(continued on back cover)

Long forms
Present simple of be
I"you are
he is she is I am not you are not he is not she is not it is not we are not you are not they are not

Short forms
Itm youtre he's she's it's we're you're they're

Questions
I'm not you aten't he isn't she isn't it isn't we aren't you aren't they aren't am I? are you? is he? is she? is it? are we? are you? are they?

*."*"
you are they are

Presentsimple
I like you like he likes she likes it likes we like you Iike they like I do not like you do not like he does not like she does not like it does not like we do not like you do not like they do not like I don't like you don't like he doesn't like she doesn't like it doesn't like we don't like you don't like thev don't like do I like? do you like? does he like? does she like? does it like? do we like? do you like do they like?

Present continuous
I am working i;,;., :, , you are working''^ he is working she is working it is working we are working you:rre working they are working I am not working you are not working he is not working she is not working it is not working we are not working you are not working they are not working I'm working you're working he's working she's working it's working we're working you're working the1"1gworking I'm not working you aren't working he isn't working she isn't working it isn't working we aren't working you aren't working they aren't working arn I working? :rre vou working? is he working? is she working? is itworking? are we working? are yori working? are they working?

Past simple of be
I was you were he was she was rI wils we were you were they were I was not you were not he *as not she was not lt was not we were not you were not they were not I wasn't you weren't he wasn't she wasn't it wasn't we weren't you weren't they weren't was I? were you? was he? was she? was it? were we? were you? were they?

Pastsimple of regular verbs

helped did not help didn't help did. . . help?

Pastsimple of irregular verbs

went did not go didn't go did...go?

Past continuous
I was working you were working he was working shewasworkinS it was working we were workjng you were working they were working I was not working you were not working he was not working ="she was not working itwas noiwbrking wewere notworking you were not working thev were not working I wasn't working you weren't working he wasn't working she wasn't working it wasn't working we weren't working you weren't working they weren't working was I working? were you working? was he working? was she working? was it working? were we working? were you working? were they working?

Contents
Fage

I Are you running away,? 2 Who inventedjeans? 3 We've repaired the car 4 Have )/ou seenBen? 5 Horv much do you want? 6 FIe'sgood at drawing 7 Could vou help us? 8 She lets Ben do an,vthing I The film had almost finished l0 I've bought you a preserlt 11 She said that I waslying 12 You needn't learn 13 It must be ajoke L4 They are both from Liverpool

Presentsimple or presentcontinuous? Pastsimple or pastcontinuous? Presentperfect simpleor presentperfect continuous? Presentperfect simpleor pastsimple? Questions ing form; so/neither do I etc. would, could for requests; Uncountable nouns let, make; Indirect speech(present) Pastperfect simple; Pastperfect continuous Verbswith two objects; Time clauses Indirect speechin the past mustn't, needn't; had better, would rather must, can't for deductions; so, such both, neither;
all, none

4 8 72

16 20 21

28

32

36

{:

{5
5i)

il

f,Ei'

l 5 If I had more money . . . 1 6 The photo I like best

type 2 Conditional sentences Relativeclauses need./want + ing; have/ get something done

ffi
Eb

r 7 It needs cutting

il

I
I

Fage
-l )

18 Nick told Ben . . . 19 You ought to turn it down 20 I wish mv nose wasshorter

Indirect questiohs; Indirect commands and requests ought to, should; Phrasal verbs Question tags;wish + past simple; Plural nouns The passive: simple forms The passive: continuous and infinitive forms Verbs with to + infinitive Conditional sentencestype 3; may, might for possibility Comparison of adverbs; wish + past perfect

74

78

I -1 I

82

2L Has the thief been found? 22 The plane is being repaired

86 92

23 I want to be a doctor 24 If you hadn't . . .

)

.96 100

25 Playit more slowly

tI

t04

26 Do you want to go

Verbs with to + infinitive or ing form Future perfect simple and continuous; Present simple for future time Tense review

108 t12

27 They won't havefinished

28 Going to Cornwall

116

I Present simple or present continuous?

JENNv What's wrong? Are you running awavfrom something? JANE Yes,a horrible green lizard on a skateboardis chasing me. JENNv That isn't alizard. That's Trig, an alien from Triglon. He's very friendly. JANE I don't care who he is, I don't like him. I don't usually talk to aliens. Merton is a verv strange town. Arevounewhere? JENNY JANE Yes.I live in Kingsley,but my brother Ben and I are stayingwith myAunt Sarahand mv cousin Mike for afew months. I haven'tgot any friends here. JENNv Well, f'm going to the cinema with mv brother tonight. Do you want to come? JANE Yes,thanks. I love films . . . But is Trig coming?

Grarrmar lesson Presentsimple

We use the present simple r, for things that repeatedly happen (or don't happen) especiallywith ahva;rs, often, usually, sometimes, never, every day etc.: for things and factswhich do not usually change: with verbs such as like,love, hate, dislike, know, believe, think:

r
Presentcontinuous
We use the present continuous r for something that is happening at the moment of speaking, often with now, at the moment, today etc.: Are you runnhtg awq from something? for something that is happening for a limited time in the present: to talk about future plans, often with time expressionssuch as nextweek, on Tuesday, fqnighf; Is Tiig coming?

t t t

t t

&

li

Ll.

-Yi l{

t^

'j :-l i:-

-.: :

," t'] : _i ^t t: : ::,:l

J,'

Fit the he/she/itforms of theseverbsin the present simple into the puzzle. do hurry be have begin mix y'

Debbie Fosteris returning to Nlerton.She has won an Olmpic medalfor swimming.What's happening? Use the verbsfrom the box in the presentcondnuousto complete the sentences. come v stop shake get out ry stand enter ride wave

Fit the ing forms of theseverbsinto the ptzzle. forget choose y' hit lie rhake happen

Now the car t^ CoTnLn4 the corner. Tlvo policemenon motor bikes

round

in front of the car.

A policeman traffic. Somepeople

the

flags.

4
5

Now Debbie The IVIavor lvith her.

of the car.
hands

Now Debbie hall. 7 Jenny and Nick what'shappening.

the town

[o see on Nick's

8 Trig
shoulders.

Chapter I

3 Do you watch too much television?

These people were askedif theywatched too much television.Here are their answers. Yes,I think I do. I'm a cartoon fan. I never missa single one. I spend three or four hours a day in front of the TV. Sayif thesesentences are true or false. Correct the false statements. True. Fake. She doesn't uatchgamzshows. Dave likes video clips. Marion watchesTV for three or four hours aday. Jill playsthe piano. Max never misses a singlecartoon. her does homework in the evenings. Jill Marion readsthe TVguide from cover to cover. DavewatchesTV for an hour a day. Max hatescartoons. Jill phonesher friendswhen she comeshome from school. Dave spendsfive hours a day in front of the TV. Max watchesTV for an hour a day. Dave alwaysknou'swhat's on TV. Marion likes video clips. Dave hatesgame shows. Max thinks that he warches too much TV.

I 2
o J

MA X

4 5 6
n I

No, I don't.I have other things to do. I play the piano and read. I watch nature programmes, but I don't usuallyknow rvhat'son TV.

8 9

t_

10 11 I2 13 14 l5

L L

MARION

r_

I don't think that I rvatchtoo much TV.l rvatchfor about an hour a day.I like video clips but I think game showsare stupid. I read the TV guide from cover to cover, so I always knowwhat's on.
D AVE

Work with a partner. fuk and answerfive questionswith do or does.Give short answers.
PARTNER No, he doesn't.

telnision?
PARTNER Yes, they do.

Write your own opinion in a short paragraph. Do you watch too much television? What do you like? What don'r you like?

Yes,I do. As soon asI come home from school I turn on the TV. I sometimeswatch for about five hours a day.My Mum doesn't sayanything. I do mj, homework in the mornings when I'm fresh.

I don't watch too much

t_

Chapter I
I

J
J

-! D e :e c:i*t:s l :',r-:i
Tom and Nick are watching the house across the street.Somethingstrangeis happening. Put the verbsin bracketsin the presentsimple or the presentcontinuousto make correct sentences. roM \Mhat > arc yow ,ltatvg (you stare) at?
(not live) there. I wonder (do).

l
i J
I

NrcK There'sa man at theJohnsons' house.He

I
roM NrcK

he > d^oeA'rit
what he l
Perhaps he

(visit)theJohnsons.
(catch) the

No. Thev're not at home. Thev both I

(work) in town. They 1 sametrain asDad everymorning. It's strange.He

(look) at the housevery carefully.

Tor{ Norv he

(try) to open the gate,but

(climb) over the

it's iocked.Lookl He
/
NIC K

garden rvall. I can't see him now. Let's follow him. I want to seewhat he (do).

TO}I

He
t0 I1

(go) to the garage. He (carrv) a ladder. Norv he (put) the ladder up to the bedroom

window! NrcK He must be a burglar . . . Hev! You! What l2 (youd o )?

}I A N

It' s all right, boys.I'm an insuranceagent.I

IJ

(examine) the storm da mage to

t4

the roof. TheJohnsons that I'm here.

(know)

I..] IJ
, .t I I

nn

EItJ

Chapter I

jeans? 2 Who invented

ToM You'vegot mud on yourjeans. jeanswere NrcK So what?The prospectors' much dirtier. , roM You mean during the Californian Gold Rush?Did theywearjeansthen?

Pastsimple or past continuous? Grammar lesson Pastsimple

We form the past simple with ed or d for regular verbs. invent -r invented live --+ lived Irregular verbs have a specialform. Look at the list at the back of the book. wear -+ WOre meet --+ met We use did + infinitive without to for questions,and did not or didn't + infinitive without to for the negative. ThE didn't wear their best clothes. We use the past simple for an action that started and finished in the past, often with a time expression.

NrcK They saythat the prospectorswere the first people to wearjeans. They didn't wear their best clothes to look for gold, you know. ToM Who inventedjeans? NrcK Levi Strauss made the first pair ofjeans in America in 1850.He wasa tailor.He was travelling from New York to San Francisco, when he met somemen who were digging for gold in a cold, muddy r ive r a nd...

t t t t t t t
t
r
--

Pastcontinuous
We form the past continuous with wasr/were+ an ing form. We make questionsand negativeforms like this: He uas not (on utam't) trauellingto Nan York. We use the past continuous for an action that wasalready happening at a particular time in the past.

<?

2:

Past simple or past continuous?

\

\Arhenone action interrupts another, we use the past continuous and the past simple together in one sentence. We use ihe past continuous (wastravelling) for the longer a-ctionand the past simple (met) for the shbrter'interrupting' action. Francisco whenhemet some mzn.

r
L

t_

j
J

in the pastsimple can you find? Ho* -u.ruv'erbs Are there fourteen, sixteenor eighteen?

a .K
EN RE FW
a.

xc o
T}IR

V IEV L T N A, Y KW

CAM E

SE EN TX BV KW RA ID

EX TZ

zsA
ERE EEA \,VAT ND K UG H

xGo J AR ooK xxE

TZD

xz
EH AS NZ KW

G K F B

AV NO OU RO

'l il:

-,v3::

:jl:';

C:a:llf,'

Jennv went to u 0u.,... When Jl. arriu.d, this is what she satr'.

II

-\ --' / I\,

J-,
-\

<>

\,\brk with a partner. Study the picture for one minttte, then cover it. Take turns to read the questionsand give answersusing the past continuous. 4 or a girl? A girl uas standingnear theuindou. What was the girl near the window doing? How many people were standing near,the food? What was the girl in the corner doing?
5

6 7 8 9 t0

lVhatwasthe girl in the cornerwearing? How many people were dancing? Wasanybody sitting on the floor? How many people were playing cards? Wasanybody sleeping? lVho wassinging?A boy or a girl? Wasanybody drinking cola?

3 Howjeans came to America

Put the verbs in bracketsin the past simple or Pastcontinuous. Levi Strauss> U.m.& of Germany. When he
I

(come) from a small town in the south (be) ayoung man, he (fall) in love with the mayor's daughter. (notwant)

But the mayor and Levi's parents them to marry.

Levi'sparents1
his brothers 5 tailors and they

(send) him awayto NewYorkwhere (live).They (teach) him to sew. (take) somesailcloth from NewYork (be)

Levi9 In 1850.

(meet) somemen. They when he to San Francisco l0 (dig) for gold in the streamsand rivers.The weather was bad. It l l t2
l3

(rain) and the wind (blow). The men were cold becausethey (wear) only thin trousers.

L L L L L L L L
:

Suddenly Levi l 4
15 16

(have)an idea. He (use) the sailclothwhich he (transport) to make Eousersfor the men. Then he (sew)on metal studsto make them stronger. (love) the trousersbut they (not like) the yellow-grey colour. So when Levi (open) a tailor'sshop in San Francisco, he (import) a specialthick blue material from Nimes (become) blue.
-

t7

The men l8
l9

Strauss 20
91

in France.That's howjeans3

L L L
L-

Chapter 2

r
I

A 'a
a

Where did he come from?

Use the words in bracketsto write questions about Levi Strauss.

Ptc'1.

A Ingnt
I

Whe,r<.d+d h,e au*- fwn?

I His parents sent him to America. (Where) Read aboutJane'sfrightening experience. Put the verbsin bracketsin the pastsimple o:' the pastcontinuous. 1> Uu'!h'L and it l
4

2
4

His brothers taught him to sew.(What)

(catch)the nine o'clockbus home lastnieht. 11>urtuJ (get) dark (rain) hard aswell. (get off) the bus, (take) his dog for a walk. (walk) in the opposite

(When) In 1850he setout for SanFrancisco.

When I ? who 1

there wasno one in the street,onlv an old man

J

4
t

He met some prospectorson the way.(\Mho)

He1
direction.

They were digging in a river. (\Ahere)

Suddenly,I I behind m e.I9

but thetr7 nearer.I9

(hear) footsteps (begin)to run

(come) nearer and (run) faster and

They were wearing thin trousers.(What)

faster,andI9 fright.

(shake)with

7
t

FIe wastaking sailcloth to California. (What)

I finally 10 just asI

ll

(reach)home,but (put) the key in the (feel) a hand on my

d o o r, I t2 He made trousersfrom the sailcloth. (What. . . from) shoulder. A man'svoice t3

l4

(sav),'Excuse (leave)it on the bus.'

me Miss,here's your umbrella.You

J

The men didn't like the colour. (\,Vhv) Think of an experienceor a situationwhich frightened you. Write a short paragraph about it. Include where you were,what you were doing and what suddenlyhappened. Read your story to the class.

10 He imported blue material from France.

(Where. . . from)

I
I

Chapter2

l-J I

3 We'\'e repaired the car

presenr perfect simple or

presentperfectcontinuous?

JENNv Nick, you're coveredwith oil. What have you been doing? NrcK Well,Jane'scousin Mike hasbought an old car, and it has been making strange noises,so we have been helping him to repair it.Jane and I have been working on it for hours. We'vejust finished. We've cleaned all the parts.The engine looks like new. JENNv But Nick, you have never repaired a car be fore. . . );rcK It's easl'. And look, I've found all these extra screl\rs.

lLl "'

t_.t

t__.|

-r
L.-

tGrammar lesson Presentperfectsimple

Form have or has + past participle Look at the back of the book for a list of irregular verbs and their past participles. Use We use the present perfect simple u for a completed action with just, already and yet:

Presentperfect continuous
Form. have been or has been + ing hehas bem working Use We use the presentperfect continuous r for an action that beginsin the past and continues up to the present.The action may be finished or unfinished: with for and since and how long to emphasizehow long an action has been happening: often with the long acrion verbsplay, learn, do, wait, live, rain, work, sleep etc.:

r
I

-....-

E for a completed action which has an effect or result in the present: (result:The engine looks like new.) z, for a completed action at an unknown or unstated time, often with ever and never:

i--

Chapter3

L L L L

I t_

I
I_

R-ng t-nepast participles

How many past participlescan you find? Be careful! Some words are in the past simple form.
KX D R Aw ' N S

I
I

Round the class, saythe infinitive,pastsimple and past participle forms of the verbsyou have found. infinitive past simple uas past participle been

I
I

LS

Azq
TFR EXS
IVl

NZJUTRST OZ E N E IPO W U i l IYZ T OL NTRANTKE a .w A SS EE N D R T V EN N a . N XGON Ea .Z

J
I

ow
WA
N

NWE KEN

TA FE SH

LLA,
AKE

2 The race
I

I
I

i
a
I I

Ia

Look at rvhat has happened in the race. Read the sentences and put a y' to show if they are true or false.

True

False

-I I I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 l0 Driver 3 has fallen out. Car 7 has lost its steeringwheel. Cars I and 3 havecrashed. Car I has lost a wheel. Driver I has fallen into the water. Car 7 has got stuck in the mud. Driver 4 has driven into a tree. Car 3 has a flat tyre. Car I has overturned. Car 4 has won

MT NM NT

nx
!T NT
NT

I
J

!n

NT

I
I

nn

!n

n tr

Work with a partner. Ask and answerfour questionsabout the race.

PARTNER pARTNER No, he hasn't. Cars I and 7 haue lost zuheek.

S^<-X
3 Chapter

3 Activities
a

Write new sentencesusing the present continuous with for.

L L
riding lessons. Pamtakes Shestartedin 1991r t__

Ja'n*- /'n"t bzLt+ ta*rng

!.?/3.t4141 to7- -..
tn

tauit

U?ZrS.

1 Jenny playsthe piano. Shestartedin 1988.

l_

Tom collects football posters.He started in 19 8 7 .

Marion writes to a pen-friend in Athens. She

started in 1989. I

Nick goes to a youth club. He started in 1990.

10 Peterworksin a supermarket on Saturdayr.L in 1992. He started

Paul draws cartoons. He started in 1989. 11 Jill goes to karate lessons. She started in

re87

Jane collecs old bottles.She startedin 1988.

12 Ann writespoems. in 1990. Shestarted

f

Tom plays football for the school team. He started in 1989. b Saythe answersto (a) with since. takingtennis hssons since1991. Jane has been
t

4 I have been collecting . . .

On a piece of paper, write a sentenceabout a hobby or sport thatyou do regularly. Use the present perfect continuous with for or since to sayhow long you have been doing it.

The teacherwill collectall the papers giu. "ia them to different students.

Taketurns to guess whosepaperyou havegol f Continue until you havefound the right person. lhetchup labek fm twoyears?
GEoRGE Yes,I haae. oR No, I haam't.

I lv,ue bet L @V

fufl'htf

lah'* f*

tun gurt.

Do not write your name on the paper.

Chapter 3

L L

3 a

14hat have th"y been doing?

Complete the sentences with the present perfect simple or the present perfect continuous.

_'
I

magazine.She hasn't finished ityet. I Ben but he hasn't found it yet. (look) for his pen-knife, (wait) for the bus for half (play) a computer game I have got it right!

,
I l I

Jenny
an hour, but it hasn't arrived yet. Nick for two hours and he's still playing.

-,
-i

3 4
J

Mike hasn't finished painting his car yet. He (work) on it for two weeks. Amanda Mike's car (not come) home yet. (make) strange

She has been shopping in town since l0 o'clock.

I I

6
4 t

l'"r lc.n

noises.Nick andJane have cleaned all the parts. Ben'has been drawing cartoons for two hours. He (not finished) yet.

iT{"b
o" 4r...

+I

8 Amanda has been waiting forJenny in town.Jenny

I

(not arrive) yet.

9 Jane.has been knitting a pullover. She fiust finish) it. 1 0 Tt

stopped yet. (rain) all day and it hasn't

4Fo

J\

\^5=r

\J

II

Mr Blake has been marking testsall evening but he (not find) a perfect one yet. (practise) the present

t2 Trig
perfect, but he hasn't got it right.

Think of ajob or activity that you have started but have not finished, for example, something that you are making, reading or drawing. Write a short paragraph about it. Sayhow long you have been doing it.

c3>

.J

Chapter 3
--t

-..]

3 flave you seen the film?

Cross out the wrong verb forms. YesterdayNick

> metltMet

Paul and Ben on his way to school.

'Metal Man Strihes Bachis on at the cinema. I Have you seen/Did you see i t? ' 2 has asked/asked Nick. ' No.I 3 haven't gone/didn't go to the cinema for months.' since my

4 answered/hasanswered P aul.'I 5 haven't been/wasn't birthday.'

'But I 6 saw/have seen Metal Man Strih.es BachII and TheFly'sReuenge,'

7 said/has said B en.'I 8 have seen/saw them last week in Bristol. My

q::?

cousin'sfriend t has given,/gave us two specialpasses. We saweight films in two days,' 10 has explained/explained any of them.' Ben. 'But I can't remember

4 Haveyoue ve r...?
Practise making dialogues with your partner by using the information in the table. Then fill in the empty part of the table with your own ideas and make new dialogues with your partner. Haueyou aner been to Spain?
PARTNER
YOU

r
I

Yes.I haue.

Whendid you go there?

I went theretuo years ago.

PARTNER

What/Whne
go

Whm

What/TVhere

When

to Spa/rtuo qeart a:qo see frfuToatr ol Lond"ot+ w tqql Larfrftislt, watch thz h,b.u Sl'lnu)
read hear

frz,nkpn*Ain
a. ru^il,b platt
-

two tytotbl-u aAo

hrt

hreek

Chapter4

5 How much do you want?

NrcK Can you lend me somemoney until the weekend? ToM Have you spentyour pocket money already?How much do you want? Not much. Do you need more than a pound? No. Sorry.I had to buy a new light for my bike yesterday. Why don't you ask someone else?

Questions Grammar lesson Questions

1 In yes/no questionsthe auxiliaryverb comesfirst. The subjectcomesnext, then the verb. Can you lend me money? Yes/No. Have you spent it already? Yes/No. Do you need a poundi Yes/No. Questionswhich askfor information begin with question words: where, when, what, who, which, why, whose, how, how much etc. We put the question word before the auiiliary u.ib. How much Why have did you got? you need it?

I -J

NrcK Howmuchhaveyou got? ToM

_l _l
f.

NrcK flaven't you got more than that? roM

__J

NrcK Why did you need a new light?What happened? roM NrcK roM Someoneknocked my bike over and broke the front light. Who knocked it over?Why didn't they pay for it? I don't know.I didn't seewho did it.

l -l

If who or what is the subject,the verb in the question is the sameas it would be in ' an affi rmative sentence. subject.) (What is the subjecr.) Whathappened? If who or what is the object of the verb, r we make the question with a form of do. Compare: (Who is the subject.) Whodid Nich see? (Nick is the subject. Who is the object.) To make a negativequestion we add n't to the auxiliary verb. Negativequestions can expresssurprise or regret. Whydidn't thE payforit? With Why don't you/we. . . ? we can make suggestions.

-=.-

_
-I J

_T

Chapter 5

What kind of person are you?

Complete the questions with the correct form of be, have or do. Then ask your partner the questionsand put a y' in the correct box. yes no

Arc Do
I
9
o J

you sometimesshy? you enjoy puzzles? you sometimes day-dream? you ambitious? your room usually tidy? you like getting up early in the morning? clothes important to you? you seriousabout sports? being fit important to you? you worry when you make mistakes? you often bored? you cry during sad films? you laugh a lot? you ever written a poem? you ever get angry? some colours make you feel happy? you got a lot of hobbiesand interestsi

nn
IN TN

XM MN TI

ti

4
J

tr n

b
I

8 9 10

nn nn ntr

TN TN

l1

r2
-l

nn
T!

tr!

13
!

T4 I5

t rT ln

icr
JL.

Who did it?

Last Saturday night someone shot the actor Henry Farthing at his flat in London. Inspector Soameswants to know the answersto these questions. Put in the correct question words: who, what, when, where, why, how, orhowmuch. Sometimes two answersare possible. did Farthing go rvhen he left the house? 6
I

iE

did he meet? did he meet him at six o'clock? sawFarthing last? did the murderer get into Farthing'sflat? doesJanetJones, his girlfriend, know? did Farthing phone her that evening? is the gun?

8 I

10
I 2 3 4 murder? was the motive? is the main suspect? information have the police got? happened on the night of the ll

r2

Chapter5

3 All about sharks

Use the words in bracketsto make questions about sharks. 8 (How many) Soup can be made from sharks.(What)
!

How rnnnt fupu of slqn*

A,rc tt42t9?
but some live in lakes Sharkslive in oceans, and rivers. (Where)
!

In Florida about 120,000 sharksare killed everyyear.(How many)

;

Whzt<,d^osha,ila thn?
10 Fewer than 100 people are attackedby
Sharkseat fish, seals, crabsand seabirds and sometimessurfboards.(What) sharkseveryyear. (How many)

D
I

?
I

The Whale Shark is the largest shark. (Which)

F
I
rF

Sharks'teeth can be 7.5 centimetres long. (How long)

r
I

Sharkscan have3,000teeth. (How many)

I
F

Sharksfind their preywith their senseof smell. (How)

The Megamouth sharkwasdiscoveredin 1983.(When)

Millions of sharksare killed worldwide every year. (How -*y) Are there any sharksin Merton Pond?
t

Chapter 5

! i

ilIystery man
Read the m)'ster)'man's answersand write the questions. Then guesswho it is.

3 a

\!ho? lfhat? When?

Vlakethree quiz questions about eachfact. Begin rvith who, what or when. Ura n u sin 1 7 8 1 . Wrc discoaered Uranus? Wen did Hsrschel discounUrar'us? Wat did Herschel discousr in 1781? Whenwas Uranusdiscouered? 1 2 3 4 Edisoninventedthe light bulb in 1879. Howard Carter discovered the tomb of Tutankhamun in 1922. Henry Dunant founded the Red Cross in 1 8 6 4 . Daniel Defoe wrote Robinson Crusoe in 1719.

'ao oo ao qg oo gos

'

I I
I

I wasborn in 1947.
I was born in the States.

Make quiz questionsabout the history of your country. Write five questions with who, when, where,what or how. Ask your questions round the class.

I
I first use.l a movie camera when I was a boy.

I 2
c
T

I filmed toy trains.

5 I starteddirecting TV programmeswhen I wa s21 . I madeJawsin 1975. E. T wasmy biggestsuccess.

It made more than 700 million dollars. -

Suggestions
With a partner, make suggestionswith Whydon'tyou...? You lt's hot in here. PARTITER Wy don't you opena zuindow?

2
o J

I have also directed IndianaJones, TheColor Purple and Hooh.

.a

4 5 6
F7

The mysteryman's name is

8 9 10

I'm thirsty. I've got a headache. I'm tired. I've got a lot of homework to do. I'm hungry. My bicycle is dirty. My feet are wet. I'm cold. I'm alwaysshort of money. Mv watch is broken.

-Chapter 5
t

6 He's good at drart,ing

T OM

ing form; so,/neither do I etc.

J

I have an idea. We all need money', so how about*itirg and selling a newspaper? That's a good idea, Tom. But is anybody interested in \ riting articles? Well, I like uriting stories. So does Ann. So do I. And I enjoymakingup quizzes and puzzles. I don't mind interviewing people. Neither do I. How about asking Paul to do the drav"ings? He's good at drawing cartoons. So am I. No, you're not. You can't draw anything. Neither c:rnyou. Anylra;l I'd like to write about cleaning up the environment. Everybody's interestedin that.

Grammar lesson ing form

We use an ing form I after the verbs like,love, enjoy, dislike, hate, can't help, don't mind, start, finish: f *jq maktngup quize,es. I don't mind intqvieuing people. 2 after prepositions about, at, in etc.: drawings? He's uerygoodat drawing cartoons. \\ho's interested in witi,ng artichs?

7 I

JENNY

F
I

JA NE A MANDA

|' I |' I

T OM \ I CK JE NNY

N I CK TO ]\I

r I
r I
7 7 I
]

NICK

so/neither do I etc.
We use so . . . to agree with affirmative statementsand neither . . . to agree with negative statements. If be, have, do, can, could, should, will, must etc. are used in the original statement,we use a form of the sameverb after so-or neither. Soam I. Soare Tbmand Mihe. Youcan't drau. Neithercanyou.

But if the verb in the statement is an ordinary , verb (like, enjoy, know etc.), we use a form of do after so and neither.
,

SodoesAnn. Sodo I. I don't mind intrui,ewing p eoplc. Neitherdo I. Neithu doesTbm.

,
I

cr,unt.. o

newspaper
l

Are vou good at drawing?

\Aiite true answers to the questions with verbs in the ing form.

J 'j l
li l$

1 |i ti

No,I'm nrt. Bul,I arngod- at,

on Yu I an+. f 'm a,ha ,arod. aL

l:l
-4 tl ,-l t!l

lE Jj ; .i
-: 1

lii

J:

1;

2 Put the verbsin brackets in the ing form. NrcK Peopleare tired of >ra&uV(read) about the sameold things in newspapers.
JENNY Have you got any new ideas? NrcK , Well, I'm good at I (write) about football. 3

Are you interestedin collectingstamps?

ii i': t.,

_t

-:
I

Are you bored with watching television?

Are you good at savingmoney?

ra

ta

JENNv That's not new! Can't you think of (do) anything else? NrcK Whv? Isn't evervbodv crazv about

Are vou interestedin reading computer magazines?

(play) football?
JENNY
tt

No. How about 1

(have)

You're fond of a music page? (listen)to music.

NrcK And we could have a joke column. I'm (tell)jo k e s . good at 6J

Are you tired of doing Englishexercises?

JENNY Are you still l n te re s te d l n (do) an article about

I'm tired of making mistakes.

the environment? NrcK Of course.And I've got an idea. How (organize)a about 8competition? Readers have to suggest (make) schools ways of 9-

'greener'. They shouldsendin ideason

s

I
'!

10

(reduce) wastepaper

essays ... like stopping exams,tests,

-.= Chapter 6 ,

He loves playing chess

How good ajudge of character are you? Look at the three people and sayfive sentencesabout each of them with words from each box. Use the ingform. like love hate dislike not mind enjoy wash up play football sew take exercise sleeplate eatpizza drive fast cars read about philosophy play chess fix the car listen to music

C I

I
I
I
I

M I SS

MA Y

L A RRY

PROFESSOR

PERKS

] I

LI

\4lhat Ben can do

about himself.Max Ben haswritten sentences and Ann have put a ,/ to show that the sameis true for them or a x to show that it isn't uue for them. Make sentences about Ben and his friends with neither or so, like this:
BEN
]\T AX ANN

5 Cornpare yourself with others

Saysix setsof sentencesabout what you have in common with other people (looks,interests,likes, with so . . . or dislikesetc.). Include sentences neither. . . My hrothercolkctsinsects. Sodo 1. on Neithn do L My cousindoesn'tlike mushrooms. Mybrother/sister/cousin My father My mother My bestfriend The pupil next to me Our teacher
Amanda doesn't like mice. Neither do L

trM
Ben likesbasketball. Ann. Sodoes

MM
Ben can't speah Greeh. Neithercan Max or Ann.

1
2
o J

I 2 3 4 5 6

4 I 6 I n I 8 I 9 I 10 I
c
I

havegotapet. don'tlike country music. have been to Spain. am not shy. don'twatch romantic films. don't know how to dance.

M M

Mtr Mtr
I E

M tr

L
L

M M

Chapter6

ilIatch the speakers

Match the statementsto the answers. Who is speaking to whom?

I would like to have a new bicycle.

PETER

; E NNv

I like pizza.
' 1 ( (( tt\) t

JA N E

So would I.

ti: '" t\
2 seu

/^)h I won't be fourteen until next year.

qfti))

TRIG

peur

I don't like going to the dentist's.

BRIAN

Neither will I.

AMANDA I can't dance very well.

MARToN Neither could I.

Nrcx

I have bought a new cassette.

TOM

BEN

I couldn't do the Maths test.

JAMES

oavn

I'm going to the pop concert.tomorrow.

S IMON

Chapter 6

7 Could you help us?

would, could for requests; Uncountablenouns

_t
aI

-J

Grammar lesson would, could

When you ask for something, would and could are more polite than can. We use would you or could you when we ask someone to do something. We use could I and couldwe to ask for permission.
(
I

I 7 I
I

t_
e

I I

NrcK

Mike, havevou heard about our newspaper?

Uncountable nouns
We can count nouns like book. They have a singular and a plural form.

MrKE Yes,I have.It soundslike a great idea. But I expect you'll need some help. NrcK Well, we need some advice and a lot of information. Would you help us with a few things?

MrKE Of course.\Arhat can I do? NrcK Could you drive us to interviews? And could I borrow your microphone and tape recorder?

Some nouns are uncountable.They have no plural form and they take a singular verb. We use them alone or with some/any, a lot of, 7 I notmuch, howmuch. We do not use them I with a/an or with numbers.
t-

Kinds of food, materials (e.g. sand, gold, 7 I wood) and abstract nouns are often Luncountable. Here are some more examples:

v
advice fun furniture help information jewellery knowledge luggage money music news progress traffic work
I

... and could you lend us some money for a computer. And could I

information. With a piece of we can make uncountable nouns countable: a piece of advice, two pieces of news. The word hair is countable and uncountable. A single hair is countable. The hair on your head is uncountable.

7
F

Would you change the oil, please?

Mike has taken his car to the garage. Here is his list ofjobs for the mechanic. Begin with Would you . . . ? \,!'hat does he say? Wqu.U qow c,t1at14etdte otL, pleaat T I 2 3 4 5 6 check the brakes oil the doors replace the broken light check the tyres repair the radio

B"ittg polite
Make requestswith CouldI. . . ?
7

put in a new battery You are in a shoe shop. You want to try on the black shoesin the shop window. ow tla blar* slues tn CourbLI *t
7

Would you sendthe bill to my mother,please?

tA,e windn^t, Flu,u?

You are in a caf6.Ask for the bill. You are at an airport check-in desk.You would like to have a window seat. You are sitting in a restaurant.Ask someone at another table for the salt. You are having a meal at a friend's house. You would like some more potatoes. You are in your English class.You want to borrow your teacher's dictionary. You are in a restaurant.You would like to use the telephone.
7

r
I

r I
7 I
I

I I
I

Chapter7

F
I

I I I I I l l

3 The Ancient Egrptians

a

Do you know thesefactsabout the Ancient Eglptians? Crossout the wrong r.r'ords.
\\'e have found a lot of interesting

about life in Ancient Egypt. Most Egyptian children wenr to school when rheyu,ereeight.

Therewassportfor the boysonly,whichwasn't

F/-".lr

fun for the girls. The teacherswere very strict, but the Egyptians 1 musics/music rnstrument.
Eglptian houses did not have as

and most children learned to play an

2 much/manv

Iurnrture as our

houses. The furniture

3 was/were

usually made F-t4 "t

tr;71

nood, but rich peoplehad furniture d.ecorated with

ivorv or gold.

,|J
L
I

Their clothes were made of linen but in winter, some people wore

L, LL, L-

wool. Because of the hear,mosrpeople wore rheir 7f ^t] 7 hair/hairs short.Rich people sometimes wore wigs.

\\bmen *o..

I 8 til

beautifuljewellery. Eglpt had gold mines,

jewellerywasmade of 10 -/" | I gold. All

9 a lot of/many

men and women,whether rich or poor, wore make-upand perfume. Thev got milk and
lot of

1l meat/meats from goats,and they ate a 13 food,/foods

l2 fish/fishes . They sweetened their

r r

with honey. Thev baked their ovens.They also ate

14 bread/breads in mud-brick fruit.

15 a lot of/manv

t_
l_ l_,
Chapter 7

lb

I I I I
-l
)

Savif the sentences are true or false.Correct the false ones. furniture in their houses. False.Thq didn't hauemuchfurniture in their houses. True. I 2 3 4 5 6 We haven't found much information about life in Ancient EgJpt. Not much Egyptianjewellerywas made of gold. They didn't eat much fruit. They ate a lot of fish. The men wore make-upand perfume. The children had a lot of fun at school.

\Abrk rvith a partner. Ask and answerfour questions about the Ancient Egyptians. Ask about their furniture, their clothes,their jervellery,their hair or their food. > you Did theAncientEgptians weartheir hair long? rARTNER No,thq woretheirhair short.

J 4 .J J
J

Find the mystery word

Which words are uncountable? Ring the uncountablewords and fit them into the puzzle (across) in order to find the mystery word (down). suitcase coin progress music answer week gold fact luggage news chair sandwich furniture money slqry 6D knowledge song

I ,J
I I

-l

The mvstervword is:

Chapter 7

B She lets Ben do anythitg

You look upset. JENNvWhat'swrong,Jane? JANE I u'antto go sailing,but my aunt won't let me go. She'stoo strict. Shelets Ben do everything, and he's younger than me. Yesterday she let him watch TV until midnight. Shemakesme do the washing up everyday,but she never makes Ben do anything. It isn't fair.

let, make; Ind.irectspeech (present;

E

Grammar lesson let, make

After let and make we use an object + infinitive without to. She lets him She makes me do do everything. the washing up.

Indirect speech (present)

This is direct speech. This is indirect (reported) speech. We can leaveout that.

say is a reporting verb. If the reporting verb a is in the presenttense,there is no changeof I I tensein indirect speech.
Later,Jennl' tells Nick aboutJane's problem. JENliy Jane says that she wants to go sailing, but her aunt won't let her go. She says her aunt makes her do the washing up every dav but she never makes Ben do anvthing. NrcK It's exactly the same at our house. Mum makes me tidy up and she never lets me play loud music.

Shesays shewantsto go sailing. (presentindirect) Sometimes other wordschangein indirect speech, for example,pronouns. that hq aunt won't lethu go. Jane says (indirect)

r
l__
I

f L f l_

L_-_

r -r
r
F

I '_.']

r +
Chapter 8
I

I I

li

LJ ,J

It makes me laugh
What do these things make you or others do? Use words from each list to make ten sentences. Onionsdon't makernecr\. onions puzzles jokes presents toothache quizzes a new hair style funny cartoons exercise sad films

l L-

make(s) doesn't/don't make

you me my sister/brother my friend some people

lr Ll

I
I

feel happy laugh cry feel cross think feel tired feel good

r
L

I'J

u
r'r

l-.r 2
l ,' L
ia

They let me have parties

Sayfour things from the box that your parents let you do. Sayfour things that they don't let you do. Theydon't let mzstayout late. have parties stayout late go on holidaywith friends buy your own clothes go out in the eveningsalone bring friends home listen to loud music wear whatever clothes you want watch late films on TV talk on the telephone for hours spend los of money on records What do your parents make you do? What don't they make you do? , Write a short paragraph. Here are some ideas: keep all your things in your room help at home eat everything on your plate get up early on Sundays do homework every night do the washing up clean your shoes

,J
l*

--

rl

Kidnapped!
Someone has kidnapped the son of the industrialistJames Thornton. The Thorntons have just received this note from the kidnappers.

Sports at school
Amanda is doing a surveyfor the newspaper. She is askingpupils what they think about sportsat school. I hate running round the gym and getting hot and sweaty. We shouldn't haveto do
games at school. It's got nothing to do with ,

TYehuu.mlltEfililtil yonnr son.

we have not hurt hirn. FIe is riole and, rnre1.

learning.
D

You must not

police.

the

Everybod,v should do sports every day.Two lessons a week are not enough. Most pupils don't take physical fitnessseriously

't,.

veh.;

a {.

-,

police You dill sgn again. \Ne wants11smillion Bounals

,ir o(
,

in@l!
Finish telling what the What doesthe note say? note says. ... Thorntons' son.It says
I am very good at

They should teachjudo or tennls, notJust running orjumping. I would like to do aerobics and selfdefence.

'

ga-mes. I love all sports: swimming,skiing, f o o t b a ll. . . I t ' s ro o

we have to learn maths

and geographyat

I like sportsbut I don't like the oneswe do at school.I once fell off
the rope and broke m

F I
I

Teachers shouldn't give marksfor games.Some pupils are too weak or unfit. It isn't their fault if they're not good.
MA R IA

I
I

F I I
L_

ChapterB

Answer the questions. 8 sports lessons? lthat doesJill sayabout gamesat school?

What does Beth sayaboutjudo and tennis?

What does Nlaria sayabout pupils who are too weak or unfit?

What does Dave sayabout the sports they do at school?

10 What does Beth sayabout aerobicsand

self-defence?

What does Nlaria sayabout marks for games? Work with a partner. Sayrvharyou rhink about the number of times you havegamesclasses each week and the kinds of gamesyou play.

What does Simon savabout physicalfitness?

Your partner then reports lvhat you sayto the class. Wehauetoomam) games classes.
PARTNER John sals ue haue too many gamesclasses.

What does Nlark sayabout maths and geography?

What doesJill sayabout running round the gym?

What does Dave sayabout a sports injury?

Headlines
Make up three newsheadlines.They can be serious, amazing or funny. They don't have to be true. Write them on a piece of paper. Your teacher will collect them and give them to other pupils. They must tell the classwhat the headlines say.

htueiMlzd, NatYo*. AILiaA

Chapter8

9 The film had almostf;nisired

roM Did you enjoy the film yesterday? NrcK Well, it's a long story.I got on the busbut I had forgotten my bus fare. roM So what did you do? NrcK I got off the bus and ran home, but everybodyhad gone out. I couldn't get in, becauseI hadn't taken my key.So I went to Paul's house to borrow some m on e y. . . ToM NrcK Wait, let me guess: he'd spentall his monevthat afternoon. No. He hadn't come home yet. When he finally arrived, I had been waiting for twenn'minutes. After he had lent me some money,I caught the next bus. But when I got to the cinema,the film had almost finished.

Pastperfect simple; Pastperfect continuous

fI

I I s I
:

Grammar lesson Pastperfectsimple

I We forni the past perfect simple with had + pastparticiple. Look at the list of irregular pastparticiplesat rhe back of the book. Nichhadn'tput hiskq in his pochet. Had youforgottenyour key? Longforms I had forgotren I had not put 2 Shortforms I'd forgotten I hadn't put

r r r

t
Now Nick is telling Tbrnhisstm1.

We use the past perfect for a past action which happened before another past action. Yesterday morning I hailfrgotten my rnonE. Yesterdayevening I couldn't buya ticket.

r r
l

This happened before that.

We often use the past perfect with becauseand after. Aftn Paulhad lent nrcsonumo.rLq^, I ciught thi next bus. Chapter 9

9 The film had almostf;nished

roM Did you enjoy the film yesterday? NrcK Well, it's a long srory.I got on the busbut I had forgotten my bus fare. roM So what did you do? NrcK I got off the bus and ran home, but everybodyhad gone out. I couldn't get in, becauseI hadn't taken my key.So I went to Paul's house to borrow some m o n e y. . . ToM NrcK Wait, let me guess: he'd spentall his monevthat afternoon. No. He hadn't come home yet. When he finally arrived, I had been waiting for twenn'minutes. After he had lent me some money,I caught the next bus. But when I got to the cinema,the film had almost finished.

Pastperfect simple; Pastperfect continuous

t-

L L

Grammar lesson Pastperfectsimple

I We forrri the past perfect simple with had + pastparticiple. Look at the list of irregular past participlesat the back of the book. Nichhadn'tput hishq in his pochet. Had youforgottm your kq? Longforms I had forgotten I had not put 2 Shortforms I'd forgotten I hadn't put

t_ t_

t_

t
Now Nick is tzlling Tbrn his stmy.

We use the pasrperfect for a past action which happened before another past action. Yesterday morning I hadforgottat rnl rnonE. Yesterday evening I couldn't buya tickct.

l_ I-

This happened before that.

We often use the past perfect with becauseand after. Aftn Paulhad lent nrcsonle morlq^, I caught thi nextbus. Chapter 9

r
t

t.

Pastperfect continuous
We form the past perfect continuous with had been + an ing form for all persons.

We use the past perfect continuous for a past action which continued until another past action happened. Past Nick had.bem waiting . . . Past Paul aniaed. Now Nick is tellingTbm what happened.

(fortwenQ To""*r.

This happened before that.

1 Nlystery word
Can you recognize the past perfect forms? If the verb is in the past perfect simple or continuous form, leave the letter in the box at the end of the sentence.If the verb is in another form, crossout the letter in the box. If your answersare correct, you can answer the question below. I had seenhim before. Has she written to you? I
9

x
U
A N N A N I

I am talking on the phone. The boy hadn't been to the disco. Had she forgotten to pay? How long had he been waiting? We had had supper. Had you met him before? He hasn't been living here long. She hadn't had a shower. Had she been writing a letter?

3 She had long hair. 4 6

I

5 Your friends have arrived.

8 I l0

B A A
L
OO

Question: Who crossedthe Alps with thirtysevenelephantsin 281 BC? Answer:

Chapter 9

What came first?

Read the sentencesand put a ring round the action that came first. Then write one sentence with the past perfect simPle and because. .^. )

Nuokdld;t

,qeLm, bunuz

LLe/1ai- fTrqnful.

/"4 k?4 blkz.

I

tn fi,e yLkl, {afLp tur'e,,at.

hnL stdkn hff furaLL/J!- s6t4-tzo14,eS,tn,ti,orL

1 Tom spentall his pocket money.He couldn't buy a pen. 2 Ben felt ill. He ate four packetsof crisps.

3 Jenny didn't havebreakfast. Shefelt very hungry. 4 Mr Bell couldn't read his letters.He broke his glasses. Nick couldn't play basketball. He hurt his thumb. 6
'7

Ben didn't turn off the tap. The bath overflowed.

Mike forgot his wallet.He couldn't pay the restaurantbill.

8 Jenny got sunburned,Sheforgot to put on somesun cream. 9 Jane couldn't go out. She didn't do her homework. 1 0 Sue failed the test. She didn't revise for it.

t,

r
..@ 9 ,.
Chapter 9

l I
l
l

3 ffarrv's career
Read the notes about Harry's career then answerthe questions with after and the past perfect simple.

Harry Biggs
left school

j
t/f+ sotLo6L.
I When did he rob the bank?

t
joined the army

When did he work as a waiter?

+
I

got a job in a L o n d o nb a n k

lost his job

ro b b e da b a n k

3
-

When did he get ajob asa singer?

t
wentto prison

t
Did he form the pop group before or after he had made a record?

+ +
I I

worked as a waiter g o t a jo b a s a s in g e r in a n ig h t c lu b

I I J I
J J J
I J

When did he become a millionaire?

made a record formed a pop group

Did he write his book before or after he had become a millionaire?

When did he go to live in Los Angeles?

+ wrote a book + +
I

b e c a mea millio n a ire

went to live in Los Angeles

8 When did the pop group break up?

popgroupbroke up

When did he marry Goldie?

married Goldie Bruce, film star

t
l0
Did he make the film before or after he had bought the restaurants?

,J
;

bought a chainof restaurants

t
made a film

Chapter 9

4 Who's guilty?
Inspector Soamesis investigating the murder of Henry Farthing. He has discoveredthat shotswere heard at 9.13 last Saturdaynight. He has askedeveryone in Henry Farthing's block of flats what they had been doing before they heard the shot. Look at the picture and write what they said they had been doing. MrsJones

-l _l

out

stlpryf.
The Wilsons

-_
Marl'Wells

BILL JONES

_
r

THE WIL SO NS

2
o J

MARY

\\'ELLS

-t

THE COOK S

4
3

THE BAXTE RS

MAX

PINI

The Baxters
b

t-

THE \^ /OOD S

i_

7 8

SARAH

G R EEN

t_

ALF BROWN

Do you knowwho the murdererwas?Write your reason. I think the murderer was helshe saidthat he,/she because but helshe
Green

l rl

Henry Farthing

Chapter 9

L L L L L L L

5 What had th"y been doing?

Use the words from the box in the pastperfect continuous to complete the sentences.

6 About you
Talk about the last time r you felt very tired I yourfeetached r you were verywet What had you been doing? How long had you been doing it? playing basketballfor I had been two hours.

eat frght read y'

repair run sit

try wait watch

revise swim

She I Amandawas hot and sore.

all evening. walking around townfm hours. in the sun. standing in therain in thecinemaquzueforhalf an hour

She

2 Jane had oil on her hands. She a friend's

motor bike. 3 4 5 Tomwas hotand outofbrea th. He Ben's clotheswere dirty. He Sue was angry. She for Mike for twenty minutes. 6 Jane wasnervous. She programme about crime. 7 Jenny had a stomachache.
She

in the park. withJason.

aTV

sourgrapes. for exams all

Sue was tired. She night. 9 Mike wascold. He pool. 10 Trig fell asleep. He past perfect continuous. to learn the 82 in an unheated

Chapter 9

10 I've boughtyou a present

MrKE Huppy birthday', Ben! Here's the post. It came while I was making breakfast. All your friends have sent you birthday cards. JANE Aunt Sarah has made a cake for you. And she has bought you a new red sweater. She showed it to me. MrKE And this is my present. I got it when I went to town last week. You'll love it. As soon as you have opened it we'll have breakfast. BEN \rrKE Oh thanks. perfume. . .

Verbswith two objects; Time clauses

It's a botrle of

Oh nol It's the wrong box. If I've given the perfume to you, then I've given the football socks to Sue.

Grammar lesson Verbswith nvo objects

Some verbs like give, send, show can have two objects: a direct object and an indirect object. The direct object tells us what someone gives, shows etc. The indirect object tells us the person who is given or shown something. Compare the word order in (a) and (b).

Subject Mike Aunt Sarah Subject Mike Aunt Sarah

Vnb gave showed Verb gave showed

Indirectobject Ben Jane Directobject the socks the sweater

Direct object the perfume. the sweater.

Indirect obiect

to Sue. toJane.

We useword order (a) when the direct object (the thing) is more important. We useword order (b) with to when rhe indirect object (the person) is more important. Other verbswith nvo objectsare offer, pass,teach,write, buy, make. With buy and make we use for insteadof to. Aunt Sarahhasmadea caheforyou.

Chapter l0

I I I I
J .f J l J J I J J J J J
j
J

Time clauses
Words such as when, while, as soon as, before, after, until can introduce a time clause. When two actions happen at the same time, we use while to introduce the longer action. In time clauses we often use past or perfect tenses, but we don't normally usewill or would.

Get the order right

Put the words in order and write correct sentences. his girlfriend

her friends

2 fr.llkl tr'rdt"dyl Fi'*"rl ['rr.-d] f

3 Eil tr'-tl
4 E

all her friends

Party rn\,'ltatrons

Edl."l f'*t"td."l lp"*lt

5 t"..j,sl E

trl..-l f

ls".lr

6 EME

his newjoke

7 tr-""d"] twh;-] the silverbracelet

|Tt.rt"'l trtdro--] E E
f

t'."d] Fp.'t*lalr
Fh-;.'*dl|llta-l

his new computer game

I
a

Huppy birthday!
Look at the maze and saywhat they gavetheir friends for their birthdays. Put the words in the sameorder as the example.

hfike
Read about Mike and crossout the wrong words. Mike will finish secondaryschool next year,

?
7

> when/rXil
to unlverslty

he's eighteen.He wantsto go

7

I afterlbefore

he has left
7

school.Ffe'svery good with computers.He was able to write computer programs 2 when/before
L.

he wasonly rwelve.

He can play the drums and the trumpet. He sometimes practises at night 3 when/until everybodyis trying to sleep,or early on Sunday mornings 4 before/after anybodygets up.

r
v

The neighboursare not too happy 5 until/when open.

v

he plays with all the windows

He hasn't got much money,so he would like to havea part-timejob 6 while,/after h e ' sa t

university,probably playing in a band. He wants to seethe world

AHANDA NICK

7 before/rtter he gets

u-

married, and he doesn't want to get married 8 until/as soon as he is thirty. He would like to work abroad he hasfinished his studies. 10 As soon aslWhile he haspassed his 9 until/after

Answerthe questions, like this: No, hedidn't. He gauethe to Sue. football sochs I Did Mike give Sue the perfume? 2 DidJane give Amanda the bracelet? 3 DidJenny giveJanerhe concert tickets? 4 Did Amanda giveJanethe book about horses? 5 DidJenny give Amanda the poster? 6 Did Nick give Tom the road map? 7 Did Nick give Mike the compur.ermagazine? 8 Did Tom giveMike the bar of chocolate? 9 Did Ben give Nick the key ring? l0 Did Mike give Tom the computer game?
Chapter I0

exams,he will apply for ajob in Australia or New Zealand- asa computer specialist or asa

7 drummer. r

4 Young ilIozart
I

Complete the text about Mozart'schildhood. Put in when, while, as soon as, after or before. Sometimes,more than one answeris possible.
> WLt elL

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was

born, his father worked as a violinist at the court at

J J J
)

Salzburg. Mozart's father wasan ambitious man. Mozart wasonly four, his father started practising the piano with him.
2

he realized how talented Mozart

and his sisterwere, he began to teach them all he knew about music. 3 Mozart wasfive yearsold, he
he was he could read or

I
)

had alreadylearned to play the harpsichord. He started composing songsl only five - I write. His father used to write down the notes Mozart playedhis compositions at the piano. In1762, Mozart'sfather took his children to Munich and then to Vienna. In Vienna Mozart played for the EmpressMaria Theresa.She loved his playing. he had finished playing,he climbed on her knee and gaveher a kiss.

J
j

The following year,the Mozart family went on a tour of Europe. In Parishe playedat the court of Louis xv. Mozart playedthe harpsichord! one of the king's daughterssangan Italian song.Mozart had neverheard the song before. he had learned to write. he wrote down his first great piano concertos. In Rome l n L770,10
ll

Mozartwasstill only
he got home, he wrote the

fourteen, he heard music in the SistineChapel. music down perfectly from memory -

r2

he had heard it only once.

Chapterl0

1l She said that I was lying

MRSFox There you are! I've finallv caught you. You stole a Walkman from my shop yesterday. BEN I don't know anything about a Walkman and I wasn't in vour shop yesterday.

Indirect speechin the past

7

Grammar lesson Indirect speech in the past

When the reporting verb is in the past, (she said, I told her) the verb rensein direct speech changeswhen we report it. Learn these changes: Direct speech Indirect speech ---r present past ---+ past perfect past present perfect --+ Pastperfect Direct speech can will may Indirect speech --+ could --r would ---+ might

MRSFox You are ly-g. Boysalways tell lies. I saw you running away.You were wearing the samebluejacket. I wiil call the police. You'll seel

Shesaid that I utaslying. (past) Later Ben tells Nick what Mrs Fox said.
BEN

Mrs Fox said that I had stolen a \A/alkmanfrom her shop. I told her that I didn't know anything about it and that I hadn't been in her shop yesterday. That's true. You were with me all duy. She said she had seen me running away. But why doesshe think it wasyou? She said I had been wearing the same blue jacket. She said she would tell the police. What shall I do?

Shesaid that I had stol.en a Walkman(pastperfect) Shesaid that shewould call thepolice. (would) If the direct speechis a general statement, the tense does not alwayschange: Shesaid that boys ahtaystcll lies. (present)

N I CK

BEN

NICK BEN

7
I

Chapter I I

It wasn't Ben
Nick wantsto help Ben. He wantsto find out who stole the Walkman. He askshis friends some questions.Here are their answers. eETER Mrs Fox always blames the wrong people. 2 Max Write what they said.

3 Jiu
P A UL

I sawa tall blond boy running out of the shop. Lots of boyswear blue jackets. I don't know anything about it.

Alice

MA X JILL

5 James 6 Mary

A LI CE J A MES

Mrs Fox can't seevery well. I'll askthe boysin my class about it.

7 Tony 8 Jane
I Amanda

MA RY

10 Tom
11 Chris

12 Joan
T ON Y JA NE A MA NDA TOM C HR I S

Ben has never stolen anything. Mrs Fox can't prove anything. We will all help Ben. I know who stole it but I won't tell

you.
1t ( lD

ae
J

OA N

I will visit Ben if he goes to prison.

Chapter I I

2 You stopped without warning

A van driver and a girl on a motor bike have had an accident. Amanda heard what they said. crRL What a stupid thing to do! You stoppedwithout warning. Later, Amanda tells Nick what she heard. The girl said that the driver

rl

> h^a^il Sto/>pen

driver said that he I

without warnins.The
to stoP acrossthe damaged.
r r

DRTVERI had to stop.A dog ran acrossthe road. But you weren't looking. And now myvan's badly damaged. crRL I didn't seea dog. I'll write down your name and insurance number. My light is broken and the bike won't start.

because adog 3
road. He said the girl and his van 4 Then the girl said that she a dog. She said she 9 said her light l the bike 8 The driver said the bike only

DRTvER It only needsa bit of paint. It can be fixed in no time. But the back of my van's a mess. The repairswill cost hundreds ofpounds.

down

the man's name and insurancenumber. She broken and start.

a bit of paint and it

l0

be fixed in no time. But his

ll

van 72

a messand the repairs costhundredsofpounds. r

F{o*' 'green' are you?

Nick haswritten questions for a survey. Askthe questions round the class.Count the number of Yes and No answersand write the results in the questionnaire. Yes Have you ever used a bottle bank?

No
ll

1 Do you buy canned drinks?

I

Do you sometimesdrop litter in the street?

3 Do you use disposable pens? 4 Did you walk or cycle to school today? 5 Do you turn off unnecessarylights?
b n I

Do you think about noise pollution? Do you write on both sidesof a sheet of paper?

8 Have you read about the hole in the ozone layer? I Do you use plastic bagsmore than once? 1 0 Do you eat fast food?
\ors take turns to saythe results of the survey. pupils said that thel hadn't useda bottlebanh. Elanen Chapter I I

.l

Can TV rnake you violent?

Tom is doing a survey for the newspaper.He is hsking people if TV can make you violent.

-4 I
J

J ,
,J

TV can't make you violent if you are a calm person. I have seen a few violent films, but I don't take them

Violence can influence young people. If they see too many violent Programmes,they will believe that life is like

I I

tl
) I don't watch really violent films. The pictures on the news are bad enough. TVviolence can only make you aggressiveif you are a weak person. I will never rob a bank just because someone in a film does it.

.a :

f --l I T a i

-l
JENNY

) :
I

I
I

What did they say? If you're a nice Person' TV violencewon't change that. You can alwaysswitch off. you uerea calmperson. I Davealso said that. . . 2 Jenny saidthat. . . 3 Max said that. . 4 Nick said . . . 5 Jill said. . . 6 Simon said. . . Work with a partner. Tell your partner what you think about TV violence.Saynvo sentences. Your partner then tells the classwhat you said. bad.I nann watchuiolentf,lms. on eARTNER He said that hethoughtuioknce he telnision wasbad.He said that nan er watche d aiolent f,lms.

,l
.a I

I
I I

I
I

I
t

I I

*i
I

)
-t

I
I I

I sawa violent film last week. I know the blood wasn't real, but a lot of younger children don't know that.

.r'

NICK I I
t/

t ,t
c

Chapter I I

12 You needn't learn

JENNv Nick, we had better go to bed. It's very late. NrcK

mustntt, needntt; had better, would rather

:
F

I know, but I would rather help Trig than go to bed. He's tearing up his English exercisebook and he's throwing his grammar book round the room. I don't think he'svery huppy.

i
I

JENNv Well, you had better not stayup too long. NrcK Trig, stop it. You mustn't throw your booksat the wall. It won't help and you might break something. You needn't work at your English now. What are you Iearning? rRrc abbreviation [n] I U abbreviating, being abbreviated 2 C shortenedform of a word, phrase,etc: 'Sept' is an for'September' . . . abbreviation

r r r r
had better, would rather
After had better and would rather we also use the infinitive without to. We use had better to give advice in a particular situation. For general advice we use should. late. You'dbettn not stnyup toolate tonight. The short form is'd better (not). We usewould rather to saywhatweprefer to do. If we mention two things,we usethan. The short form is'd rather (not).

NrcK But Trig, that'sfrom the dictionary.You needn't learn the whole dictionarv bv heartl

Grammar lesson mustntt, needntt

After mustn't and needn't we use the infinitive without to. I We usemustn't when we forbid something. It is stronger than shouldn't. We use needn't when it is not necessary to do something. heart. Instead of needn't we can saydon't haveto. Sunda,ts.

r
t t

t t t

Chapter l2

L L L

lr
:, )

Signs
\that do the signssay? \talie sentences with musbn'tor needn't.

I J

Ir{oresuvations necess&ry

I
tl

Nofishing
lytlta.f.rt't

J
i

fish here.

3 You

reservea table.

I
_l

t i

Wash in cold or i hot water

_l

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J

you nzelrtt

washit in hot water.

4 You

cyclehere.

J
j
make a noise between

Weaccept credit cards

I I
J ,J
,J
J

You

5 You

pay with cash.

ten in the evening and sevenin the morning. TEN N IS CLUB

Noselfservice
Please ask for assistance
6 You serveyourself.

oDen to non members

2 You

be a member.

I
12 chapter

c)

Holidavs
You are going toJamaicafor a beach holiday. You are stayingat a hotel. What mustn't you forget? What needn't you take?Write five sentences.

c,

My dream house
What kind of house would you like to live in one day?Use mustn't and needn't. Write five sentences.

Tt wlit Pala-t.

lETk l,i t BuLkt'h:4144/r'L

passport y' tin opener

tenI
\/ L

swimming costume sleepingbag

plane ticket
t, f

Z>-25

Nowyou are going on a camping holiday near where you live. Whatmustn'tyou forget?What needn't you do/take/pack, etc.?Sayfive sentences.

i Chapter12

4 What had thev better do?

Give advice bywriting a sentencewith had better and a sentencewith had better not. Ben is going to watch a horror video. It will scarehim.

Nick wants a drink of milk. The milk smells sour.

Mr Bell is driving too fast.The speed limit is 30 miles an hour.

I -t

2
I

Janehas a temperature. She wants to go out. Aunt Sarahhasn't got any bread. She is having visitors to tea. Mr Bell is going for a long drive. There isn't much petrol in the car.

Nick is playrng his music too loudly. Mr Bell is working in his study. Amanda andJennywant to leaveschool early.They need permission from Miss Mill.

10 Tom and Nick want to go to the cinema.

The film starts in ten minutes.
I

Mrs Bell has toothache.She doesn't want to go to the dentist's.

) i I 5

-t I )
-l

Preferences
Whatwould you rather do? Use I would rather . . . to saywhat you prefer. I wutld,rathersaue a CDllnyer m) monE than bu,y I 2 3 4 5 6 7 go to the cinema oR stayat home buy a mountain bike on savemoney revisefor an English test oR go to ^party look round a museum oR watch a basketballmatch go up in a rocket on go down in a submarine work as a fashion designer on be ajournalist listen to music at home on go to a Pop concert learn windsurfing oR take a course in parachutejumping live abroad oR stayin my country play football on watch a football'match on television

I I I
a

9 l0

Chapterl2

at ,

IJ

Ii IIIUSi

i .\-

t)

I C\e

must, can't for deductionsi So,such

Grammar lesson must, can't for deductions

If we cannot explain a problem, we can *ake' deductions from the facts.We saywhat is logical in the situation. , We use must to give a logical answer or explanation: For the negative we use can't. NrcK Jenn)',look at this letter. It savs 'For the young Bells.Open with care.' The handwriting is so strange.I don't recognizeit. JENNv Let me have a look. It's so untidy that I can hardll,read it. \rcK \,!'ell,it must be for us. It can't be for Mum and Dad. Their namesaren't on the envelope. After must and can't we use the infinitive without to.

so, such
I 2 We use so with an adjective alone.

We use such with a noun (with or without an adjectivebefore it). r He's sach a joher Compare: It's suchstrangehanduniting. t

JENNyAnd it can't be a bill. I bet it's from UncleJoe.He's such ajoker. Let's open it. \-rcK It is from UncleJoe.He's sentus tickets for a helicopterflight over Londonl He ahvays has such great ideas. 3

After so and such we can use that to show I' reiult. ' It's suchuntid,yhanduritingihat I can hardl"treadit. f '

l
Chapterl3

J-

l1

lfhose luggage is itr

Kathy,Frank and Susanare going on holiday. One of them is going to Spain, one to the French Alps and one ro Italy'.But who is going where?

J I I I
la

J J

\,Vhatdoes the luggage tell you about the owners? Complete the sentences with must or can't and be, have or like.

tnuA,tr be eA;Lt bz
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 I t0 The owner The owner The owner The owner The owner The owner The owner The owner The owner The owner

able to plav tennis. a man. British. readingdetective stories. going to a sunnvcountr,v. a \voman. able to read French. big feet. chocolate. going on a skiingholiday. a man. jazz. long hair. learning Italian.

I
J J
, -

11 The owner 12 The owner

I I I

Now solve the puzzle. \4lrirewho the luggage must belong to. 1 2 3 The suircase The backpack The straw bag

Write where they must be going. 4 5 6 Ibthy Frank Susan

Chapterl3

2 Which one is it?

Make deductionsby reading the cluesand completing with can't be or must be asin the all the sentences example.

It hasn't got a trunk, so It is much taller than a man, so th e,rtn-'f, 6p, ,t. ltt*'

Answer:It
China

rut rt be a, ai.M,#e.
It ly Sp.itt Fiji

the USA

It isn't in Europe.so It's a very big country, so The people speakEnglish,so Answer: Rome NewYork Paris Chicago Oxford

It isn't in America.so The peopledon't speak French,so

It's a capital ciry so

Answer: 3 Charles Lindbergh He wasn' t a pilot, so He wasn' t French, so He wasn't a writer, so Answer: the Po the Amazon the Danube the Mississippi the Rhine Shakespeare Louis XIII Napoleon Galileo

lt's in Europe,so It runs through more than one country,so It doesn't begin with D, so Answer:

I'

r r
fI
Chapterl3 L

_l

It
I

I
3 Categories
Choosea categoryof people or things: film stars,charactersfrom soap operas,cars,sports, jobs etc. TV programmes, The classsuggests four names/words which belong to the category and the teacher writes them on the blackboard. One pupil thinks of one of the names/words. The other pupils now guessthe name/word. They ask questionsand make deductions with can't be and must be. skiing gof swimming sailing

The helicopter ride

Complete the sentenceswith so or such. NrcK UncleJoe i" > SLtl-'Lta nice uncle.

I
i

J
-l

He's > f,o trip was

JENNYYes,itwas

kind. He alwayshas good ideas.The helicoprer a surpnse. exciting. I a huge city. There are many famousplacesto see.

J
_-l J

didn't realize that London is

-l
J

N IC K

And they all looked I from the air. We flew 1

And we flew d

small close
low over

-l
J

J
I

PUPrLA Do you do it in watn? PUPrLn No,you don't. puprl- c Youdon't do it in watn soit can't be swimmingor sailing. Do you do it in the mountains? PUPrLs Nq you don't. puprt- D Youd,on't do it in themountains soit can't beshiing.It must begolf.

to Big Ben that we could almosrtouch it. Tower Bridge that I thought we were
going to land on it.
JENNY

Yes.It *as 9 Joe. I enjoyedthe trip

much.

fun with Uncle

l0

N IC K

I got

ll

a fright when you

scared.

tried to fly the helicopter.But next time

I won't be 12

5 Holiday complaints
Read the complaintsabout people's holidaysand saythem in one sentencewith so . . . that.
-

It wassocoldthat wehad to wearcoats. I The hotel discowasloud. We couldn't sleep. 2 The hotel food wasbad. We became ill. 3 Our room wassmall. We could hardly move. 4 The seawasdirty. We couldn't swim in it. 5 The beach wascrowded. We had to walk over people. 6 The shopswere expensive.We spent all our money. 7 The hotel waiterswere slow.Our food wasalways cold. 8 It rained a lot. Our clothes were always wet. 9 The pool wassmall.There wasn't room to swim. 10 The taxis were expensive.We had to walk everywhere.

-t a -L
L.

i I

Chapter 13

14 They are both from Liverpool

both, neither; all, none

Power Poweris a new rock group. They're playingin Merton next Saturday. The guitaristsRod and Jake are both from Liverpool. They both srarred their careersas actors,but neither of them was a big success. Both of them saythey are happier as musicians. The singer'sname is Nina. She's terrific. All of them write songs.And they are all vegetarians. None of them eatsmeat. They all eat health food and they all do yoga.They will be giving free concert tickets to all the people who buy their new album. ByJaneMarsh
t-

Grammar lesson both, neither

We use both and neither to talk about only two people or things. both takes a plural affirmative verb. It standsafter be and before full verbs. Thq both startedtheir careers as actors. Both of themsay thq are happin as musicians. neither usually takes a singular affirmative verb. It usuallystandsat the beginning of a sentence.

all, none
l-

We use all and none to talk about more than two people or things. all takesa plural verb. It standsafter be or before a full verb. Theyall doyoga. All of themunite songs. none usually takesa singular verb, but a plural verb is also possible.none usually standsat the beginning of a sentence.

1_
ll-

Chapter 14

7
L_

I Two robbers
J

2 You and your neighbour

Look at the boy or girl who is sitting nexr ro you. Talk or think about things that are the same,for example,your looks,your age,what you are wearing,what you like or dislike etc. a Write four sentences with both.

Imagine that you sawthe two robbers in the picture. Answer the policeman'squestionswith both of them or neither of them.

> Bafu of u,': ore Mezn We ax- brtt f-mlteu.

I

op.

2 3

J
I
tf Anen, u)erc, ta.ll Yu. BaAl't
Did they have beards?

4 b Write four sentences with neither.

> W
1
I
o J

c{'a'Ys+calh4a"'&'

No. Ni.tr;lr (
Were they slim? 2
/

il.tctt+ lLad- b//d's.

Were they wearing masks? Did they have long hair?

Was one of them over fifty?

3
a 4

.a I

5 6

Were they wearing raincoats? Were they wearing hats? Did one of them have an ear-ring? Were they wearing dark glasses?

i
I

7 8

-b

Look at the answers with both in (a). Saythem again as in the example.

3 Profile of 'Power'
Meet Jake, Nina and Rod.

-_7 I

--_l

Jake,21

Nin a , 2 0 Manchester keyboard parachuting astronomy horses travelling, fast food, mice star in a musical of the Earth Friends

Rod,22 Liverpool g u it a r cycling s le e p in g t ra v e llin g fast food write a big hit WorldwideFundfor Ndture

From lnstrument Sport Hobby Likes Dislikes Wantsto Supports

Liverpool guitar hiking photography reading travelling, politics fast food, go on a world tour Greenpeace

Saywhat is the same.Use all of them or none of them. AII of themplay an instrument. None of themcomes from London. I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Who Who Who Who Who Who Who Who Who Who is under twenty? does a sport? has dark hair? has curly hair? likes travelling? has a hobby? wants to make a film? comesfrom the USA? dislikes fastfood? supports an environmental group?

Now saythe sentencesfrom (a) with all as in the example. Thq aIIplay an instrument.

Chapterl4

-l
I

t4
a

How are they the same?

What is the sameabout these people? Write what they are/were and what they doldid. Use all or both.

Guessing game
A pupil thinks of two other pupils in the classand describeswhat is the same with both of them and neither of them. The classmust guesswho the two pupils are. Neithn of themis sitting near thedoor

l l l l
:

-l
-fl

Lru,t tt)f,t? alL cornt>otc:'l . TLrxrt a,lL cnl<aoud, tr1a*b

Renoir Rembrandt

Dali

Boris Becker Monica Seles Andre Agassi

?ilfl
3 Isaac Newton Alexander Graham Bell

l I -l I

Ayrton Senna Alain Prost

Catherine Deneuve

Michele Pfeiffer

6
J

Mark Twain Jules Verne

I
J

Arnold Robin Schwarzenegger Williams

Robert De Niro

I I I
.l
::

Saywhat is the same about these things. Use both or all. Thq are bothSpanishcities.

I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

seagull Vienna polar bear MTV apples Australia Volvo kangaroo

crow Athens arctic hare BBC oranges Sicily Ford koala

Rome CNN Tahiti Citroen Chapter l4

15 If I had more mo n e y ...

Conditional sentences type 2 Grammar lesson Conditional sentencestFpe 2

We use if + past+ would + infinitive without to for situations that are 'unreal'. We imagine a result in the present or future. I would spmd more.. If youutent babl-sitting (butyou don't go baby-sitting), )ou wou@eern a lat of rnonq. When we put the if part of the sentencefirst, we usuallyuse a comma (,) after it. We can also say: You'd. earn a lnt of rnoney if yau wmt babl-sitting.

ATIANDA

I don't think I get enough pocket money.I need more. Everyoneneedsmore. But if lots of people bought our newspaper, we would soon be rich. If you had more money,whatwould you do with it? If I had more, I would spend more! That's stuPid.If I got more, I would savemore. If I were you, I'd get ajob. If you went baby-sitting, you could earn money.I could baby-sit, too. But you don't like babies. Well, I might like them more if they didn't cry- and if they played football.

The short form ofwould is'd. Instead of would we can usemight or could in the main clause. (might = would possibly) If I got more,I could saaernore. (could = would be able to) After if we often use were instead of was fbr all persons.

NICK

JENNY

NICK A1\{ANDA

NICK

JENNY NICK

Chapter l5

What would thev do?

Put the verbs in the correct tenseand form. JENNYIf Nick got more pocket money, (waste)it all on stupid things. he > uJTLdd uJu)/fu, NrcK That isn't true. If I had more money, I]
roM If I2

(spend) it on a leatherjacket. (win) a lottery, I would buy a (not buy) a CD-player, (save) (have) a lot of money, (buy) a motor bike. (not buy) a motor bike if I (be) you. They are too dangerous. (not get) so much homework, (deliver) newspapers every

CD-player.
NI CK

II
If I had more money,I 1 it for a trip to Australia.
If I !

if I were you. They're much too expensive.

J E NNY

NrcK

I9
roM I7
8

NrcK

If we 9 Il0

morning. ToM What has homework got to do with a morning paper-round? JENNy Well, you see,Nick does his homework betweengetting up and eating breakfast.

9
a

rf ...
What would or wouldn't you do, if you got more pocket money?Write five sentences.

clWaps , Ij= I- got naorc, Fockl ,rwuxg I ur_owtd 4 n<pr<, If I goL rnorc- pnkc.t tnpnc-! ., f urowHn't co*tpLau, so nncto.
I

2 3 4
3

If vou could spend a daywith a famous person, rvho would you choose? What would you do? \l'l'rere would you go? What would you talk about?

Sayfour sentences. I would go to would chooseJulia Roberts. Hollywood with her .. . Chapter l5

3 J ustimag in e...
a

What do you think you would do if these things happened? Write your answers. @) scream b squashit c keep it asa pet if you were alone on a desert island a cry b explore it c look out for a ship

mlr bed,, I uwiltL suu.rn.

I if you sawa famous actor in the street a go up and sayhello b be too shy to speak c follow him or her if you found a snake in your cupboard a run away b pick it up c shut the door

if you sawa strangeobject in the sky a photograph it b tell your friends c call the police

if you suddenly sawyourselfon television a laugh b recordit c turn the television off

if you found a bag full of money under a tree a spend it b tell the police c share it with your friends

if the phone rang in the'middle of the night a get out of bed and answerit b put the pillow over your head c tell someone to answerit

if you heard a loud noise in the night a hide under the bed b get up and look c go to sleep again

10 if you won a car

a b c sell it give it to someone in your family keep it until you got your driving licence
-

if you sawan elephant walking down the street a phone the zoo b run the other way c do nothing

L__{,(,W

Do the exercise again. This time,.saywhat you wouldn't do. as a pet. Chapter 15

If it happened to me . . .
The following things might happen. What would you do if they happened to you? Write your answers.

5 The tropical island game

Choose two things from the list that you would do if you lived on a tropical island for six months. Write two sentences. sleep all day climb palm trees play with the monkeys collect shells learn the local language write a book about it build a boat go fishing all day live in a tree house swim every day explore thejungle paint pictures of it

I unulJ, d*rnb pa,lm-treze

The other pupils must take rurns to guesswhat you have chosen.They can only have a second guessif they get the first one right. If I'found a gold ring in the street,

T- wwL g"n tt t" n! gt'5frer.

If my best friend nioved to another town, 2 3 If I lost my voice, If I sawsomeonehurt in an accident, If someone offered me a Saturdayjob in a butcher's shop, 5 If all the lights suddenly went out, If the television broke down in the middle of my favourite programme, 7 If I found a purse full of money in a bus, If I spilled orangejuice on my English homework. You

would climbpalm trees. Yes, I would. (He or she can ask another question.) on No, I wouldn't.

The first pupil to guessboth answerscorrectly then takesyour place.

Chapter l5

16 The photo I like best

Relative ctauses
Grammar lesson Relative clauses
who, which, that and whose are relative pronouns. They introduce relative clauses. We usewho for people and which for things. We can also use that for people and things. When who/which /that is the object of the relative clause,we can leaveit out. (ox thephotowhich/that I like best) photosofpeopleI meet. I alwaystake (ox peoplewho/thatI mzet) To show possession we usewhose. Prepositions(in, from etc.) come at the end of the relative clause.

JENNv Here are our holiday photos from ltaly. That's the village which we stayed in. And that's Roberto, the boy who lived next door. JANE Oh, is that the boy whose sister is a scientist?You told me about him. JENNv Yes, that's right. He was great fun. We had a good time. JANE I alwaystake photos of people I meet on holiday and places we stay at. JENNv But this is the photo I Iike best. It's one of the funniest f've ever taken. We were eating in a restaurant when Nick's chair broke. He fell and his face went right into his plate of spaghetti.
J

I I

v
I

Chapter l6

J
i

Food facts
Some of these facts about food are wrong. Complete the sentenceswith which or who. Then write T in the box if you think it is true or F if you think it is false. The food > urLi.c'lu we eat gives us energ"y.
tl I

ChariesDickens
\4hat do you know about Charles Dickens? Complete the sentences with who, which or whose. If who and which are not necessary. don'twrite them in. CharlesDickenswasan Englishwriter > u1tvo lived from 1812 to 1870.The books > // he wrote are read in many countries. Dickens, I family wasvery poor, had to

I I
J
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t-,

| There are thousands of chemical changes happen in our bodies every second.

e"opte 2
energy.

needless do sports

start work when he was ten yearsold. In England at that time, people 2 could not pay their debtswere sent to prison. This happened to Dickens'father, 3 first name wasJohn.This meant that Dickens, 4 wasonly a boy, had to visit his father in prison. Later, Dickenswrote books basedon people he had known and places he had lived in. In 'David Copperfield' he wrote about the visits 7 he paid to his father in prison. In some of his books he wrote about terrible schoolslike the one 8 he went to himself . In 'Oliver Twist' he wrote about children 9 were poor and sometimesorphans- children l0 parentshavedied. Dickens is known for making up characterslike

3 l---l a"rrots arevegetables

your hair curly. l_l

make

I t' L I ri
tl

M.ut, cheese,eggs,fish and milk are foods

glve us Proteln.

e"opte 5

want to lose weight

i
:
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I |

should eat lots of sugar,cream and butter. | In the past,people ate the food grew where they lived.
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| Todav we eat food ' all over the world.

--

comes from

| Vitar.tins are things 8 very large amounts.

we need in

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| People e energy.

sleepall day use a lot of

tl | | oranges are fruit l0

contain a lot

of vitamin C. Food ll vitamins. Ll e person 12 never be ill. ea$ an apple a day will is fresh contains more

Uriah Heep, Fagin and the Artful Dodger, ll namesare known even to some 12 people have not read the books. Dickens, 13 America. He married a woman 14 name was Catherine and 15 was the daughter of his first publisher. wasalso a good actor,used

:t-1

to read his storiesto audiencesin England and

t{ L

Chapter 16
.{

3 USA quiz
Amanda haswritten a quiz for the newspaper. Can you do it? Put in who, which orwhose. Then ring the correct answer. Nhiil" flows through the United States? a @ c the Volga the Misiissippi the Seine
IS

What is the name of the famous singer Graceland? a ElvisPresley b Louis Armstrong c Jimi Hendrix Name one of the presidents

big housenear Memphis is called _

headsare carvedin Mount Rushmore. What is the name of the bridge built over the San FranciscoBay? a b c Brooklyn Bridge the Golden Gate Bridge Tower Bridge a b c Washington Nixon Carter

\tVhat is the name of the man

becamea famous outlaw in the 'Wild West'? home city is New York? a JesseJames b Columbo c Fred Astaire l0 What is the name of the state once belongedto Russia? a b c Hawaii Washington Alaska

What is the name of the baseballteam

a b c the New York Yankees the Cincinatti Reds the Chicago Bears

\4lho was the famous American invented the lightbulb? a b c Thomas Edison Henry Ford Bill Cosby

What is the name of the waterfall is benrueen the US and Canada? a b c the Angel Falls the Victoria Falls the Niagara Falls ended

Make up some funny facts about someone (tru or untrue). Play this game round the class.Use whose. . .

I know sonrcone whosebrother has seen a spaceship.

Who wasthe presidentslavery? a b c GeorgeWashington Ulysees S. Grant Abraham Lincoln

What is the name of the city in the desert is famousfor its casinos and shows? a b c LosAngeles LasVegas SantaFe

puprl- s I knowsonteone whose brothnhasseen a spaceship and whose grandmother pop music. writes puprr- c I knowsom.eone uhose brotha'hns strn a spaceship, uhose grandmothn uriir pop musicand whose grandfatho ridesa motorbihe. PUPrLD I knou sorneone whose ...

'r r

r r r

t
Chapter l6

I
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5 lVhat's the same?

Match up the pairs and say what is the same. Make sentences with a preposition at the end.

spoon
armchair

tennisracket pencil
stool

knife

sleepingbag

glass

t:

Things and people

Read the clues and fill in the crossword puzzle. Across

a
I

You keep moneyin it. You stickpaper with it. You buy newspapers and magazines from him,/her. 9 You buy medicine from him,/her. 1 0 You put flowers in it. 1 l You eat with it. 1 3 You sleepoutdoors in it. 1 4 You go to him/her when you're ill. l 5 You sewwith it.
5 4 t

Down I 2 3 4 6 8 12 13 You drive in it, You pack clothesin it. You go to him,/her when your tooth hurts. You learn English from him/her. You laugh at it. You washyour hair with it. You bakefood in it. You repair thingswith it.

J
a

Ask questions round the class about the things and people in the puzzle.Do not use a relative pronoun. Don't forget the preposition. PUPrL A purse. PUPrL A doctm Chapterl6

17 It needscutting

need,/want + ing; have/ get something done I What needs doing?

a Complete the sentences with need and a word from the box. clean comb mow feed iron pump up repair mend shorten wash ,/ polish
I

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AMANDA

My hair looks terrible. Do you think it needs cutting? Or does itjust want washing?The last time I had it cut I looked like a boy. Don't have it cut. Get it permed. Then you'll look like the model in this magazine.

JENNY

r r
[_

Grammar lesson need,/want + ing

After need and want we use an ing form to suggestthat something should be done to a person or thing. (I/Someone should cut my hair.) My hair wantswashing. (I/Someone should washmy hair.) Nick's socks tttgL I
I

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F

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u:att/r,Cnq .
t

Ben's finger-nails Tom'sjeans

have/ get something done

We use have * object + past participle to say that somebodydoes ajob for us. We do not do it ourselves. Don't haaeit done.Do it yourself. Be careful with the word order. Compare: (= pastsimple,the hairdresser cut it.) Ihadantmy hair. (= past perfect, I cut my hair myself.) Sometimesget is used instead of have.

3 Arnanda's boots 4 5 6 \ Nick's hair The tyre Mike's shirt

Jenny'sdress 8 The washingmachine 9

Chip
t

1 0 The grass Do the exerciseagain with want and the words from the box.

Chapterl7

J
-l
I

-)

\rleai are they havrng donei

Look at the picture of the fair and use the words from rhe box with have to make sentences. tattoo read drarv guess '/

I
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tell take paint

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sv
MR'S BeLL

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)

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/

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Mrs Bell u h-a,n*uq hon- ^Nr4hf, Jane Tom Ben Amanda andJenny Nick Trig

qu^p*sd,.

4 5 6 b

With a partner, ask and answerfive questionsabout what you havehad done. Use the ideasfrom (a) or someof your own. Haueyou ner hadyourfortunetold?
eARTNER No, I haaen't,but I uould like to hauem1fmtune told.. on Yes,I haue. Chapter l7

-a

'

Mr and Mrs Rich

Mr Rich is a millionaire and a very busyman. He and his wife don't do much themselves. They have everything done for them. Read the questionsand write Mr Rich's answers. (my secretary) n4,an2. bnt ,na S?tref,anl . (her hairdresser) Do you do the gardening yourselves? (our gardener)
f J

Doesyour wife make her clothes herself) (designers)

-

No, sl.tpdnem,t. She, htt hnr h^air dmz bg n*r nn*r*+,vut.

1 Do you answeryour letters yourselP (my secretary)

t 0 Do you do the cookingyourselves?

(our cook)

Doesyour wife do the shoppingherselP (our housekeeper)

Do you arrange interviewsyourself.) (my assistant)

lHH

Doesyour wife do the houseworkhersel? (our maid)

Do you write your speeches yourself.) (my assistant)

Do you plan your businesstrips yourself.r (my secretary)

Do you fly your helicopter yourselP (our pilot) I

Chapterl7

I I

1+

lt1rv don't you . . .?

Complete the dialogues by making suggestions rrith Whv don't vou and the words from the box. serrice cut examine q?e fill
BEN NICK TOM JENNY MIKE TOM NICK BEN JAN.E JENNY JENNY

I I I J I I I I I

test (x 2) ,/ mend alter paint dye I can't seea thing. Wluot d,awlt uou- ha've qowr ales teixj-? My hair's too long. My car isn't running very well.
I have got toothache.

This skirt is too loose.It looks terrible. Our dog has been acting strangely. I don't think he'swell.
I hate the colour of this dress.

AMANDA JANE JENNY NICK JENNY AMANDA

I I I I I I I

I can't hear a thing. What did you say? but I'vejust written a very long essay nobody can read my handwriting. I've got a big tear in myjacket. Dave'scar looks verv rusry.

JENNY TOM MIKE

l0

NICK TOM

l
,d ,

Chapterl7

lB Nick told Ben

Indirect questions; Indirect commandsand requests

Newspaper meeting, Thursday at lunch time.

Grammar lesson
Is the USA quiz finished?

Indirect questions
I In indirect questions the word order is not the sameasin direct questions. It is the sameasin statements. We do not use do/d,oes/did to make indirect questions. We do not put a questionmark at the end. lf there is no question word (who, when etc.) in the direct question,we begin the indirect question with if or whether. (direct question) if thequiz wasf.nished. Jennyasked (indirect question) 3 Ben,wait your turn please! Reportingverbsfor indirect questions are ask, want to know, wonder. The change of tensesis the sameasfor indirect statements. presenI past presentperfect past perfect will may shall can Shut up Ben!
-r ---+ ---r -, ----l ---' --+ --+ past past perfect past perfect no change would might should could -

Don't interrupt. Jenny askedif the USA quiz wasfinished.Nick told Ben not to interrupt. When will the Nick, can't you see . . . quesnonnalre on smoking be finished? 2

Tom askedwhen the questionnaire on smoking would be finished. Nick askedBen to wait his turn.

r
p

Jennywanted to kriowwhether Tom had done his interview. Nick told Ben to shut up.

If there is a question word in the direct question, we repeat it in the indirect question.

What did you want to

Ijustwanted to tell him that there wasa worm in his salad. It's too late now.

'(direct) be finished? He asked whenthequestionnaire would b D f,nished.(indirect)

Chapter l8

Indirect commands and requests

I We form indirect commands with tell + person+to+infinitive. Nichtold Bm to shut up. We use not to for negative commands. Nick told Bm not to interrupt. 2 We can make indirect requestswith ask + person+to+infinitive. Ben to wait his turn. Ni,ck ashcd.

t 1
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J J J J J J I J J
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1 Are you all right?

Yesterday,Jane sawa little boywho had fallen off his bicycle.She went to help him and askedhim some questions. What did she ask him? Ring the question word first, if there is one, then reportJane's question. Remember the word order and the changesof tenseand pronouns. --^. name?' > Q{hdyour ShE argkrn il4.l- ul+ab hu n^a.*rtz hn).

Sl,uea'ylczd,h/,r,, Lf hz wu aLLrnh,b
I 'How old are you?'

2 'Where do you live?' 3 'Have you hurt yourselP'

8 'Where had you been?'

4 'Can you standup?'

9 'Were you on the way home?' 'Shall I phone your parents?'

5 'Is your elbow bleeding?'

l0

6 'How did it happen?'

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1l

'Do you want somehelp?'

7 'What made you fall?'

-

12 'Shall I takevou home?'

rt
I

t_

, a

What do you do?

Nick is interviewingJumpingJakeJones,a professional wrestler on tour in Merton. Read his questionsarid write them in indirect form. He a'vked- fuh+ l4aD t'tud4-

'How many times have you fought this year?',

I

'How many times have you been on television?'

l0

'Will you stayin Merton all week?'

F

He ukzn hiw hsw mzn! ilme,:

'1 h,e, hAJ" bu,t1, orL toL?-v; /irc I 'How did you start wrestling?'
l1 '\Alho is the best wrestler in the world?'

12 'Which wasyour bestfight?' 'How long haveyou been a professional wrestler?'

13 'Have you been to Merton before?'

3 'Who is your favourite opponent?'

I

l4 'How can I becomethe strongest boy at school?' 4 'How manywins haveyou had?'
t

I J

'How many kilos can you lift?'

Your partner writes five interview questionsfor one of the people below.You tell the classwhat your partner wanted to know.

'Is it difficult to become a professional wrestler?'

dolphins? you He wantedto knou hou longMr FIip had a hins. be en training d,olp
I

7 'What do you think about violent sports?' Mr Flip Dolphin trainer 8 'IsJumpingJakeJones your real name?'
-

Trevor Top Wig designer Chapterl8

Ms MavisMumm Mime artist

J3

Fire!
Can you rememberwhat theseinstructions tell you to do? Read instruction one then closeyour book and tell your partner. Do the samefor instructions two and three. you go out. It tellsyou not toput papersclose to heatcrs ...

J J J J J J J J J
J4

How to prevent a fire

Turnoff electrical equipment before you go out. Do not put papers closeto heaters. Becareful nearan openfire. Buya smokedetector. Do not put lit cigarettes in the bin.

What to do in case of a small fire

Putit out if possible. Geteveryone out of the building. Callthefire brigade. Do not openthe windows. Shutdoors.

What to do if caught in a fire

Don'tpanic. Shoutso people knowwhereyou are. Don'tjump out of the windowif it is t o o h ig h . Puta dampclothoveryour mouth. Waveso that people canseeyou.

He askedJane to feed his fish

Mike wasgetting ready to go away.He asked people to help him. Who did he ask to do what? Saythe answers. 'Will you get my suitcase from the spareroom?' He asked Bm togethis suitcasefrom thespareroom. 'Please don't forget to feed my goldfish.' He ashed Jane not toforget tofeed his goldf,sh. 'Can you lend me your backpack?' 'Will you fetch me a Chinese take-away?'
nttXE

I J I
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3 'Don't use my CD-player, please!' 4 'Can you make me some coffee?'

D

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'Will you buy me some toothpaste?'

6 'Will you water my plants?' 7 'Will you iron this shirt for me?' 8 'Can you phone the airport?'

-rG'\

19 You ought to turn it down

ought to,shoutd; Phrasal verbs

Grammar lesson

-l

I,f

J
J

;::::::,*:*1,,*.1sh.ud+
JENNv Nick, Mum has a headache.We ought to be quiet. We shouldn't make so much noise. NrcK Did you saysomething? JENNv The music is too loud. You ought to turn it down. NrcK I can't hear you! JENNv Don't shout, Nick! Shut up! And turn the music down! NrcK Yes,I've alreadybeen to town. JENNv No, Nick. Your music. Turn down your music! NrcK I can't hear you. The music'stoo loud. I should go

infinitive to give advice or to saywhat we --r think is right. ought to means the same as | should. In question and negative forms, we use should more than ought to.

I ought rogo _

I shouldn't go

Should I go?-

I'

Phrasalverbs
I Phrasal verbs are formed with a verb + adverb (for example, down, up, on, off). verb + adverb turn down 2 Sometimes the meaning is clear (for example, stand up, sit doum, turn something dov,'n,turn something on). Often, the two words together have a special meaning which we cannot guess. Sometimes a phrasal verb has an object. If the object is a noun, it can stand before or after the adverb: Turn down the music. But if the object is a pronoun (him, her, it, them) it must stand benveen the verb and the adverb: 4 Look at these phrasal verbs. put something on

J _
D

I You oughf to do it
Some of your friends have problems. Give advice with ought to. Use theseor your own ideas: go to bed earlier join a club seea doctor get ajob go on a diet tidy it talk to them work harder wear glasses savemoney for a new one ger ir cur

--

I'm alwaystired. You ought to go to bedearlim, I My eyesare sometimesred and sore. I I never have enough money. 3 My school marks are bad. 4 I'm too fat. 5 I've got spots. 6 I've had a quarrel with my parents. 7 I haven't got many friends. 8 My old bicycle needs repairing again. I My hair looks terrible. 1 0 I can't find anything. Myroom is so untidy. Chapterl9

-.

He is putting it on. take something off

I

Heis tahhgthem off.

Wh

1l I

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2 Should stars earn so much monevi

No. All pop starsand sports starsought to give money to charities. What they do is onlv for People themselves. as nurses and such teachersought to earn more because they help others. Starsshouldn't earn so much. Someof them haven't even had a proper education. Scientists and people who have studied at universitiesought to earn more.

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Why not? Film starsand sports starswork hard at theirjobs and thev entertain millions of people. They deserr,e their money.Of course they ought to live in luxury.

Starsshould earn a lot becausethey make you believeanything is possible. They can make you dream. Dentistsand lawyers ought to be paid less.

L
:a

DAVID

MA R Y

I)
-t

What do they think? Sayanswerswith ought to or shouldn't. teachers? Shethinhs that nurses and teachers oughtto earn rnore. I 2 3 What doesMary think about being a star? What does Ken think about stars? What does David think about film starsand sPortsstars? What does Ken think about people who have studied? What does Liz think about pop starsand sPortsstars? What does Mary think about dentistsand lawyers?

Think about the lvork that these people do. pilots kindergarten teachers

toy makers fashiondesigners astronauts engineers

socialworkers nurses scientists

-l
,)

Who ought to earn more?Why? \tVhoought to earn less? Why? Write your answers.

I)
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)

Who do you agree with?

3 Job advice
Your partner must saywhat he/she would like ro be one day.You saywhat he/she ought to do.
YOU YOU

Yououghtto studymedicine. Youought to huy a bucket.

-

4 What do you do?

Put the correct phrasal verb in the box. Then saywhat you do with the things. fill in ,/ turn on/off take off try on throw away write down

)l I I

t-F

a lorm

I
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the tap i aquestionn a ire

lftlL w'

3
the radio the light

a crossword Youfillin afmm, a questionnaire and a crosstmd.

a new pullover
names and addresses

newjeans somenew shoes

telephonenumbers

old comics

your dirty boots rubbish your coat your sunglasses

2
egg shells

Chapter 19

lE
I

FiIl it in
Cnmplete the sentencesand fill in the crossword. Amoss

I I I I I
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3 5 6 8

You've left the oven on. Turn it The light's too bright. It's very cold outside. it off.

, please. yourjacket on. ?

When must I take these library books

Down I 2 3 4 5 7 Come !We're late!

That coat looks awful. Take it It's too dark in here. Turn the light I'm going to throw these broken toys Your shoesare muddy. What time do you get them off. every morning? , please.

I've already taken them off

Answer the requestswith already and replace the underlined words with it or them. Make sure that you get the word order right. 5 the floor. Turn down the heat. It's much too hot. Turn the lights off in your room.

Turn up the volume, please.

7 Clean up the messyou left in the kitchen. Don't forget to fill in thoseforms. I Take yeur books back to the library.

J
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2
3

Look her numberup in the phone book.

9 Write down the words in your notebook. l0 Bring the dirty_glasses down from your room. Put on your best clothes.We're going out.

4 Try on the shoes beforeyou payfor them.

rt

Chapter l9

20 I wish my nosewas shorter

JENNY

Question tags;wish + past simp!

Plural nouns
J

I wish r?y nosewas shorter. It's too long, isn't it?

AMANDA

Yes,from the new shop in South Street. They didn't cost much, did they? No, how did you know? Because is still on themf the price tag -l
l -f I

AMANDA I wish I didn't have so many freckles. They're silly looking, aren't they?
JENNY

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JENNY AMANDA JENNY

I like them. I wish I was taller. I'm not tall enough, am I?

AMANDAI wish I didn't wear glasses. They look stupid, don't they?They don't really suit me, do they?
JENNY

Yesthey do. I wish I had glasses. I like your newjeans, too. You bought them yesterday, didn't you?

r
Grammar lesson Question tags
I We often use a question tag at the end of a sentencewhen we askfor agreement. it is not a real question.Then Sometimes the voice goesdown.

wish + pastsimple
We use wish + past simple to talk about something in the present that we regret. (My noseis long.) I uish I didn't wear glasses. (I wear glasses.) I wish I had glasses. (But I haven't got glasses.) (do somethirg) . . . Note also:I wishI could,

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I

If we aska real question (because we are not sure), the voicegoesup. If the statementis affirmative, the ' question tag is negative. If the statementis negative,the question tag is affirmative: But the question tags alwaysend with I, you, he, she, it, we or they. If the statementverb is be, have, do, can, must, should etc.,we repeat it in the question tag. With other verbswe use a form of do in the question tag: Theydidn't costmuch,did thq?

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Plural nouns
Some nouns are always plural, so the verb is also plural: ieans trousers scissors pyjamas shorts glasses tights

a
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Yourglasses look great.Thq suit you. We can also saya pair of with jeans, trousers etc. Then the verb is singular.Compare: window. Thereisa nice'pairof trousrs in theshop window.
r

Chapter20

I It's in France, isn't it?

The basketballmatch
The schoolteam hasjust lost a match.Tom is discussing itwith Simon.Write the question tags. srMoN The otherswere quite good, roM Butwe plaved badlv.> o{Ldit "* I didn't play very well, I ) >

srMoN Perhaps not, but Mark scoredfor the first time, 3

ToM Yes, that was a surprise, 3

Ben is writing a quiz about different countries. He isn't sure about the answers and is askingthe others.Put in the correct tags.

srMoN Actually, we have got some very good

players,1 andJim, and Brian . . . ToM

? There'sTony,

1 There are about 170 countriesin the world. 2 3 Brazll and Italy have both won the World Cup three times, About 500 million people live in Europe,
Alaska is the largest state in the USA,
a

Yes, but they didn't scoretoday, ? We couldn'r get past

their defence. uselesstoo,7 ?Iwas

srMoN Well, you missed some training, 8. roM Yes, I did . . . If we lose the next match. we won't go to the finals, 9

5
6

There are over l,300languagesspokenin Africa,

The population of China makes up one-fifth

srMoN Oh yes,we will. Becauseyou aren't going to miss any more training sessions,
IO

of the world's population, The lastemperor of China wascalled Pu Yi,

i

America becameindependentin I77 6,

1

There are more people in Mexico City than in any other city in the world,
I

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In 1923halfofTokyo wasdestroyed by an earthquake,

tI
i

3 Regrets
What are they thinking? with I wish + past simple. Make sentences

4
a

Nick is at the back of the queue.

I unaat thzlwf of &efsn 1 wi'vlu

"" I wi* I u:a'tnt a't tAz batk q{ ilz {' " o

I I

3 4
5

I Janeis ill.

o Chooseone thing from each listwhich you wish you were, had, or could do. Write them on a piece of paper.

Sue has straight hair.

A wz,t 'fartwlra I ^ril'l* T uful+ I Lal a q<hL ard". I L,,rALI corilL telL th.e.filhlre.
3 Nick can't dance.

In pairs, ask and answerquestionswith Do you wish you were/had/could until you find out rwhat your partner haswritten. were a millionaire famous older in the Guinness Book of Records had a driving licence some diving equipment a credit card a photographic memory could become invisible tell the future appear on a TV game show invent clever machines
F

Ben doesn't know how to repair his Walkrnan.

f'

The boots are too expensiveforAmanda.

r
7

6 Jane can't afford the ear-rings.

PARTNER No, I don't.

Chapter 20

l'

Are thos ow;Jane and Amanda are shopping. Decide if the words in boxes should be singular or plural and crossout the wrong word. JANE F lrlA.f thosenew sunglasses? 3 a re n ' t / is n ' t

AMANDA v.r. F rn"yfll | 2 irA."-] .ti.., Nickguu. Fi7E.-l ,4idiE]?

seevery well out of F
JA NE A MANDA

I can't to me.It'sa shame

itZttt.- l. Everything looks funny.

Look at

7 that,/those red trousers. besidethe T:shirts? a pair of yellow pyjamas.

The No.

8 one/ones 9 Those/That

JA NE A MANDA JA NE A N IANDA

Oh. What a lovelyblue skirt that is. 11 ThatlThose 13 They/It | 72 is/are I apairof pinkshorts.
14 those,/that

would go well with

striped

tights.And look at 16 a/some

JA NE

15 thatlthose jeans! I would love

pair of them.

l7 This,/Those | 18 islare I theyellowpyjamasagain!

Amanda,did Nick tell you what kind of sunglass.rf-tg ttt.yZfl

J'

Chapter 20

2l Has the thief beenfound?

ToM The newsagent's has been broken into. About f,850 has been taken. No, not yet. The theft was only discoveredan hour ago. There's a room at the back of the shop where the money is kept in a safe.This morning the cleaner noticed that the window had been broken, so she told the owner.A few people have been questioned by the police, but nobody knows much. An officer said that any information will be welcomed.

The passive: simple forms

NEwsRoerur
T

NrcK Has the thief been found? ToM

'?

NrcK Will there be a reward?

-

Grammar lesson The passive: simpleforms

I Form: be + past participle present past presentperfect past perfect future money the theft f850 awindow information
rs wuls has been had been will be

I'
I

kept discovered taken broken welcomed

r
i

Qbjut
Active Passive Subject We use the passive if we do not knowwho does something, or if it is not important or not necessary to saywho does it. We can use by+ person/thing if we wish to say who orwhat did the action. from the newsagent's.
was stolen from the nsy5agent's.

t t t

Chapter2l

I'

1I

IF

lVere you a-.ked?

Can you match the form of the passivein each sentencewith the name of the passivetense? Were you asked? I am invited. I 2 3 4
J

I
E

present passive

.+

I l l l l l l J J l l

Is Greekspoken?
The room hadn't been cleaned. She won't be asked. Has the window been broken? She wasn'tinjured. He will be punished. past perfect passive present perfect passive

6 I haven't been informed.

n I

future passive

8 Has the money been found? 9 When was the house built? 1 0 Will I be invited? 11 English is spoken here. I2
He was killed in an accident.

13 These toysare made in China. 1 4 Had the parcel been opened?

9

At the doctor's
when you go to the Write what happens simplepassive. Usethe present doctor's.
7 He takesa blood sample. your height. He measures He testsyour hearing.

Your ea% ..-------------d1 2 3 4 5 6 He looks at your throat. He takesyour pulse. He weighsyou. He checksyour blood pressure. He examinesyour chest. He X-raysyour lungs. 8 9

10 He listens to your heart.

I I I
.J

I
Chapter2l

3 What has been done?

An old streetin Merton has been modernized. Use the words from the box to write what hasbeen done in the present perfect passive.

t I

a
.-4-"-\

Last year

build widen paint plant provide (x2) pull down put up repair take away turn into ,/

The street h^a,l been- ttlruwn

I
o .f

LrLto & ped.ufnltn

T-oh,e.

Streetlamps The pavement A fountain Litter bins

2 Trees and flowers

4
5

6 The bus stop 7 The old house 8 The shops 9 The holes in the road 1 0 Benches

Chapter2l
?

Krakatoa
Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple passive. Did you know that the greatestexplosion in theworld > ura{ Ca,uAzd (cause) by a volcano? Krakatoa, an island in Indonesia, erupted in 1883.More than half the island (destroy).The explosion ? (hear) in India and Australia. Rocks 1 (throw) more than 55 kilometres high into the air. Surprisingly,only a few

people1
c

(kill), but a huge wave,35 metres high, (create) by the explosion.Severalsmall islands (cover) by the wave. 163 villages (destroy) and 36,000people

(drown).Dust?
round the world, and the weather everywhere l0 (affect) for many years afterwards.

(carry) all

.-L

What had been changed?

When chepupils went back to school after the summer holidays,a lot of things had been changed. Write the words in bracketsin the past perfect passive.

I
o J

A lot of trees The classrooms A tennis court The fence Five new classrooms New equipment Showers New blackboards The whole school

(plant). (p u t in ). (paint). (build). (taken down). (a d d ). (buy) for the chemistry lab. (install) in the changing rooms. (put up) in the classrooms. (rnodernize).

2 New lights
4
5

6
n I

8 9 l0

Chapter2l

Graffiti competition
Put the verbsinto the future passive.

I l
(hold)

$raffiti co?nfefit;on
A graffiticompetition'. tatlll be h*ld' is fifteen. All competitors 1 (invitelto attend a next week for all Merton's young artists. The age limit

l l l
l l l l l l l

graffitisessionin thetown hallfrom 2 pm to 6 pm on Saturdaythe ninth of September.Competitors (ask)to create graffiti designsfor the entranceof the new town hall,which (open)at the beginningof the month. Largesheets of paperand spray paint (providel.

:.

Jtlf! :) f ' *

EntriesI
professionalartists. Winners6 the winners Z

(judge)by five

,1-h$r;: dfi
{'t'

(contacted)by (print) in

tra
it

telephoneon the thirteenthof September. The namesof *' 'Merton News' on the fifteenth of September. Threeprizes of 50,f,10,f20 q

\dAr'* [

(award). (invite)to spraypaint the

s Prizes
Thewinner 1o

(presentl by the Mayor.

entrancehall of the new town hall with the winning design.

/\

-:-

:1

-ln
-ILJ

==1
/fEE6A

lr
\@

:l

-*4-.'

7 The Olympic Games

Put the verbs in bracketsinto the present simple the present perfect passive, the past simple passive, passiveor the future passive. Do you know how often the Olympic Games > atw htJd(hold)? They l(hold) everyfour years.The first Olympic Games (hold) at Olympia, in (continue) from776 BC toAD 393. Even ancient Greece,nearly 3,000yearsago. The tradition

t
t
j

I
I
I

wars 1
in 394.

(postpone),so that everyonecould (ban)

trayel safely to the Games.The Games I

In 1890the modern Games9 Frenchman called Baron de Coubertin in Athens. Originally, the Games Amateurs are people who the sport whereasprofessionals
l0

(found) by a

(set up) for amateurs. (not pay) to play (pay). Since

1984some professionalathletes,such asfootball players, (allow) to take part.

ll

I I
I

Before the Gamesbegin, the Olympic torch

l2

(light) at Olympus by a mirror reflecting the sun. Then it (carry) by runners to the city where the Games l3 (hold). Sometimes by the time the 14 last runner enters the stadium, the tmch (carry) half-wayround the world. Do you knowwhere the next Olympic Games
l5

t
I

(hold)?

t
l l l

22 The plane is being repaired

The Bells have taken Trig to the airport. JENNv Look, Trig, that plane is beingrepaired. NrcK And thatAirbus is being re-fuelled. are being JENNv And over there passengers taken to the 747 bybns. rRrc Things are so complicated here. My spaceshipwasmuch easier to . . .

The passive:continuous and infinitive forms

, :

\4hat is being done?

What is being done at the airport? Complete the sentencesby putting the verbs in brackets in the present continuous passive.

N r cK ... cr a sh?

Grammar lesson The passive: continuousforms

The passive is often used in the present continuous and in the past continuous. am/are/is + being + past participle was/were + being + past participle The present continuous passive showsus that something is taking place now. Active Mechanics are refuelling theplane. Passive Theplane is beingrefuelled. The past continuous passiveshowsus that something wastaking place at a statedor known time in the past. Active Mechaniauerc refuelling theplnnc. Passive Theplaneutasbeingre-fircllcd whtn thq aniaed. We can use by + person/thing if we wish to saywho or what did the action. 1 2 3 Someone's ricket (check). Someone'sluggage (weigh). Now labels Now the cases onto the conveyor belt. A flight (announce)
-l

-l

iI

-l

i,t bana ch*:**/

(stick on). (put) 1

The passive: infinitive form

We form the passiveinfinitive with be + past participle. Verbs such as san, must, may, might, have to, should often come before it. 5 6

over the loudspeaker. Passports Passengers to the aircraft by bus. (check) (drive)

Chapter 22

I protestl

The o,c hor-ise

One dar',Jennv noticed thatjobs were being done to an old house in Park Street. Look at the picture and use the past continuous passiveof the words from the box to write what was being done.

build wash cut

\Irs Neal is angry. She is complaining to the mavor of Merton. Put the sentencesinto the present continuous passive.

deliver plant take away pur up paint '/ repair

You are wasting too much money. ToomuchmonE is beingwasted. You are not improving education. Educationis not beingimproued. I 2 You are not helping old people. You are spendingmoney on the wrong things. You are not helping unemployedpeople. You are doing nothing againstcrime. You are not cleaningthe streets. You are wastingmoney on dinners and parties. You are building too many offices. You are not improving the health service. You are doing nothing againstpollution. You are not lowering taxes.

3 4
3

6 7 8 9 I0

1 The grass
9
q

The rubbish A garage The fence

The windows

4 5 6 n 8

A nestingbox Trees Furniture

Chapter 22

The environment: what can be done?

What can be done to make the Earth a safer and better place?

(
AN N(

d
TONY
J

KATE
j

PA U L

MA R Y

We must find waysof preventing oil spills. 00

. />->')

TINA
j

We shouldn't use products which damage

the ozone layer.

7s, >\)
DAVE

Chapter22

\ltrat did they say? Ilake the sentences passive.

TONY

a*-d,

l.t'wtt-'

I 2 3 4
3

BETH KATE PAUL MAX MARY JoHN TINA JOE Ltz DAVE

6 7 8 I 10

J
.t

Think of some more things thatcan/could,/ must etc. be done to saveour planet. Write a short paragraph in the passive.

i I

Don't be so impatient!
Nick often hasgreat plans but he doesn't always have the patience to follow things through. Use the words from the box to tell Nick what has to be done before he can do thesethings.

exams/pass parents'permission /give f500,/save darkroom/build visa/obtain Nick wantsto . . .

ticketsr/buy notes/learn '/ sPecialmaPs/buY skis/buy

J
J
I

Thznotzs haueto belzarnzdbefore you can uritz masic. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 take skiing lessons go on a school trip go to Nepal go to university go to the rock concert buy a mountain bike trek through the mountains developphotos

J J J
.,1
I

Chapter 22

23 I want to be a doctor

Verbs with to + infinitive

Grammar lesson

Verbswith to + infinitive
1 We use to + infinitive after theseverbs: afford agree decide hope JENNYWhat do you want to be? JANE Dad wants me to be a dentist but I want to be a doctor. I'm learning to do first aid. Itwon't be easy, but I havedecided to work hard at school.What about you? What would you like to do? JENNv Well, I like reading. I would Iike to study languagesand literature. I hope to go to university.Then I would like to work abroad for a while. UncleJoe has offered to help me. He could help me to get ajob in the States. JANE Will your parents allow you to leave England? JENNv Why not? Theywould prefer me to stay here, but it's up to me. And what about Be n ? JANE He hasdecided to becomePrime M in ister. . . learn manage offer plan promise want

We can use an object (you, me, Ben etc.) + to + infinitive after theseverbs: allow ask help invite prefer teach want

Will thq allowyoutohaae England? 3 After would like/love/prefer/hate to + infinitive. we use r-

But when there is no would, we often use r the ing form after like, love, prefer and hate.

6OKPM MARTH BEN

o3fli
4 o

(I tr'6 t
L
J

,.al

)L

Chapter23

Cornplete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use to + infinitive or an ing form. llax has decided >to betantt- (become) a mechanic, becausehe likes > lP-Pam'ng me ajob at his garage. MAx

(repair) cars.
Max's uncle has offered. ]

MARION

I hope to study biology and chemistry.I love doing experiments. I would like to be a research scientist one day. I hope I manage to get ajob at a university.

(give)

him ajob, but he would like 1

(have) his own garage one day.

Marion wants1
scientistbecauseshe likes 1 experiments. She would like I

(be) a research (do)

We can't afford to buy many things at home, so I would like to have ajob that payswell like a pop star.I'm learning to play the guitar - I'm pretty good. I would love to buy a big house for my family.

(go) (study)

to university. Shehopes 9
biology and chemistry. (have) an Jill would love outdoorjob becauseshe likes I (rvork) with animals.She doesn't like

DAVE

F
p

I don't like being indoors. I would hate to have ajob in an office. I would prefer to be a gardener or a game warden. I have decided to leave school next year.I don't want to do any more exams. Say the ansrversto the questions in full sentences. He wants to bea mechanic. He would Loue to buy a big housefor hisfamily.

(stay)indoors. She has decided

l0

(leave) school next year.She (be) a game warden

would love ll or a gardener. Dave is learning t2 guitar. He hopes l3

(play) the (become) a (earn)

pop star,becausehe likes la (write) music. He wants l5 a lot of money becausehe would like
l6

(buy) a big house for his family.

* t

I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Whowants to be a research scientist? What is Dave learning to play? Who doesn't want to do any more exams? Whatwould Marion like to get? Whatwould Dave like to be? What does Marion hope to study? Who would prefer to have an outdoorjob? What hasJill decided to do? Whatwould Max like to have one day? What has Max's uncle offered to do?

What doldon't you like doing? What would,/wouldn't you like to be? Write a short paragraph.

Chapter 23

2 What about you?

about yourself using the to + Sayeight sentences infinitive form. Use words from the listsor use your own ideas. buy a motor bike/car/boat do all the housework stayout late become a film star/rock star/international model spend lots of money on clothes,/shoes read every play by Shakespeare do nothing all day live in the mountains study physicsat university write a book about centipedes becomean opera singer learn everyword in the English language play professionalbasketball

have offered can (not) afford have decided (not) hope have promised (not) have (not) agreed would (not) like (don't) want can (not) manage

3 Conflicts
What do theywantto do? What do other peoplewant them to do? Write the answers. Saturday. Why don't you go to the bowling alleywith me instead?
I'm going to watch television now. JENNv AMANDA Let's go to the snack bar instead.

JANE

Iertn l ^ru4tA to.qo h lltz a*tr:nn, bo& f a t t w w O*^ U o O*U o * *

I r ou
NICK

BEN

I'm going to the musicshop. Why don't you go to the fun-fair with me instead?
6

I'm going to give my old computer gamesto my cousins. AMANDAOh? Can'tyou give them to me?

=MIKE SUE

I'm staying at home tonight. JANE AMANDA That's boring. Go to the basketball game with me.

I'm going to visit my'friends in London tomorrow. Can't you visit them nextweek instead?

r n

7
3 BEN TOM

;eNn
BEN

I want to go to the air show on Sunday. Can'tyou go with me on Saturday?

I'm going to the swimming pool. But you saidyou would help me with my chemistry.

-r

--l
Chapter23
Tl

-4

I'd like them to . . .

\thatwould you like other people to do? Savnvo things that you would like each of these people to do: rour friend lour parents (father/mother) vour brother/sister I would lihe ry friend to go to town with meon Saturday. I would like my motherto stopcomplainingaboutrnyclothes.

1 I I
l_c
J
3

ilIystery message
Nick has found this strange message in his pocket. Can you work out what it says? Write it in the spacebelow CIue: crossout theseletters bl '/ il a3 j4 i3 h3 cl c2 k4 e4 b4 d3 m2 h2 k2 12 dl i4 ml a4

I
I J

ab cd e fgh ijklm I
I

I ><W

O W A N T

O Y

O U R

I I I
IJ
_.l J

T O O M E E T O M EN KO T I NO T HE M O P AR K T HA T O T E NNIS

3 4

Message:I

-t
a

I Chapter23

J-

24 If you hadn't . . .

Conditional sentencestype 3; rrnaftmight for possibility Will you lend me your bike?
Complete the sentences with the words in brackets in the past perfect or with would have + past participle. BEN Will you lend me your bike? I have to get to basketball training in five minutes. NrcK The last time I lent it to you, you got a BEN flat tyre and didn't repair it. Well,I > unu'l^d*t Lu'w goL get) a flat tyre if you
-l

JENNv Nick, catch the ball! Oh no, look what you've done. You've broken the lamp. NrcK If you hadn't thrown the ball so high,I wouldn't have knocked it off the table. It wasn't really my fault. JENNv Well, whosefaultwas it? If you had looked, you would have seen it . NrcK It's too late now.We maybe able to stickit together.Then Mum might not notice.

JENNv It's too risky.Shemightwant to useiL Why don't wejust tell her what happened? NrcK And get my pocket money stopped again?Not likely!Where's the glue?

6ot

,l<al" prrt
air in it.

(put) enough

NrcK That's not true. You rode straight over

Grammar lesson
BEN

some broken glass. Weil,I l (not ride) over the glassif someone 2 (left) it all over the road. Besides, I
J

Conditional sentencestFpe 3
We use if + past perfect + would have + past participle for unreal situations in the past. if clause Main clause past perfect would have + past participle We imagine a condition or situation in the pastwhich wasimpossibleor didn't happen. look) When the if clausecomes first, we usuallyuse a comma (,) after it. We can also put the main clausefirst: hadn'tthrcutn theball sohigh.

(go) round the -

glass,if a car ! (not come) from the other direction. NrcK Well, you could have stopped. (stop) if the BEN 1 5 brakes fail). NrcK Well, you should have checkedthe brakes before you started. I (not lend) you my bike if I (know) that the brakesweren't working. (not

might for possibility mray,

We use may dr might + infinitive without to to talk about something that is possible now or in the future. Both mean'perhaps'. (= Perhapswe can stick it.) Shemigfutnotnotice. (= Perhapsshewill not notice.) Chapter24

24 If you hadn't . . .

Conditional sentencestype 3; maft might for possibility Will you lend me your bike?
with the words in Complete the sentences brackets in the past perfect or with would have + past participle. BEN Will you lend me your bike? I have to get to basketball training in five minutes. NrcK The last time I lent it to you, you got a BEN flat tyre and didn't repair it. Well,I > umu,l^dnt h"ate goL get) a flat tyre if you > hal, p4rt air in it. NrcK That's not true. You rode straight over

JENNv Nick, catch the ball! Oh no, look what you've done. You've broken the lamp. NrcK If you hadn't thrown the ball so high,I wouldn't have knocked it off the table. It wasn't really my fault. JENNv Well, whosefaultwas it? If you had looked, youwould have seen it. NrcK It's too late now.We maybe able to stickit together. Then Mum might not notice.

JENNv It's too risky.Shemightwant to useit. Why don'twejust tell herwhat happened? NrcK And get my pocket money stopped again?Not likely! Where's the glue?

@ot

(put) enough

Grammar lesson
BEN

some broken glass.

W ell,Il
ride) over the glassif someone

(not

Conditional sentencestype 3
We use if + past perfect + would have + past participle for unreal situations in the past. Main clause if clause past perfect would have + past participle We imagine a condition or situation in the pastwhich wasimpossibleor didn't happen. look) When the if clausecomes first, we usually use a comma (,) after it. We can also put the main clausefirst: hadn't thrown theball so high-

(left) it all over I the road. Besides, 3 glass,if a car ! (not come) from the other direction. NrcK Well, you could havestopped. BEN 1 5 lstop) if the brakes fail). NrcK Well, you should have checkedthe brakes before you started. I (not lend) you my bike if I 9
(not

(go) round the -

r
I
l

rnay,might for possibility

We use may dr might + infinitive without to to talk about something that is possible now or in the future. Both mean 'perhaps'. (= Perhapswe can stick it.) She migfutnotnotice. (= Perhapsshewill not notice.) Chapter 24

(know)that the brakes weren'tworkinS.l

1 l

Fleroes
Look at thesenewspaper headlinesabout people who have done heroic acts. \.trritesentencesabout them with the words provided and if.

-I

r
i

not hear their cries not find them Tf lrz h.a.dn't hpnd" bh,el,r cr&! lLe

not go jogging

not find the child

wula*

hatre fat*d- tAnm.

I !-

pulled t Gonstable woman from Pierce exploding car

arrive one minute later be too late

s Jimmy Bond warned motorists of collapsed bridge

not walk along river not seethe bridge

Christie tree Combe saved catfrom

not find a ladder not be able to saveit

Karen Wright saved man from drowning

not taken a first aid course not know what to do

g Ken police Spudgen warned of hold-up

Walkman not stop working
not hear the thieves' plan

Accidents
The people in the doctor'swaiting room have all had accidents. Readwhat happened.Then make sentences with if. like this: He broke his arm. If hehadn'tfallen off his biqcle, hewouldn't haaebrokm his arm. 1 2 3 Mrs King fell off a ladder. She broke her arm. Mrs Fox dropped the iron. She burned her hand. Mr Brown slipped on a bananaskin. He nvistedhis ankle. Mr Bell walkedinto a lamp post. He bumped his head. Mrs Green fell down the stairs. She hurt her knee. MissPagedidn't fastenher seatbelt. She broke her nose. Mr Grey didn't pay attention. He shut the door on his finger. Jimmy tried to do a trick. He got his head stuckin a chair.

Chapter 24

4 Are you influenced by advertisiog?

Jenny has askedpeople if they are influenced by advertising.Here are some of the answers. No.I don't think so.I bought this watch last week.I had seena commercial for it on TV, but it's a good, reliable watch. I would have bought it even if I hadn't seenthe commercial. Yes,I'm sure that I am. Yesterday I bought these trainers. If I hadn't read about them, I would have chosen a cheaper pair. I wouldn't have paid so much money if the ad hadn't influenced me.
F

BILL

ROB

I think everybodyis influenced by advertising.Last week I bought a new shampoo.If I hadn't seena magazinead for the product, I wouldn't have tried it.

No. I buy whateveris the cheapest. But it's not always a good idea. Last week I bought a cheapred jumper and the colour came out. If I had bought a better jumper, itwould have kept its colour.

PAT

ANN

What did they say? Read the sentencesand sayif they are true or false.Correct the false statements. hadn't seena commercialon TV. Fake. He would haueboughttheuatch anyuay. 1 Rob would have bought a cheaper pair of trainers if he hadn't read an ad for the expensivepair. 2 Patwould have tried the new shampoo, even if she hadn't read about it. 3 Ann's jumper would have lost its colour, even if she had paid more. 4 Rob would have bought the expensive trainers anyway. 5 Bill would have bought the watch even if he hadn't seenthe commercial. 6 Rob would have paid more money if he hadn't seenthe ad.

Think of the commercials you haveseenand the things you have bought recently.Think of somethingyou bought because you had seena commercial on TV or an advertisement in a magazine. If you hadn't seenthe products adverrised, would you have bought them anyway? Write a short paragraph.

Chapter 24

Situations
Saywhat you would have done if these things had happened to you. She told a shop assistant what she had seen. If I had seen stealsornething, I uould sornzone haaedonethesamething. ox If I had seen sonuone stealsomething, I would not hauesaid anything. 1 Jim sawa car accident.He didn't help immediately, but he ran into a shop to telephone an ambulance.

Fears
Give reasons why some people don't like the following things. What do they think might happen? Sayyour answers. Thq think theplane rnightrash. I 2 3 4 5 6 Somepeople don't like going in lifts. Somepeople don't like driving in cities. Somepeople don't like dogs. Somepeople don'r like being in the dark. Somepeople don't like heights. Somepeople don't like snakes.

Mike heard a friend tell a lie. He didn't say anything. Later he asked the friend why he had lied. Susanfound a purse in the street. There was only a little money in it and no important papers or cards.There was no one in the street.She kept the money. A stranger askedPat for some money in the street. The stranger said he had to go somewhereurgently by taxi and had forgotten his wallet. Pat gave him the money and her telephone number. A TV reporter was asking passers-by their opinion about TV programmes.David wanted to be on television, so he combed his hair and went up to the reporter.

I I
I
I
f

I
I I I I I I I I

About you
Sayfive things thatyou maylmight (not) do when you leaveschool. Use theseideasor think of your own: go to university go abroad get ajob in England for a year get married go to Hollywood join the army become a professionalfootball player I might not stayin this country. I maygetajob ahroad ...

24 chapter

25 Play it more slowly

Comparison of adverbs; wish+ pasr perfect

Grammar lesson Comparison of adverbs
Adverbs of manner describehow we do things (carefully, badly, slowly, well etc.). we use more and the most to compare adverbsending with -ly. quick slowly more quickly more slowly most quickly most slowly

Mike and his band are practising a new song. Nick is listening. MrKE Stop! It's all wrong. It should be played more slowly. RoN Well, I think we should play it faster. And what's going on, Pete?You're playing worse than yesterday.

r
I

r
l

eETE Look who's talking. You're not doing any better yourself. MrKE Relax. We'll just have to work harder at it. Sorry, Nick. I wish you had heard us last night. We were pretty good. In fact, we played the best ever. NrcK RoN You sounded fine to me. But wasn't it a bit loud? We play more quietly when the neighbour starts banging on the wall.

r
i

r I
r
I
I

startsbangingon thewall. We compare irregular adverbsin the same way as adjectiveswith -er/-est. fast hard early faster harder earlier fastest hardest earliest

7 I
I

r
I t I I l. I
I

Here are some more irregular adverbs: well badly much little better worse more less best wcirst most least

r
I

1_

playd the bestwe'ue We played. euer We use than to make comparisonsin the sameway aswith adjectives.

,-

wish + past perfect

We usewish + past perfect to talk about something in the past that we regret. We cannot changewhat happenedor didn't happen. didn't hear us lastnight)

Chapter25

Io

Do it well
Complete the table with adverbs in the correct form. adverb slowly fast well easily comparative ) tl.tnr<- sla^/,,t1 zuperlative most slowly I best 4 Which ones could you do the easiest- I mean most easily?

t t t
L

> fa-tnr
9

3
5

quietly
I

6 8 l0

worse

much

9
more carefully

t
I

11
little thoroughly

l3 l5
earlier

t2 t4

r6
18
hardest

l7 l9

20

KT
gently thoroughly ./ soundly

I I 1 1 1 1 I I

Faster than eYerbefore

Complete the advertisements by putting an adverb from the box in the comparative form. Sometimesmore than one answeris oossible. well fast quickly easily y'

mrrc

thtrculhlg

rhan ever before!

n'arc utU'? your spots makes SpOtleSS disappear 1 SOFTWOOL washes yourpullovers
than any other washingpowder. 2 Drul b&a,P,will cleanseyour face before.

than ever

3 Deepsleep

will helpyou to sleep

than you

thought possible.

4 BRE A T T{EASYwill make colds disappear

than any other medicine.

5 Wirh l{ilOf-Off

youwill loseweight

than you dared to imagine.

j
-_-

Upcamerayour photoswill rurn out 6 With the tt"* POp

than ever before!

3 Resolutions
a

Iwish...
What do theywish they had or hadn't done? with wish + past perfect. Saysentences hehadn't spmt all hisnone) on a He wishes canrcra. I
I

makes At the beginning of a newyear Ben always resolutions to do things better. Complete his resolutionsfor this year with adverbs from the box in comparative form. Sometimesmore than one answeris possible. early neatly little ,/ hard seriouslv quietly regularly much good

fI
F,

F'-

3 4
.)

lr*4
in class. I
I

6 7 8

I will take school I will go to bed

Jenny bought a skirt that she didn't really like. F Jane sold her Walkman. Tom lost his bicycle lock. Nick didn't enter the graffiti competition. Amanda didn't buy the leather belt that she liked. Mike moved the furniture around in his room. l' Jenny missedrwoepisodesof her favourite I soaPopera. Ben didn't go to Max's party. F
I

3 I will write 4 I will do my homejwork

t

I will behave I will train school football.team. I will play my radio I will work

at school. for the

F I I p

I for exams.
FI
I

Write three resolutions.Whatwill you do better next year?Use the comparativeform of the adverbsin (a) or others.

p
I

>I

wWta'ktwark

rnorc-serhu9.

--i
I

5 What do you wish you had done?

I will work less.I will eat more quickly. Think of what you did or didn't do last week. Are there things you wish you had done or hadn't done? Saythree things.
tt

_--r
t

Chapter25

--il

-r!

f-l

It's too late . . .

Read the sentences and write what thev wish thev had or had not done.

t-

I didn't ask what her name was. I un"l4. t h^aJ- a*keiuthaf,

nO.tU2. hmrl

4
/12

I left early.

I didn't ask her where she lived.

I wasn'tnice to him.

I told her that she had a funny voice.

I pretended not to be interested.

I didn't tell her that I usuallycome here on Saturdays.

I told him I washere with someone else.

L

I didn't tell him my name.

Chapter 25

26 Do you want to go
JENNY A M ANDA

Verbs with to + infinitive or ing form

AMANDA I don't know how to ride. Tom offered to teach me once but the horse kicked me as soon as I went near. I refirsed to carry on.
JENNY

Hi. How are you? Bored. What are we going to do today? Well, do youwant to play tennis? My racket'sbroken and I can't afford to buy another one. Do you feel like swimming? I can't stand swimming. You get all weL Jane has invited us to go riding with her.

JENNY A M ANDA

Nickwanted us to go to the zoo with h im. . .

JE NNY A M ANDA

AMANDA I'm against keeping animals in zoos. I stopped visiting zoos two years ago.
JENNY

I don't know what to suggest.You don'twant to do anything.

JE NNY

AMANDA Exactly! That's why I'm so bored.

Grammar lesson Verbs with to + infinitive

r We use to + infinitive after afford, agree, decide, hope, manage,offer, promise, refuse, seem,want etc. We use a to + infinitive after the question words when, what, where, how etc. (but not after*hy). We use to + infinitive after some verbs + objecs (me, Tom). For example, advise, ask, expect, help, invite, order, persuade, tell, want etc.

Verbs with ing form

r We alwaysuse the ing form of a verb which follows avoid, dislike, enjoy, feel like, finish, can't help, don't mind, risk, can't stand, suggestetc. I can'tstandwimming.
7

We alwaysuse the ing form of a verb which follows a preposition. Sheisfor stoppingpollution.

to + infinitive or ing form?

After some verbs we can use to + infinitive or an ing form without an important qhangein meaning. Theseverbsare begin, continue, hate, like, love, start and a few others. After stop and r(Fnember we can use a to + infinitive or an ingform, but there is a change in meaning. I stoppedtn aisit a zoo.(= purpose, in order to visit a zoo) (= I didn't forget to bty . . . ) ta bry tlu tichzts. I rcmembaeil
j-

Chapter26

F
I L

I want to work
Put the verbs into the correct lists. enjoy ./ want ,/ promise can't help decide risk don't mind can't stand hope dislike refuse offer seem

Thomas Edison
Complete the story about the inventor Thomas Edison with to + infinitive or an ing form. Thomas Edison was one of the greatest inventors of all time. But as a child, he didn't enjoy

,jry_-

(go) to school.
(expel) him becausehe (do) his school work. He (learn). (teach)

When Edisonwasonlyseven,the headmaster

I
l l l l l

> want,

decided I

refused?
+ to work but he never stopped I His mother managed 1

onlywent to schoolfor three months,

him the most important things, and she (read) about persuaded him 5science.He didn't mind
> ea,loLl -

(stay) (read).

at home and he enjoyed He couldn't afford 8+working trarns. He loved l0

(buy)

the books he needed, so at twelvehe began (sell) newspapers and sweets in

(do) experiments,

and he set up a laboratory in the luggage van of Work with a partner. Your partner saysaverb from (a) above. You must saya correct sentencewith the verb before your partner has counted to ten. a train. When he wasolder, he invented the phonograph and the light bulb. Do you know the story of Edison and the egg? He wanted U
YOU

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

(boil) his egg (bring) an egg and a pan of (not forget) about the egg. (listen) to her.

four. . . I promise to help you withyour

hornanork.

himself, so he askedhis housekeeper

t2

Now you choose a verb for your partner and start counting to ten.

hot water to his laboratory. She told him

13

He seemed t4

But when she returned half an hour later he wasboiling his watch and timing it with the egg.

Chapter26

3 First aid
What do you know about first aid? Use words from each list to make eight sentences.

to do if someone faints to help someone who has swallowed poison

I know I don't know I'm not sure I'd have to find out

how where what when

to bandage a cut to do with a broken arm to feel someone'spulse to stop bleeding to do with a burn to treat a person in shock to move an unconsciousperson to do if someoneis choking

4 A questionnaire about smoking

a Use the verbsin bracketswith to + infinitive or an ing form to complete the questions. Then put a y' in one of the boxes. yes no notsure
]
C

I , 3

Would you advisepeople Are you against Do you dislike smoke? Would you refuse a car?

(stop)? (advertise)cigarettes?
(breathe) other people's

ntv nnn
n!!

nnn
(let) peoplesmokein
,

nn
(smoke)around you? (smoke)too young? (sell) (stop) smoking?
(damage) their health?

Do you mind people Do most people start Should shopkeepersrefuse cigarettesto children?

NT

6
11

!n

n n n

8 Can most smokersmanage I Do smokersrisk 10 Are most teenagerspersuaded

bv their friends? b

n nn n n! n
ntr Dnn

--l
-l

(smoke)
--l
-rl

Write your opinion about smoking in a short paragraph.

-rl --l
rl

I I

1 J
I I

5 Remernber to do it
a Ring the correct answer,then write it in.

I
ln

rtq Smnkt _____v_

tp1 years ago. .-n

a letter. a b c the to Post post Posting your nails! Don't

a b

smoke to smoke

|
I
I

(9 smoking
Mrs Bell must remember a b c 2 to phone phoning phone g

butcher to order the meat for the weekend.

8 Jenny, stop be so nervous! a b c biting to bite bite

on herway home from school,Jenny stopped a b c talking to talk talk to some friends.

I didn't remember bank. Now I have no money. a going bgo c togo

to the

The milkman thinks that Mrs Bell forgot to pay him, but she can remember the bill. a b c to Pay payrng Pay b

10 Jenny can remember bicycle and wassix. a b c to fall, breaking falling, to break falling, breaking

off her her leg when she

Mr Blake askedthe classto stop a b c to talk talk talking

write three things thar you must remember to do before next weekend.

: to school c Write three things thatyou can remember doing when you were a small child.

Nick can remember for the first time. a to g o bg o c going

Ben didn't remember bicycle. The brakes still squeak. a b c oiling to oil oil

his

Chapter26

_
27 They will havef;nished

Future perfect simpleand continuous rl _l Presentsimplefor future time

-l

-l

Grammar lesson

-li
J

Future perfect simple

We form the future perfect simple with will + have + past participle.
Jenny andJane have come to watch rhe Merton Marathon. JANE What time is it? JENNY It's nine o'clock. JANE By ten thirty the runners will have finished.

We use the future perfect simple to talk about actiotrs thatwill be completed at a particular time in the future. Now Action Future X this timp next week, tornorroto, ten thirty The future perfect is often used with by (= up to) + point of time (by then, by next week, by the year 2000 etc.).

JENNv No. They won't have finished by then. The women will not even have started by then. JANE What time do they start?

JENNv The men's race starts at nine thirty and the women's race starts at eleven thirty. JANE By the time they arrive, we will have been waiting for hours.

Future perfect con tinuous

We form the future perfect continuous with wiII have been + ing form. We use the future perfect continuous for actions that start in the future and continue to happen up to a particular time in the future. It is often used with for + length of \ time(for hours etc.).

JENNv Yes, and they will have been running for hours.

Presentsimple for future time

We use the present simple with a future meaning to talk about fixed or arranged times, for example, timetables and official Programmes.

Chapter 27

Find the answers

Find the future perfect simple and the future perfect continuous forms in the list below. Write the letter in brackets in the right box to find the answersto the questions below. Future perfect simple he will have left (E) he will have been reading (F) it will be raining (P) she won't havebeen waiting (I) theywill have finished (D) will it have landed? (I) she will be invited (Z) will he have been working? (F) it will have been raining (T) will we have arrived? (N) he will be reading (A) I won't have been watching (Y) he won't have started (B) they will have written (U) we will have been learning (T) I will have gone (R) he won't be asked (S) you will have done (G) will they have been skiing? (W) she will have been talking (O) we will have left (H) Future perfect simple: What is the capital of Scotland? Future perfect cont.

Pocket money
Do you savesome of your pocket monev, or do you spend it all?This is how muchJenny and Nick and their friends saveor spend in a week: spends Jenny Nick Tom Amanda Jane Ben

li
-i a
t

5op
f1 f2.50 f 1.50 nothing

E F

tl
-1 I

f2 f3.50 f4 f 1.50 f2.50 f3.50

! I

Imagine that today is the first day of February. Answer the questionsin full sentences. ofFebruary? By theend of FebruaryJenny wiII hauesaued f,8. middle of March? By themiddleof March Nichwill hauespmt f,21. How much will Ben have savedby the end ofFebruary? 2 How much pocket moneywillJane have received by the end ofFebruary? 3 How much will Amanda have savedby the middle of March? 4 How much willJane have spent by the middle of March? 5 How much pocket money will Nick have received by the middle of March? 6 How much will Nick have savedby the middle of March? 7 How much will Tom have savedby the end of March? 8 How much willJenny havespent by the end of March? How much pocket moneywill Tom have received by the end of March? l0 How much will Ben have spent by the end of March? 1l Who will have savedthe most by the end of March? t 2 Who will have spent the most by the end of March? I

I
I

l l

I 1 I I I 1 I

Future perfect continuous: How many statesare there in the USA?

chapter2l

3 What will they have done?

Write a, b or c in the gap and read the completed sentences.

4 About you
Write the answersin full sentences. Use for + length of time. English by the end of this school year?

their newspaper. a b @ will have been completing have completed *ill have completed four

How long will you have been living in your town by next summer?

afternoon, Tom By Wednesday people. a b c 2 will have interviewed will interview will be interviewed

How longwil,l you havebeen living in your house or flat by next year? four articles. How long will you haveknown your English teacher by the end of this school year?

By tomorrow nightJenny a b c will be written will have written won't have been writing

When the newspapercomes out, they on it for six weeks. a b c will work will have been working won't havebeen working How long will you have known your best friend by next summer?

They hope that by the end of next week they a b c 2,000copies. will be sold will have sold won'I havesold

How long will you havebeen Watchingyour favourite TV programme by the end of this year?

Nick hopes that by the end of the year they a b c rich and famous. won't become became will have become seven

How long will you havebeen attending your present school by the end of the school year?

By next month, Amanda articles. a b c will have written will have been writing will write

27 chapter

ls

A trip to Cornwall
Mr Blake is taking his classto Cornwall. Look at his itinerary and complete the questions or answersin the present simple.

l I I

l6nday 9 .30 a.m. 5.00 p.m. Tuesday morning afternoon tlednesday morning, afternoon Thursday morningr Fri&y 9 .30 a.m. 5.00 p.m.

leave Merton Iunch in Bath arrive in padstow

visit Tintagel, King Arthur, s Castle go swinrning

visit North Cornwall Museum go riding or rock-climbing

visit

seal sanctuary

Ieave Padstow lunch in Wells arrive in Merton

Questions When do we leave Merton? Whtle da n,e h.u/<. Utlr'l/L? I

Answers at 1.go We l*a'w Matnn ow Mon^d.att

In Bath. We arrive at about 6 in the evening. On Wednesday morning. On Tuesdayafternoon.

2 When do we visit the seal sanctuary? 3

4
3

When do we go rock-climbing?

6 When do we go to Tintagel?
When do we go riding?

8 I l0
\4hen do we arrive home?

On Friday morning at 9.30. In Wells.

I I
l

Chapter 27

2S Going to Cornwall

Tense review
Today they are visiting the North Cornwall Museum. They are taking a guided tour. Amanda is staying close to the rest of the class.

i
i
?
7

Amanda, Nick andJane have gone to Cornwall on a school trip. So far, they have been having a great time. There has only been one small problem. they visited a castle.Many tourists Yesterday, visit it every year.Amanda had never seen such an old castlebefore. She started exploring it by herself. Then it happened. Amandawas in a small room looking for secretpassages when the wind blew the door shut, She was trapped. She had been shouting for half an hour before Nick andJane found her.

Grammar lesson Presentsimple

We use the present simple for repeated actions and for facts that do not change.

Presentcontinuous
We use the present continuous for an action that is happening at the moment of speaking or for an action that happens at a time which includes the moment of speaking.
7

l
a
I

Pastsimple
We use the past simple for an action which started and finished in the past, often with an expressionof past time (last year, in 1969 e tc.) .

Pastcontinuous
We use the past continuous for an action which washappeningwhen another action started. thewindbleut thedoorshut.

f
I
7

l-

Present perfectsimple
We use the present perfect simple for a completed action at an unknown or unstated time (without a time reference). know when - and it isn't important.)

Presentperfect continuous
We use the present perfect continuous for an action which began in the past and continues up to the present. The action may be completed or not completed.

Pastperfectsimple
We use the past perfect simple for a completed action in the pastwhich startedand finished before another action in the past. before. Shestartcd explming it.

Past perfect continuous

We use the past perfect continuous for a past action which continued until another past action happened. Nich andJanefound her

Chapter28 rp

The firsr rrral i:e soace

Crossout the wrong u.rJro.rn, and read about the first man in space. It all > began,/hFbun astronaut, Yuri Gagarin, his doctor. After he on April the 12th, 1961.The Russian t has been woken up/waswoken up

by

2 was eating/had eaten a breakfast of meat

li

paste,marmalade and coffee, his doctor 3 gave/has given him a medical examination. At 7 o'clock Gagarin 4 wzlked/walks He up the platform of Vostok l.

t.
I I I I I I I il I

5 waved/was waving goodbye to all thosewho

6 had come/were coming to seehim. Then Gagarin 7 disappeared/wasdisappearing into the spaceship. Finallv.at 7 .58 ,h e 8 has announced/announced that he was ready for takeoff. Gagarin's flight 9 waslasting/lasted only 108minutes. During the hanging in the air. l0 hung,/was

flight he had the feeling that he

His atlas,pencil and notebook 11 floated/have floated around him in the cabin. Vostock 12 started/hasstarted its return flight at 8.25, after it t3 had orbited,/wasorbiting the earth once.

Back on Earth, a farm rvoman and her granddaughter,who I4 had seen/wereseeing the spaceship as it | 15 landed,/lands rvere the first people to greet the astronaut.Gagarin 16 had travelled/was travelling Iessthan one hour in space,but he l7 went,/hasgone wnere no man 18 had gone/was going

before.

t
I I I

Famous names in space

Put the verbsin the presentsimple, present perfect simple or pastsimple to make correct sentences. Mostpeoprc> ha)/"- se-e,rL (see) several

The surprise parq

LastweekJenny andJane organizeda big surprise party for Tom's birthdav.This is what happened but the eventsare in the wrong order. Complete the sentences bywriting the words in bracketsin the past simple or the past continuous.Then write a number in the box to showwhat order the sentences shouldbe in.

rocket launcheson television.There >iA (be) nothing very unusual about spacetravel today.Spaceflights (belong) to our modern world, but thirty yearsago sending a satellite

E ;..rr,, > Pluwei'

(phone) all

Tom'sfriendswhile he , uru P4^g (play)tenniswith Nick.

into space 3
exciting.
J

(be) very

f
(you hear) of Laika, (launch) into spacein

*..,

Toml

(not (take)

Iook)Jenny? Ll

the unlucky dog which the Russians 7957?She I (be) the first

his address book out of his pocket.

On Saturday morning,Jenny andJane

(buv) the food for the party when Tom 1 (see)them at the supermarket. But he (not guess) what

living creature in space.Unfortunatell', she

neuer9
Weterok and Ugoljok Z

(return). However, a

few yearslater, in 1966, the Rpssiandogs

they 9

(d o ). (cycle)in the (arrive) for the

(orbit) the Earth 330 times and finally (return) safely. (you hear) of Valentina Tereshkova?She lo woman in space. But there is one name that evervbodv
ll

Lo.n
8

park with Nick when alI the guests (circle)

the Earth 48 timesin 1963- she wasthe first

*l.

Tom9

(walk)

up the stairsall his frie nds suddenly l0 (shout),'Surprise!' \4rhen Tom l t (arrive)

(know) - Neil Armstrong,

the first man on the Moon. On the 20th ofJuly .1969,Neil Armstrong and BvzAldrin
t2

(land) on the Moon and (watch) (be) 385,000kilometres

in front of the housewith Nick. all his friends 12 (h id e ) .

the whole world I3 them on television.The astronauts

74

*.r,Jane 13
l4

(return) (plan) an article

the addressbook to Tom's pocket,he

from home. So far, astronauts I5 the Moon only. Butwill Mars be next? Chapter28 (land) on

withJenny.

Test your tenses

How well do you know your tenses? Ring a, b or and write in correct answer. c the well latelv.She looks very pale. a b @ 1 wasn't isn't being hasn't been
many old

When Nick camein. thev about the party. a b c were talking are talking talk her

Amanda castlesyet. a b c hasn't visited is visiting was visiting

8 Jennyusually
work on time. What's happened? a b c 9 finished finishes hasfinished

Before she had the accident.she a nrce ume ln Cornwall. a b c has had is having had been having

I can't hear a thing! Everyone at the sametime a b c talks hasbeen talking is talking his car when

l0

Nlike it startedto rain. a b c waswashing washes is rvashing

In general, Trig hard work and early mornings. a b c doesn't like wasn't liking hadn't been liking

Ii

Nick football match all week. a b c has been uaining is training trains

for the

I'm sorry, but Nick out for the da,v. a b c has gone goes was going a game tomorrow/ a b c Did you come Do you come Are you coming to the football

12 Trig is speakingTriglonian. I him. a b c don't understand wasn't understanding had been understanding

Who was he? She was sure that she him before.

loo

I I I

a b c

hasseen hid seen is seeing

Chaoter28

Oxford University Press Walton Sreet, Oxford OX2 6DP Oxford NervYork Toronto Madrid Delhi Bombay Calcutta Madras Ibrachi Kuala Lumpur Singapore Hong Kong Tokyo Nairobi Dar es Salaam Caoe Town Melbourne Auckland and associatedcompanies in Berlin Ibadan o x F o R Da n d o x F o R D E N c L I s F i are uade marks of Oxford Universiry Press. ISBN 0 19 4313638 ISBN 0 l9 431356 5 (Greek edition) @ Oxford University Press1993 First published May 1993 Second impression November 1993 AII rights reserved. No part of this publicadon may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford Universiq'Press. This book is sold subject to the condirion thar ir shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, re-sold, hired out, or othenvise circulared without the publisher's prior consent in any form ofbinding or cover other than rhat in which it is published and without a similar condidon including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser. Illustrated by Heather Clarke . Tyoeset in Baskerville by Pentacor nrc

Printedin Egypt PrintingHouse By International

E-

:l

(continued from front cover)

-l

r]

rl

Long (and short) forms

Presentperfect simple
I have (IVe) worked vou have (you've) worked he has (he's) worked she has (she's) worked ithas (it's) worked rve have (we've) worked vou have (youVe) worked thev have ( they've) worked I have not (I haven't) worked you have not (you haven't )worked he has not (he hasn't) worked she has not (she hasn't) worked it has not (it hasn't) worked we have not (we haven't) worked you have not (you haven't; worked they have not (they haven't) worked

Questions
have I worked? have vou worked? has he worked? has she worked? has it worked? have we worked? have you worked? have theyworked?

r]
.J

Present perfect continuous

I have been (I've been) working you have been (you've been) working he has been (he's been) working she has been (she's been) working it has been (it's been) working we have been (we've been) workjng vou have been (you,ve been) working thev have been (they've been) working T RR EGUL AR VERBS Infinitive

=l
-l
a I f,

rl

have I been working? have you been working? has he been working? has she been working? has it been working? have we been working? have you been working? have they been working?

P' Oecome
begin blow break

J p.'.:q ourlcl
-t

*Jx'
I _ J drarv drink drive

- J::::

buv

Jf-.;,
find

;;;

Past simple Past participle was been became become began begun blew blown broke broken brought brought built built bought bought caught caught came come cost cost cut cut drg drg did done drew drawn drank drunk drove driven ate eaten fell fallen felt felt fought fought found found flew flown forgot forgotten froze frozen gor got gave given went gone grew grown hung hung had had heard heard hit hit held held hurt hurt kept kepr knerv known

Infinitive leave lend light lose make meet pay Put read ride run say see sell send set sew shake shut slng srt speak spend stand steal stick swrm take teach tell think throw wake wear wln wnte

Pastsimple left lent lit lost made met paid Put read rode ran said saw sold sent set sewed shook shut sang sat spoke sPenr stood stole stuck swam took taught told thought threw woke wore won wrote

Past participle left lent lir lost made met paid put read ridden run said seen sold sent seI sewn shaken shut sung sat. spoken sPent stood stolen stuck swum taken taughr told thought thrown woken worn won wrttten

rsBN0-l-9-431363-B

9ilf8Ar941 3136361

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