e$.# !$o", each o% &hich #er-e# "o "igh"en "he #cre&# on Henchar(.# i#er+, (eri-e %ro Har(+.# )e$ie% "ha" "he uni-er#e i# (e#igne( "o crea"e hu an #u%%ering* Becau#e "hi# !hi$o#o!h+ (o ina"e# "he no-e$, The Mayor of Casterbridge i# a !ri e e,a !$e o% na"ura$i#"ic &ri"ing* Thi# #choo$ o% &ri"ing, !re-a$en" in "he $a"e nine"een"h cen"ur+, #ough" "o ren(er or(inar+ $i%e* Accor(ing "o "he na"ura$i#" no-e$i#" 4rank Norri#, i" concen"ra"e# on ?"he # a$$er (e"ai$# o% e-er+(a+ $i%e, "hing# "ha" are $ike$+ "o ha!!en )e"&een $unch an( #u!!er*@ Na"ura$i# (e#cri)e# "he (e"ai$# o% e-er+(a+ $i%e )u" (oe# #o accor(ing "o "he !hi$o#o!hica$ "ene"# o% determinism, "he )e$ie% "ha" hu an )eing# are #ha!e( )+ "he %orce# "ha" o!era"e on "he * /er"ain$+ "he#e %orce#7&he"her "he+ are "he &orking# o% %a"e or #ocia$ con-en"ion#7are "he %or # o% ?#ini#"er in"e$$igence@ "ha" Henchar( )e$ie-e# are )en" on ;!uni#hing hi * Cha%ters 33///1330/ &#$$ary2 Cha%ter 33/// 456 5uce""a in-i"e# 4ar%rae, &ho ha# co e $ooking %or '$i0a)e"h;Jane, "o #i" (o&n* The "&o "a$k an( &a"ch "he )u#"$ing arke"!$ace %ro 5uce""a.# &in(o&* The+ &i"ne## a %ar er nego"ia"ing "he e !$o+ en" o% an o$( #he!her(* The %ar er re%u#e# "o "ake "he o$( an i% hi# #on i# no" !ar" o% "he )argain, )u" "he +oung an i# he#i"an" "o go, %or i" ean# $ea-ing )ehin( "he gir$ he $o-e#* Touche( )+ "hi# #cene, 4ar%rae goe# ou" an( hire# "he +oung an #o "ha" he can re ain c$o#e "o hi# $o-e* Minu"e# a%"er 4ar%rae $ea-e#, Henchar( arri-e#, )u" 5uce""a ha# her ai( "e$$ Henchar( "ha" #he ha# a hea(ache an( (oe# no" &i#h "o #ee hi "ha" (a+* &#$$ary2 Cha%ter 33/0 '$i0a)e"h;Jane enAo+# $i-ing &i"h 5uce""a, an( "he (a+# !a## !$ea#an"$+ %or )o"h* One (a+, "he+ $ook ou" "heir &in(o& a" "he arke" an( #ee "he (e on#"ra"ion o% a ?ne&;%a#hione( agricu$"ura$ i !$e en"*@ When "he+ go ou" "o "ake a c$o#er $ook a" i", "he+ ee" Henchar(, &ho ri(icu$e# "he achine* '$i0a)e"h;Jane in"ro(uce# hi "o 5uce""a, )u" a# he "urn# "o $ea-e #he "hink# #he hear# hi accu#e ;5uce""a o% re%u#ing "o #ee hi * '$i0a)e"h;Jane.# #u#!icion# are arou#e(, )u" #he (eci(e# "ha" #he u#" ha-e hear( ;Henchar( incorrec"$+* 4ar%rae a!!ear# an( !rai#e# "he u#e%u$ne## o% "he ne& achine* '$i0a)e"h;Jane &on(er# a)ou" Henchar(.# %a i$iari"+ &i"h 5uce""a )u" #oon $earn# "ha" "he+ ha-e e" !re-iou#$+ an( "ha" 5uce""a i# in"ere#"e( in 4ar%rae* One (a+, 5uce""a "e$$# '$i0a)e"h;Jane a #"or+* /$ai ing "o #eek a(-ice %or a ?%rien(,@ #he re$a"e# her !re#en" #i"ua"ion &i"h Henchar( an( 4ar%rae* '$i0a)e"h;Jane i# no" %oo$e( )+ "he c$ai "ha" "he #"or+ i# a)ou" a %rien( an( "e$$# 5uce""a "ha" #he canno" gi-e an o!inion on #uch a (i%%icu$" #u)Aec"* &#$$ary2 Cha%ter 330 457 4ar%rae con"inue# "o ca$$ on 5uce""a &i"h increa#ing %re:uenc+* One (a+, &hi$e '$i0a)e"h;Jane i# ou", Henchar( ca$$# on 5uce""a an( "e$$# her "ha" he i# rea(+ %or "he "o )e arrie(* He c$ai # "ha" he i# (oing her a %a-or )+ aking ?an hone#" !ro!o#a$ %or #i$encing EherF Jer#e+ ene ie#,@ )u" 5uce""a re#i#"#* She re%u#e# "o )e a #$a-e "o "he !a#" an( (e%ian"$+ c$ai #, ?=.$$ $o-e &here = choo#eH@ &#$$ary2 Cha%ter 330/ Henchar( an( 4ar%rae ee" one (a+ &hi$e &a$king, an( Henchar( a#k# "he +ounger an i% he reca$$# "he #"or+ o% "he &o an %ro Jer#e+ &ho he ga-e u! in or(er "o re arr+ hi# %ir#" &i%e* He "e$$# 4ar%rae "ha" "he Jer#e+ &o an no& re%u#e# "o arr+ hi , an( 4ar%rae #"a"e# "ha" Henchar( ha# no %ur"her o)$iga"ion "o her* 5a"er, Henchar( -i#i"# 5uce""a an( a#k# i% #he kno&# 4ar%rae* She #a+# "ha" #he (oe#, )u" #he (o&n!$a+# "he #igni%icance o% her re!$+ )+ c$ai ing "o kno& a$ o#" e-er+one in /a#"er)ri(ge* Ju#" "hen, #o eone knock# a" "he (oor, an( 4ar%rae en"er#* Henchar( "hu# )egin# "o #u#!ec" "ha" 4ar%rae i# hi# ri-a$ %or 5uce""a.# a%%ec"ion#* Henchar( (eci(e# "o hire Jo#hua Jo!!, "he an &ho#e anageria$ !o#i"ion he ha( ear$ier gi-en "o 4ar%rae* He "e$$# Jo!! "ha" hi# !ri ar+ o)Aec"i-e i# "o cu" 4ar%rae ou" o% "he corn an( ha+ )u#ine##* =n or(er "o (i#cern har-e#" con(i"ion#, Henchar( con#u$"# a an kno&n a# a ?%oreca#"er@ or &ea"her !ro!he"* Thi# an !re(ic"# "ha" "he har-e#" &i$$ )ring rain, #o Henchar(, "ru#"ing "ha" "he u!co ing cro! &i$$ )e )a(, )u+# a $arge :uan"i"+ o% corn* When har-e#" co e#, ho&e-er, "he &ea"her i# %air an( "he cro! i# goo(, &hich cau#e# !rice# "o %a$$* Henchar( $o#e# one+ an( %ire# Jo#hua Jo!!*

12

'nalysis2 Cha%ters 33///1330/ The cha!"er# in "hi# #ec"ion %ore"e$$ "he "ran#i"ion o% a :uain" ;/a#"er)ri(ge "ha" #"an(# i#o$a"e( %ro o(ern "i e# in"o a ore in(u#"ria$i0e(, econo ica$$+ -ia)$e "o&n* Bn(er Henchar(.# reign a# a+or, "he "o&n (oe# no" %$ouri#hC ra"her, i" ere$+, $ike Henchar(, en(ure#* =n(ee(, &hen "he no-e$ o!en#, "he ci"i0en# %in( "he #e$-e# in (ire #"rai"# o-er a (a age( cro!* Wi"hou" 4ar%rae "o in"ro(uce "he o(ern e"ho( )+ &hich gro&n &hea" can )e re#"ore(, one i agine# "ha" "he !eo!$e o% /a#"er)ri(ge &ou$( ha-e con"inue( "o #u%%er &i"h "heir hunger an( "ha" Henchar( &ou$( ha-e #ough" in -ain %or a &a+ "o ake a en(#* Bu" a# Henchar( %a$$#, #o "oo (o "he !ro-er)ia$ &a$$# "ha" kee! !rogre## an( ; o(erni"+ a" )a+* Har(+ u#e# Henchar(.# re$iance on "he ou"(a"e( &ea"her !ro!he" "o enca!#u$a"e a %a(ing, )+gone era* =n "he %ace o% !rogre##7e )o(ie( )+ 4ar%rae in hi# re$iance on an( %on(ne## %or o(ern achiner+7Henchar( canno" co !e"e* A$"hough "he no-e$ !roc$ai # i"#e$%, in i"# #u)"i"$e, * %tory of a Man of Character an(, a# #uch, concen"ra"e# !ri ari$+ on ;Henchar(, "he#e cha!"er# !ro-i(e u# &i"h a keener un(er#"an(ing o% 4ar%rae, '$i0a)e"h;Jane, an( 5uce""a* =n an+ &a+#, 5uce""a ;Te !$e an #ee # %a i$iar* 5ike Henchar(, #he i# ru$e( )+ her !a##ion#* Ju#" a# #he once re%u#e( "o concea$ her a%%air &i"h Henchar( "o #ecure her goo( na e in Jer#e+, #he no& re%u#e# "o )o& "o hi# &hi # or hi# "hrea"# an( arr+ hi again#" her &i$$* =n her (ec$ara"ion "ha" #he &i$$ $o-e &ho e-er #he choo#e#, &e recogni0e "he #a e #or" o% )$in( re#o$-e "ha" !o##e##e# an( o%"en i#$ea(# Henchar(* Bu" 5uce""a (i%%er# %ro her e,;$o-er in a crucia$ re#!ec"> #he re%u#e# "o en#$a-e her#e$% "o "he !a#"* She recogni0e# no o)$iga"ion#, %ee$# no co !u$#ion "o&ar( #e$%;#acri%ice, an( -oice# no (e#ire "o ake a en(#* Tha" Henchar( (oe# o)$ige hi #e$% "o righ" !a#" &rong# an( #o &i$$ing$+ %$a+# hi #e$% %or hi# #in# #e"# hi a!ar"* =n(ee(, i" i# "hi# (e#ire "o un(o "he !a#", regar($e## o% &ha" i" ean# %or hi# !re#en" or %u"ure $i%e, "ha" ake# Henchar( a an o% charac"er an( !ro-e# "he rari"+ an( &or"h o% hi# ora$ %i)er* Whi$e Henchar( an( 5uce""a ha-e #i i$ar ca!aci"ie# %or e o"iona$ -u$nera)i$i"+, 4ar%rae an( '$i0a)e"h;Jane #"an( a# "heir o!!o#i"e#* Throughou" "he no-e$, "he#e "&o (e on#"ra"e a "en(enc+ %or #en"i en"a$i"+74ar%rae #ing# #a( #ong# o% "he ho e$an( he i##e#, %or e,a !$e, an( '$i0a)e"h; Jane !ine# %or Henchar(.# $o-e an( a""en"ion7)u" )o"h are ca!a)$e o% a curiou# e o"iona$ (e"ach en" "ha" #ugge#"# "he+ are ru$e( )+ "heir hea(# ra"her "han "heir hear"#* =n a""er# o% $o-e, %or in#"ance, 4ar%rae !ro-e# hi #e$% ra"her !a##ion$e##* He re#u e# cour"#hi! o% '$i0a)e"h;Jane a# :uick$+ an( &i"h a# $i""$e cere on+ a# he a)an(on# i", &hich ake# hi# o"i-a"ion #ee ore a a""er o% &i#e )u#ine##, #uch a# an a$$iance &i"h Henchar( "hrough arriage, "han !er#ona$ (e#ire* The #a e igh" )e #ai( o% '$i0a)e"h;Jane, &ho acce!"# "he (a&ning kno&$e(ge o% 5uce""a.# a%%air &i"h 4ar%rae, "he an #he #u!!o#e($+ $o-e#, #"oica$$+* Cha%ters 330//1333 &#$$ary2 Cha%ter 330// 4 58 Whi$e corn !rice# are $o&, 4ar%rae )u+# a $arge a oun" o% corn, an( "he &ea"her #u((en$+ "urn# !oor again, cau#ing "he har-e#" "o )e $e## #ucce##%u$ "han !re(ic"e(* 4ar%rae !ro#!er# a# "he corn !rice# ri#e, an( Henchar( $a en"# hi# ri-a$.# #ucce##* One nigh", one o% 4ar%rae.# &agoner# an( one o% Henchar(.# co$$i(e in "he #"ree" in %ron" o% High;D$ace Ha$$* Henchar( i# #u one( "o #e""$e "he (i#!u"e* 5uce""a an( '$i0a)e"h;Jane "e#"i%+ "ha" Henchar(.# an &a# in "he &rong, )u" Henchar(.# an ain"ain# "ha" "he#e "&o canno" )e "ru#"e( )ecau#e ?a$$ "he &o en #i(e &i"h 4ar%rae*@ A%"er "he con%$ic" i# re#o$-e(, Henchar( ca$$# on 5uce""a an( i# "o$( "ha" #he canno" #ee hi )ecau#e #he ha# an a!!oin" en"* He hi(e# ou"#i(e her (oor an( #ee# 4ar%rae ca$$ %or her* A# "he cou!$e $ea-e %or a &a$k, Henchar( %o$$o&# "he an( ea-e#(ro!# on "heir (ec$ara"ion# o% $o-e* When 5uce""a re"urn# "o High;D$ace Ha$$, Henchar( #ur!ri#e# her "here* He "hrea"en# "o re-ea$ "heir !a#" in"i ac+ un$e## #he agree# "o arr+ hi * Wi"h '$i0a)e"h;Jane a# a &i"ne##, #he agree# "o (o #o* &#$$ary2 Cha%ter 330/// The ne," (a+, Henchar( goe# "o To&n Ha$$ "o !re#i(e o-er a ca#e 8he re"ain# hi# !o#i"ion a# a agi#"ra"e %or one +ear a%"er )eing a+or9* There i# on$+ one ca#e "o )e hear(7"ha" o% an o$( &o an accu#e( o% (i#or(er$+ con(uc"* The con#"a)$e "e#"i%ie# "ha" "he &o an in#u$"e( hi , an( "he &o an in"erru!"# an+ "i e# (uring hi# "e#"i on+ &i"h o)Aec"ion#* 4ina$$+, "he &o an i# gran"e( "he o!!or"uni"+ "o o%%er her (e%en#e* She recoun"# "he #"or+ o% an e-en" "ha" ha!!ene( "&en"+ +ear# ago* She &a# a %ur i"+; erchan" a" a %air in We+(on;Drior# an( &i"ne##e( a an #e$$ hi# &i%e "o a #ai$or %or %i-e guinea#* She i(en"i%ie# Henchar( a# "he gui$"+ !ar"+ an( a#k# ho& #uch a an can #i" in Au(g en" o% her* The c$erk (i# i##e# "he #"or+ a# ere %a)rica"ion, )u" Henchar( a( i"# i"# "ru"h an( $ea-e# "he cour"* 5uce""a #ee# a cro&( aroun( "he To&n Ha$$ an( a#k# her #er-an" &ha" i# ha!!ening* The #er-an" "e$$# her o% Henchar(.# re-e$a"ion, an( ;5uce""a )eco e# (ee!$+ i#era)$e "ha" #he ha# agree( "o arr+ hi * She (e!ar"# "o "he #ea#i(e "o&n o% Dor";Bre(+ %or a %e& (a+#* &#$$ary2 Cha%ter 33/3 5uce""a &a$k# a$ong "he roa( "o&ar( Dor";Bre(+* She #"o!# a i$e ou"#i(e o% /a#"er)ri(ge an( #ee# '$i0a)e"h;Jane, &ho ha# (eci(e( "o ee" her, a!!roaching* Su((en$+, a )u$$ )egin# "o &a$k "o&ar( "he , an( "he "&o &o en re"rea" in"o a near)+ )arn* The )u$$ charge# an( "ra!# "he in "he )arn* The )u$$ cha#e# "he un"i$ a an a!!ear#C he #ei0e# "he )u$$ )+ i"# no#e ring an( #ecure# i" ou"#i(e "he )arn* The an "urn# ou" "o )e Henchar(, an( 5uce""a i# -er+ gra"e%u$ "o hi %or #a-ing "he * The "rio hea(# ho e* 5uce""a re e )er# "ha" #he ha# (ro!!e( her u%% in "he )arn, an( '$i0a)e"h;Jane o%%er# "o run )ack an( ge" i"* A%"er %in(ing "he u%%, '$i0a)e"h;Jane run# in"o 4ar%rae on "he roa(* He (ri-e# her ho e, "hen re"urn# "o hi# o&n $o(ging, &here hi# #er-an"# are !re!aring "o o-e* Mean&hi$e, Henchar( e#cor"# 5uce""a ho e, a!o$ogi0ing %or hi# in#i#"ence "ha" #he arr+ hi * He #ugge#"# an in(e%ini"e engage en"* When #he a#k# i% "here i# an+"hing #he can (o "o re!a+ hi# kin(ne##, he a#k# her "o "e$$ Mr* 6ro&er, one o% hi# cre(i"or#, "ha" "he+ &i$$ #oon )e arrie(7 gi-en 5uce""a.# &ea$"h, Henchar( )e$ie-e# "ha" "hi# arrange en" &i$$ !er#ua(e 6ro&er "o "rea" hi# (e)" ore $enien"$+* 5uce""a re!$ie# "ha" #he canno" (o #o, #ince 6ro&er #er-e( a# a &i"ne## (uring her &e((ing "o 4ar%rae, &hich, #he announce#, "ook !$ace "hi# &eek #ecre"$+ in Dor";Bre(+*

13

&#$$ary2 Cha%ter 333 Shor"$+ a%"er 5uce""a arri-e# a" ho e, 4ar%rae %o$$o&# &i"h a$$ hi# "hing#* A$$ "ha" re ain# "o )e (one, #he c$ai #, i# "o "e$$ '$i0a)e"h;Jane o% "heir arriage* 5uce""a goe# "o #!eak "o '$i0a)e"h;Jane an( a#k# i% #he re e )er# "he #"or+ a)ou" her %rien( &ho &a# "orn )e"&een "he "&o $o-er#* '$i0a)e"h;Jane re e )er#, an( 5uce""a ake# i" c$ear "ha" "ha" "he ?%rien(@ o% &ho #he &a# #!eaking i# ac"ua$$+ her#e$%* 5uce""a "e$$# '$i0a)e"h; Jane "ha" #he &i#he# her "o #"a+ in "he hou#e a# )e%ore, an( '$i0a)e"h;Jane #a+# "ha" #he &i$$ "hink a)ou" i"* A# #oon a# 5uce""a $ea-e# "he roo , ho&e-er, ;'$i0a)e"h;Jane ake# !re!ara"ion# "o (e!ar" an( (oe# #o $a"er "ha" nigh"* 'nalysis2 Cha%ters 330//1333 The c$a#h )e"&een "he &agoner# o% 4ar%rae an( Henchar( i# #+ )o$ic o% "he $arger c$a#h )e"&een "he "&o en an( "he %orce# "he+ re!re#en"* A# "he (ri-er# ee" on "he cra !e( #"ree" ou"#i(e High;D$ace Ha$$, "he con%ron"a"ion #ee # "o in(ica"e a c$a#h )e"&een "&o co !e"ing corn erchan"#* Bu" "he con%ron"a"ion i# a$#o )e"&een age an( +ou"h, "ra(i"ion an( o(erni"+, !a#" an( %u"ure* The Mayor of Casterbridge i# %i$$e( &i"h #uch #+ )o$ic e-en"#C one o% Har(+.# !re%erre( "echni:ue# i# "he enca!#u$a"ion o% $arger i##ue# an( con%$ic"# in"o !a##ing (e"ai$#* Ano"her e,a !$e o% "hi# "echni:ue i# 5uce""a an( '$i0a)e"h;Jane.# con%ron"a"ion &i"h "he )u$$* =% a$iciou# %orce# (o ina"e "he &or$(, "hen "he )u$$ igh" )e rea( a# a ani%e#"a"ion o% "ho#e %orce#* =" "rack# 5uce""a a# (e$i)era"e$+ a# her !a#" an( "he #can(a$ "ha" u$"i a"e$+ (e#"ro+# her* Thi# #cene a$#o !ro-i(e# a o-ing coun"er!oin" "o Henchar(.# (ec$ine* Ha-ing $o#" hi# !o#i"ion o% a+or, hi# !ro inence a# a )u#ine## an, an( no&, &i"h "he "e#"i on+ o% "he %ur i"+;&o an, uch o% hi# (igni"+, Henchar( i# gi-en "he o!!or"uni"+ "o (e on#"ra"e &ha" he #"i$$ !o##e##e#* Hi# !h+#ica$ #"reng"h i# on (i#!$a+ a# he corra$# "he )u$$ an( u#her# "he &o en "o #a%e"+, )u" #o "oo i# "he genero#i"+ o% hi# #!iri"* A$"hough he i# increa#ing$+ e#"range( %ro 5uce""a an( '$i0a)e"h;Jane, he ri#k# (anger on "heir )eha$%, !ro-ing "ha", (e#!i"e )ou"# o% !e""+ )eha-ior, he i# e##en"ia$$+ a goo( an, in %u$$ con"ro$ an( !o##e##ing %or"i"u(e an( re#o$-e* =n "hi# #ec"ion, Henchar(.# )ene%icence )eco e# c$earer "hrough hi# re#!on#i)$e reac"ion "o "he %ur i"+;&o an.# accu#a"ion# again#" hi * A an in Henchar(.# !o#i"ion cou$( ea#i$+ (i# i## "he o$( &o an.# accu#a"ion# an( !ro"ec" hi# re!u"a"ion* The o"her a$(er en "urn "o Henchar(, e,!ec"ing he &i$$ (en+ her charge#* Henchar(.# &i$$ingne## "o a( i" "he "ru"h o% "he %ur i"+;&o an.# #"or+ e$e-a"e# "he %or er a+or in our e+e#> he #ee # (e(ica"e( "o "he "ru"h, e-en &hen "he "ru"h "hrea"en# (i#a#"rou# con#e:uence#* Ho&e-er, Henchar( i# no" o-e( "o con%e## )+ #o e ro an"ic a!!recia"ion o% "he "ru"h* =n %ac", Henchar( ha# cho#en no" "o "e$$ "he "ru"h nu erou# "i e# "hroughou" "he no-e$> he ake# a !ac" "o kee! "he !a#" a #ecre" %ro '$i0a)e"h;Jane, "hen, u!on (i#co-ering "ha" he i# no" her )io$ogica$ %a"her, kee!# "hi# in%or a"ion %ro her a# &e$$* 6i-en "he (egree o% gui$" Henchar( %ee$# a%"er #e$$ing Su#an an( her (augh"er, &e can a##u e "here i# a (egree o% a#ochi# in Henchar(.# a( i##ion in "he cour"roo > he i# #"i$$ !uni#hing hi #e$% %or hi# !a#" i#(oing#* B+ "hi# !oin", hi# re#i(ua$ gui$" an( #e$%;in%$ic"e( !uni#h en"# ha-e a##u e( "he %orce o% a ha)i"* Har(+ #ugge#"# a$#o "ha" Henchar(.# #e$%;(e#"ruc"i-e ac"ion# are a re#u$" o% hi# o-er$+ (irec" na"ure, a charac"eri#"ic he rare$+ re!re##e# in "he no-e$* =% Henchar( %u$$+ )e$ie-e# "ha" ?#o e !o&er &a# &orking again#" hi @ an( "ha" he i# (e#"ine( "o %ai$, "hen hi# con%e##ion "o "he a$(er en i# an ackno&$e(g en" o% hi# ine-i"a)$e %a"e* Hi# ?#$e(ge;ha er (irec"ne##@ a+ #er-e hi &e$$ in "he "o&n.# cour", )u" i" i# (i#a#"rou# in "er # o% !u)$ic re$a"ion#* Cha%ters 333/1333/0 &#$$ary2 Cha%ter 333/ The %ur i"+;&o an.# re-e$a"ion a)ou" Henchar(.# !a#" #!rea(# "hrough "he "o&n, o-er#ha(o&ing a$$ "he ?a en(# he ha( a(e*@ Hi# re!u"a"ion a# a an o% honor an( !ro#!eri"+ (ec$ine# ra!i($+* One (a+, '$i0a)e"h;Jane no"ice# a cro&( ga"here( ou"#i(e "he Iing.# Ar # 8"he inn a" &hich #he %ir#" #ee# Henchar( !re#i(ing o-er "he !re#"igiou# (inner a# a+or9* She $earn# "ha" "he "o&n co i##ioner# are ee"ing &i"h regar( "o Henchar(.# )ankru!"c+* Ha-ing #urren(ere( a$$ hi# a##e"#, Henchar( o%%er# "he co i##ion hi# $a#" -a$ua)$e !o##e##ion> a go$( &a"ch* Though "he+ %in( "he ge#"ure honora)$e, "he co i##ioner# re%u#e* Henchar( #e$$# "he &a"ch hi #e$% an( o%%er# "he one+ "o one o% hi# # a$$er cre(i"or#* When "he re ain(er o% Henchar(.# e%%ec"# are auc"ione( o%%, 4ar%rae !urcha#e# hi# )u#ine##* '$i0a)e"h;Jane ake# nu erou# a""e !"# "o con"ac" Henchar(, &i#hing %or an o!!or"uni"+ "o ?%orgi-e hi %or hi# roughne## "o her, an( "o he$! hi in hi# "rou)$e,@ )u" "o no a-ai$* Henchar( o-e# in"o a co""age o&ne( )+ Jo#hua Jo!!* &#$$ary2 Cha%ter 333// =n /a#"er)ri(ge, "here are "&o )ri(ge# &here ?a$$ "he %ai$ure# o% "he "o&n@ congrega"e* One e-ening, &hi$e Henchar( #"an(# on "he ore re o"e )ri(ge, Jo!! ee"# hi an( e,!$ain# "ha" 5uce""a an( 4ar%rae ha-e Au#" o-e( in"o Henchar(.# o$( hou#e, &hich 4ar%rae !urcha#e( a$ong &i"h a$$ o% Henchar(.# %urni"ure* Jo!! $ea-e#, an( Henchar( i# #oon e" )+ ano"her "ra-e$er, 4ar%rae hi #e$%* Ha-ing hear( "ha" Henchar( !$an# "o $ea-e /a#"er)ri(ge, 4ar%rae !ro!o#e# "ha" he $i-e in "he #!are roo # o% hi# o$( hou#e* Henchar( re%u#e#* 4ar%rae "hen o%%er# Henchar( &ha"e-er %urni"ure he igh" &an"* Henchar(, "hough o-e( )+ "he an.# genero#i"+, #"i$$ re%u#e#* '$i0a)e"h;Jane $earn# Henchar( ha# %a$$en i$$ an( u#e# hi# con%ine en" a# an e,cu#e "o #ee hi * A" %ir#", Henchar( "e$$# her "o go a&a+, )u" #he #"a+# an( no" on$+ nur#e# hi "o a :uick reco-er+ )u" !ro-i(e# hi &i"h a ne& ou"$ook on $i%e* Henchar( goe# "o 4ar%rae.# corn;+ar( "o #eek e !$o+ en" a# a ha+;"ru##er* When he hear# "ha" 4ar%rae i# )eing con#i(ere( %or a+or, ho&e-er, he )egin# "o $a!#e in"o hi# o$( oo(ine##, coun"ing "he nu )er o% (a+# un"i$ hi# oa"h "o a)#"ain %ro a$coho$ i# u!* When "ha" (a+ arri-e#, '$i0a)e"h;Jane hear# "ha" Henchar( ha# )egun "o (rink again* &#$$ary2 Cha%ter 333/// A%"er Sun(a+ church #er-ice#, "he en o% /a#"er)ri(ge ga"her a" "he Three Mariner# =nn "o (i#cu## "he #er on, #ing, an( ?$i i" E"he #e$-e#F "o ha$%;a;!in" o% $i:uor*@ Re$ea#e( %ro hi# -o&, Henchar( %$ou"# "hi# "ra(i"ion )+ ge""ing (runk an( #inging in#u$"ing &or(# a)ou" 4ar%rae "o "he "une o% a !#a$ * '$i0a)e"h;Jane arri-e# "o )ring Henchar( ho e* On "heir &a+, he co !$ain# "ha" 4ar%rae ha# "aken e-er+"hing %ro hi an( "ha"

14
he &i$$ no" )e re#!on#i)$e %or hi# (ee(# #hou$( "he+ ee"* Worrie( "ha" Henchar( &i$$ hi an(, (uring "he &eek, goe# "o "he ha+;+ar( "o he$! hi &i"h hi# &ork* ake goo( on "hi# "hrea", #he (eci(e# "o kee! an e+e on

Se-era$ (a+# $a"er, 4ar%rae an( 5uce""a co e "o "he ha+;+ar(* 5uce""a i# #ur!ri#e( "o #ee Henchar( "here* Henchar( #!eak# "o her &i"h )i""er #arca# , an( "he ne," (a+ #he #en(# hi a no"e a#king hi no" "o "rea" her #o !oor$+* Wi"h "hi# inci(en", "he gu$% )e"&een Henchar( an( 5uce""a gro&# &i(er* 5a"er, '$i0a)e"h;Jane o)#er-e# Henchar( an( 4ar%rae on "he "o! %$oor o% "he corn;#"ore# an( )e$ie-e# #he #ee# Henchar( e,"en( hi# ar a# i% "o !u#h 4ar%rae* She (eci(e# i" i# her (u"+ "o &arn hi o% "he a!!aren" (anger in &hich he i# !$acing hi #e$% )+ a##ocia"ing &i"h Henchar(* &#$$ary2 Cha%ter 333/0 The ne," orning, '$i0a)e"h;Jane a!!roache# 4ar%rae a# he $ea-e# hi# hou#e* She &arn# hi "ha" Henchar( a+ "r+ "o har hi * Bna)$e "o con"e !$a"e #uch e-i$ o"i-e#, 4ar%rae (i# i##e# "he &arning* Wan"ing "o !ro-i(e a ?ne& )eginning@ %or "he an &ho, +ear# ear$ier, ha( o%%ere( hi a Ao) an( !o#i"ion, 4ar%rae arrange# "o !urcha#e a #ee( #ho! "ha" Henchar( can anage* Whi$e 4ar%rae an( "he "o&n c$erk arrange "he a""er, "he "o&n c$erk con%ir # "ha" Henchar( ha"e# 4ar%rae* 4ar%rae i# "rou)$e( )+ "hi# ne&# an( (eci(e# "o (e$a+ "he !urcha#e o% "he #ee( #ho!* A" ho e, 4ar%rae $a en"# "o 5uce""a "ha" Henchar( (i#$ike# hi * A%rai( "ha" he &i$$ $earn o% her %or er in-o$-e en" &i"h Henchar(, #he urge# hi "o o-e a&a+ %ro /a#"er)ri(ge* A# "he+ (i#cu## "hi# !$an, ho&e-er, one o% "he "o&n.# a$(er en co e# "o "heir hou#e "o in%or "he "ha" "he ne&$+ e$ec"e( a+or ha# Au#" (ie(* He a#k# 4ar%rae i% he &i$$ acce!" "he !o#i"ionC 4ar%rae agree# "o (o #o* 5uce""a a#k# Henchar( once again "o re"urn her $e""er#* Rea$i0ing "ha" "he $e""er# are $ocke( in "he #a%e o% hi# o$( hou#e, Henchar( ca$$# on 4ar%rae one e-ening "o re"rie-e "he an(, &hi$e "here, rea(# ;#e-era$ $e""er# "o 4ar%rae* 4ar%rae #"i$$ (oe# no" kno& "ha" 5uce""a &ro"e "he $e""er#, an( #o he $i#"en# "o Henchar( !o$i"e$+ )u" &i"h ;$i""$e in"ere#"* Te !"e( a# he i# "o re-ea$ "he au"hor o% "he corre#;!on(ence, Henchar( canno" )ring hi #e$% "o ruin 4ar%rae an( ;5uce""a.# arriage* 'nalysis2 Cha%ters 333/1333/0 A%"er &or( #!rea(# o% "he %ur i"+;&o an.# accu#a"ion, i" i# re arka)$e ho& :uick$+ an( co !$e"e$+ Henchar( ?!a##eE#F "he ri(ge o% !ro#!eri"+ an( honour an( E)egin#F "o (e#cen( on "he o"her #i(e*@ Wherea# he ear$ier enAo+# a !o#i"ion o% !ro inence a# "he a+or o% "he "o&n, he no& #"an(# on a )ri(ge &here "h&ar"e( $o-er# an( o"her (e#!era"e %igure# con"e !$a"e #uici(e* Henchar(.# (e#!era"ion ha# uch "o (o &i"h 4ar%rae an( hi# #ucce##e#, &hich #ee $ike #o e #or" o% )e"ra+a$ "o Henchar(, &ho he$!e( 4ar%rae e#"a)$i#h hi #e$% in /a#"er)ri(ge* Since 4ar%rae.# in"ro(uc"ion, he an( Henchar( ha-e o-e( #"ea(i$+ in o!!o#i"e (irec"ion#, "he %or er "o&ar( !ro#!eri"+ an( achie-e en", "he $a""er "o&ar( %ai$ure an( o)#curi"+* =n "he#e cha!"er#, &here 4ar%rae !urcha#e# "he (e)";;ri((en Henchar(.# ho e an( )u#ine##, "he "ran#i"ion i# co !$e"e* Wha"e-er )righ" e inence "he %or er a+or enAo+e( i# no& ec$i!#e( )+ hi# !ro"GgG.# (e-e$o! en", a# "he re%ur)i#he( #ign ou"#i(e "he grain arke" ake# c$ear> ?A # ear o% (eci#i-e $ea(;co$oure( !ain" ha( )een $ai( on "o o)$i"era"e Henchar(.# na e, "hough i"# $e""er# (i $+ $oo e( "hrough $ike #hi!# in a %og* O-er "he#e, in %re#h &hi"e, #!rea( "he na e o% 4ar%rae*@ We can un(er#"an( &h+ Henchar( &ou$( &i#h no" "o $i-e &i"h "he an he con#i(er# hi# archri-a$, $e" a$one &i"h hi# e,;$o-er, )u" hi# re%u#a$ o% 4ar%rae.# chari"+ i#, a# "he#e cha!"er# i$$u#"ra"e, ore a %unc"ion o% hi# charac"er "han an a#!ec" o% hi# re$a"ion#hi! &i"h 4ar%rae* Henchar( (oe# e-er+"hing "o an e,"re e> he canno" ere$+ )e (i##a"i#%ie( &i"h arrie( $i%e )u", in#"ea(, u#" %ee$ "he nee( "o #e$$ hi# &i%eC he canno" (rink re#!on#i)$+ )u", in#"ea(, u#" #&ear o%% $i:uor %or "&en"+;one +ear#, on$+ "o re"urn "o i" &i"h an a$coho$ic.# -engeance* Si i$ar$+, Au#" a# hi# e o"ion# %or 4ar%rae run ho" or co$(, hi# e,"re e con"e !" %or '$i0a)e"h;Jane )eco e# a )oun($e## an( nee(+ $o-e* The e,"re i"+ o% Henchar(.# !a##ion# i#, in $arge !ar", re#!on#i)$e %or "he #e-eri"+ o% hi# %a$$* Har(+, a!!ro!ria"ing "he &or(# o% "he eigh"een"h;cen"ur+ 6er an &ri"er No-a$i#, #"re##e# "ha" ?EcFharac"er i# 4a"e*@ Henchar(.# re#!on#e "o hi# )ankru!"c+ hearing -a$i(a"e# #uch a h+!o"he#i#* Hi# e,"re e e o"ion# an( ina)i$i"+ "o co !ro i#e or #ho& re#"rain" $ea( hi "o #e$$ hi# $a#" -a$ua)$e !o##e##ion, hi# go$( &a"ch* Thu#, an honora)$e ac" $aunche# hi %ur"her in"o !o-er"+ an( (e#!air* Henchar(.# )eha-ior re ain# con#i#"en" "hroughou" "he no-e$* He (oe# no" un(ergo a #igni%ican" change, nor (oe# he $earn %ro hi# !a#" i#"ake# an( a$"er hi# &a+#* 4ar%rae.# !$an "o !urcha#e a # a$$ #ee( #"ore %or Henchar( "o anage #ho&# "ha" 4ar%rae (oe# )e$ie-e "ha" #uch change i# !o##i)$e* B$"i a"e$+, "hough, "he no-e$ a(here# "o a !hi$o#o!h+ o% (e"er ini# , &hich #ugge#"# "ha" hu an )eing# are ne-er %ree enough "o e,er" "heir o&n &i$$ on "he uni-er#e* =n#"ea(, "here are %orce# "ha" (e"er ine "he cour#e o% e-er+ hu an $i%e, regar($e## o% hu an (e#ire* A# Henchar( o)#er-e#> ?See no& ho& i".# our#e$-e# "ha" are ru$e( )+ "he Do&er# a)o-e u#H We !$an "hi#, )u" &e (o "ha"*@ Cha%ters 333013330/// &#$$ary2 Cha%ter 3330 5uce""a o-erhear# "he con-er#a"ion )e"&een 4ar%rae an( Henchar( an( )eco e# e,"re e$+ agi"a"e(, %earing "ha" Henchar( &i$$ re-ea$ her au"hor#hi! o% "he $e""er#* When 4ar%rae co e# u!#"air#, #he ga"her# "ha" Henchar( ha# no" (i#c$o#e( her* The ne," orning, #he &ri"e# "o Henchar(, arranging a ee"ing %or $a"er "ha" (a+ a" "he Ring* There, #he )eg# hi "o ha-e erc+ on her an( re"urn "he $e""er#, &hich he agree# "o (o* &#$$ary2 Cha%ter 3330/ When 5uce""a re"urn# %ro her ee"ing &i"h Henchar(, #he %in(# Jo#hua Jo!! &ai"ing %or her* He ha# hear( "ha" 4ar%rae i# $ooking %or a )u#ine## !ar"ner an( a#k# i% #he &ou$( reco en( hi * She re%u#e#, an( he re"urn# ho e (i#a!!oin"e(* When Jo!! ge"# ho e, Henchar( a#k# hi "o (e$i-er a !acke" "o Mr#* 4ar%rae* Jo!! in#!ec"# "he !acke", (i#co-er# "ha" i" con"ain# $e""er#, an( "hen goe# on hi# &a+ "o (e$i-er i"* Jo!! ee"# "he !ea#an" &o en Mo"her /u,#o an( Nance Mockri(ge, &ho "e$$ hi "he+ are on "heir &a+ "o Mi,en 5ane, "he cen"er %or ? uch "ha" &a# #a(, uch "ha" &a# $o&, #o e "hing# "ha" &ere )ane%u$@ in /a#"er)ri(ge* Jo!! acco !anie# "he an( ee"# "he o$( %ur i"+;&o an, &ho a#k# a)ou" "he !arce$ he carrie#* He re!$ie# "ha" "he+ are $o-e $e""er# an( rea(# "he a$ou( "o "he cro&(* Nance Mockri(ge e,c$ai # "ha" 5uce""a i# "he au"hor o% "he $e""er# an( re ark# "ha" "hi# in%or a"ion !ro-i(e# a goo( %oun(a"ion %or a ?#ki i"+;ri(e,@ a "ra(i"iona$ 'ng$i#h #!ec"ac$e "he

15
!ur!o#e o% &hich &a# "o e,!re## !u)$ic (i#a!!ro-a$ o% a(u$"er+* A #"ranger, (re##e( in a %ur coa" an( #ea$#kin ca!, e,!re##e# in"ere#" in "he cu#"o an( (ona"e# #o e one+ %or "he cere on+* Jo!! re"urn# ho e, re#ea$# "he $e""er#, an( (e$i-er# "he "o 5uce""a "he ne," orning* &#$$ary2 Cha%ter 3330// The ci"i0en# o% /a#"er)ri(ge #oon )eco e a&are "ha" a ?Ro+a$ Der#onage@ !$an# "o !a## "hrough "he "o&n* The "o&n counci$, &hich i# "o a((re## "hi# e#"ee e( gue#", ee"# "o arrange "he (e"ai$# o% "he e-en", an( Henchar( in"erru!"# "he ee"ing "o a#k i% he can !ar"ici!a"e* 4ar%rae #a+# "ha" Henchar(.# in-o$-e en" &ou$( no" )e !ro!er, #ince he i# no $onger a e )er o% "he counci$* Henchar( -o&# "ha" he &i$$ &e$co e "he Ro+a$ Der#onage in hi# o&n &a+* The #!ecia$ (a+ arri-e#, an(, a# "he ro+a$ carriage #"o!#, a (runken Henchar( #"an(# in %ron" o% i" &a-ing a han( a(e %$ag* 4ar%rae %orce%u$$+ (rag# Henchar( a&a+* &#$$ary2 Cha%ter 3330/// =ncen#e( )+ 4ar%rae.# "rea" en" o% hi , Henchar( (eci(e# "o #eek re-enge* He $ea-e# a e##age a" 4ar%rae.# hou#e re:ue#"ing "ha" 4ar%rae ee" hi a" "he granarie#* When 4ar%rae arri-e#, Henchar(, &ho ha# "ie( one o% hi# ar # "o ake a ore e-en a"ch, "e$$# hi "ha" "he+ &i$$ %ini#h "he %igh" )egun "ha" orning* The en &re#"$e, an( "hough Henchar( o-er!o&er# 4ar%rae, he canno" )ring hi #e$% "o %ini#h o%% hi# o!!onen"* 4ar%rae $ea-e#, an( Henchar( i# %$oo(e( &i"h #ha e an( %on( e orie# o% 4ar%rae* He %ee$# "he (e#ire "o #ee 4ar%rae again )u" re e )er# hearing "ha" 4ar%rae &a# "o $ea-e on a Aourne+ %or "he "o&n o% Wea"her)ur+* 'nalysis2 Cha%ters 333013330/// Becau#e Henchar( %ee$# "hing# ore (ee!$+ "han an+ o"her charac"er, &i"h #uch con-ic"ion an( %orce, i" i# (i%%icu$" "o ho$( hi accoun"a)$e %or hi# ac"ion#* When, %or e,a !$e, he rea(# 5uce""a.# $e""er# "o 4ar%rae, he (oe# #o no" "o "or en" "he &o an &ho ea-e#(ro!# %ro a neigh)oring roo , )u" )ecau#e he i# #ei0e( )+ "he !ro%oun( an( he$!$e## %ee$ing "ha" he ha# )een &ronge(* Si i$ar$+, hi# (e"er ina"ion "o %igh" 4ar%rae ari#e# no" %ro "he ?ri-a$r+, &hich ruine(@ hi or "he ?#nu))ing, &hich hu )$e(@ hi , )u" ra"her %ro "he ?hu#"$ing "ha" (i#grace(@ hi * Henchar(.# concern a)ou" hi# !u)$ic i age ake# hi !ar"icu$ar$+ (e#!i#e "he i(ea o% )eing (i#grace( 8"hi# #a e concern co !e$# hi "o #eek "o ake a en(# &i"h Su#an near$+ "&o (eca(e# a%"er "heir #ha e%u$ !ar"ing9* When he %igh"# 4ar%rae, "hen, he i# o"i-a"e( $e## )+ -engeance "han "he nee( "o %ree hi #e$% %ro "he )ur(en o% %ee$ing #ha e(* =n(ee(, Henchar(.# co !$e"e #u)#er-ience "o hi# o&n e o"ion# i# ani%e#"e( in hi# crie# a# he )reak# %ro "he #"rugg$e "ha" ?no an e-er $o-e( ano"her a# = (i( "hee a" one "i e* * * * An( no&7"hough = ca e here "o ki$$ Lee, = canno" hur" "heeH@ Though !o&er%u$, Henchar( i# no )u$$+, an( he u#e# hi# )o"h hi# !h+#ica$ an( !o$i"ica$ #"reng"h #!aring$+* Though he $a en"# "ha" he ha# "aken 4ar%rae.# (i# i##a$ ?$ike a $a ),@ he &an"# no"hing ore "han a %air %igh" %ro "he Sco"ch an* Thi# (e#ire %or %airne## i# %ur"her ani%e#"e( in hi# (eci#ion "o )in( one ar )e%ore "he &re#"$ing a"ch )egin#, #ince he i# "he #"ronger o% "he "&o en* 4ur"her ore, he canno" )ring hi #e$% "o (e#"ro+ 5uce""a, &ho#e (u!$ici"+ an( &a+&ar( e o"ion# ha-e $e%" hi %ee$ing a)an(one( an( un$o-e(* No"hing &ou$( )e ea#ier %or Henchar( "han "o )ring #ha e u!on 5uce""a, )u" he (e"er ine#, :ui"e honora)$+, "ha" ?#uch a &o an &a# -er+ # a$$ (eer "o hun"*@ The#e o en"# o% re#"rain"7rare %or a an o% Henchar(.# (o ineering !a##ion#7!ro-e an( !re#er-e Henchar(.# hu ani"+* =n(ee(, "he#e con%$ic"# re-ea$ "he co !$e,i"+ o% Henchar(.# charac"er an( are "he rea#on "ha" an+ cri"ic# ha-e %oun( hi "o )e "he o#" hu an o% a$$ Har(+.# crea"ion#* =n a((i"ion "o gi-ing u# a ore %u$$+ (e-e$o!e( un(er#"an(ing o% Henchar(.# charac"er, "he#e cha!"er# )ui$( #u#!en#e )+ hin"ing a" "&o aAor i inen" e-en"#> "he #ki i"+;ri(e an( "he arri-a$ o% Ne&#on* The in"ere#" (i#!$a+e( in "he #ki i"+;ri(e, ani%e#" in "he %ur;&earing #"ranger.# !i:ue( curio#i"+ a)ou" "he ri"ua$, hin"# a" "he ri(e.# ine-i"a)i$i"+* The ri(e &a# a cu#"o !o!u$ar in rura$ "o&n# an( in-o$-e( a !ara(e o% e%%igie# an( u#ic u#e( "o #ha e !u)$ic$+ "ho#e gui$"+ 8or #u#!ec"e(9 o% a(u$"er+* A$"hough "he cu#"o &a# !rohi)i"e( )+ $a& in 1882, i" con"inue( %or +ear# a%"er* Har(+ %ore#ha(o&# Ne&#on.# arri-a$ -er+ c$e-er$+, u#ing "he (e"ai$# o% hi# c$o"he#* =n (e#cri)ing a #"ranger ?(re##e( &i"h a cer"ain c$u #+ richne##7hi# coa" )eing %urre(, an( hi# hea( co-ere( &i"h a ca! o% #ea$;#kin,@ Har(+ e-oke# "he &ea"her!roo%e( #ai$or &ho, a# an+ +ear# ago a" We+(on;Drior#, ha# one+ a" hi# (i#!o#a$* Cha%ters 333/313L// &#$$ary2 Cha%ter 333/3 The narra"or #hi%"# )ack "o "he o en"# %o$$o&ing "he &re#"$ing a"ch )e"&een Henchar( an( 4ar%rae* A%"er 4ar%rae (e#cen(# %ro "he $o%", A)e$ Whi""$e (e$i-er# a no"e "o 4ar%rae re:ue#"ing hi# !re#ence in Wea"her)ur+* The no"e ha# )een #en" )+ #o e o% 4ar%rae.# &orker# &ho ho!e "o ge" 4ar%rae ou" o% "o&n in or(er "o $e##en "he (a aging i !ac" o% "he ?#ki i"+;ri(e*@ A%"er 4ar%rae (e!ar"# %or Wea"her)ur+, 5uce""a hear# co o"ion in "he (i#"ance* Ou"#i(e her &in(o&, #he o-erhear# "&o ai(# (e#cri)e "he !rocee(ing#> "&o %igure# are #i""ing )ack "o )ack on a (onke+ "ha" i# )eing !ara(e( "hrough "he #"ree"# o% /a#"er)ri(ge* Ju#" a# '$i0a)e"h;Jane en"er# "he roo an( "rie# "o c$o#e "he #hu""er#, 5uce""a rea$i0e# "ha" "he %igure# are ean" "o re!re#en" her an( Henchar(* She )eco e# h+#"erica$ an( #u%%er# an e!i$e!"ic #ei0ure, %earing "ha" her hu#)an( &i$$ #ee "he #!ec"ac$e* '$i0a)e"h;Jane ca$$# "he (oc"or, &ho recogni0e# "he #eriou#ne## o% "he #i"ua"ion an( "e$$# her "o ca$$ i e(ia"e$+ %or 4ar%rae* &#$$ary2 Cha%ter 3L Ha-ing o)#er-e( "he #ki i"+;ri(e, Henchar( goe# in #earch o% '$i0a)e"h;Jane* B!on arri-ing a" 4ar%rae.# hou#e an( $earning o% 5uce""a.# con(i"ion, Henchar( e,!$ain# "ha" 4ar%rae u#" )e %oun( on "he &a+ "o a "o&n ca$$e( Wea"her)ur+, no" ano"her "o&n ca$$e( Bu( ou"h a# origina$$+ !$anne(* Becau#e no one )e$ie-e# hi , he (e!ar"# "o %in( 4ar%rae hi #e$%* '-en"ua$$+, he co e# u!on 4ar%rae an( urge# hi "o re"urn "o /a#"er)ri(ge, )u" 4ar%rae (i#"ru#"# hi an( re%u#e# "o re"urn* Henchar( ri(e# )ack "o /a#"er)ri(ge on$+ "o %in( "ha" 5uce""a i# no )e""er* When he re"urn# ho e, Jo#hua Jo!! "e$$# hi "ha" a #ea an o% #o e #or" ca$$e( %or hi &hi$e he &a# ou"* 4ar%rae %ina$$+ re"urn# an( #en(# %or ano"her (oc"or, an( 5uce""a i# uch ca$ e( )+ her hu#)an(.# arri-a$* He #i"# &i"h her "hrough "he nigh" a# Henchar( !ace# "he #"ree"#, aking in:uirie# a)ou" "he !a"ien".# hea$"h* 'ar$+ "he ne," orning, a ai( in%or # hi "ha" 5uce""a i# (ea(* &#$$ary2 Cha%ter 3L/ A%"er hearing o% o% 5uce""a.# (ea"h, Henchar( goe# ho e an( i# #oon -i#i"e( )+ '$i0a)e"h;Jane* She %a$$# a#$ee! a# Henchar( !re!are# her )reak%a#", an( Henchar(, no" &an"ing "o (i#"ur) her, &ai"# !a"ien"$+ %or her "o &ake* 4ee$ing a #urge o% $o-e %or '$i0a)e"h;Jane, he ho!e# "ha" #he

16
&i$$ con"inue "o "rea" hi a# her %a"her* Ju#" "hen, a an knock# a" "he (oor an( in"ro(uce# hi #e$% a# Ne&#on* He #a+# "ha" hi# arriage "o Su#an ha( )een ha!!+ un"i$ #o eone #ugge#"e( "o her "ha" "heir re$a"ion#hi! &a# a ocker+C #he "hen )eca e i#era)$e* Ne&#on a((# "ha" he $e" Su#an )e$ie-e "ha" he &a# $o#" a" #ea* He "e$$# Henchar( "ha" he ha# hear( o% Su#an.# (ea"h an( a#k# a)ou" '$i0a)e"h;Jane* Henchar( "e$$# hi "ha" "he gir$ i# (ea( a# &e$$, an( Ne&#on (e!ar"# in #orro&* A$"hough i" a!!ear# "ha" Ne&#on i# gone, Henchar( re ain# !aranoi( "ha" hi# (ece!"ion &i$$ )e (i#co-ere( an( "ha" Ne&#on &i$$ re"urn "o "ake '$i0a)e"h;Jane a&a+ %ro hi * '$i0a)e"h;Jane &ake#, an( "he "&o #i" (o&n "o )reak%a#"* When #he $ea-e#, ho&e-er, he )eco e# (e#!on(en", %earing "ha" #he &i$$ #oon %orge" hi * The re#" o% hi# $i%e #ee # unen(ura)$e "o hi , an( he goe# "o "he ri-er Au#" ou"#i(e o% /a#"er)ri(ge &i"h "hough"# o% (ro&ning hi #e$%* A# he !re!are# "o "hro& hi #e$% in"o "he &a"er, he #ee# hi# i age %$oa"ing in "he !oo$ an( (e#i#"#* Henchar( re"urn# ho e an( %in(# '$i0a)e"h;Jane &ai"ing ou"#i(e hi# (oor* She #a+# #he ha# co e )ack )ecau#e he #ee e( #a( "ha" orning* He )ring# her "o "he ri-er "o #ho& her "he i age, an( #he rea$i0e# "ha" i" u#" )e "he e%%ig+ %ro "he #ki i"+;ri(e* Henchar( re ark# ho& #"range i" i# "ha" "he !er%or ance "ha" ki$$e( 5uce""a ha# ac"ua$$+ ke!" hi a$i-e* '$i0a)e"h;Jane rea$i0e# &ha" he ean# )+ "hi# #"a"e en" an( a#k# i% #he can co e "o $i-e &i"h hi C he ;Ao+%u$$+ a##en"#* &#$$ary2 Cha%ter 3L// Henchar( con"inue# "o %ear Ne&#on.# re"urn, )u", ean&hi$e, he an( '$i0a)e"h;Jane $i-e ha!!i$+ in hi# ho e* The+ #ee 4ar%rae on$+ occa#iona$$+, a# Henchar( no& o&n# a # a$$ #ee( an( roo" )u#ine## "ha" 4ar%rae an( o"her e )er# o% "he "o&n counci$ !urcha#e( %or hi * One (a+, Henchar( o)#er-e# 4ar%rae $ooking a" '$i0a)e"h;Jane an( )egin# "o "hink o% "he !o##i)i$i"+ o% "heir union* He i# -er+ uch o!!o#e( "o "he i(ea )u" (eci(e# he #hou$( $e" '$i0a)e"h;Jane ake her o&n (eci#ion* A# "i e !a##e#, '$i0a)e"h;Jane an( 4ar%rae )egin "o ee" ore %re:uen"$+* '-en"ua$$+, Henchar( o)"ain# !roo% o% "heir in"i ac+ &hen he #ee# 4ar%rae ki## '$i0a)e"h;Jane* 'nalysis2 Cha%ters 333/313L// =n "he#e cha!"er#, "he %u$$ co !$e,i"+ o% Henchar(.# charac"er re-ea$# i"#e$%* De#!i"e hi# ha"re( %or #o eone &ho no& enAo+# a$$ "he )ene%i"# he once (i(7hi# )u#ine## an( hi# $o-er7he canno" )ring hi #e$% "o enac" "he -engeance he (e#ire#* =n#"ea( o% #eeking re-enge, Henchar( "ake# i" u!on hi #e$% "o %e"ch 4ar%rae an( urge hi )ack "o 5uce""a.# )e(#i(e* When Henchar( (ec$are# "o 4ar%rae, ?= a a &re"che( an )u" + hear" i# "rue "o +ou #"i$$,@ hi# &or(# !oin" no" "o "he %ick$ene## o% hi# a%%ec"ion# )u" "o "he (ee!$+ con%$ic"e( na"ure o% hi# !#+che* Hi# o"i-a"ion# are a# u(($e( a# hi# e o"ion#> gi-en hi# !re-iou# e%%or"# "o !ro"ec" hi# na e an( re!u"a"ion, Henchar( a+ ho!e "o en( hi# (a age( i age in "he e+e# o% "ho#e &ho ?&ou$( no" )e$ie-e hi , "aking hi# &or(# Eregar(ing 4ar%rae.# &herea)ou"#F )u" a# "he %ro"h+ u""erance# o% reck$e##ne##*@ Bu" a #e$%;i !o#e( (e#ire "o re#"ore hi# goo( na e i# no" "he on$+ "hing "ha" #e"# Henchar( on "he roa( "o Wea"her)ur+* A# hi# un&i$$ingne## "o !u e$ 4ar%rae &hen he ha# hi !inne( (o&n in /ha!"er JJJ<=== #ho&#, he #"i$$ har)or# genuine a%%ec"ion %or "he an* 5ike 4ar%rae.# )u((ing ro ance &i"h 5uce""a &hen Henchar( i# rea(+ "o "ake 5uce""a a# hi# &i%e, Ne&#on.# une,!ec"e( arri-a$ a" Henchar(.# hou#e (i#ru!"# Henchar(.# $i%e no"icea)$+* Hi# ne&%oun( (e#ire "o ha-e a c$o#e re$a"ion#hi! &i"h '$i0a)e"h;Jane, $ike hi# (e#ire "o arr+ 5uce""a, con#"i"u"e# a hea-i$+ con#i(ere( an( (e$i)era"e change o% a""i"u(e on hi# !ar"* The un!re(ic"a)$e o)#"ac$e Ne&#on !re#en"# "o "he ha!!ine## Henchar( #eek# &i"h '$i0a)e"h;Jane i# a(e !ain%u$$+ c$ear )+ Har(+.# e$o(ra a"ic ren(ering o% Ne&#on.# rea!!earance> &n truth, a great change had come over .,enchard/ with regard to .1li2abeth3Jane/, and he was develo!ing the dream of a future lit by her filial !resence, as though that way alone could ha!!iness lie# ,e was disturbed by another "noc" at the door# # # # B+ Au,"a!o#ing Henchar(.# a!!aren" #o$e &a+ "o ha!!ine## an( Ne&#on.# knocking, Har(+ #ugge#"# "ha" Ne&#on.# in"ru#ion ac"ua$$+ (i#"ur)# Henchar(.# ?(rea o% a %u"ure*@ 6i-en "he #"ruc"ure o% "he no-e$ "hu# %ar, &herein !eri!hera$ charac"er#, #uch a# "he ;%ur i"+;&o an, "en( "o a!!ear a" "he o#" ino!!or"une "i e#, Ne&#on.# rea!!earance can on$+ )o(e i$$* Henchar(.# #e$%i#h an( (ecei"%u$ ean# o% (ea$ing &i"h Ne&#on "hrea"en "o ro) hi o% hi# $a#" )i" o% #e$%;re#!ec"* De#!i"e a$$ "hi# (ece!"ion, !e""ine##, an( hi# ra)i( "e !er, Henchar( re ain# an e##en"ia$$+ #+ !a"he"ic charac"er* 6i-en hi# (ee!, ne&%oun( $o-e %or '$i0a)e"h;Jane, an( "he (e#!era"ene## o% hi# (e#ire "o ha-e "ha" $o-e re"urne(, &e un(er#"an( Henchar(.# (ecei"%u$ )eha-ior* 5ike #o an+ o% Henchar(.# (eci#ion#, %oo$ing Ne&#on ha# no"hing "o (o &i"h ca$cu$a"ion or ani!u$a"ion an( e-er+"hing "o (o &i"h ?"he i !u$#e o% a o en"*@ =n "hi# $igh", Henchar(.# "rea" en" o% Ne&#on i# "he %ran"ic ac" o% a #care(, $one$+, an( high$+ !i"ia)$e an* Cha%ters 3L///13L0 # # # that no flours be !lanted on my grave# 4 that no man remember me# To this & !ut my name# '%ee &m!ortant 5uotations 1 !lained( &#$$ary2 Cha%ter 3L/// Henchar( con"inue# "o &orr+ a)ou" &ha" &i$$ )eco e o% hi i% ;'$i0a)e"h;Jane arrie#* One (a+, &hi$e #!+ing "he #!o" &here ;'$i0a)e"h;Jane an( 4ar%rae nor a$$+ ee", he #ee# Ne&#on "hrough hi# "e$e#co!e* When '$i0a)e"h;Jane co e# ho e, #he ha# no" +e" e" Ne&#on, )u" #he "e$$# Henchar( "ha" #he ha# recei-e( a $e""er %ro #o eone a#king her "o ee" hi "ha" nigh" a" 4ar%rae.# hou#e* Much "o her chagrin, Henchar( "e$$# her "ha" he ha# (eci(e( "o $ea-e /a#"er)ri(ge "ha" -er+ e-ening* '$i0a)e"h;Jane )e$ie-e# "ha" he i# $ea-ing )ecau#e he (i#a!!ro-e# o% her i !en(ing arriage "o 4ar%rae, )u" he a##ure# her "ha" #uch i# no" "he ca#e* A$one, Henchar( (e!ar"# "o&n* He co !are# hi# %a"e "o "ha" o% "he )i)$ica$ %igure /ain )u" (ec$are#, ?EMF+ !uni#h en" i# not grea"er "han = can )earH@ Tha" e-ening, a" 4ar%rae.# hou#e, '$i0a)e"h;Jane ee"# Ne&#on an( i e(ia"e$+ un(er#"an(# "he rea#on %or Henchar(.# #u((en (e!ar"ure* She i# o-erAo+e( a" her reunion &i"h "he %a"her #he ha( )e$ie-e( (ea(, )u" #he i# u!#e" &hen #he $earn# o% Henchar(.# (ece!"ion* Ne&#on an( 4ar%rae )egin "o !$an "he &e((ing*

17
&#$$ary2 Cha%ter 3L/0 Mean&hi$e, Henchar( ake# hi# &a+ "hrough "he coun"r+#i(e an( e-en"ua$$+ arri-e# a" We+(on;Drior#, "he -er+ #!o" &here he #o$( hi# &i%e ore "han "&en"+;%i-e +ear# ear$ier* He re%$ec"# )rie%$+ u!on "ho#e !a#" e-en"# an( "hen goe# on, #e""$ing in a #!o" #o e %i%"+ i$e# %ro /a#"er)ri(ge an( %in(ing e !$o+ en" a# a ha+;"ru##er* One (a+, he #!eak# "o #o e "ra-e$er# &ho ha-e co e %ro /a#"er)ri(ge an( $earn# "ha" "he &e((ing )e"&een 4ar%rae an( '$i0a)e"h;Jane i# "o "ake !$ace on S"* Mar"in.# Da+* He (eci(e# "o go "o /a#"er)ri(ge %or "he &e((ing an( #e"# o%% on hi# Aourne+* On "he nigh" )e%ore "he &e((ing, he #"o!# in a near)+ "o&n an( )u+# #o e !ro!er c$o"he# an( a cage( go$(%inch a# a !re#en" %or '$i0a)e"h;Jane* When Henchar( arri-e# a" 4ar%rae.# hou#e in /a#"er)ri(ge, "he ce$e)ra"ion i# a$rea(+ un(er&a+* A# he en"er#, he $ea-e# "he cage( )ir( un(er a )u#h near "he )ack o% "he hou#e* He &a"che# "he (ancing un#een, un"i$ '$i0a)e"h;Jane.# hou#ekee!er in%or # her "ha" #he ha# a -i#i"or* She co e# in "o #ee hi an( re!ri an(# hi %or (ecei-ing her a)ou" Ne&#on* So co$($+ recei-e(, he (eci(e# "o $ea-e an( !ro i#e# ne-er "o "rou)$e her again* &#$$ary2 Cha%ter 3L0 Se-era$ (a+# a%"er "he &e((ing, '$i0a)e"h;Jane (i#co-er# "he )ir(cage &i"h a )ir(7no& (ea( %ro #"ar-a"ion7in#i(e, an( #he &on(er# ho& i" go" "here* A)ou" a on"h $a"er, a%"er #!eaking "o one o% her #er-an"#, '$i0a)e"h;Jane %igure# "ha" Henchar( u#" ha-e )rough" i" a# a gi%", an( #he )egin# "o regre" "he &a+ #he "rea"e( hi * When 4ar%rae co e# ho e, #he a#k# hi "o he$! her %in( Henchar( #o "ha" #he can ake her !eace &i"h hi * The+ "rack Henchar( "o "he co""age o% A)e$ Whi""$e, &ho "e$$# "he "ha" "he an ha# Au#" (ie(* He gi-e# "he a !iece o% !a!er "ha" Henchar( $e%", &hich "urn# ou" "o )e hi# &i$$* The &i$$ #"i!u$a"e# "ha" '$i0a)e"h;Jane no" )e "o$( a)ou" hi# (ea"h, "ha" he no" )e )urie( in con#ecra"e( groun(, "ha" no one ourn %or hi , an( "ha" no one re e )er hi * '$i0a)e"h;Jane regre"# her har#h "rea" en" o% Henchar( "he $a#" "i e "he+ e", an( #he (e"er ine# "o carr+ ou" hi# (+ing &i#he# a# )e#" #he can* *nd in being forced to class herself among the fortunate she did not cease to wonder at the !ersistence of the unforeseen# # # # '%ee Important Quotations Explained( 'nalysis2 Cha%ters 3L///13L0 =n "he#e %ina$ cha!"er#, Michae$ Henchar( #uccu )# "o "he (e%ea" he ha# cour"e( "hroughou" "he no-e$* The !$o" o% The Mayor of Casterbridge i# e##en"ia$$+ a #erie# o% inci(en"# in &hich Henchar( "rie# again an( again "o e,!unge "he gui$" he %ee$# %or hi# #ha e%u$ )eha-ior a" "he %air a" We+(on;Drior#* The (e!"h o% Henchar(.# gui$" i# a!!aren" in an+ o% hi# ac"ion# an( e o"ion#> hi# (e#!era"e nee( "o (i-u$ge hi# #ecre" "o 4ar%rae, hi# (e"er ina"ion "o re arr+ a &o an he ne-er $o-e(, hi# &i$$ingne## "o care %or '$i0a)e"h;Jane e-en a%"er he $earn# "ha" #he i# no" hi# (augh"er* A)o-e a$$, "he )ur(en "ha" Henchar( )ear# %or hi# gui$" ani%e#"# i"#e$% in hi# acce!"ance o% "he %orce# "ha" #ee )en" u!on hi# (e#"ruc"ion* There i# an e$e en" o% #e$%;(e#"ruc"i-ene## in Henchar(.# charac"er* 4or e,a !$e, Henchar( cou$( ha-e ea#i$+ (enie( "he accu#a"ion# o% "he %ur i"+;&o an in "he cour"roo an( #!are( hi #e$% %ro in#u$" an( inAur+* Hi# &i$$ingne## "o #u%%er i# an i !or"an" "hrea( in "he %a)ric o% hi# charac"er* Hi# #en#e o% &ha" i# righ" "ru !# hi# (e#ire %or co %or" an( ake# i" i !o##i)$e %or hi "o $i-e a $i%e he i# con-ince( he ha# no" earne(* Henchar( )e$ie-e# "ha" he u#" #u%%er, a# "hough i#er+ &ere a ean# o% )eco ing &or"h+ o% #uch $o-e an( co %or"* A# he $ea-e# /a#"er)ri(ge, ha-ing a$iena"e( '$i0a)e"h;Jane an( "here%ore (e#"ro+e( hi# $a#" ho!e o% ha!!ine##, Henchar( co !are# hi #e$% "o /ain, "he #on o% A(a an( '-e &ho 6o(, accor(ing "o "he Bi)$e, con(e ne( "o a $i%e"i e o% #u%%ering %or ki$$ing hi# )ro"her, A)e$* Hi# re#o$u"e e,c$a a"ion "ha", un$ike /ain, he can )ear hi# !uni#h en" re%$ec"# hi# &i$$ingne## "o (o #o* =" i# "hrough (e%ea" "ha" Henchar( )eco e# a an o% "rue charac"er* Hi# &i$$ingne## "o )ear "he )run" o% hi# #u%%ering an( hi# con"inua$ re%u#a$ "o %oi#" hi# i#er+ on o"her# an( re#i#" #uici(e ark hi a# a hero* =n(ee(, in an+ re#!ec"#, Henchar( con%or # "o "he "ra(i"ion o% "he "ragic hero, a charac"er &ho#e grea"e#" :ua$i"ie# or ac"ion# u$"i a"e$+ $ea( "o hi# or her (o&n%a$$* =n "he no-e$.# $a#" cha!"er#, Henchar(.# (e"er ina"ion "o #!are '$i0a)e"h;Jane an+ #orro& e$e-a"e# hi in"o "hi# a( ira)$e rea$ * A# he %ace# a $one$+ (ea"h in a hu )$e co""age, hi# re#o$-e $ie# in hi# (e#ire no" "o )ur(en an+ %ur"her a &or$( "ha" #ee # #o )en" on hu an #u%%ering* The "ragic iron+ o% Henchar(.# #"or+ i# "ha" $ea-ing ;'$i0a)e"h;Jane "o $i-e her $i%e in !eace i# hi# grea"e#" an( o#" #e$%$e## ac", !roo% "ha" he i# a an o% &or"h+ na e an( re!u"a"ion* =n#"ea(, "he no-e$ en(# &i"h "he !ro i#e o% hi# o)#curi"+* There i# no grea"er !uni#h en" %or a an &ho#e e-er+ #"rugg$e ha# )een "o #ecure hi# !u)$ic #"an(ing "han "he (ic"u "ha" he )e %orgo""enC in kee!ing &i"h hi# charac"er, Henchar( ha# a$rea(+ e )race( "hi# !uni#h en"*
Important Quotations Explained
1. The difference between the peacefulness of interior nature and the wilful hostilities of mankind was very apparent at this place. In contrast with the harshness of the act just ended within the tent was the sight of several horses crossing their necks and rubbing each other lovingly as they waited in patience to be harnessed for the homeward journey. Outside the fair, in the valleys and woods, all was quiet. The sun had recently set, and the west heaven was hung with rosy cloud, which seemed permanent, yet slowly changed. To watch it was like looking at some grand feat of stagery from a darkened auditorium. In presence of this scene after the other there was a natural instinct to abjure man as the blot on an otherwise kindly universe till it was remembered that all terrestrial conditions were intermittent, and that mankind might some night be innocently sleeping when these quiet objects were raging loud.
E$planation for %!otation &'

!. "e advertised about the town, in long posters of a pink colour, that games of all sorts would take place here and set to work a little battalion of men under his own eye. They erected greasy#poles for climbing, with smoked hams and local cheeses at the top. They placed hurdles in rows for jumping over across the river they laid a slippery pole, with a live pig of the neighborhood tied at the other end, to become the property of the man who could walk over and get it. There were also provided wheelbarrows for racing, donkeys for the same, a stage for bo$ing, wrestling, and drawing blood generally sacks for jumping in.
E$planation for %!otation &(

%. &haracter is 'ate, said (ovalis, and 'arfrae)s character was just the reverse of "enchard)s, who might not inaptly be described as 'aust has been described*as a vehement gloomy being who had quitted the ways of vulgar men without light to guide him on a better way.
E$planation for %!otation &)

+. ,I&"-./ ".(&"-01)2 3I// That .li4abeth#5ane 'arfrae be not told of my death, or made to grieve on account of me. 6 that I be not bury)d in consecrated ground. 6 that no se$ton be asked to toll the bell. 6 that nobody is wished to see my dead body.

18
6 that no murners walk behind me at my funeral. 6 that no flours be planted on my grave. 6 that no man remember me. To this I put my name. ,I&"-./ ".(&"-01
E$planation for %!otation &*

7. "er e$perience had been of a kind to teach her, rightly or wrongly, that the doubtful honour of a brief transit through a sorry world hardly called for effusiveness, even when the path was suddenly irradiated at some half#way point by daybeams rich as hers. 8ut her strong sense that neither she nor any human being deserved less than was given, did not blind her to the fact that there were others receiving less who had deserved much more. -nd in being forced to class herself among the fortunate she did not cease to wonder at the persistence of the unforeseen, when the one to whom such unbroken tranquillity had been accorded in the adult stage was she whose youth had seemed to teach that happiness was but the occasional episode in a general drama of pain.
E$planation for %!otation &+

Key Facts
FULL TITLE AUTHOR TYPE OF !E"RE

9 The Life and Death of the Mayor of Casterbridge: A Story of a Man of Character

9 Thomas "ardy
ORK

9 (ovel

9 Tragedy naturalism 8ildungsroman :a novel that charts the protagonist)s moral and psychological development; 9 .nglish
RITTE"

LA"!UA!E

TI#E A"$ PLA%E

9 1<<7=1<<>, 1orchester, .ngland

9 The novel appeared in serial form concurrently in Graphic maga4ine in .ngland and in Harper's Weekly in the ?nited 2tates from 5anuary to ,ay 1<<>. It was first published in book form in 1<<>.
$ATE OF FIR&T PU'LI%ATIO" PU'LI&HER "ARRATOR

9 2mith, .lder :in .ngland; "enry "olt :in -merica; 9 The anonymous narrator speaks in the third person.

9 The point of view is, for the most part, limited to observations concerning the e$ternal world of the characters@ how they act, what they see, and what they say. Occasionally an omniscient narrator breaks in to provide necessary information or back story, as in &hapter AAII where the narrator breaks the chronological flow of the story in order to provide essential information about events that occurred the previous night.
POI"T OF (IE TO"E TE"&E

9 Tragic, melodramatic, naturalistic 9 Bast 9 ,id#1<CC2 9 &asterbridge, .ngland :a fictional town based on the city of 1orchester;

&ETTI"! )TI#E*

&ETTI"! )PLA%E* PROTA!O"I&T

9 ,ichael "enchard 9 3racked with guilt over selling his wife and child, "enchard tries to escape from the shadow of his past and his overwhelming need to punish himself for it.

#A+OR %O"FLI%T RI&I"! A%TIO" %LI#A,

9 "enchard arranges to remarry 2usan.

9 The furmity#woman, recogni4ing "enchard as the man who sold his wife and child at a fair in 3eydon#Briors, divulges his shameful secret to the town of &asterbridge. 9 "aving fallen out with .li4abeth#5ane, his only hope for a renewed life, "enchard slinks off to a humble country cottage to die.

FALLI"! A%TIO" THE#E& #OTIF&

9 The importance of character the value of a good name the indelibility of the past 9 &oincidence the tension between tradition and innovation the tension between public life and private life 9 The caged goldfinch the bull the collision of the wagons

&Y#'OL&

9 'arfrae)s accumulation of "enchard)s business, social position, and family is first foreshadowed by "enchard)s failed day of celebration, which takes place alongside the 2cotchman)s successful party.
FORE&HA$O I"!

&tudy Questions - Essay Topics

Study Questions
1. The ,ayor of &asterbridge tells the story of one man)s fall and another)s rise. Indeed, "enchard)s fortune seems inversely proportional to 'arfrae)s@ whatever "enchard loses, 'arfrae gains. Is this a believable e$changeD If not, is there something more important than realism suggested by "enchard)s relationship with 'arfraeD
Answer for ,t!dy %!estion &'

!. 1iscuss the role of coincidence in the novel. ,any critics of "ardy have argued that the astonishing coincidences throughout The ,ayor of &asterbridge make the story improbable and unbelievable. 1o you think this is the caseD
Answer for ,t!dy %!estion &(

%. 1iscuss the role of the peasants of &asterbridge, such as &hristopher &oney, 2olomon /ongways, (ance ,ockridge, and ,other &u$som.
Answer for ,t!dy %!estion &)

Suggested Essay Topics

19
1. "ardy described himself as a determinist*in other words, he believed that the course of human life was shaped by forces, internal or e$ternal, beyond human control. 1oes this philosophy hold true in The Mayor of CasterbridgeD 3hat forces are responsible for shaping "enchard)s lifeD !. Is "enchard a tragic characterD 3hy or why notD 1oes he possess a tragic flaw that leads to his downfallD If so, what is itD %. 1iscuss the similarities between .li4abeth#5ane and 'arfrae, as well as those between "enchard and /ucetta. 3hat effects does "ardy achieve through these pairingsD +. Is "enchard a sympathetic characterD 2hould we pity him at the end of the novel, or does he seem to get e$actly what he deservesD