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Subdividing buildings into compartments of reasonable sizes by means of fire resisting walls & floors.
Designing & constructing the exterior of a building so that fire is unlikely to spread to it from another building. Provide adequate fixed installation for quick & effective detection & extinguishment of fires. Designing & installing building services so that they do not assist the spread of fire.
Most of the building will have more than one purpose group. E.g. Shopping Complex will have Group V (Shop), IV (Administration), Group VII (Cineplex) & VIII (Storage).
7000 28000
One sixth
28000 56000
One fourth
56000 84000
One half
84000 112000
Three fourth
Island site
The limits of dimensions for areas or volumes in buildings & compartments which are installed with automatic sprinklers are allowed to double up the limit of dimensions stated in Fifth Schedule. This provision is to reflect the reduced risks in sprinklered building.
Institutional Other residential Other residential Shop Factory Factory Store & general Store & general
2000 3000
No limit 8500
Exceeding 28m
2000
5500
Any height Not exceeding 28m Exceeding 28m Not exceeding 28m Exceeding 28m
3000 3000
No limit No limit
The following walls & floors shall be constructed as compartment walls & floors:
Any floor in building of Purpose Group II; Any wall or floor separating a flat from any part of the same building; Any wall or floor separating part of the Building from any part of the same building which is used for a different purpose group (Mixed-Development); Any basement floor exceeding 100 square metres.
Openings in compartment & separating walls, such as hotel guest rooms, AHU rooms etc.
Openings in protecting structures, such as protected staircases, protected lobbies, fire fighting access lobbies etc. Openings in partitions enclosing a protected corridor or lobby.
By-law 163 stipulates sizes, materials and FRP of Fire Doors. By-law 164 stipulates all fire doors shall be fitted with automatic door closers. The door shall be opened toward the exit route.
The building form The activities inside the building. The likelihood of fire. The potential of fire spread through the building.
Purpose Group Small Residential Institutional Hospital School Open plan Flexible plan Other residential Hotels Flats Dormitories Office Shop Factory General & Special Purpose High Hazard Open structures Place of Assembly Store & general Low & Ordinary Hazard High Hazard Parking Garage Aircraft Hangars (Ground Floor) Aircraft Hangars (Mezzanine)
In the open areas, the distance shall not exceed two-thirds the permitted travel distance. In the rooms less than six persons, the travel distance shall be measured from the doors of such rooms, provided the travel distance from any point in the room to the room door does not exceed 15 metres.
By-law 169 stipulates no exit route may reduce in width along its path of travel.
Number of treads & risers which shall not exceed 16 in a single flight unless internal stairs for individual residential unit; Dimension of treads & risers - treads shall not be less than 255mm & risers shall not be more than 180mm; Width of staircases shall be calculated in accordance with By-law 168; Depth of landing shall not be less than the width of the staircase; Minimum headroom is not less than 2 metre measured vertically from any point over the full width of the stairs; Winders are not permitted in fire escape staircases.
By-law 195 stipulates in buildings exceeding 30 metres in height, all exit staircases shall be carried to the roof level.
By-law 196 stipulates: Access to staircase smoke lobby shall be by means of fire doors. The width of smoke lobby shall be more than exit width. Smoke lobby shall be provided for exit staircase extended to basement. Smoke lobby shall be naturally ventilated (minimum 1 square metre opening) or mechanically pressurized.
Protected lobbies shall be provided to serve staircase in buildings exceeding 18 metre above ground, where the staircase enclosures are not naturally ventilated.
In buildings exceeding 45 metre above ground, the protected lobbies shall be pressurized. Protected lobbies may be omitted if the staircase enclosure is pressurized.
All staircase enclosures shall be ventilated by having a minimum opening size of 1 square metre.
In buildings not exceeding three storeys above ground, staircase enclosures may be unventilated provided that access to them at all levels through ventilated lobbies. By -law 199 stipulates: In buildings not exceeding 18 metre, staircase enclosure may be unventilated provided that access to them at all levels through ventilated lobbies & staircase enclosures are permanently ventilated at the top with minimum 5% of the area of enclosure.
Permanent ventilation at the top with minimum 5% of the area of enclosure and plus a mechanical ventilated shaft to achieved 10 air changes per hour.
Mechanical pressurization of staircase enclosures By-law 201 stipulates all staircase enclosures below ground shall be provided with suitable means of preventing the ingress of smoke. By-law 202 stipulates all staircases serving building 45.75 metres in height shall be provided with pressurized system.
Class A at least four separate exits Class B at least two separate exits & if a capacity over 600 at least three separate exits Class C at least two means of exit.
The spacing rows of seats from back to back shall be not less than 825mm, & not less than 625mm plus the sum of the thickness of the back & it inclination.
Minimum spacing between back of one seat & the front of the seat is 300mm. Maximum rows of seats between gangways are 14 seats. Maximum rows of seats opening on to gangway at one end are 7 seats. Dimension for seats without dividing arms are 450mm.
By-law 175 Calculation of Occupancy Loads By-law 176 Computing Storey Exit Width By-law 177 Computing Number of Staircases & Staircase Width Seventh Schedule of UBBL 1984
Capacity Exit
Exit width provided > Exit width required 3.9m > 3.6685m
Capacity Exi
Exit width provided > Exit width required 0.9m > 0.7m
Capacity Exit
Exit width provided > Exit width required 2.6m > 1.65m
Capacity Exit
Exit width provided > Exit width required 3.9m > 3.6667m
NOT APPROVED. BASE ON BY-LAW 179, IT SHALL BE THREE SEPARATE EXITS FOR THE CAPACITY OF 600 PERSONS (CLASS B)
Exit width provided > Exit width required 3.6m > 3.3m
The system shall be mounted at a height of 1.4m from the floor, easily accessible & well illuminated.
By-law 225(1) stipulates all building shall be provided with means of extinguishing fire system.
Fires involving organic nature with the formation of glowing ambers. E.g. wood, paper etc.
Fires involving liquids or liquefiable solids. E.g. petrol, kerosene, etc. Fires involving gases. E.g. oxygen, LNG, LPG etc. Fires involving metals. E.g. sodium, aluminium etc.
Blanketing to remove oxygen from liquid materials. Blanketing to avoid oxygen from gases. Water is not suitable because steel will collapse.
Dry powder Foam CO2 Dry powder CO2 Dry powder Dry sand
Dry Powder (Colour Code: Blue) suitable for all types of fire 9 to 12kg & sprayed at 5 to 6m in less than 2 minutes.
Sprayed pattern: Conventional down sprayed & partly at ceiling Hemispherical spray down sprayed only Side wall spray Double spay for ceiling depth more than 1200mm
Halogenated system consists of halon gas cylinders, steel piping, discharge nozzles, heat and/or smoke detectors & control panel.
The detail requirement for automatic Halogenated systems is listed under the Tenth Schedule of UBBL 1984.
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