Microsoft Windows By BALJEET SINGH SINWAR/1

Microsoft Windows
Windows belongs to the category of software called a GUI (Graphical User Interface). The user interface determines how you interact with your computer. The hardware part of the interface consists of your screen monitor, the keyboard and the mouse. The software part of the interface determines what things look like on the screen and how you gi e commands to your therefore was !uite cumbersome. With the ad ent o Windows en ironment many of e ery day computer tasks " such as running programs, opening files, choosing commands etc. are done using a graphical approach that is ery intuiti e to new users o computers. #urther, Windows programs use the same command structure and graphical items on the screen, so if ha e mastered one Windows program, learning others becomes ery easy. $t the primary stage Windows was de eloped as a %perating &n ironment' a add on (%) when it had ersion *.+ or *.++. ,ut later it de eloped as a %perating )ystem. Windows-./, .0 or later ersions of Windows is self %perating )ystem. When we switch on our 12, Windows ./ or .0-s logo appears on the screen and after some time it become ready to accept our instruction. Windows .0 offers three iews and you can work in any of these three iews. These are 3" 1. Classic View " This is default iew in which to select an icon or file, you ha e to click the ob4ect once and to run a program or open a file you ha e to double"click the icon or filename. 2. Web Style View " This iew is looks like a web page. To select an icon or a file you ha e to position the mouse pointer on the ob4ect. To run a program or open a file, you ha e to click the icon or file name once. 3. Custom View " This iew gi es you the fle5ibility to control the appearance as per your con enience and the ease of working. WINDOWS !"MINO#O$% C&oose 3 &5ecutes a command. Select 3 )elects an item to acti ate it so that it can be changed. )electing a command or option turns it on but does not complete it. )elected Te5t or menu names6items appear in re erse type or a different colour. )elected options show a dot (.) or an (5). $lso the selected graphics appear enclosed by a dashed line or enclosed in bo5es known as handles. 'oint 3 7o e the mouse so that the arrow pointer is on the desired menu name, command name or graphic ob4ect. 'ointer 3 1ointer is the on"screen symbol controlled by the mouse. The pointer changes shape to indicate the current status and the type of functions and selections a ailable. I(beam 3 When the mouse pointer is in a te5t area that you can edit, the pointer appears as a ertical I"beam. Mouse )uttons 3 7icrosoft mouse has two buttons and other makes may ha e three. 2licking the left button completes an action and clicking the right most button brings up the shortcut menu. )ometimes third button (if a ailable) works as double"click of left button. Mouse and t&eir *ctions The mouse is a ery con enient hand"held pointing de ice which is used to control the position of the on"screen pointer. $s you mo e the mouse on your desk or mouse pad, the pointer mo es on the screen corresponding to the mouse mo ement. Using the mouse, you can select menus, commands, te5t, graphic ob4ects or windows. The 7ain actions of mouse are as follows 3" Clic+ " 1ress and release the left mouse button !uickly as you point to an item. 2licking is used to reposition the insertion point in te5t, select a menu, choose a command from a menu, or select an option from a dialog bo5. Double(clic+ " $s you point to the pointed item on the screen, press and release the left mouse button twice !uickly. ,y double"clicking an icon or file name, you can open an application or window related to that icon or filename. "i,&t clic+ " 1osition the tip of the mouse pointer in the desired location on a document or toolbar and then click the right mouse button. Dra,,in, " (ragging is mo ing ob4ects on the monitor-s screen. To do so first position the mouse pointer on the ob4ect. 8e5t, you 91ick up9 the ob4ect by pressing and holding

Microsoft Windows By BALJEET SINGH SINWAR/2

down the left mouse button. While you are still holding down the mouse button, mo e the mouse pointer to where you want to 9(rop9 the ob4ect, and then release the moue button.

Microsoft Windows By BALJEET SINGH SINWAR/3

!#!M!N S O- WINDOWS SC"!!N The opening screen of Windows ./6.0 has following elements3 " 1. &e Des+to. " The (esktop is your work area while working in Windows. It is called (esktop because Windows uses your whole screen in a way that is similar to the way you use the top of a desk. 2. Icons and t&eir ty.es " $n icon is a graphic ob4ect that represents something on our computer screen. It has three types as follows 3" System Icon " )ystem icons are displayed along left edge of the screen. These ob4ects are created automatically by Windows .0 during its installation. $mong them following fi e are generally shows 3" My Computer This icon lets you browse through the resources connected to your computer. My Documents This icon represents a folder that is used by many programs as a default location for starting the documents. Internet Explorer This icon starts a Web ,rowser named Internet &5plorer. Network Neighborhood This icon shows the names of each ser er or computer in your own work group. Recycle Bin This icon pro ides temporary storage for files and folders that you delete. Shortcut Icons " $ shortcut pro ides easy access to some ob4ects on your system, such as program, a document or a printer etc. The shortcut icon only contains information about the location o the ob4ect but not the ob4ect itself. Thus deleting a shortcut does not delete the program from the hard disk for that shortcut. These are the icons with small arrows in the lower left corner. Progr m! "older nd Document Icons " These are non"system icon without arrows and represent the actual ob4ects they describe. Thus if you delete such an icon you are deleting the ob4ect itself, from the hard disk. 3. &e as+bar " It situated at the bottom of the screen and it has generally following four parts 3" St rt Buttons " It is located at the left end of the taskbar. It in okes )tart menu, the Gateway of Windows. #oolb rs " Toolbars represent a set of related icons for easy mouse access. # sk Buttons " Task buttons are displayed in the 2entre portion of the Taskbar. $ button $ppears for each program you ha e started or each document you ha e %pened. Noti$ic tion %re " The right corner of the Taskbar has the notification area in which Windows pro ides information about the status of your system including 2lock. y.es of Windows There are three types of Windows 3" 1. *..lication Window / It contains e5ecuting Windows programs, and are si:ed, mo ed, opened and closed on the desktop. 2. Document Window/ an application window generates (ocument windows. $ document window cannot be si:ed or mo ed outside the confines of its parent application window. 3. -older Windows / %pening 7y computer, or any of the folder you mo e to the desktop produces a folder window. !lements of a Window )orders " The four edges that define the perimeter of a window are called borders. ,orders also pro ide a way to change the si:e of the window.

Microsoft Windows By BALJEET SINGH SINWAR/4

itle )ar " This bar shows the name of the open application, sometimes with open document name. It has generally three more buttons at the right side of it, i.e. a0 Minimi1e )utton " When we click on it, the application become minimi:e, i.e. a button appears in the taskbar and the screen become blank, or another window appears in front. b0 Ma2imi1e )utton " $fter clicking on it the window spreads full of the screen. $fter ma5imi:ing the window, the ma5imi:e button con erts into ;estore button. When we click on it, the window comes back to its original si:e. c0 Close )utton " If we click on it, the window, either application or document, will be close. Control )o2 " It is a small icon located on the left side of the Title ,ar. When we click on it, 2ontrol 7enu appears with so many options. Scroll )ars3 Scroll )o2es and Scroll )uttons " If a window is not long enough to display its contents completely, ertical scroll bar appears along the right edge. If the window is not wide enough, a hori:ontal scroll bars appears along the bottom of the window. )croll ,ars ha e some rectangular bo5es called )croll ,o5. )i:e of )croll bo5 is become proportional of the si:e of the whole file and displayed content on the screen. )croll buttons appear along the top and bottom edges of the ertical scroll bar and along the left and right edges of the hori:ontal scroll bar. &e Menu )ar " The row of words 4ust below the Title bar constitute the 7enu bar. &ach word in the 7enu bar represents a menu, which opens up when you click it. Generally it comes with an application window, not with a document window. oolbar " It consists generally below of the 7enu bar. $ toolbar has so many small buttons who represents a command. Wor+ *rea " This is working area of the application. (epend upon the program it may be a drawing area, a typing area etc. S *" When we click on this button we get following options 3" S&ut Down This option is used to turn off the computer smoothly. While we work in Windows-.5 or later, Windows automatically opens so many temporary files in background. If it will mot turn off through this option, then it is possible that some error may be appear in <arddisk. <ere we get three options generally " S&ut Down to turn off the computer, "estart to warm boot and "estart in MS( DOS mode to start the system in (%) mode, so we can work further in (%) en ironment. "un This option is used to run any program by simply typing its command line. We can also search 1rogram through ,rowse button. 4el. This option pro ides help about Windows. -ind This option is used to find any file or folder among different disks on our computer or on network. We can search any file or folder by its name, te5t containing by it, its si:e etc. Settin,s This options is used to configure the hardware of the computer system, taskbar etc. &e Control 'anel " )elect it from )tart"=)ettings"=2ontrol 1anel. This option is used to configure the system. <ere we get lot of icons. #rom them someone are 3" *ccessibility O.tions " The $ccessibility 1roperties dialog bo5 lets you configure Windows keyboard, sound, display, and mouse and other options for people with disabilities. This icon appears only if you installed $ccessibility options when you installed Windows. *dd New 4ardware ( This Wi:ard configures Windows when you add new hardware to your computer system.

Microsoft Windows By BALJEET SINGH SINWAR/

*dd5"emo6e 'ro,rams ( This 1rogram-s dialog bo5 helps us to install new programs or uninstall programs, which was already installed and no longer use. Date 7 ime " This option pro ides two tabs " #irst one is (ate > Time and second is Time ?one. (ate > Time option is used to change the current date and time, and Time :one is used to select the place from world map from where user work. Dis.lay " The display 1roperties dialog bo5 controls the appearance, resolution, screen sa er and other settings for your display monitor. +. )ac+,round " Used to set the wallpaper and patterns. @. Screensa6er " Used to set the screen sa er. )creen sa er is a memory resident program who automatically becomes acti e if we will not touch the keyboard or mouse for some time. We can also change this time from here. *. *..earance " This option is used to set the color of acti e title, inacti e title, menu, window etc. A. Settin, " This option is used to configure the hardware of the system. /. !ffects " This option is used to apply e5tra effects on icons, menus etc. B. Web " This option is used to set the (esktop settings, i.e. whether the desktop will be shown as web page or normal. -onts " When we click on it, a window will appear in which we can see name of all the fonts installed in our computer. We can see detail of any font by simply double"clicking on it. To install more fonts 2hoose $dd 8ew #onts options from #ile 7enu. Then gi e the path for fonts name. Windows will automatically install it. $ame Controllers " This dialog bo5 lets you install games. Internet " This dialog bo5 contains settings for your web browser and Internet connection. 8eyboard " This dialog bo5 contains settings that control your keyboard and the cursor. Mouse " This dialog bo5 lets you define the buttons on your mouse. It lets you choose how fast you need to double click, what your mouse pointer looks like on"screen, and whether mo ing the mouse lea es a trial. Multimedia " This dialog bo5 contains settings for the audio, audio 2( settings of your computer. ideo, 7I(I, and

Networ+ " The network dialog bo5 contains settings, you use when configuring a local area network. It also contains settings for connecting to the Internet. 'asswords " This dialog bo5 lets you set a password for using Windows on your computer, user profiles if more than one person will use the computer, and other security settings. 'ower Mana,ement " This dialog bo5 contains controls to be set when Windows .0 automatically turns off your monitor, hard disks, and other computer components to sa e electricity. 'rinter ( This icon is used to open the 1rinter window from where we can $dd, ;emo e or configure the printer.

Microsoft Windows By BALJEET SINGH SINWAR/!

"e,ional Settin,s " It lets you tell Windows .0 the time :one, currency, number format, and date format you prefer to use. Sounds " It lets you assign a sound to each Windows e ent, or e ents in other programs. #or e5ample, you can set your computer to play a fanfare when your e"mail program recei es new messages. System " It lets you use the (e ice manager to change ad anced settings for each hardware component of your computer. Cou can also optimi:e the performance of your computer. ele.&ony " The (ialing 1roperties dialog bo5 contains settings that control how Windows .0 dials the phone using your modem. 9sers " The &nable 7ulti"user )ettings Wi:ard helps you set up user names and passwords so your computer can be used by more than one person. &ach person-s user name can store that person-s desktop settings. 'rinter( this option is used to open the 1rinter window from where we can $dd, ;emo e or configure the printer. as+bar 7 Startmenu ( This option is used to set the taskbar options, i.e. autohide, show clock, small icons in windows and also items which will be included or e5cluded in )tart 7enu or its )ub"menus. -older O.tions ( This options is used to set the options about folders, i.e. which types of filenames should be shown in different folder window or in e5plorer. *cti6e Des+to. ( This option is used to set the (esktop settings, i.e. whether the desktop will be shown as web page or normal. Documents 'ro,rams This option contains last used document-s list, so user can open it again !uickly from here. This is the gateway to start any program in windows. There is lot of group or application icons can access through this option.

Windows *ccessories3 We can choose )tart "= 1rograms "= $ccessories to work on elements of accessories. 1. !ntertainment/ We can choose $ccessories"=Intertainmentto entertain oursel es. #rom the 7ultimedia we can hear song by 2( 1layer or see mo ies through 7edia 1layer. The coming screen will show same button to do it as its physical de ice, i.e. 2( player or a D2( player. $ames/ When we slide our mouse at $ccessories"=Games then we get four games, i.e. )olitaire, 7ine" sweeper, <eart and #ree"cell. System ools/ There are two types of system tools " a0 Scandis+ " Used to check and repair the error of the disks. b0 Dis+ Defra,menter " This option is used to defrag the disk. (efrag reorgani:es the files on a disk to optimi:e disk performance. (ue to it the speed of the programs increase. c0 )ac+u. ( This option is used to take backup of selected file to destination dri e. We can also restore files trough ;&)T%;& tab.

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Microsoft Windows By BALJEET SINGH SINWAR/"

d0 Dis+ Cleanu. " Through this utility we can instruct Windows to automatically clears not re!uired files from our <arddisk, i.e. files of ;ecycle ,in, Temp (irectory-s file, temporary internet files etc. e0 C&aracter Ma./ This program allows us to see the $)2II chart of a selected font. This is ery useful while we will work on a font, other than &nglish or a )ymbol font. f0 Com.ression *,ent " This utility recompresses your files on disk. ,0 Dri6e Con6erter :-* 320 " 2on erts the (#$T) file $llocation table of our <arddisk to *@ bit, it is +B bit and thus releases e5tra disk space. &0 Dri6e S.ace3 " 2ompresses and creates a new dri e resident on e5isting dri e. i0 Maintenance Wi1ard " ;uns certain set of programs to keep our computer running in optimum condition. It runs generally )candisk, defrag and 2ompression program. ;0 Sc&eduled as+s " $llows scheduling of tasks at predetermined times, i.e. when the Windows should run scandisk, defrag etc. automatically " weekly, monthly or any other schedule. +0 System Information " (isplays information about what is loaded and configured on your system. <. Calculator / When we click on it, a calculator will be open where we can do any type of sum. The Standard Calculator can be used to add, subtract, multiply, di ide, take s!uare root, calculate percentage etc. The Scientific Calculator is considerably larger, more powerful and it has many functions related to engineering, science etc. that can be used depending on our needs. E " $ddition " " )ubtraction F " 7ultiplication 6 " (i ision =( Calendar/ This option shows the calendar of a month or a particular day. We can also change the month or year to see their calendar through choosing the (ate option from )how 7enu. User can also write their appointment within it when they are in (ay Diew (Diew"(ay). We can also set alarm through the option $larm")et. Cardfile/ Cou can use Windows 2ardfile to organi:e and manage information, such as names, addresses, and phone numbers. *ddin, More Cards 2ardfile adds new cards in the correct alphabetic order and scrolls to display the new card at the front. To add a new card to a file + #rom the 2ard menu, choose $dd. @ Type the te5t you want to appear on the inde5 line. * 2hoose the %G button. A In the information area type te5t. To (elete the card select 2ard"(elete and to make a little changes in a card choose 2ard"(uplicate option. We can also $uto(ial if our system is connected with phone with modem through 2ard"$uto(ial. Ima,in,/ )canners, (igital 2ameras, 2lip $rt 2(s and the Internet gi e computer users access to countless images, Which you can print, insert into your documents. The impact of a picture can be impro ed by the addition of a few words, some highlighting and drawing lines. Imaging for Windows is a tool for this. Note.ad/ This program allows us to simply type anything in the te5t mode as in &dit. #ile " 8ew, %pen, )a e, )a e as, 1age )etup, and print and &5it. &dit " Undo, 2ut, 2opy, 1aste, (elete, )elect $ll, Time6(ate, Word Wrap. )earch " #ind, #ind 8e5t (#*)

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Microsoft Windows By BALJEET SINGH SINWAR/#

$ ery useful feature of 8otepad is that it can automatically place a time" and"date stamp in a document as and when it is opened. To do so mo e the insertion points to the left margin of the first line in the 8otepad and in capital letter type 9.H%G9. )a e the file and reopen the file and type the re!uired notes. )a e and close it again and once again reopen it. We can see that how many times we reopen this file, we get automatic time and date at the bottom of the earlier notes. A. Word.ad/ This is a )imple editor used to create, edit or print a document. It is more powerful than 8otepad and support format of Word B.I, Write as well as Te5t format. #ile " 8ew, %pen, )a e, )a e as, 1age )etup, 1rint, 1rint 1re iew &dit " Undo, 2ut, 2opy, 1aste, 1aste )pecial, 2lear, )elect $ll, #ind, #ind 8e5t, ;eplace, Hinks, %b4ect 1roperties, and %b4ect. Diew " Toolbar, #ormat ,ar, ;uler, )tatus ,ar, %ptions")hows options to 2onfigure the Wordpad i.e. options about measurement system and name of items appear during different mode. Insert " (ate and Time, %b4ect #ormat " #ont, ,ullet )tyle, 1aragraph, and Tab. Cou can mo e in Word1ad document using the mouse or the keyboard. )ome of them are following3 " With 2ursor Gey " 7o e one line up, down or one 2haracter left or right. With 2T;H E 2ursor Gey " 7o e beg. %f paragraph, end of paragraph, one word left or right. With 1gdn61gup " (own one windowful6Up one windowful With 2T;H E 1gdn61gup " To the &nd6,eginning of the last6first line the current window. With <ome6&nd " #irst6Hast character in the current line. With 2T;H E <ome6&nd " ,eginning6&nd of the document. With 7ouse " 2lick and (rag in the direction want to select. 2lick in left margin" )elect a single line (ouble click in Heft margin " )elect a paragraph Triple 2lick in left margin or 2T;HE click in left margin " )elect whole document. 1B. 'aint/ This is a simple (rawing program, used to create, sa e, modify and print a graphics image. This program is useful for creating pictures, icons etc. When we select this program from $ccessories, than an $pplication Window come. The 1aint screen can be di ided into three parts3 " a) oolbo2/ ( It contains symbols representing drawing actions the cursor can perform. b) 'alette3 " It contains a grid showing the arious colors you can select and use. c) Drawin, *rea3 " This is the workspace where you create your 1aint drawings. oolbo2/ There are following types of tools at the toolbo53 a) #reeform )elect b) )elect c) &raser e) 1ick 2olour f) 7agnifier g) 1encil i) $ir ,rush 4) Te5t k) Hine m) ;ectangle n) 1olygon o) &llipse

d) #ill with color h) ,rush l) 2ur e p) ;ounded ;ectangle

Commands of Menus (/ -ile " 8ew, %pen, )a e, )a e $s, 1rint 1re iew, 1age )etup, 1rint, )et as Wallpaper (Tiled), )et as Wallpaper (2entre). !dit " Undo, ;epeat, 2ut, 2opy, 1aste, 2lear )election, )elect $ll, 2opy To, 1aste #rom. View " Toolbo5, 2olor ,o5, )tatus ,ar, ?oom, Diew ,itmap, Te5t Toolbar.

Microsoft Windows By BALJEET SINGH SINWAR/$

Ima,e " #lip6;otate, )tretch6)kew, In ert 2olours, $ttributes, 2lear Image, (raw %pa!ue Windows !2.lorer )tart "= 1rograms "= Windows &5plorer or ;ight click on )tart and choose &5plore from coming menu. It is a nice place to see all files and folders in tree format. Windows &5plorer has two panes. Heft pane shows the directory and right pane shows the content of selected directory. In left pane we can see that the (esktop is the top of the hierarchy with 7y computer and all its pieces connected to it. We will see that 8etwork 8eighbored is also connected with desktop. 7y computer has different dri e icons including control panel and printer. We can easily mo e, delete' copy any file or folder from here. C. Describe w&at is Classic Style Des+to. in WindowsDA@. W&y would you need to ado.t Web Style Des+to.E $ns. 2lassic )tyle (esktop is the default iew and as same as interface of Windows-./. In the 2lassic Diew labels, filenames in folder window or windows &5plorer windows are not underlined. To select an icon or file, we ha e to click the ob4ect once and to run a program or open a file we ha e to double"click the icon or filename. In Web )tyle Diew, desktop looks similar to a web page' the labels, file names in folders and Windows &5plorer are underlined like web page links. To select an icon or a file we ha e to position the mouse pointer on the ob4ect. To run a program or open a file, we ha e to click the icon or file name once. )ometimes when we want to make a web page as our wallpaper then this iew is compulsory. C. W&at is a C&annel )ar in WindowsDA@. $ns. 7ethod of organi:ing a web sites according to a subscription model, so that our web browser can automatically download or updates to the site. Window displayed 2hannel bar at the left side of the screen on the $cti e (esktop that lists channels on the web and automatically appear when mouse pointer goes to that area. When the pointer comes to right side it hides automatically. C. &ow will you mana,e files and folders wit& Windows !2.lorerE $ns. Windows &5plorer is generally di ided into two panes " Heft and right. Heft pane shows the directory and right pane shows the content of selected directory. In left pane we can see that the (esktop is the top of the hierarchy with 7y computer and all its pieces connected to it. We will see that 8etwork 8eighbored is also connected with desktop. 7y computer has different dri e icons including control panel and printer. We can easily mo e, delete, copy any file or folder from here. #our basic operations with files and folders are 3 10 Selectin, " Through the general selection techni!ue with )hift Gey with cursor mo ement keys or dragging the mouse we can select files or folders in Windows &5plorer. $fter selecting it we can copy or cut6paste (mo e) the files or folders. 20 Creatin, " To create a new file or folder click on the desired directory, select 8ew option from #ile menu and then select either #older, )hortcut or the 1rogram name through which we want to create the file. We ha e to gi e the name of the file or folder and the file will be created in that selected folder. 30 Namin, " To gi e an another name (called renaming) to a file or folder click on its icon and then select ;ename option from #ile menu. Gi e the new name for that file and the file will be renamed. <0 O.enin, " To open or e5plore a folder simply double click on it and it will be e5tracted into right pane of &5plorer. To %pen a file double click on its icon. The file will be open with its associated application. C. 4ow is *..lication launc&ed in WindowsDA@. $ns. There are many ways to launch an application in Windows-.0. %ne common method is &5ploring )tart ,utton from Taskbar. We ha e to click on )tart, then

Microsoft Windows By BALJEET SINGH SINWAR/1%

generally on 1rograms, then re!uired 1rogram Group and then the re!uired application icon. )econd method is that when we are in Windows &5plorer we can open an application 1rogramme through double clicking on its icon. %ne another method is double click on that file-s shortcut either on desktop (if found) or from any folder window. )ometimes we can also launch a program Through ;un option of )tart menu. We ha e to type the e5ecutable file name of the application program with its location. 4ow will you setu. DOS 'ro,rams in WindowsDA@E 7a5imum (%) program has been con erted into Windows ersion in Windows-.0. They can start either from Windows &5plorer or from folder window. $t many places method of using them are something different due to GUI feature of Windows. ,ut we can also run 7a5imum of them in their real format from command prompt which can be brought from )tart "= 1rograms "= 7)"(%) 1;%71T. W&at do you mean by term 'lu, and 'layE 4ow do t&ese de6ices wor+E 1lug and 1lay means without turning off the computer system connect some de ices to our computer and computer automatically detects these de ice and install it on itself. This is an automatic feature of Windows-.5. When we add any new hardware supporting 1lug and 1lay to our system, Windows-.5 automatically search it and start a wi:ard to install it. (uring this installation process it asks about re!uired de ice dri ers and other information from user. ,ecause of helpful wi:ard of 1lug and 1lay a some"known user can also install these de ices easily without help of any e5pert. Describe w&at are News,rou.s. 4ow will you browse a News,rou.E *lso describe ste.s to subscribe to News,rou.s. 8ewsgroups are those portal who pro ides different types of Internet facilities to their users, such as e"mail, chatting, conferencing etc. The 7icrosoft 8etwork (7)8) is the e5citing online ser ice that gi es you easy and affordable access to electronic information and communication. 7)8 features include reliable electronic mail' useful and fun communication ser ices such as chat, Internet newsgroups, and special interest forums' a wide ariety of original entertainment' aluable information resources' and instant access to the e er"e5panding World Wide Web. To subscribe to any 8ewsgroup first of all we ha e to register oursel es to that newsgroup. Generally this subscription is gi en free of cost but some portal also ask some fee for this purpose. In any case we ha e to choose any username and a password. If no one had been got that username then it will be pro ided to you. $fter it we ha e to login through our username and password and then we can a ail the facilities pro ided through that newsgroup. W&at is *cti6e Des+to.E The $cti e (esktop interface lets you put Jacti e contentK from Web pages, or a channel, on your desktop. #or e5ample, you could put a constantly updating stock ticker in a handy place on your desktop or make your fa orite online newspaper into your desktop wallpaper. Cou can make your desktop truly your own space by adding the acti e items you need to refer to on a regular basis3 news, weather, sports, stock prices, or whate er you want to ha e at hand. Cour desktop can now reflect youLyour preferences and your style. Note / Cou must ha e the new desktop installed in order to use the $cti e (esktop. If you are running Windows ./ or Windows 8T A.I and did not originally install the new desktop. W&at is Wi1ards in Windows A@. Wi:ards include instructions for each step, telling you what information you must pro ide, and making suggestions regarding what choices to make. Windows .0 includes many Wi:ards programs that take you step by step through the process of creating or configuring something. #or e5ample the Internet 2onnection Wi:ard leads you through the many steps re!uired to set up a (ial"Up networking connection to an Internet )er ice 1ro ider. 7ost Wi:ards display window after window of information and !uestions, with ,ack, 8e5t and 2ancel buttons at the bottom of each window. #ill out the information re!uested by the Wi:ard, and then click the 8e5t button to continue. I you need to return to a pre ious Wi:ard window, click the ,ack button. To e5it the

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Microsoft Windows By BALJEET SINGH SINWAR/11

Wi:ard, click the 2ancel button. The Wi:ard-s last screen usually displays a #inish button, since there is no 9ne5t9 screen to see. C. W&at is S.oolin, in 'Cs. $ns. With personal computers, spooling ()imultaneous 1eripheral %perations %n Hine) refers to printing a document or file in the background while allowing the user to work on something else. The output from the computer to a low"speed de ice, such as a printer, is stored on a disk and then fed to the printer. Windows pro ide the facility of printing using the spooling techni!ue for the I,7 126$T A0B system or 1entium. C. W&at is user interfaceE W&at are s.ecial features of $9IE $ns. $ user interface is a combination of menus, screen design, keyboard commands and language, which together creates the way a user interacts with a computer. <ardware, such as a mouse and touch screen is also parts of it. The user interface is probably the most important aspect to the success of a software packages. Windows is an operating system that uses a Graphical user Interface, or GUI. It is said to be GUI in Windows, you work more with graphics, form icons rather then typing te5t. The GUI makes the en ironment and its program user" friendly. ;ather then remembering cryptic commands and their parameters, called switches. This is so because you remember things with pictures much easily. In order for the GUI to be effecti e, it must be standardi:ed. This means that all similar controls and forms should look alike and operate in much the same fashion. #or e5ample, the menu is always the left most menu and the help menu is always the right most. C. !2.lain O#!E $ns. %H& is the acronym for %b4ect Hinking and &mbedding. This feature is used to share and transfer information between Window" based application and accessories. With %H&, one can iew and use different forms of information in a single document. 7ost of the Windows" based application support %H&. The three important concepts related to %H& are3 (a) Ob;ect M $n ob4ect is a place of information such as a chart, a drawing, or te5t that can be linked or embedded. (b) Source document M $ source document is the document in which the ob4ect originates. If you use 7icrosoft &5cel to create a spreadsheet and then use that spreadsheet or part of it in another document, the spreadsheet becomes the source document. #or this source application &5cel becomes the ser er application. (c) Destination document M $ destination document is the document into which the ob4ect is placed. )ay If a part of the spreadsheet is used in a Word document then the Word document is the destination document and the destination application Word in this case is called the client application. 8ow the ob4ect can be of two types 3 (a) !mbedded ob;ect M $n embedded ob4ect is an ob4ect in a destination document. It is a copy of information that was created in another application. ,y choosing an embedded ob4ect, you can start the application, which was used to create it. $t the same time, you would continue to work in the document you are presently working. &5ample 3 )uppose you are creating a letter using Wordpad and you use a drawing from the 1aint file. If the ob4ect is embedded than to make changes to the drawing you need not start 1aint and then make changes to the drawing M the drawing can be edited within the Wordpad document itself by double clicking at the drawing. %n double"clicking 1aint automatically starts and the drawing file opens. (b) #in+ed Ob;ects M When a linked ob4ect is created, a link is established between source and destination documents. $lthough the linked ob4ect is displayed in the destination document the data that makes the ob4ect is stored only in the source document. When changes are made they are made in the source document. 7oreo er, the changes made in the source document appear in the destination document. %ne ob4ect can be linked to

Microsoft Windows By BALJEET SINGH SINWAR/12

more than one"destination documents. When a linked ob4ect is selected, the application that was used to create the ob4ect starts while you remain in the destination document. !2am.le 3 )uppose you are writing a chapter of a book using Word for Windows. )omeone else is creating the artwork for your chapter using 1aint. Cou can create a link from the 1aint artwork to your word document so that anytime there are changes to the artwork, they are automatically reflected into your Word document. W&at is cli.board and &ow is it useful in WINDOWS based a..licationsE The clipboard is a built in utility program that aids the process off copying information between different documents of the source application or between documents of different application. Using clipboard, user can make a portion of te5t or graphics in one application window and then use it in another application window. The clipboard works with both te5t and graphics in Windows programs and only with te5t in the case of (%) based programs. 2lipboard is a temporary main memory area onto which can J2lipK the data re!uired to be transferred. To transfer information to the clipboard you cut or copy the information from the acti e window. When the information needs to be placed in an application you can past, link on embeds the information. The information transferred to the clipboard stays in the clipboard till it is deleted, replaced or the user e5its from Windows. The cut, copy and paste approach is used while transferring information to another document using the clipboard. Cuttin, M In ol es remo ing the information form its source location and putting it on the clipboard. When the information is cut, it is deleted from its source windows. Co.yin, MWhen the information is copied, the original is left intact and a duplicate copy of the original is placed on the clipboard. 'astin, M Is the process o pasting whate er is on the clipboard into the destination document. Windows based application is generally written in coordination with other Windows based application. This is ery different from the way of (%) based applications work where each application has its different file formats and file con ersions that ware re!uired to transfer data form one application to another. With windows coming in integrated documents can be prepared where say graphics are taken from paintbrush document, charts from &5cel documents and te5t from Word document. It is here that clipboard comes in to play. The information from one application is first transferred to the clipboard and thus forms the clipboard to the destination document. Differentiate between C9I and $9I E #ist t&e ad6anta,es of usin, $9I. The 2UI is an acronym for 2haracter Using Interface or 2haracter User Interface. It is a type of display format used with most of the (%) based application packages that enables a user to choose commands and see list of files and other option by pointing to drop down menus using mouse or keyboard keys. The familiar e5ample is the 2UI used with #o51ro package for (%). GUI (pronounced JgooeyK) is an acronym for Graphical User Interface. It is a type of display format that enables the user to choose commands start programs, and see list of files and other options by pointing to pictorial representations (icons) and lists of menu items on the screen. 2hoices can generally be acti ate either with the keyboard or with a mouse. GUI offers an en ironment of what you see what you get. #or application de elopers, GUI offers an en ironment that takes care of the direct interaction with the computer. This frees the de eloper to concentrate on the application without getting bogged down in the details of screen display or mouse and keyboard input. $s the interface changes to support new input an output de ices, such as a large"screen monitor or an optical storage de ice, the applications can also, without modification, use those de ices.

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Microsoft Windows By BALJEET SINGH SINWAR/13

C. 4ow do you c&an,e t&e settin,s of t&e mouse in WINDOWSE Is it .ossible to swa. t&e ri,&t and left buttons of t&e mouseE $ns. To customi:e the mouse settings do the following3 +. 2lick )tart @. )elect )ettings *. %pen 2ontrol 1anel by double clicking its icons. A. #rom the 2ontrol 1anel double click the mouse icon. The mouse property bo5 that appears offers the following customi:ation features. (a) )utton M This changes the function of the left and the right button. (b) 'ointers M 2reates a shadow of the mouse pointerNs mo ement on the screen. (c) Motions M The speed at which the mouse pointer mo es relati e physical to the mo ement of the mouse. (d) $eneral M )elect the type of mouse used. C. W&at is a com.ound document and e2.lain &ow it can be created. $ns. $ compound document is a single document made up of parts created in more than one"application packages. #or e5ample, a report may contain a table created in &5cel, and a Hogo created in a 2lipart package. While finali:ing the report in Word for Windows, you can import table and the Hogo from the different packages using 2lipboard facility a ailable in Windows .0. Cou can crate compound documents using the &dit menu-s 1aste )pecial option in the application package in which you are assembling the document. In the application from which you wish to link data, you select the data and place it on the clipboard using the standard 2ut or 2opy commands. When the data to be linked is on the clipboard, use the paste )pecial option from the &dit menu to insert the information at the insertion point and create the link. In the 1aste )pecial dialog bo5 click on the 1aste Hink option button and then click on %G to create the link. $fter the link has been created, the information will be updated into the recei ing document whene er it is changed in the originating document. $s a result, you can build compound documents that assemble data from a ariety of resource applications and stay continuously updated. In a compound document you do not ha e to manually mo e data form one applicationNs M the applications can now handle that for you. Cues. W&at does one mean by Cascadin, WINDOWS and ilin, WindowsE $ns. Windows offers two ways of arraigning the widows are open. These are3 (a) Cascadin, M This causes all the open windows to be sei:ed and staggered in such a way that the tittle bars and edge or corner of e ery window is isible. (b) ilin, M Tile causes all the windows to be si:ed and lined up like tiles on a bathroom wall. Cues. W&at is screen sa6er and e2.lain its utilityE $ns. )creen sa er when set %8 will blank the monitor screen or display a mo ing image or pattern if the mouse or the keyboard is not used for a predetermined period of time. The use of screen sa er is3 (a) )creen sa er pre ents damage to the screen by displaying a changing pattern. (b) It also pre ents the other iewers, from seeing what is on the screen when the user is not working. C. !2.lain w&at do you understand by t&e term rue y.e of fonts. $ns. True type of font gets their name from the fact that their appearance on the screen is the same as the printer prints them. 1rior to the introduction true type fonts computer users needed separate screen fonts for display on the monitor and printer font, i.e. printing on the printer. This is because printers and monitors ha e ery different resolution. With the introduction of True Type fonts, howe er, a single font outline fulfills both the roles. The True Type outline scales to any resolutions Mscreen resolution, dot matri5 resolution, laser printer, or high !uality type setting resolutions.

Microsoft Windows By BALJEET SINGH SINWAR/14

True Type fonts therefore offer two ma4or ad antages o er the other fonts. (a) These fonts are scalable, so only one picture of each character is needed instead of an image for each character in each si:e. (b) These fonts are independent, so only one ersion of the font must reside in the Windows. !2.lain t&e term )I M*'. $ns. $ bitmap is the representation of an image by an array of bits. In a bitmap characters or images are generated by writing the bit pattern to be displayed into the associated storage, each bit of which is mapped to a pi5el on the display surface. In general, a bitmap image is a data structure that describes a bit image being held in memory, such as its location in memory and its si:e. )it( ma..ed font It is a set of characters in a particular si:e and style, in which each character is described as a uni!ue bit map (pattern of dots). )it(ma..ed ,ra.&ics These are the graphics that are stored and held as collections of bits in memory locations corresponding to pi5el on the screen. ,it" mapped graphics are typical of paint programs, which treat images as collections of dots rather than as shapes. Within a computerNs memory, a bit"mapped graphic is represented as an array (group) of bits that describe the characteristics of the indi idual pi5els making up the image. ,itmapped graphics displayed in colour re!uire se eral to 7ay bits per pi5el, each describing some aspect of the colour of a single spot on the screen W&at is difference between Note.ad3 Word'ad and Microsoft WordE Word'ad It is ;ich Te5t format editor. (ata of this application can open only in compatible application. Graphics )upport. Harge file si:e. 8o spelling and grammar check facility. Word )upport so many formats. (ata of this application can open only in compatible application. Graphics )upport. Harge file si:e. )pelling > Grammar check facility.

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Note.ad It is a simple te5t editor. (ata written in it can open anywhere. 8o support of Graphics. )mall file si:e. 8o spelling and grammar check facility.