POWER ELECTRONICS 4A PRACTICAL REPORT

PRAC 2: DCDC BOOST CONVERTER DESIGN

COMPILED BY: NTIDI GOBITSAONE 200839693 And CHOLOTA MN 200830563

HANDED: 20/04/12

TABLE OF CONTENT

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

INTRODUCTION..3 PRACTICAL OBJECTIVE..4 APPARATUS..4 PROCEDURE.4 RESULTS5-9 CONCLUSION.......10 REFERENCES...10

INTRODUCTION In this report, a boost converter is designed built and tested to testify the expected results which are given as specifications. A boost converter is a power converter that takes in a small input voltage and converts it to a higher voltage. The operations of the boost converter are as laid out below:

Figure 1: A schematic diagram of the boost converter.

Figure 2: The boost converter when the switch is on When the switch is on, there is no current flowing through the diode. As such the inductor stores energy supplied from the voltage source.

Figure3: The boost converter when the switch is off When the switch is off, the energy that was stored in the inductor is released to the capacitor and the capacitor starts charging up, then voltage across the load increases, which is the measured output voltage.

PROJECT OBJECTIVES: The aims of this project were: 1. To design, simulate and build a stand-alone boost converter with the following specifications: Input voltage: 12V Input voltage: 12V Output power: 12W 2. To measure the output power and efficiency and prove that the feedback circuit is operational. APPARATUS: Oscilloscope DC power supply Signal generator Toroidal core, r = 1000 H/m An inductor, 120 H One capacitor, 1000 F IRF510 MOSFET Resistor 47 Multimeter Breadboard 1N5818 Diode

PROCEDURE: 1. An inductor was designed according to the equations that are provided in the results section below. 2. With the inductance and the specifications given, the circuit in the figure 1 below was designed and built. The circuit was first simulated and then built on a breadboard using the components above. 3. The circuit was then tested using the DC power supply, oscilloscope and a signal generator. 4. A 50 kHz square wave was supplied to the gate of the transistor to switch it on and off. 5. A 12V DC voltage was supplied to power the circuit. 6. The output voltage was then measured using a multi-meter.

Figure 4: Designed boost converter

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

1. INDUCTOR DESIGN

VO 1 24 Vi 1 D 12 therefore _ D 0.5 1 Ts 20s 50 x103 therefore t on D Ts 0.5 20s 10s

Calculating the inductance:

I P 12 1A V 12

TsVo D(1 D) 2I 20 10 6 24 0.5 0.5 L 2 L 60H L

Calculating the number of turns:

The area of the toroid core that was used was determined. The schematic below show how the measurements were taken:

Figure 5: Toroid core

OD = 28 mm ID = 16 mm

r = 11mm

H = 8mm

A H (OD ID) / 2 A (8 10 3 6 10 3 ) 4.8m 2

N2 2rL 2 11 10 3 60 10 6 6.76 10 2 7 6 A 4 10 1000 4.8 10

N 26turns

Determining the size of the wire:

66.6

50 x10 3 diameter : d 0.6mm

0.3mm

Even though the calculations above show that the inductor should be 60 H, the inductance of 120 H was used. The 60 H didnt boost the input voltage to the required output voltage. A 15V output was measured was measured when using the 60H .From this equation, VL = Ldi/dt the energy stored by this inductor was not...........The average voltage is proportional to the inductance, as such the inductance of 60 H showed that 15V volts can be measured,and doubling inductance increased the output voltage to 22.3V. Determining the load resistance and output capacitance Po = I2R I=P/V=12/24=0.5 A Therefore the resistance is: R=12/0.52=48, 47 was chosen since it was available in the lab.

Figure 6: The circuit that was built

Figure 7: Switching waveform of the Mosfet at Vd Figure 7 shows that the mosfet was indeed switching on and off. The spike in the waveform is due to the inductance in the circuit. This is verified in the circuit that was built. There are lots of longer connecting wires used which result in increasing the inductance.

Input results measured:

Figure 8: Input voltage and output voltage Input voltage: 12V Input current: 0.99A Calculated power: Pi Vi I i 12 0.95 11 .88W Output results measured: From the simulations, the expected output is as shown in the figure below:

Figure 9: simulated output voltage

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Figure 10: Channel 1 is input voltage and channel 2 is output voltage

Figure 11: Measured output voltage and output current using a multi-meter Figure 10 and 11 show the measured outputs using the oscilloscope and multi-meter respectively. Output current of 0.49 A was measured using multi-meter, which was connected in series with the load resistor, and the output voltage was measured to be 22.3 V. The output voltage was then verified using an oscilloscope. Therefore:
Po Vo I o 22 .3 0.49 11W

The expected output power is 12W and the measured output power was 11W, which gives an error margin of 8.3% between the theoretical and practical results. Calculating the efficiency of the booster: Input power: 11.88 W Output power: 11W

11 0.925 92.5% 11.88

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CONCLUSION The objectives of the project were mainly achieved since the booster was designed, which showed that a 12V was stepped up to 22.3V giving difference of 1.7 V between the expected voltage (24V) and the measured voltage, which is an error of 7.1%. The error of power is 8.3% which is very small. This shows that there are low losses on the circuit and the efficiency being high. These losses are due to the Mosfet switching on and off. The project required a Pulse Width Modulator to be used to drive the circuit. Though the PWM was not used, the signal generator was used to generate a pulse that will drive the Mosfet. A signal generator was used to mock-up the PWM. During the simulation, it was observed that when the capacitance is increased, the voltage ripple reduces and when a smaller ripple is used, the ripple increases. This means that in order to smoothen the ripples a large capacitance should be used.

REFERENCES [1] Mohan N., Underland T.M., Robbins W.P., Power Electronics Converters, Applications and Design, Wiley 1995.2 [2] http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/magnetic/indtor.html [3] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boost_converter [4] http://www.ladyada.net/library/diyboostcalc.html
[5] http://www.telcon.co.uk/PDF%20Files/TELCON-CORES.PDF

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