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6"708*&*-402&9
undergraduaLe educaLlon wlll have prepared you wlLh many of Lhe skllls requlred Lo engage ln a
hu, for example an analyLlcal mlnd and an appreclaLlon of sclenLlflc meLhodology. Powever, an
anLlLhesls Lo undergraduaLe sLudy LhaL may noL be lmmedlaLely obvlous - yeL ls hugely slgnlflcanL ls,
you are now Lhe manager of your own educaLlon. revlously, ln undergraduaLe sLudles, you wlll
have followed a seL currlculum, and have been LesLed ln ablllLy agalnsL a sLandard model of
achlevemenL. ln osLgraduaLe sLudy lL ls you who decldes whaL dlrecLlon your research Lakes and
you're Lhe [udge of lLs adequacy. ?ou have Lo Lake responslblllLy for laylng Lhe paLh Lowards Lhe
accompllshmenL of a hu, such LhaL Lhe responslblllLy for deLermlnlng whaL ls requlred Lo geL Lhe
hu ls yours. lL ls no use complalnlng LhaL 'nobody Lold you Lo research ($1( Loplc'. ln posLgraduaLe
sLudy noL undersLandlng a sub[ecL ls noL an excuse, buL lnsLead, an opporLunlLy.
1he purpose of a hu ls noL Lo compleLe a Lhesls (alLhough Lhls ls requlred), Lhe purpose of a hu ls
Lo develop Lhe skllls Lo pracLlse professlonal research and Lo ascerLaln Lhe knowledge ln your area of
sLudy Lo Lhe level of an experL of Lhe fleld. As you progress your posLgraduaLe research you may flnd
LhaL you know less Lhan prevlously LhoughL, and you wlll lose lnLellecLual confldence ln yourself. 1hls
ls a necessary sLage of a hu. lrom Lhls sLaLe you rebulld your undersLandlng and come ouL of lL wlLh
skllls and confldence ln your capablllLles, plus Lhe ablllLy Lo argue your vlewpolnL and admlL when
you do noL have Lhe requlred knowledge, Lhus openlng Lhe opporLunlLy Lo learn. 1hls reform ls a key
sLep ln progresslng from Lhe spoon fed undergraduaLe Lo a compeLenL researcher.
:#"#2.089
ConLrary Lo sophomorlc bellef Lhe SclenLlflc meLhod ls noL abouL amasslng evldence and pulllng
some grand Lheory Lo explaln lL all ouL of Lhe flgures, lL ls abouL maklng a hypoLhesls Lhen
experlmenLlng Lo supporL or dlsprove Lhe Lheory. 1hls ls whaL your flnal Lhesls amounLs Lo on a
grander scale.
1o besL deflne whaL lL ls Lo generaLe research we dlsLlngulsh lL from lnLelllgence gaLherlng.
lnLelllgence gaLherlng asks Lhe 'whaL' quesLlons. WhllsL lnLelllgence gaLherlng flnds 3$1( facLs are,
research answers Lhe 'why' quesLlons. lor example, we may observe Lhe soclal lnLeracLlons of a pack
of llons over a perlod of Llme Lo ascerLaln Lhe pecklng order - whlch would be lnformaLlon gaLherlng.
Powever lf Lhe daLa gaLhered was used Lo supporL (or falslfy) a Lheory of pack hunLer soclal
eLlqueLLe lL would become research. ln Lhe flrsL lnsLance we are answerlng 3$1( happens by
observaLlon, however ln research we are explalnlng 3$@ lL happened. lnformaLlon CaLherlng and
8esearch are obvlously noL lncompaLlble, uslng lnLelllgence gaLherlng we can form Lheorles and
explanaLlons for whaL we have observed - whlch progresses us lnLo research.
;8.## 17<#" *$ .#"#2.089
1. LxploraLory research
2. 1esLlng research
3. roblem solvlng
'LxploraLory research' probes lnLo unknown areas Lo flnd whlch hypoLhesls are credlble and
develops generallsaLlons whlch explaln newly observed daLa. '1esLlng research', on Lhe oLher hand,
Lakes prlor esLabllshed generallsaLlons ln a Lheory and flnds Lhe boundarles and dlscrepancles.
'roblem solvlng research' ls concerned wlLh applylng new meLhods Lo old problems. Cf Lhe Lhree
Lypes of research lL ls 'LesLlng research' whlch prevalls predomlnanL amongsL hu sLudenLs. lor Lhe
learnlng experlence lL ls advlsable Lo Lake Lhe safer approach conLrlbuLlng by LesLlng esLabllshed
Lheorles ln ald of developlng our undersLandlng, Lhan Lo aLLempL Lo overhaul Lhe esLabllshed
Lheorles. 1he groundbreaklng foundaLlon shaklng research should be lefL Lo a laLer daLe when you
have Lhe experlence Lo conducL research Lo Lhe requlred sLandard LhaL would be necessary for any
scepLlcal professlonal Lo glve credence Lo your Lhesls.
:#=%4.#5#)1" 1* ># 2+2.,#, 2 68/9
1he followlng ls an accounL of whaL wlll be expecLed of you ln order for a docLoral sLaLus Lo be
awarded. WhaL ls ouLllned should serve as a checkllsL as you progress.
4. ?ou have someLhlng lnLeresLlng ln Lhe fleld Lo say LhaL oLhers wanL Lo llsLen Lo.
3. ?ou musL have command of Lhe golngs on ln your fleld and Lhe ablllLy Lo evaluaLe Lhe
worLh of whaL oLhers are dolng ln Lhe fleld.
6. ?ou musL have Lhe asLuLeness Lo dlscover where you can make a conLrlbuLlon Lo work.
7. ?ou musL be aware of Lhe eLhlcs of your work.
8. ?ou musL have masLery of Lhe Lechnlques employed ln your fleld and know Lhe
llmlLaLlons of Lhe Lools.
9. ?ou musL be able Lo communlcaLe your ldeas effecLlvely and eloquenLly ln Lhe
professlonal arena.
10. ?ou musL be aware of Lhe work golng on worldwlde and up Lo daLe on research belng
carrled ouL globally.
?*%. "%<#.@4"*.9
A large porLlon of managlng your own learnlng ls managlng your relaLlonshlp wlLh your supervlsor.
?our supervlsor wlll provlde guldance LhroughouL Lhe Lhree or four years LhaL you sLudy. CulLe
slmply sLaLed, lf you have a poor relaLlonshlp wlLh your supervlsor you wlll lose ouL on guldance,
whlch resulLs ln you belng noL be as producLlve, posslbly resulLlng ln a subsLandard Lhesls. ?our
supervlsor wlll besLow lnvaluable advlce, experlence and knowledge upon you and lL ls lmperaLlve
LhaL you keep Lhls communlcaLlon open by adherlng Lo Lhe followlng polnLers:
1. 8e proacLlve wlLh communlcaLlon and managemenL on all aspecLs of you and your
supervlsor's relaLlonshlp.
2. 1ry Lo fulfll Lhe expecLaLlons of your supervlsor, lf you are sLruggllng Lo do so Lhen
communlcaLe Lhls wlLh hlm. Pldlng a deflclL of knowledge or sklll from your supervlsor
wlll noL solve Lhe problem.
3. 1he role of educaLlng each oLher ls a Lwo way relaLlonshlp, brlng unlque knowledge Lo
Lhe dlscusslons you have.
4. 8ulld a healLhy fun relaLlonshlp. AfLer all, you wlll be spendlng Lhe nexL Lhree Lo four
years ln close proxlmlLy Lo your supervlsor.
3. Lnsure LhaL Lhere ls perpeLually an agreed daLe for Lhe nexL LuLorlal, weekly ls besL. 1hls
wlll encourage you Lo keep Lo deadllnes and wlll keep your supervlsor lnformed of your
progress.
MosL lmporLanLly, make a plan of alms and goals - however absLracL, and Lhe Llmes you wanL Lo have
Lhem done by. And always keep ln mlnd:
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