Primary Sources Bell, Charles.

Diseases of the Mind: Highlights of American Psychiatry through 1900 - The 1840s: Early Professional Institutions & Lay Activism. Essays on the Anatomy of Expression in Painting. N.p.: n.p., 1806. 153-54. Internet Archive. Web. 09 Feb. 2014. <https://archive.org/details/essaysonanatomyo00bell>. A book written in the 1800's. From this book, we used a picture found on page 153 which is an artist depiction of a crazy person or mentally ill. We will be using this on our background page. "Diseases of the Mind." U.S National Library of Medicine. U.S. National Library of Medicine, 14 Feb. 2013. Web. 09 Feb. 2014. <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/diseases/professional.html>. This site had information that was consistent with our research. We mainly used this for the picture of an insane woman, strapped to a pole in her bed. This was an artist depiction though, and not a real photograph. "Dorothea Dix Hospital History." NC DSOHF: History of Dorothea Dix Hospital. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Nov. 2013. <http://www.ncdhhs.gov/dsohf/services/dix/history.htm>. There were thousands of people in jails, poorhouses, and private homes that were mentally ill. After Dorothea Dix gathered information about the conditions inside these facilities, she brought the information to the legislature of North Carolina. At first, they didnt care much about what they said; they were more interested in building railroads, but eventually her speech convinced them on the importance of created asylums in the state. Dorothea, Dix. "Dorothea Lynde Dix, 1802-1887. Memorial Soliciting a State Hospital for the Protection And Cure of the Insane, Submitted to the General Assembly of North Carolina. November, 1848. [House of Commons Document, No. 2.]." Dorothea Lynde Dix, 1802-1887. Memorial Soliciting a State Hospital for the Protection and Cure of the Insane, Submitted to the General Assembly of North Carolina. November, 1848. [House of Commons Document, No. 2.]. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Dec. 2013. <http://docsouth.unc.edu/nc/dixdl/dixdl.html>. This primary source is a document Dorothea Dix compiled to present North Carolina of why asylums were needed in the state. She showed the evidence of conditions she found in jails and other places the mentally ill were kept. She described how spending money would be worth it when it gives those people the care they need. North Carolina wasnt set on creating them since they already sent the insane to jails, poorhouses, private homes, and other states. "Dorothea Lynde Dix, 1802-1887. Memorial Soliciting a State Hospital for the Protection and Cure of the Insane, Submitted to the General Assembly of North Carolina. November,1848. [House of Commons Document, No. 2.]." Documenting the American South. N.p., 2004. Web. 11 Feb. 2014.<http://docsouth.unc.edu/nc/dixdl/dixdl.html#insane3&id=30699045>. A scanned in book of the memorial state hospital. Contains a lot of important information of what the asylums really were and what happened inside of them and the overall purpose. talks about how just because someone is mentally ill, that does not mean they can't have a chance to enjoy life, which was a huge part to our topic.

"I Tell What I Have SeenThe Reports of Asylum Reformer Dorothea Dix." PMC National Library and Medicine. NBCI, Apr. 2006. Web. 6 Feb. 2014. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1470564/>. This site gave us useful information on Dorothea Dix's crusades. It told us about the conditions she saw in several jails in different cities. Malburne, Meredith. "Dorothea Dix's Advocacy for the Mentally Ill in North Carolina." Documenting the American South. UNC Liberty Library, 2004. Web. 15 Nov. 2013. <http://docsouth.unc.edu/highlights/dix.html>. The website described Dorothea Dixs attempt to create an insane asylum in the state. It had the full document linked on the page. South Carolina didnt care about making the facility since they already had jails, poorhouses, private homes, and other states to dispose of the mentally ill people. Dix argued that those people are treated like animals and arent given the chance to get better when they deserve that right. "North Carolina and Its Resources: INSANE ASYLUM." Documenting the American South. N.p., 2004. Web. 10 Feb. 2014. <http://docsouth.unc.edu/nc/state/state.html>. This was a huge document, but on page 239 through 240, we were able to find the information that directly related to our topic. We got some information and a picture that we would use on our site. "Summary of Speech of Mr. Rayner, of Hertford, on the Bill to Provide for the Establishment of a State Hospital for the Insane in North Carolina; Delivered in the House of Commons, December 21st, 1848." Summary of Speech of Mr. Rayner, of Hertford, on the Bill to Provide for the Establishment of a State Hospital for the Insane in North Carolina; Delivered in the House of Commons, December 21st, 1848. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Dec. 2013. <http://docsouth.unc.edu/nc/rayner/summary.html>. Kenneth Rayner worked alongside Dorothea Dix to fight for the mentally ill. He argues that the asylums (government supported facilities) would benefit the ill and sane. Rayner said that the government owes it to the ill to provide for his suffering; to also protect the fortunate from the insane people. He also says that the cries and moans will haunt them in their slumbers to their dying day if they dont help the insane get better. "This Month in North Carolina History." - Dorthea Dix Hospital. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Dec. 2013. <http://www2.lib.unc.edu.ncc.ref.nchistory/jan2006/>. Usually, the mentally ill who couldnt be kept with families became the responsibility of the government. The government left those people in common jails or poorhouses where they got no special treatment. By the 1840s, only Delaware and North Carolina hadnt created a hospital for the insane. Some legislatures declared the insane as a priority and tried to pass a bill, which was vetoed. It wasnt until 1856 when the facility was able to be built.

"View the Book." Memorial to the Legislature of Massachusetts, 1843. By Dorothea L. Dix : Dix, Dorothea Lynde, 1802-1887 : Free Download & Streaming : Internet Archive. Memorial to the Legislature of Massachusetts, n.d. Web. 07 Feb. 2014. <https://archive.org/details/memorialtolegisl00dixd>. This website has a PDF file of the original book "Memorial to the legislature of Massachusetts" written by Dorothea L. Dix. We found this website very useful because it is a primary source and has lots of information directly related to our topic. Secondary Sources "19th Century Prison Reform." Reform Project. Wikispaces, n.d. Web. 10 Feb. 2014. <http://reformproject.wikispaces.com/19th+Century+Prison+Reform+(7A)>. There was a lot of information of the poor conditions the mentally ill were kept in and forced to live in. Also on this website, there were very good pictures of example cells they slept in. "Antebellum Culture and Reform." Movements in America. N.p., 29 Oct. 2009. Web. 11 Feb. 2014. <http://movementsinamerica.wikifoundry.com/page/Asylum+and+Prison+Reform>. There were a lot of definitions on this website that were frequently used on other websites researching this topic. Also, there was a picture of an old cell that we used for our horrible conditions page. Casarez, Tana Brumfield. "Dorothea Lynde Dix." Muskingum.edu. Muskingum.edu, May 2000. Web. 5 Feb. 2014.<http://www.muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/dix.htm#Time Line>. Upon researching timelines, we have found this website that contains a very detailed timeline about Dorothea Dix and her life crusade. We both thought this can be very useful to get events in order and help the website viewer understand the dates. Information was consistent with previous research. Colman, Penny. Breaking the Chains: The Crusade of Dorothea Lynde Dix. White Hall, VA: Shoe Tree,1992. Print. Long ago, mental illnesses were said to be a divine punishment from God because of the sins that person did. Those people never got to redeem themselves since they were chained in jails through hard living conditions. One woman found was clinging to her cage with disheveled hair, unwashed body, and unclean clothing. "Dorothea Dix- History and Hesitance." DOROTHEA DIX - HISTORY AND HERITAGE TRAVEL IN WEST VIRGINIA TRANS-ALLEGHENY LUNATIC ASYLUM. Trans-Allegheny Lunatic Asylum, 2009. Web. 07 Feb. 2014. <http://trans-alleghenylunaticasylum.com/main/history4.html>. From this website, we used it to check consistency with our already going information. Also, It had a much more detailed description of Dorothea Dix's past and growing up and was able to help clarify vague details from other websites. Dorothea Dix Hospital. N.d. Photograph. Ncmarkers. Web. 5 Feb. 2014. <http://www.ncmarkers.com/Images/markers/H-7a.jpg>. We used this picture for our website and to show the plaque in front of an institution Dorothea Dix created. We used this for our North Carolina page.

Dorothea Dix. N.d. Photograph. National Portrait Gallery. Wikipedia. Wikipedia. Web. 04 Feb. 2014. <http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/Dix-Dorothea-LOC.jpg>. We used this picture of Dorothea Dix for our website to show a picture of her. It will be used on the page that describes her life. We found it on Wikipedia, but we only used the site for pictures. "Dorothea Dix." Dorothea Dix. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Nov. 2013. <http://www2.webster.edu/~woolflm/dorotheadix.html>. Dorothea Dix first got into the conditions of jails and poorhouses after she went to the East Cambridge jail to teach the women. She found the inmates in terrible conditions, but the workers said that the insane dont feel hot or cold. Dix proved that thought wrong when she gave a case of a woman that was insane; she got proper help and her condition was improving. "Dorothea Dix." Dorothea Dix. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Dec. 2013. <http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1092.html>. This website was one of the first we explored. It didnt say very specific information, but it gave me the very basic information I needed to get started on this project. It says Dorothea Dix visited a prison to teach women. She noticed the cells were filthy and cold and decided to try to improve the conditions and give the insane what they needed. It also gave a picture of the eastern state penitentiary. "Dorothea Dix." Dorothea Dix. Soylent Communications, n.d. Web. 04 Dec. 2013. <http://www.nndb.com/people/415/000115070/>. Dorothea Dix spent two years visiting every jail and almshouse in Massachusetts to find out the conditions that the prisoners lived in. Eventually, she visited other states and even out of the country to help improve things for the mentally ill. She tried to get 12,250,000 acres of land for asylums, but President Pierce Franklin vetoed it. Dix_Hospital. 1972. Photograph. Library of Congress, Raleigh, NC. Learnnc. Web. <http://www.learnnc.org/lp/media/uploads/2009/02/dixhospital.jpg>. This photograph shows a rear view of a lunatic asylum in Raleigh, North Carolina. We will utilize this photo as a main picture for the website. "Eastern North Carolina Hospital, Goldsboro, 1905." Wayne County Public Library. N.p., 2006. Web. 11 Feb. 2014. <http://www.wcpl.org/genealogy/POS7.asp>. Got a picture of an asylum from this website that we will use to show some of the ones that Dorothea Dix help set up. Also this website contained information pertaining to this website. "Eastern State Penitentiary." Wikipedia. Wikipedia, n.d. Web. 11 Feb. 2014. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Eastern_State_Penitentiary_aerial_crop.jpg>. (picture of Penitentiary) We wanted a picture of a penitentiary where it was known that mentally ill people were kept along with the criminals. These people were treated as criminals even though most of them did nothing wrong. We did not use Wikipedia for any information; it was only utilized for this picture.

G., Robert, and Anthony Jr. Psychiatric Hospitals. N.d. Photograph. NCpedia. 2006. Web. 5 Feb. 2014. <http://ncpedia.org/psychiatric-hospitals>. On this site, we got multiple pictures from that we thought would be useful to our project. They will be used to show what asylums that Dorothea Dix created. They will be included in the slide show on the outcomes page. This website also gave us some information on psychiatric hospitals that Dorothea Dix. G., Robert, Anthony Jr., and Ruth E, Homrighaus. "Psychiatric Hospitals." NCpedia Home Page. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Feb. 2014. <http://ncpedia.org/psychiatric-hospitals>. This website gave a history and many examples of psychiatric hospitals over time. Dorothea Dix started one of the oldest psychiatric hospitals in the states. "History of Currituck County." Currituck County, NC Government. Asylum Projects, n.d. Web. 11 Feb.\ 2014. <www.asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=Dorothea_Dix_Hospital_Image_Gallery>. This website contains many images of the asylums that Dorothea Dix created. There was modern, old, and postcard pictures of the buildings. They will be used in the slide show of pictures on the outcomes page of our website. localtvwghp.files.wordpress.com/2012/12/dix_hospital.jpg%3Fw%3D400. Web. 5 Feb. 2014. <http://localtvwghp.files.wordpress.com/2012/12/dix_hospital.jpg%3Fw%3D400>. We used this picture for our website and to show the kiosk in front of a hospital named after Dorothea Dix. It will be used in a slide show to show the several pictures of the institutions and the plaques made for them. Meyers, Barbara. "The Spirit of Dorothea Dix: Unitarians, Universalists and the Mentally Ill."Starr King. N.p., Apr.-May 2006. Web. 9 Feb. 2014. <http://www.sksm.edu/research/papers/mentallyill.pdf>. This website gave us access to a .PDF with lots of information about Dorothea Dix and her starting years of her crusade, which took place in her 40's. We used this website for information and a picture of her first asylum in New Jersey. "Middle Ages." Treatment of the Mentally Ill. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Feb. 2014. <http://mentalillness.umwblogs.org/middle-ages/>. From this site, we found little information that was new, mostly consistent with our research. But we used a picture from this site, one of a person being treated as if they were possessed. It was common to think that mentally ill people were possessed. Module 2: A Brief History of Mental Illness and the U.S. Mental Health Care System." A Brief History of Mental Illness and the U.S. Mental Health Care System. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Nov. 2013. <http://www.uniteforsight.org/mental-health/module2>. The people in the mental asylums were treated with professional staff and were given the treatment and medicine they needed. They were much better than in communities where the health care and vaccination knowledge were lacking. Then again, the asylums were underfunded and understaffed and the conditions were not very good for the people there. \

"The Most Amazing Dorothea L. Dix." Local Heart Global Soul. N.p., 31 Dec. 2009. Web. 11 Feb. 2014. <http://kiwidutch.wordpress.com/2009/12/31/dorothea-l-dix/>. This site contained a summary of Dorothea Dix and what she accomplished in her life. This website seemed biased in her favor, but the information was consistent. It helped us give an overview of Dorothea Dix to know what her life was like as we compiled the information on the website. "The New Jersey State Lunatic Asylum." Abandonedplaces:. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Mar. 2014. <http://abandonedplaces.livejournal.com/2423905.html>. This website is not a credible source, but the picture we found from it is useful. It is a picture of the lunatic asylum in New Jersey that Dorothea Dix opened. We will put it on the outcomes page to show her first founding of one of the institutions. "Timeline: Treatments for Mental Illness." PBS. PBS, 2002. Web. 04 Feb. 2014. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/nash/timeline/ This website contains information on the history of mental illnesses organized in a timeline manner. We found this information was helpful, as it showed how people handled or treated mentally ill people, and how the populations attitude towards the mentally ill has changed throughout history.