RESIDUAL STRESSES DURING HEAT TREATMENT

Aria Ravantab & Yaz Azizolu SE2135 Fatigue, Reliability and Design

PROBLEM DESCRIPTION

RESULTS FROM ORIGINAL GEOMETRY

Fig 1 The beam with the cross-section.

This project investigates how principal stresses and temperature diffusion vary in a crosssection of a low carbon steel block during a heat treatment from 0-900 C during 1200 seconds (see Fig. 1) of roughly 4 x 5 decimeters. Several thermal transient FE-models with either altered geometry or with thermal insulating coatings are modeled in order to investigate: - Maximum principal stresses over time - Where cracks and their directions might occur - Guideposts for design of geometry and application of coating The actual hardening is modeled as the thermal strains that arise when applying a direct temperature increase on the edge nodes on the boundaries of the geometry; thus the hardening in the model acts as a thermal strain.

Fig. 2 Max. first principal stress vs. time Fig. 2b Temperature distribution after 111 sec.

The maximum principal stress is plotted against each time step (Fig 2a).

CRACK RISK AND ORIENTATION

A time point where the original geometry reaches peak value for maximum principal stress is chosen. The directions of first principal stress are exposed (as white arrows in Fig 2b-2c) and crack growth is assumed to grow perpendicular to it (as illustrated with red arrows).

A B A

Fig. 3 Principal stresses, deformation scaled with factor 12. Red to yellow contours are tensile stresses, the remainder; compressive. Fig. 2b, c. First principle stress vectors. Possible directions for crack growth

CONCLUSION
The conclusions found were such as following: The manipulation of the geometries concluded that only the inner groove D1 affected the principal stress distribution. Risk of cracks might occur as in Fig. 3b and c, near edges and in grooves. The coating significantly lowers first principal stress levels. Coating type 2 (see Fig. 5) decreased stress levels more effectively between 180-800 seconds, but dont affect the interval 0-160 seconds as Coat type 1. Coat type 1 is effective between 0-800 seconds.

RESULTS FROM ALTERNATIVE GEOMETRIES & COATING

The geometric changes are in respect to the inner and outer groove in order to investigate the impact on the maximum first principal stresses. Furthermore, based on the analysis of the original geometry, a heat insulating coating is modeled and applied on edges were high principal stresses occur.

Fig. 4 Max. first principal stress vs. time for two geometries . Red to yellow contours are tensile stresses, the remainder; compressive.

Use the QR-code to reveal an animation of the First Principal Stress of the original geometry during the heat treatment.

Coat type 1

Coat type 2

Fig. 5 Max. first principal stress vs. time for two coated geometries and one uncoated.

ravantab@kth.se and yagiz@kth.se