5G Technology

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A Technical seminar Report On 5G MOBILE TECHNOLOGY

TECHNICAL SEMINAR RE ORT IN ARTIAL !"L!ILLMENT O! THE RE#"IREMENT !OR THE A$AR% O! THE %EGREE O!
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY IN

Electrical and Electronics Engineering

!BMITTE" BY NAME SAGAR RA%HAN G+ided ,-./ NILA0ANTHA 1AIN REG# NO $%$&'&($)*

IN"! COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 2A33iliated to Bi4+ 5atnai6 !ni7ersit- o3 Tec8nolog-9 Ro+r6ela 2O"I HA9

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)$&)

"E5ARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AN" ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING IN"! COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

2A33iliated to Bi4+ 5atnai6 !ni7ersit- o3 Tec8nolog-9

CERTIFICATE
This is to certi'y that the Technical Seminar report s(bmitte) 5G MOBILE TECHNOLOGY *as s(ccess'(lly complete) by

NAME
AGAR 5RA"HAN

RE"G# NO $%$&'&($)*

In the partial '(l'illment 'or the a*ar) o' %egree o' +achelor o' Technology in Electrical and Electronics Engineering by the Bi4+ 5atnai6 !ni7ersit- o3 Tec8nolog-

EMINAR G!I"E ,S-.-CHA"%HAR/0

EMINAR COOR"INATOR ,NILA.ANTHA S$AIN0

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AC0NO1LE"GEMENT

I am 2ery grate'(l3 than4'(l an) *ish to recor) my in)ebtness to NILA0ANTHA

1AIN

Electrical an) Electronics

Engineering3 In)(s College o' Engineering3 +h(banes*ar3 'or his acti2e g(i)ance an) interest in this technical seminarI *o(l) also li4e to than4 #0#C8a+d8ar-: G(i)e3 %epartment o' Electrical an) Electronics Engineering 'or his contin(e) )ri2e 'or better 5(ality in e2erything that allo*e) me to carry o(t my technical seminar-

Lastly3 I e6press my gratit()e to all the

ro'essors3 Lect(rers3

Technical an) O''icial sta''s an) 'rien)s 'or their co7operation3

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constr(cti2e criticism an) 2al(able s(ggestions )(ring the preparation o' this technical seminar report-

NAME9 SAGAR RA%HAN Reg)- No-97 :;:&8&<:1= +RANCH7EEE

AB TRACT
5G technologies *ill change the *ay most high7ban)*i)th (sers access their phones- $ith 5G p(she) o2er a >OI 7enable) )e2ice3 people *ill e6perience a le2el o' call 2ol(me an) )ata transmission ne2er e6perience) be'ore-5G technology is o''ering the ser2ices %oc(mentation3 s(pporting electronic in ro)(ct Engineering3 e7 transactions ,e7 ayments3

transactions0 etc- As the c(stomer becomes more an) more a*are o' the mobile phone technology3 he or she *ill loo4 'or a )ecent pac4age all together3 incl()ing all the a)2ance) 'eat(res a cell(lar phone can ha2e- Hence the search 'or ne* technology is al*ays the main moti2e o' the lea)ing cell phone giants to o(t inno2ate their competitors- Recently apple has pro)(ce) shi2ers all aro(n) the electronic *orl) by la(nching its ne* han)set3 the I7phone-

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!eat(res that are getting embe))e) in s(ch a small piece o' electronics are h(ge-

CONTENT

&- INTRO%"CTION 1- NET$OR. ARCHITECT"RE 8- MI?7+AN%$I%TH %ATA ATH %ESIGN =- MO+ILE 7 $IRELESS GRI%S 5- .E/ CONCE TS O! 5G @- !EAT"RES O! 5G NET$OR.S TECHNOLOG/ A- CONCL"SION

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<- RE!ERENCES

INTRO"!CTION
The present cell phones ha2e it all- To)ay phones ha2e e2erything ranging 'rom the smallest siBe3 largest phone memory3 spee) )ialing3 2i)eo player3 a()io player3 an) camera an) so on- Recently *ith the )e2elopment o' ico nets an) +l(e tooth technology )ata sharing has become a chil)Cs playEarlier *ith the in'rare) 'eat(re yo( can share )ata *ithin a line o' sight that means the t*o )e2ices has to be aligne) properly to trans'er )ata3 b(t in case o' bl(e tooth yo( can trans'er )ata e2en *hen yo( ha2e the cell phone in yo(r poc4et (p to a range o' 5: meters- The creation an) entry o' 5G technology into the mobile mar4etplace *ill la(nch a ne* re2ol(tion in the *ay international cell(lar plans are o''ere)-

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The global mobile phone is (pon the cell phone mar4et- D(st aro(n) the corner3 the ne*est 5G technologies *ill hit the mobile mar4et *ith phones (se) in China being able to access an) call locally phones in Germany- Tr(ly inno2ati2e technology changing the *ay mobile phones *ill be (se)- $ith the emergence o' cell phones3 *hich are similar to a %A3 yo( can no* ha2e yo(r *hole o''ice *ithin the phone- Cell phones *ill gi2e to(gh competitions to laptop man('act(rers an) normal comp(ter )esigners- E2en to)ay there are phones *ith gigabytes o' memory storage an) the latest operating systemsTh(s one can say that *ith the c(rrent tren)s3 the in)(stry has a real bright '(t(re i' it can han)le the best technologies an) can pro)(ce a''or)able han)sets 'or its c(stomers- Th(s yo( *ill get all yo(r )esires (nleashe) in the near '(t(re *hen these smart phones ta4e o2er the mar4et- 5G Net*or4Cs ro(ter an) s*itch technology )eli2ers Last /ar) Connecti2ity bet*een the Internet access pro2i)er an) b(il)ing occ(pants- 5GCs technology intelligently )istrib(tes Internet access to in)i2i)(al no)es *ithin the b(il)ing-

)G/5G NET1OR0
The 'irst generation o' mobile phones *as analog systems that emerge) in the early &;<:s- The secon) generation o' )igital mobile phones appeare) in &;;:s along *ith the 'irst )igital mobile net*or4s- %(ring the secon) generation3 the mobile telecomm(nications in)(stry e6perience) e6ponential gro*th in terms o' both s(bscribers an) 2al(e7a))e) ser2ices- Secon) generation net*or4s allo* limite) )ata s(pport in the range o' ;-@ 4bps to &;-1 4bps- Tra)itional phone net*or4s are (se) mainly 'or 2oice transmission3 an) are essentially circ(it7s*itche) net*or4s1-5G net*or4s3 s(ch as General ac4et Ra)io Ser2ice ,G RS03 are an e6tension o' 1G net*or4s3 in that they (se circ(it s*itching 'or 2oice an)

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pac4et s*itching 'or )ata transmission res(lting in its pop(larity since pac4et s*itching (tiliBes ban)*i)th m(ch more e''iciently- In this system3 each (serEs pac4ets compete 'or a2ailable ban)*i)th3 an) (sers are bille) only 'or the amo(nt o' )ata transmitte)8G net*or4s *ere propose) to eliminate many problems 'ace) by 1G an) 1-5G net*or4s3 especially the lo* spee)s an) incompatible technologies s(ch as Time %i2ision M(ltiple Access ,T%MA0 an) Co)e %i2ision M(ltiple Access ,C%MA0 in )i''erent co(ntries- E6pectations 'or 8G incl()e) increase) ban)*i)thF &1< .bps 'or mobile stations3 an) 1 Mbps 'or 'i6e) applicationsIn theory3 8G sho(l) *or4 o2er North American as *ell as E(ropean an) Asian *ireless air inter'aces- In reality3 the o(tloo4 'or 8G is not 2ery certainart o' the problem is that net*or4 pro2i)ers in E(rope an) North America c(rrently maintain separate stan)ar)sE bo)ies ,8G 8G )i''erences in air inter'ace technologiesThere is also a concern that in many co(ntries 8G *ill ne2er be )eploye) )(e to its cost an) poor per'ormance- Altho(gh it is possible that some o' the *ea4nesses at physical layer *ill still e6ist in =G systems3 an integration o' ser2ices at the (pper layer is e6pecte)The e2ol(tion o' mobile net*or4s is strongly in'l(ence) by b(siness challenges an) the )irection mobile system in)(stry ta4es- It also relates to the ra)io access spectr(m an) the control restrictions o2er it that 2aries 'rom co(ntry to co(ntry- Ho*e2er3 as maGor technical a)2ances are being stan)ar)iBe) it becomes more comple6 'or in)(stry alone to choose a s(itable e2ol(tionary path- Many mobile system stan)ar)s 'or $i)e Area Net*or4s ,$ANs0 alrea)y e6ists incl()ing the pop(lar ones s(ch as "ni2ersal Mobile Telecomm(nications Systems ,"MTS03 C%MA3 an) C%MA71::: ,&?H8?0- In 'or E(rope an) AsiaF 1 'or North America0- The stan)ar)sE bo)ies ha2e not resol2e) the

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a))ition there are e2ol2ing stan)ar)s 'or

ersonal Area Net*or4s , ANs03

s(ch as +l(etooth *ireless3 an) 'or $LANs3 s(ch as IEEE <:1-&&The c(rrent tren) in mobile systems is to s(pport the high bit rate )ata ser2ices at the )o*nlin4 2ia High Spee) %o*nlin4 ac4et Access ,HS% A0- It pro2i)es a smooth e2ol(tionary path 'or "MTS net*or4s to higher )ata rates in the same *ay as Enhance) %ata rates 'or Global E2ol(tion ,E%GE0 )o in Global Systems 'or Mobile comm(nication ,GSM0- HS %A (ses share) channels that allo* )i''erent (sers to access the channel reso(rces in pac4et )omain- It pro2i)es an e''icient means to share spectr(m that pro2i)es s(pport 'or high )ata rate pac4et transport on the )o*nlin43 *hich is *ell a)apte) to (rban en2ironment an) in)oor applicationsInitially3 the pea4 )ata rates o' &: Mbps may be achie2e) (sing HS %A- The ne6t target is to reach 8: Mbps *ith the help o' antenna array processing technologies 'ollo*e) by the enhancements in air inter'ace )esign to allo* e2en higher )ata ratesAnother recent )e2elopment is a ne* 'rame*or4 'or mobile net*or4s that is e6pecte) to pro2i)e m(ltime)ia s(pport 'or I ser2ices3 calle) as I m(ltime)ia comm(nication mi6ing telecomm(nication telecomm(nication an) )ata ser2ices M(ltime)ia S(bsystems ,IMS0- Real7time rich

co(l) happen )(e to IMS in *ire line broa)ban) net*or4s- Ho*e2er3 mobile carriers cannot o''er their c(stomers the 'ree)om to mi6 m(ltime)ia components ,te6t3 pict(res3 a()io3 2oice3 2i)eo0 *ithin one call- To)ay a t*o party 2oice call cannot be e6ten)e) to a m(lti7party a()io an) 2i)eo con'erence- IMS o2ercomes s(ch limitations an) ma4es these scenarios possible-

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The '(t(re o' mobile systems is largely )epen)ent (pon the )e2elopment an) e2ol(tion o' =G systems3 m(ltime)ia net*or4ing3 an) (p to some e6tent3 photonic net*or4s- It is e6pecte) that initially the =G mobile systems *ill be (se) in)epen)ent 'rom other technologies- $ith gra)(al gro*th o' high spee) )ata s(pport to m(ltimegabit per secon)3 an integrations o' ser2ices *ill happen- In a))ition3 )e2elopments in photonic s*itching might allo* mobile comm(nication on a completely photonic net*or4 (sing $a2elength %i2ision M(ltiple6ing ,$%M0 on photonic s*itches an) ro(tersThe e2ol(tionary 2ie* o' =G systems to 5G incl()e a s(pport o' *ireless *orl) *i)e *eb allo*ing a highly 'le6ible an) recon'ig(rable )ynamic a)hoc net*or4s-

NET1OR0 ARCHITECT!RE
The basic architect(re o' *ireless mobile system consists o' a mobile phone connecte) to the *ire) *orl) 2ia a single hop *ireless connection to a +ase Station ,+S03 *hich is responsible 'or carrying the calls *ithin its region calle) cell ,!ig(re &0- %(e to limite) co2erage pro2i)e) by a +S3 the mobile

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hosts change their connecting base stations as they mo2e 'rom one cell to another-

Fig+re &. 1ireless Mo,ile -ste; Net<or6 Arc8itect+re

A han)7o'' ,later re'erre) to as IhoriBontal han)o''J in this article0 occ(rs *hen a mobile system changes its +S- The mobile station comm(nicates 2ia the +S (sing one o' the *ireless 're5(ency sharing technologies s(ch as !%MA3 T%MA3 C%MA etc- Each +S is connecte) to a Mobile S*itching Center ,MSC0 thro(gh 'i6e) lin4s3 an) each MSC is connecte) to others 2ia (blic S*itche) Telephone Net*or4 , STN0- The MSC is a local s*itching e6change that han)les s*itching o' mobile (ser 'rom one +S to another- It also locates the c(rrent cell location o' a mobile (ser 2ia a Home Location Register ,HLR0 that stores c(rrent location o' each mobile that belongs to the MSC- In a))ition3 the MSC contains a >isitor Locations Register ,>LR0 *ith in'ormation o' 2isiting mobiles 'rom other cells- The

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MSC is responsible 'or )etermining the c(rrent location o' a target mobile (sing HLR3 >LR an) by comm(nicating *ith other MSCs- The so(rce MSC initiates a call set(p message to MSC co2ering target area 'or this p(rpose-

Fig+re ). Mo,ile -ste;=1LAN Integration

The 'irst generation cell(lar implementation consiste) o' analog systems in =5:7;:: MHB 're5(ency range (sing 're5(ency shi't 4eying 'or signaling an) !re5(ency %i2ision M(ltiple Access ,!%MA0 'or spectr(m sharing- The secon) generation implementations consist o' T%MAHC%MA implementations *ith ;::3 &<:: MHB 're5(encies- These systems are calle) GSM 'or E(rope an) IS7&8@ 'or "S- The respecti2e 1-5G implementations are calle) G RS an) C% % 'ollo*e) by 8G implementationsThir) generation mobile systems are inten)e) to pro2i)e a global mobility *ith *i)e range o' ser2ices incl()ing 2oice calls3 paging3 messaging3 Internet an) broa)ban) )ata- IMT71::: )e'ines the stan)ar) applicable 'or North America- In E(rope3 the e5(i2alent "MTS stan)ar)iBation is in

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progress- In &;;<3 a Thir) Generation artnership roGect ,8G Generation artnership roGect 1 ,8G

0 *as 'orme)

to (ni'y an) contin(e the technical speci'ication *or4- Later3 the Thir) 10 *as 'orme) 'or technical )e2elopment o' C%MA71::: technology8G mobile o''ers access to broa)ban) m(ltime)ia ser2ices3 *hich is e6pecte) to become all I base) in '(t(re =G systems- Ho*e2er3 c(rrent 8G net*or4s are not base) on I F rather they are an e2ol(tion 'rom e6isting 1G net*or4s- $or4 is going on to pro2i)e 8G s(pport an) #(ality o' Ser2ice ,#oS0 in I an) mobility protocols- The sit(ation gets more comple6 *hen *e consi)er the $LAN research an) *hen *e e6pect it to become mobile- It is e6pecte) that $LANs *ill be installe) in trains3 tr(c4s3 an) b(il)ings- In a))ition3 it may G(st be 'orme) on an a)7hoc basis ,li4e a)7hoc net*or4s0 bet*een ran)om collections o' )e2ices that happen to come *ithin ra)io range o' one another ,!ig(re 10In general3 =G architect(re incl()es three basic areas o' connecti2ityF ANs ,s(ch as +l(etooth03 $ANs ,s(ch as IEEE <:1-&&03 an) cell(lar connecti2ity- "n)er this (mbrella3 =G *ill pro2i)e a *i)e range o' mobile )e2ices that s(pport global roaming- Each )e2ice *ill be able to interact *ith Internet7base) in'ormation that *ill be mo)i'ie) on the 'ly 'or the net*or4 being (se) by the )e2ice at that moment ,!ig(re 80- In 5G mobile I 3 each cell phone is e6pecte) to ha2e a permanent KhomeK I a))ress3 along *ith a Kcare7 o'K a))ress that represents its act(al location- $hen a comp(ter some*here on the Internet nee)s to comm(nicate *ith the cell phone3 it 'irst sen)s a pac4et to the phoneCs home a))ress-

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Fig+re '. ea;less Connection o3 Net<or6s in *G

A )irectory ser2er on the home net*or4 'or*ar)s this to the care7o' a))ress 2ia a t(nnel3 as in reg(lar mobile I - Ho*e2er3 the )irectory ser2er also sen)s a message to the comp(ter in'orming it o' the correct care7o' a))ress3 so '(t(re pac4ets can be sent )irectly- This sho(l) enable TC sessions an) HTT )o*nloa)s to be maintaine) as (sers mo2e bet*een )i''erent types o' net*or4s- +eca(se o' the many a))resses an) the m(ltiple layers o' s(b netting3 I 2@ is nee)e) 'or this type o' mobility!or instance3 &1< bits ,= times more than c(rrent 81 bit I 2= a))ress0 may be )i2i)e) into 'o(r parts ,I thr( I>0 'or s(pporting )i''erent '(nctionsThe 'irst 817bit part ,I0 may be )e'ine) as the home a))ress o' a )e2ice *hile the secon) part ,II0 may be )eclare) as the care7o' a))ress allo*ing comm(nication bet*een cell phones an) personal comp(ters- So once the comm(nication path bet*een cell an) C is establishe)3 care7o' a))ress *ill be (se) instea) o' home a))ress th(s (sing the secon) part o' I 2@ a))ress-

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Ta,le &. Co;>arison o3 &G/*G Tec8nologies

The thir) part ,III0 o' I 2@ a))ress may be (se) 'or t(nneling to establish a connection bet*een *ire line an) *ireless net*or4- In this case an agent ,a )irectory ser2er0 *ill (se the mobile I a))ress to establish a channel to cell phones- The 'o(rth an) last part ,I>0 o' I 2@ a))ress may be (se) 'or local a))ress 'or > N sharing- !ig(re = ill(strates the conceptThe goal o' =G an) 5G is to replace the c(rrent proli'eration o' core mobile net*or4s *ith a single *orl)*i)e core net*or4 stan)ar)3 base) on

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I 2@ 'or control3 2i)eo3 pac4et )ata3 an) 2oice- This *ill pro2i)e (ni'orm 2i)eo3 2oice3 an) )ata ser2ices to the mobile host3 base) entirely on I 2@The obGecti2e is to o''er seamless m(ltime)ia ser2ices to (sers accessing an all I 7base) in'rastr(ct(re thro(gh heterogeneo(s access technologies- I 2@ is ass(me) to act as an a)hesi2e 'or pro2i)ing global connecti2ity an) mobility among net*or4s-

Fig+re *. I57? address di7ided into 3o+r I57* addresses 3or s+>>orting *G=5G 3+nctions#

Most o' the *ireless companies are loo4ing 'or*ar) to I 2@3 beca(se they *ill be able to intro)(ce ne* ser2ices- The Dapanese go2ernment is re5(iring all o' DapanCs IS s to s(pport I 2@ *ith its 'irst =G la(nch- Altho(gh the "S (pgra)e to I 2@ is less a)2ance)3 $LANEs a)2ancement may pro2i)e a shortc(t to =G-

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MI@/BAN"1I"TH "ATA 5ATH "E IGN

C%MA )e2elopment gro(p ,C%G0 has iss(e) con2ergence architect(re 'or =G3 *hich combine) ico cell3 micro cell3 macro cell an) global area sho*n in !ig(re5- This architect(re clearly sho*s that in ico7cell area3 there are 'o(r *ireless net*or4 co2ere)3 in micro cell area3 there are three *ireless net*or4 co2ere)3 in macro cell area3 there are t*o *ireless net*or4 co2ere) at least- The problem is 'or any (sers at a certain place an) time3 it is one net*or4 s(pply *ireless ser2ices 'or them3 the others 4eep *ireless net*or4 reso(rces *aste- 5G is real *ireless *orl)3 it is complete) *ireless comm(nication- $e )esign mi67ban)*i)th )ata path 'or 5G so that all *ireless net*or4 reso(rce can be (se) e''iciently-

Fig+re5. *G Con7ergence Arc8itect+re

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MiA/Band<idt8 "ata 5at8 Model "esign

In or)er to )esign mi67ban)*i)th )ata path3 *e propose a ne* )ata mo)el as sho*n in !ig(re@- This mo)el base) on any t*o net*or4s o2erlay area- $hen a mobile no)e comes into the o2erlay area3 both o' the t*o net*or4s can s(pply ser2ices 'or the mobile no)e sim(ltaneo(sly%ata re5(est can be sent 'rom any one net*or43 an) reply can be 'rom any other net*or4-

Fig+re ?. MiA/,and<idt8 "ata 5at8 Model

In this mo)el3 the MN re5(est can go thro(gh the 'irst connection ,MN L +S L %SN L CN0 an) the res(lting reply can come 'rom the secon) connection ,CN L %SN L A L MN0- Th(s3 t*o net*or4s s(pply ser2ices 'or the mobile no)e sim(ltaneo(sly- !ollo*ing this mo)el3 *e propose mi67 ban)*i)th )ata path sho*n in !ig(re83 *hich contains 'o(r components- They are ban)*i)th management3 ban)*i)th selection3 pac4et recei2er an) ban)*i)th monitor-

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MOBILE / 1IRELE

GRI"

Mobile comp(ting is an aspect that plays seminal role in the implementation o' =G Mobile Comm(nication Systems since it primarily centers (pon the re5(irement o' pro2i)ing access to 2ario(s comm(nications an) ser2ices e2ery*here3 any time an) by any a2ailable means- resently3 the technical sol(tions 'or achie2ing mobile comp(ting are har) to implement since they re5(ire the creation o' comm(nication in'rastr(ct(res an) the mo)i'ication o' operating systems3 application programs an) comp(ter net*or4s on acco(nt o' limitations on the capability o' a mo2ing reso(rce in contrast to a 'i6e) oneIn the p(r2ie* o' Gri) an) Mobile Comp(ting3 Mobile Gri) is a heir o' Gri)3 that a))resses mobility iss(es3 *ith the a))e) elements o' s(pporting mobile (sers an) reso(rces in a seamless3 transparent3 sec(re an) e''icient *ay- It has the 'acility to organiBe (n)erlying a)7hoc net*or4s an) o''er a sel'7con'ig(ring Gri) system o' mobile reso(rces ,hosts an) (sers0 connecte) by *ireless lin4s an) 'orming ran)om an) changeable topologies-

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The mobile Gri) nee)s to be (pgra)e) 'rom general Gri) concept to ma4e '(ll (se o' all the capabilities that *ill be a2ailableF these '(nctionalities *ill in2ol2e en)7to7en) sol(tions *ith emphasis on #(ality o' Ser2ice ,#oS0 an) sec(rity3 as *ell as interoperability iss(es bet*een the )i2erse technologies in2ol2e)- !(rther3 enhance) sec(rity policies an) approaches to a))ress large scale an) heterogeneo(s en2ironments *ill be nee)e)A))itionally3 the 2olatile3 mobile an) poor net*or4e) en2ironments ha2e to be a))resse) *ith a)aptable #oS aspects *hich ha2e to be conte6t(aliBe) *ith respect to (sers an) their pro'iles-

1IRELE

GRI"

Gri) comp(ting lets )e2ices connecte) to the Internet3 o2erlay peer7to7 peer net*or4s3 an) the nascent *ire) comp(tational gri) )ynamically share net*or4 connecte) reso(rces in =G 4in) o' scenario- The *ireless gri) e6ten)s this sharing potential to mobile3 noma)ic3 or 'i6e)7location )e2ices temporarily connecte) 2ia a) hoc *ireless net*or4s- As !ig- A sho*s3 (sers an) )e2ices can come an) go in a )ynamic *ireless gri)3 interacting *ith a changing lan)scape o' in'ormation reso(rces- !ollo*ing Metcal'eEs la*3 gri)7 base) reso(rces become more 2al(able as the n(mber o' )e2ices an) (sers increases- The *ireless gri) ma4es it easier to e6ten) gri) comp(ting to large n(mbers o' )e2ices that *o(l) other*ise be (nable to participate an) share reso(rces- $hile gri) comp(ting attracts m(ch research3 reso(rce sharing across small3 a) hoc3 mobile3 an) noma)ic gri)s )ra*s m(ch less$ireless gri)s3 a ne* type o' reso(rce7sharing net*or43 connect sensors3 mobile phones3 an) other e)ge )e2ices *ith each other an) *ith *ire) gri)s- A) hoc )istrib(te) reso(rce sharing allo*s these )e2ices to o''er ne*

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reso(rces an) locations o' (se 'or gri) comp(ting- In some *ays3 *ireless gri)s resemble net*or4s alrea)y 'o(n) in connection *ith agric(lt(ral3 military3 transportation3 air75(ality3 en2ironmental3 health3 emergency3 an) sec(rity systemsA range o' instit(tions3 'rom the largest go2ernments to 2ery small enterprises3 *ill o*n an) at least partially control *ireless gri)s- To ma4e things still more comple6 'or researchers an) b(siness strategists3 (sers an) pro)(cers co(l) sometimes be one an) the same- %e2ices on the *ireless gri) *ill be not only mobile b(t noma)ic 7 shi'ting across instit(tional bo(n)ariesD(st as real7*orl) noma)s cross instit(tional bo(n)aries an) 're5(ently mo2e 'rom one location to another3 so )o *ireless )e2ices-

Fig+re B# "-na;ic and 3iAed <ireless grids#

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The 'ollo*ing classi'ication o''ers one *ay to classi'y *ireless gri) applicationsC Class &9 Applications aggregating in'ormation 'rom the range o' inp(tHo(tp(t inter'aces 'o(n) in noma)ic )e2icesC Class ). Applications le2eraging the locations an) conte6ts in *hich the )e2ices e6istC Class '. Applications le2eraging the mesh net*or4 capabilities o' gro(ps o' noma)ic )e2icesThe three classes o' *ireless gri) applications concept(aliBe) here are not m(t(ally e6cl(si2e- "n)erstan)ing more abo(t the shareable reso(rces3 the places o' (se3 an) o*nership an) control patterns *ithin *hich *ireless gri)s *ill operate might assist (s in 2is(aliBing these '(t(re patterns o' *ireless gri) (se-

The Gri)3 is a promising emerging technology that enables the simple Iconnect an) shareJ approach analogo(sly to the internet search engines that apply the Iconnect an) ac5(ire in'ormationJ concept- Th(s3 mobileH*ireless gri)s is an i)eal sol(tion 'or large scale applications *hich are the pith o' =G mobile comm(nication systems3 besi)es3 this gri)7base)7approach *ill potentially increase the per'ormance o' the in2ol2e) applications an) (tiliBation rate o' reso(rces by employing e''icient mechanisms 'or reso(rce management in the maGority o' its reso(rces3 that is3 by allo*ing the seamless integration o' reso(rces3 )ata3 ser2ices an) ontologyEs- !ig(re 1 places *ireless gri)s in conte6t3 ill(strating ho* they span the technical approaches an) iss(es o' $eb ser2ices3 gri) comp(ting3 1 systems3 mobile commerce3 a) hoc net*or4ing3 an) spectr(m management- Ho* sensor an) mesh

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net*or4s *ill (ltimately interact *ith so't*are ra)io an) other technologies to sol2e *ireless gri) problems re5(ires a great )eal o' '(rther research3 b(t !ig(re = at least capt(res many o' the main 'acets o' a *ireless gri)-

0EY CONCE5T OF 5G
S(ggeste) in research papers )isc(ssing 5G an) beyon) =G *ireless comm(nications are9 Real *ireless *orl) *ith no more limitation *ith access an) Bone iss(es $earable )e2ices *ith AI capabilities

Internet protocol 2ersion @ ,I 2@03 *here a 2isiting care7o' mobile I a))ress is assigne) accor)ing to location an) connecte) net*or4-

One (ni'ie) global stan)ar) er2asi2e net*or4s pro2i)ing (bi5(ito(s comp(ting9 The (ser can sim(ltaneo(sly be connecte) to se2eral *ireless access technologies an)

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seamlessly mo2e bet*een them ,See Me)ia in)epen)ent han)o2er or 2ertical han)o2er3 IEEE <:1-1&3 also e6pecte) to be pro2i)e) by '(t(re =G releases0- These access technologies can be a 1-5G3 8G3 =G or 5G mobile net*or4s3 $i7!i3 $ AN or any other '(t(re access technologyIn 5G3 the concept may be '(rther )e2elope) into m(ltiple conc(rrent )ata trans'er paths Cogniti2e ra)io technology3 also 4no*n as smart7ra)io9 allo*ing )i''erent ra)io technologies to share the same spectr(m e''iciently by a)apti2ely 'in)ing (n(se) spectr(m an) a)apting the transmission scheme to the re5(irements o' the technologies c(rrently sharing the spectr(m- This )ynamic ra)io reso(rce management is achie2e) in a )istrib(te) 'ashion3 an) relies on so't*are )e'ine) ra)io High altit()e stratospheric plat'orm station ,HA S0 systemsThe ra)io inter'ace o' 5G comm(nication systems is s(ggeste) in a .orean research an) )e2elopment program to be base) on beam )i2ision m(ltiple access ,+%MA0 an) gro(p cooperati2e relay techni5(es-

FEAT!RE OF 5G NET1OR0 TECHNOLOGY

5G technology o''er high resol(tion 'or craBy cell phone (ser an) bi7 )irectional large ban)*i)th shaping The a)2ance) billing inter'aces o' 5G technology ma4es it more attracti2e an) e''ecti2e 5G technology also pro2i)ing s(bscriber s(per2ision tools 'or 'ast action-

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The high 5(ality ser2ices o' 5G technology base) on olicy to a2oi) error 5G technology is pro2i)ing large broa)casting o' )ata in Gigabit *hich s(pporting almost @53::: connections 5G technology o''er transporter class gate*ay *ith (nparallele) consistency The tra''ic statistics by 5G technology ma4es it more acc(rate Thro(gh remote management o''ere) by 5G technology a (ser can get better an) 'ast sol(tion The remote )iagnostics also a great 'eat(re o' 5G technology The 5G technology is pro2i)ing (p to 15 Mbps connecti2ity spee) The 5G technology also s(pport 2irt(al pri2ate net*or4 The ne* 5G technology *ill ta4e all )eli2ery ser2ice o(t o' b(siness prospect The (ploa)ing an) )o*nloa)ing spee) o' 5G technology to(ching the pea4 The 5G technology net*or4 o''ering enhance) an) a2ailable connecti2ity G(st abo(t the *orl)

A ne* re7ol+tion o3 5G tec8nolog- is abo(t to begin beca(se 5G technology going to gi2e to(gh completion to normal comp(ter an) laptops *hose mar4etplace 2al(e *ill be e''ecte)There are lots o' impro2ements 'rom &G3 1G3 8G3 an) =G to 5G in the *orl) o' telecomm(nications- The ne* coming 5G technology is a2ailable in

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the mar4et in a''or)able rates3 high pea4 '(t(re an) m(ch reliability than its prece)ing technologies!eat(res that are getting embe))e) in s(ch a small piece o' electronics are h(ge- To)ay yo( *ill har)ly *itness a cell phone *itho(t an mp8 player *ith h(ge storage memory an) a camera- /o( can (se the cell phone as a $al4man- E2en e2ery latest set being la(nche) by the cell phone companies ha2e a mega pi6el camera in it3 *hich pro)(ces e6traor)inary )igital image G(st li4e a specialiBe) camera 'or photography- Here are some an e6amples abo(t mobile technology in o(r '(t(re3 A manEs phone )etects that it hasnEt mo2e) 'or more than 1 ho(rs )(ring the manEs reg(lar *a4ing ho(rs- It iss(es an a()ible alarm3 b(t no responseM So it emits a signal that triggers a R!I% chip implante) insi)e his bo)y- The R!I% chip respon)s by 2eri'ying the i)entity o' the man an) also a brie' b(rst o' telemetry that in)icates that he is e6periencing heart beat irreg(larities an) his bloo) press(re is )angero(sly lo*- The phone 5(ic4ly sen)s an a(tomate) te6t message to a me)ical alarm system3 incl()ing not only the i)entity an) the health )ata o' the o*ner b(t also the 'act that the man is not in his o*n apartment b(t in a rea)ing room o' a libraryThis is *hat I thin4 o' a I!i'th GenerationJ *orl)3 also sometimes re'erre) as the 5G *orl)- The ne6t logical step is to bring high7spee) broa)ban) to police cars an) other emergency 2ehicles3K state) +rian Corty3 Chie' Technology O''icer 'or 5G $ireless Comm(nications- K$e belie2e o(r sol(tion is capable o' bringing high7spee) connecti2ity to these 2ehicles at a relati2ely lo* cost-K K$eCre really ta4ing <:1-&&b technology to ne* heights an) ne* applications3K state) Derry %i63 resi)ent an) CEO o' 5G $irelessK$eCre in the 'iel) testing3 mapping an) )emonstrating spee)s (p*ar) o' & Mbps3 *hile tra2eling at 85 M H an) *e are in the process o' pro2ing that the

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2ehicle (nits *o(l) remain connecte) as they mo2e bet*een m(ltiple 5G Access oints 'or seamless roaming capabilities-K The Mobile $i7!i capability is an e6tension o' 5GCs recently anno(nce) $i7!i Hot None- $hereas local hot spot Konly reach an area o' 8:: 't- 'rom an access point3 5GCs enhance) pac4age pro2i)es co2erage o2er a mile a*ayA(gmente) by strategically place) Krepeaters3K it is possible to pro2i)e the entire 'leet o' police cars an) emergency 2ehicles total co2erage *ithin the A7 s5(are7mile city limits- The 5G technology has been able to penetrate both manma)e an) nat(ral obstacles *hile )eli2ering spee)s consistent *ith line7o'7sight locations- This enables the company to pro2i)e inno2ati2e *ireless sol(tions in response to increase) national sec(rity an) emergency management concernsHa2ing a *ireless in'rastr(ct(re is critical to o(r (blic Sa'ety

operationsF *e no* ha2e a reliable means o' pro2i)ing critical in'ormation as *ell as normal m(nicipal '(nctions in the e2ent o' an emergency- An) itCs grati'ying to 4no* *eCre )oing it at an a''or)able le2el at a time *hen *e are (n)er intense press(re to re)(ce costs )(e to the StateEs b()get crisis-K

5G $ireless Comm(nications3 Inc locate) in Marina )el Rey3 )esigns3 b(il)s3 operates3 mar4ets an) ser2ices *ireless broa)ban) systems- "tiliBing proprietary IEEE <:1-&&b enhancements 'or KLast MileK point7to7point an) point7to7m(lti7point net*or4s3 5G c(stomers recei2e )epen)able3 high7spee) Internet access *itho(t the (s(al installation )elays an) at signi'icantly lo*er costs than most maGor competitors-

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Certain statements in this ne*s release may contain 'or*ar)7loo4ing in'ormation *ithin the meaning o' R(le &A5 (n)er the Sec(rities Act o' &;88 an) R(le 8b7@ (n)er the Sec(rities E6change Act o' &;8=3 an) are s(bGect to the sa'e harbor create) by those r(les-

All statements3 other than statements o' 'act3 incl()e) in this release3 incl()ing3 *itho(t limitation3 statements regar)ing potential '(t(re plans an) obGecti2es o' the company3 are 'or*ar)7loo4ing statements that in2ol2e ris4s an) (ncertainties- There can be no ass(rance that s(ch statements *ill pro2e to be acc(rate an) act(al res(lts an) '(t(re e2ents co(l) )i''er materially 'rom those anticipate) in s(ch statements-

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CONCL! ION
There are some other proGects3 *hich are (n)erta4en ay 5G technologiesHere *e *ant to mention that 8G mobiles are *or4ing these )ays3 an) =G technologies are coming3 b(t in '(t(re *e are rea)y to 'ace 5G technologies an) some o' its 'eat(res *e ha2e presente) in this paper-

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REFERENCE
O&P $1::@O1P .- AretB3 M- Haar)t3 $- .onhQ(ser3 an) $- Mohr3 IThe '(t(re o' *ireless comm(nications Do(rnal o' beyon) Comp(ter the an) thir) generationJ3 International O8P Telecomm(nications $L(3 I%e'ining ChinaCs !o(rth Generation Mobile

comm(nicationsJ3 IT" Telecom $orl) 1::@3 Hong .ong3 %ec-

Net*or4ing ,Comp(ter Net*or4s03 >ol- 8A3 1::&3 pp- <87;1T- Ots(3 IThe Challenge o' Systems beyon) IMT71:::Rapproach 'rom *irelessJ3 International Telecomm(nications "nion Do(rnal3 >ol- 883 No- 83 1::83 pp- 1@78:O=P D- Go2il3 an) D- Go2il3 On the In2estigation o' Transactional an) Interoperability Iss(es bet*een I 2= an) I 2@3 IEEE EIT 1::AO5P %e2elopment o' 8G mobile ser2ices3 OEC% Report3 Sept- 1::=O@P T+Naharia)is3 IMigration to*ar)s =G *ireless comm(nications3J IEEE $ireless Comm(nications3 >ol- &&3 No- 83 1::=3 pp- @7AOAP D- $ang3 ?- Shan3 ? an) /- Ren3 IA Ne* Approach 'or E2al(ating Clipping %istortion in %S7C%MA SystemsJ- IEICE Transactions on Comm(nications- >ol- E<<7+3 No- 13 1::5 pp- A;17A;@ May

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