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F l ow ratings are calculated on the basis of the prov i s i o no fh o ri zontal separation area according Hazens surface-loading theory and are in accordance with the American Petroleum Institutes pri n c i p l e s for separator sizing API Publ i c a t i o n4 2 1 , February 1990. F l ow ra t e si n excess of the maximum surge value given above c a nr e s u l ti ns t ripping of captured oil from coalescing plates.The pipe sizes given above are suitabl efo rf l owr ates up to the Standard Treatment flow ra t e for this model. F l ow ra t e si n ex c e s so ft h i sl evel may require larger pipes and hy d raulic analysis of downstream conditions to ensure that the outlet pipe can carry water at the maximum flow rate required without excessive head building up inside the separator chamber.
Flow-Ratings and Geometrical Data for Standard Configurations Understanding Separator Performance
How oil-remova le f fe c t i veness va ri e s Droplets in the 10-300 micron range Basic measures of separa t o rp e r fo rmance Effluent water quality standards
i n s i d ef r o n t cover
Stokes Law
Determining cri t i c a lri s e ra t e s The Stokes Law equation How accurate is Stokes law? Using Stokes law
Example Calculations I n s t a l l a t i o n
Planning fo rs i t e d rainage and location of oil-water separa t o r Planning Installation Connection of pipe fittings
10 12
15
Figure 1:Comparison of oil-remova le f fe c t i veness of three separat o r s fo r t h r e e d i f ferent dispersions of oil. Note: the above data assumes influent oil with a specific gr avity of 0.88 at a concentration of 250 mg/liter and w ater at a temperature of 50F.
A micron (or micrometer) is a unit of length equal to one thousandth of a mill i m e t e r.(There are 25400 microns in one inch. 50 microns is the approximate limit o fd e t e c t i o n for the human eye.
where AH , Q and V T are the same as in the equation used above and F is a dimensionless factor (always greater than or equal to 1) to account for inefficiencies due to non-unifom flow. F cannot be less than 1 because the perfo rmance of a gr av i t ys e pa rator cannot be greater than that predicted by Hazens pri n c i p l e (which assumes ideal conditions). The American Petroleum Institute recommends different values between 1.2 and 1.75 fo r t raditional retention-tank (baffle-type) separators. Many coalescing-plate separators and separators designed to ensure optimal f l ow d i s t ri bution have near-ideal flow-conditions in the separa t o r chamber:s ot h a tFi st a ken as being equal to 1 (or is omitted e n t i r e l y ) . In the design of circular clari f i e r s( l i ke those used in m unicipal water-treatment projects), F can also be taken as being equal to 1, because the flow-regime is essentially unifo rm-ra d i a l .
A common error in sizing gr avity separation devices is to assume that perfo rmance i sd i r e c t l yp r o p o rt i o n a lt ot h e vessel volume or the residence time of liquid in the chamber.W h i l et ru e for some reaction vessels, i ti sn o ti nt h i sc a s e. API Publication 421 Design and Operation of Oil-Water Separators, 1990
Notice how the depth, d, now appears in both the numera t o r and the denominator of the left-hand-side expression. This means i t c a n c e l so u to ft h e expression show i n gt h a t the depth of the separation chamber is n o t critical to separator performance. Now, i ti se a s yt or e a r range the expression that remains to get Hazens pri n c i p l e.The hori zontal area of the separation chamber is equal to its length mu l t i p l i e d by i t sw i d t h :
Now, t h eb a s i cp rinciple of conservation of matter (know ni nf l u i d A separator can, therefore, b es i zed to provide this separa t i o n u p e r f i c i a l area either as the plan area of its wa mechanics as the continu i t yp ri n c i p l e )t e l l su st h a tt h es t e rs u r face or much more hori zo n t a l ve l o c i t yo ft h e water (the actual hori zo n t a l ve l o c i t yi nu n i- efficiently as the sum of the plan-areas provided by stack so f zo n t a l l y extending coalescing plates.This is outlined in more f o rm l yd i s t ri bu t e df l ow) is equal to the volumetri cf l ow rate (Q) divid- hori d e t a i li nt h en ex ts e c t i o n . ed by the area of the ve rt i c a lf l ow cross-section:
In reality there will be some ve l o c i t y va riations with water depth in a separa t o r chamber and hence the tra j e c t o ry o f a ri s i n gd r o p l e tw i l ln o tb eas t ra i g h tl i n e,bu t a curve. Accounting fo rt h i s fact, how eve r, significantly increases the complex i t yo f the algebraic analysis needed, without altering the conclusions.The assumption that the hori zo n t a l velocity does not change with depth was therefore considered a reasonabl es i m p l i f i c a t i o n .
Figure 3
Stormwater Runoff
The most convenient method (known as the rational method), f o r c a l c u l a t i n gf l ow ra t e so fs t o rm runoff from small areas uses the fo ll owing simple equation. Q=CiA Qi st h ef l ow ra t e C is a dimensionless factor that accounts for the permeability and roughness of the surfaces (taken as 0.9 for paved areas) i i st h e design r a i n fa l li n t e n s i t y( u s u a l l y expressed as inches per hour A i st h ea r e ao ft h es i t e exposed to ra i n fa l l . Note: The design ra i n fa l li n t e n s i t y value is carefully selected on the basis o fl o c a l ra i n fall data (including times of concentration etc.) and also on the basis of providing the optimal economic design. A common method is to choose a ra i n fa l li n t e n s i t yt h a t wo u l da l l ow treatment of 90% or 95% of all the wa t e rl e av i n gt h es i t e. B e c a u s ei ti sc o s t l yt ot r e a tl a r g ef l ows of wa t e r, it is recommended that only those areas that are at risk of contamination from oil and grease should be allow e d t o d rain through the separa t o r. W ater quality devices are often designed fo rf l ow rates substant i a l l yl e s st h a nt h ef l ow rates assumed for rest of the conveyancing system. It is seldom necessary( o rfeasibl e )t ot r e a ta l lo ft h e wa t e r from ve ry h i g hi n t e n s i t y ra i n s t o rm s. This is especially va l i di n areas where the majori t yo fp o l l u t a n t sa r et ransported during the f i r s tf l u s h. Large wa t e rf l ows may be either detained upstream of t h eo i l water separa t o ro ra l l ow ed to by-pass it using suitabl ef l owsplitting and recombination structures. Local guidelines fo rs i z i n g should be consulted in any case.
I nt h i s example over 400 square fe e to fe f fe c t i ve separation area is required to provide a separator with a design ri s e rate of 0.033 f eet / minu t e .T h i si m p l i e st h a ti fat raditional retention vessel or pond is to be used, its area on plan will have to be of the order of 400 square fe e t .I fi ti sn o tp o s s i ble to properl yc o n t r o lc i r c u l a t i o n (non-unifo rm distri bu t i o no ff l ow through the unit), its area may have to be increased to more than five hundred square fe e tt o make u p fo rr e s u l t i n gi n e f f i c i e n c i e s.The other option is to use an efficient coalescing-plate oil-water separa t o r.
Oldcastle Precast Inc. 1996
Rating and Sizing Separators (continued) Horizontal separation area of simple retention tanks and ponds
I nt raditional retention-tank systems, ponds and clari f i e r s, t h eh o ri zontal separation area is closely related to the area of the separ ation chamber measured on plan as shown in Figure 4. The flow through a retention tank is often not unifo rm and a design factor is usually necessary (See Hazens Principle of surface loading page 5). Baffles and ve rt i c a lf l ow d i s t ri butors may be included in the design of such units to limit turbulence and non-unifo rm f l ow d i s t ri bu t i o n .
Figure 4
Note: vertical plates used for this purpose do not add to the amount of separation area in a separator chamber. Separation area can only be provided by continuous boundaries that project horizontally across the separator chamber.
The hori zontal separation area provided by a simple retention tank (baffle-type) separa t o r.
Figure 5
The hori zontal separation area provided by an inclined and corrugated plate
The ove ra l lh o ri zontal area, AH i st h e n found by measuring the t o t a l volume (based on its gross dimensions see Figure 7) of the submerged plate-stack and mu l t i p l y i n gi t by aH :
Figure 6
In addition to providing a ve ry large amount of hori zontal separation area in a small volume, coalescing plate-stack s, when prope rly positioned, promote more eve n l yd i s t ri bu t e df l ow throughout af l ow chamber.It is usually assumed that the effe c t i ve hori zo n t a l area provided by coalescing plates is simply the sum of their planareas (or projected areas). In other words, a va l u e o f 1 . 0 i s assumed for the design factor, F (as explained on page 4).
Inclinations and corrugations give strength and rigidity to coalescing plates and make them easier to maintain. How eve r, while the plates themselves are neither f l a t n o rh o ri zo n t a l ,f l u i dc o n t i nuity and the incompressibility of water means that each one still creates a hori zontal separation area equivalent to the para l l e l -p r oj e c t i o n o fi t su n d e r s u r face area onto a hori zontal plane (its area on plan).
Figure 7
Stokes' Law
Determining Critical Rise-rates
I ti sn o ta l ways necessary to do a Stoke s 'l aw calculation in order t os i ze a gr avity separa t o ro r ra t ei t sp e r fo rmance.Appropri a t ec r i ti c a l r i s e r a t e values may be obtained directly by experiment. A l t e rn a t i ve l y, i f s p e c i f i c d a t a a b o u t t h e l i ke l yo i l water mixtures entering the separator are unava i l a bl e, recommended values may be used. Experience and analysis can also determine the value chosen. Remember that the final choice of c r i t i c a l r i s e r a t e assumed for any design will not only determine the ultimate effect i veness of the separa t o r, bu ta l s oi t ss i ze and cost especially when flow rates through the separator are expected to be subs t a n t i a l . It is common to actually list oil characteristics (such as density, d r o p l e ts i ze etc.) when defining the perfo rmance of a separa t o r. This would seem a practical approach except that many more va ri ables controlling separa t o rp e r fo rmance now need to be quoted with them (e. g . w ater viscosity and cri t i c a ld r o p l e ts i ze ) . Unless a l l of these values are provided, the separa t o r cannot be assessed f o rp e r fo rmance. When they are provided, the equation known as r i t i c a lr i s e Stoke s 'l aw can used to conve rt t h e s e va ri a bl e si n t oa c r a t e value.This value is the same regardless of the oil-water mixture characteri s t i c s.I ti st h e value you can use to compare any t wo gr avity separators.
Figure 8: The curves represent the boundari e s( for wa t e r5 0 oF and 70 oF) below which Stoke s 'l aw is known to predict d r o p l e t ri s e rate with negligibl ee r r o r.
Stokes Law
The fo l l owing equation, often referred to as Stokes law, can be used to accurately calculate the ri s e rate (term i n a l ri s e ve l o c it y )o fad r o p l e to fo i lo fk n own density in water of known viscosi t y :
The symbols used in the equation represent values as fo l l ows: h e ri s e rate (or terminal ve l o c i t y )o ft h eo i l d r o p l e t VT = t (cm/s or ft/sec) g = the acceleration due to gr av i t y( i nc m / s2 o rf t / s e c2) 3 3 ro = t (g/cm o rl b m / f t) h ed e n s i t yo fo i l rw = the density of the water (g/cm3 o rl b m / f t3) d = the droplet diameter (in cm or ft) m is the absolute viscosity of the water (g/cm.sec or lbm/ft-sec). Note: Metric units have also been given here because they are commonly used for Stokes law calculations. You can use either metric (CGS) units or customary (FPS) units (but not both at the same time!). Unit Conversion: 1 cm = 10,000 Microns = 0.3937 in. Density of water (approximately) = 1 g/cm3 = 62.4 lbm/ft3 Density of oil = Specific Grav i t yo fo i l x Density of wa t e r Viscosity units: 1 g/cm.sec = 0.1 Pa.sec = 1 Poise = 100 cP 1 lbm/ft-sec = 14.88164 Poise = 1488.164 cP Acceleration due to gr avity = 981 cm/s2 o r3 2 . 2 feet per second per second.
Table 1: Relationship between viscosity and tempera t u r eo f wa t e r Shortcut method: Figure 9 below was deri ved using Stokes law.It may be used to estimate the ri s e ra t eo fad r o p l e to fo i lo fag i ven size and density when the water is at a temperature of 50o F. For temperatures other than 50o F, t h ec o r r e c t ri s e ra t e value can be obtained by mu l t i p l y i n g values taken from Figure 9 by the appropriate correct i o n fa c t o rg i ve ni n Table 1 (above ) .
Figure 9:
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Example Calculations
Example 3 Example 1 Calculate the ri s e rate of a 60 micron droplet of oil that has a spec i f i c gr avity of 0.888 in water at a temperature of 50 F. Solution: S i ze a suitable rectangular cross-sectioned retention tank (API o i l water separa t o r ) fo ra c r i t i c a lr i s e r a t eo f0 . 0 3 3f e e t / m i na ti t s operating flow-rate of 100 gallons per minute. What size circular unit would be required to provide the same separation effectiveness?
Example 2 Calculate the effe c t i ve hori zontal separation area required to capture all droplets with terminal ve l o c i t i e s greater than or equal to that of a 60 micron droplet of 0.888 specific gr av i t yo i li n wa t e r at a temperature of 50 F,f l owing at 100 gallons per minu t e. Solution:
This is similar to the design approach for this type of separator recommended by the American Petroleum Institute (Publication 421, 1990)
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Solution:
Example 6 If the concentra t i o no fo i le n t e ring the separator was known to be 250 mg / liter and info rmation about the droplet size d i s t ri bu t i o no f t h eo i le n t e ring the separa t o rr evealed that typically 2% of the oil by volume in Example 1 is less than 60 microns, what would be the concentration of oil in the effluent from a separator opera t i n gt o provide a design ri s e rate of 0.033 ft / min.? Solution:
Example 5 What is the design ri s e rate of the Oldcastle separator in Example 4 at 100 gallons per minute? What size oil-droplet does this correspond to (oil specific gr avity = 0.888, water temperature = 50F ) ? What is the maximum flow rate that can be put through this separa t o r for a design ri s e ra t eo f 0.033 ft/min.? Solution:
Oldcastle Precast Inc. 1996
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I n s t a l l a t i o n
Planning for site-drainage and oil-water separat o rl o c a t i o n
The Drainage Plan
Careful planning of paved areas and their drainage can significantly contri bute to successful control of pollutants.See figure 10. Consider the fo l l owing: . Vehicles, equipment and storage vessels and activities that pose a risk of oil-discharge should be limited to a single location i fp o s s i b l e . Drainage from roofs and green areas that are unlikely to have the same pollution problems should be routed separately This reduces flow rates and treatment costs for contaminated wa t e r. . If occasional excessive flows of water are unavoidable, allow for by-passing of excess water to prevent flows from exceeding the maximum surge capacity of the separator unit and other treatment system components By-passing can be achieved with the help of detention structures and limited surface flooding as i l l u s t rated in Figure 13. A l t e rn a t i ve l yaf l ow-diversion and recomb i n a t i o ns t ructure can be constructed. Your local Oldcastle manu facturer may be abl et op r ovide a custom solution fo r yo u , such as a separator with integr ated by p a s s i n g features, a s i l l u s t rated in Figure 11. Figure 10: Example of site-drainage plan fo rru n o f ft r e a tment (The area shaded in gr ey is identified where runoff from the pavement has the potential to be contaminated).
Location of separator
When planning a suitabl el o c a t i o n fo rt h eo i l water separa t o r,keep t h e fo l l owing in mind . The top of the separator should be located at a ridge or crown in the pavement Risers can be provided to create tops to any gr ade level desired (See Figure 12). . When planning for on-site detention (controlled, limited flooding), the flow constriction must be placed upstream of the oilwater separator Do not position flow-constri c t i o n d evices downstream of the separa t o ro rp l a n for any back u po ff l ow i n the separator chamber (See Figure 13.) . Make sure that there is room for access by maintenance vehicles to the separator To enable convenient, regular maintenance as necessary . Locate the separator where it may be conveniently accessed by personnel Where it is unlikely to become permanently covered by stored materi a l s,vehicles or machinery
Oldcastle Precast Inc. 1996
Figure12:
Note:
The information presented here is for guidance purposes only and is not intended as a detailed instruction manual. It is the responsibility of the owner or contractor to ensure compliance with all applicable federal, state and local codes and regulations.
Installation (continued)
Planning the Installation of separator
Oldcastle oil water separators require the same care with installation as any s i m i l a rr e i n forced-concrete environmental structure. Contact your local Oldcastle representativefor specific guidelines and equipment required to install a particular model. In any case, you should comply with applicable codes and regulations.Things to plan ahead fo ra r e : . Excavation In deep excavations, i ti si m p o rt a n tt h a tt h e excava t i o ni s ke p t properly shored. Clearance is required to allow for projecting pipe f i t t i n g sa s well as the concrete vault (See figure14). . Proper bedding preparation The installed separator unit must ultimately be supported by undisturbed or well-compacted soil that is unlike l yt os e t t l es i gn i f i c a n t l y.Care needs to be taken to ensure that the bedding materi a li sp r o p e rly screeded and compacted to prov i d eaf i rm, l eve lfoundation for separa t o r va u l t . . Use of proper lifting equipment Smaller Oldcastle units are installed by boom truck operators from your local Oldcastle Precast manu facturi n g fa c i l i t y.Larger s i ze sw i l lr e q u i r eac ra n et ol ow e rt h eu n i ti np l a c e. . Correct positioning of vault with respect to incoming and outgoing pipes Your Oldcastle Precast representative can advise you on suitabl ep i p e s i zes and arrangements . Correct placement of gaskets between vault base, top-section and riser-sections Your local Oldcastle Precast manu facturer can recommend a durabl e, wa t e r -a n do i l t i g h tj o i n ti fn e c e s s a ryfo r your applicat i o n . Special care needs to be taken in areas that are prone to high water-tabl e st op r eve n ti n f i l t ra t i o n o f water into the separ ator chamber.The joint between riser sections in a concrete vault must be clean before application of any gaske t . Gaske t s m ust be resistant to oil and hydrocarbon compounds. Check with the manu facturer to ensure that the gaske t i ss u i t a bl efo r the application. Ask your Oldcastle representativefor advice in mounting gaskets between concrete sections. . Even backfilling before filling with water Note: . Protection of internal components during construction work on the surface Duri n gs i t ec o n s t ruction wo rk, sediments and debris should be kept out of the separa t o r . Sealing of pipe connections at all points in the drainage system Durabl e, non-corrosive water-tight seals are essential to the functioning of separators. Some special guidelines are given ove rl e a f. Proper installation is critical to the long-term safety, integrity and d u r a b i l i t yo fa no i l w a t e rs e p a r a t o r .I ti sn o td i f f i c u l tt od ow i t ht h e right tools and equipment. Ensure that you comply with appropriate engineering specifications as well as the recommenda tions of your Oldcastle Precast representative. Figure 14: Planning separa t o ri n s t a l l a t i o n
Figure 13:
page 14
Installation (continued)
Connection of Pipe fittings:
P i p ef i t t i n g s fo ro i l water separators must be oil- and wa t e r -t i g h t . Where possibl e, Oldcastle Precast prefers to ship separators with tee-sections and pipes already installed and sealed, so that all the owner or contractor has to do is provide the ex t e rnal coupling to the outside drainage system. Occasions do ari s e, h ow eve r, when it is necessary t ol e ave t h ei n s t a l l a t i o no fp i p e su n t i la f t e rt h eu n i t has been installed. In this case the separator is shipped with cored or cast-in holes.In this case, i ti st h er e s p o n s i b i l i t yo ft h e customer or contractor to provide an adequate seal that is both durabl ea n df l ex i ble enough to function properl yfo rt h ef u l l range o f a l l ow ed constru c t i o n t o l e rances. Ask your local Oldcastle Precast representativefor advice on this issue.
Figure 15: Typical pipe-wa l ls e a l s for PVC pipe: (a) using a non-shri n k grout and (b) using a propri e t a ry boot system. In both cases careful prepara t i o no fs u r faces of pipes and concrete and the choice of suitable adhesives and p rimers for each materi a li se s s e n t i a lt ot h ec r e a t i o no fa good seal.
Pipe-to-Pipe Seals
See Figure 16. Most pipe manu facturers have t h e i r own recommendations for how best to achieve pipe-to-pipe seals.Again, the key to achieving a good durabl es e a ll i e sw i t ht h eq u a l i t yo fs u r face preparation, wo rkmanship, t h ed u ra b i l i t yo fm a t e rials used and the provision of proper bedding materi a lfo rt h e va u l t s t ructure and pipes.When you use propri e t a ry methods, check with the manuf acturer to make sure that the seal is durable and can withstand hydrocarbons and wa t e r.Fo l l ow the pipe-manu fa c t u r e r si n s t ructions when using propri e t a ry products.
Figure 16: Pipe to pipe seals outside separator and for connecti n gi n t e rnal tees and extensions: (a) using propri e t a ry bell ends or pipes and (b) a typical sleeve coupling a r rangement.
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Inspection
Regular inspection is the key to ensuring that an o i l-water separator does its job we l l . The internals of Oldcastles separators are e a s i l yv i ew ed simply by opening the large access doors and looking inside.Doing so, in most cases, t a kes only a minu t e. The inspection frequency required for separators va ries from application to application. It depends on the quantities of oil released at the site.Duri n gt h ef i r s t few months of opera t i o n ,i ti s advisable to inspect the separator once a week to determine the r ate of accumulation of solid materi a la n do i li nt h eu n i t .I ft h ea c t i vity on the paved area which drains through the separa t o ri s fa i rl y consistent, then the frequency of inspection can be reduced to as l i t t l ea so n c e eve ry three months. 1 . Oil Buildup Measure the thickness of the laye ro fo i lt h a th a s bu i l tu po nt h e s u r face of the separa t o r.It should be removed before it reaches a depth of two inches. 2 . Solids Accumu l a t i o n Use a long pole to determine sludge build-up on the bottom judged by the resistance felt when you attempt to push the pole to the bottom of the separator chamber.If more than six inches of sludge has accumulated at the bottom of the unit, it requires cleaning out. 3 . Presence of debris and floatable materials in the inlet chamber The inlet chamber must be kept clear.This chamber and its openings are import a n t fo r d i s s i p a t i n gt u r bulence and distri bu ti n gt h ef l ow of water through the separa t o r.The inlet chamber a l s o a c t s a s a l a s t l i n e o f d e fense for the separator against heavy gr i t ,f l o a t i n ga n ds e t t l i n gd e b ri s.Excessive amounts of these in the separator is an indication of problems with the system upstream that should screen out these materi a l s. 4 . W ater Leve li nt h eu n i t Check that the wa t e rl eve lh a sn o t risen excessively inside the u n i t . The wa t e rl evel inside the separator should neve rrise more than twe l ve inches above i t ss t a n d i n gl evel (unless the separator has been designed to allow fo ra d d i t i o n a l freeboard) . The s t a t i c wa t e rl evel should be the same as the leve lo ft h ei nve rto f the outlet pipe (or outlet weir if one is present). An excessive r i s ei n wa t e rl eve ld u ring operation is an indication of bl o ckage either downstream of the separator or within the coalescing plates themselves. 5 . The Whole System Inspect catch-basins, other units and drained areas upstream of separa t o r.The level of the top of solid material in the base of gr t i chambers and catchbasins should be we l lb e l ow the leve lo ft h e i n v e r t of the pipe leaving the catch basin. Make sure that paved
Fig 19:Grav i t y( o r buoyancy) causes droplets of oil dispersed in the wa t e rt o rise up and separate from wa t e r. T h ef i l mo fo i l that develops on the surface must be removed peri o d i c a l l y.
Removing and Installing Coalescing-Plates Sometimes it is desirable to completely remove the plate-stacks f or closer inspection of the chamber or intensive maintenance if nuisance substances were introduced into the separa t o ro ri ft h e plates become damaged. The plate-stacks Oldcastle uses are modular and may be lifted easily through the separator access doors.Take care to ensure that they are replaced correctly with the proper components securing them in place in their correct posit i o n sl i ke those shown in Figure 19 below.
Solids Removal from separator chambers Bulk pumping of sludge that collects at the bottom of the oil wa t e r separator is recommended if the leve lo fs o l i d s buildup inside the separator chamber exceeds six inches.This is best achieved using the services of a professional tank cleaning company .This type of cleaning should not be expected to be necessary more than once a year.I fexcessive sludge buildup is a problem, it may be due to problems with catchbasins and gr it-chambers upstream of the separa t o r
Figure 19:
10 essentials for a successful and cost-effective oil-pollution prevention plan for surface runoff from your site
1 . Start now Dont wait until a neighbor or environmental official raises their concerns with yo u .I nvestigate your wo rk p ractices.As time goes on people are becoming less and less tolera n to f avoidabl erunoff pollution and p e n a l t i e s for non-compliance are becoming more and more severe. Install an oil-water separator which provides reliabl e, measurabl ep e r fo rmance, maintainability and dura b i l i t y Create a contingency plan for dealing with small and large releases of oils and polluting substances You can startby looking up local tank-cleaning companies and enquiring about their services and how quicko u rp r i o r i t y l yt h ey can respond. When a spill or accident occurs that poses a potentially hazardous situation, y is to minimize damage.Implement a suitable cleanup procedure promptly and document the incident. Chances a r e yo uw i l lh ave completely ave rt e dt h e ri s ko fa ny s e rious environmental damage.Instead of seeing the incident as a disaster, take p ride in the success of your contingency clean-up plan. Get tough on all liquids and materials that could be carried into your drainage system Maintain a clean shop. Ke e pl i t t e r, s a n d ,s o i l ,e t c .o f fp aved areas.Also,keep a close wa t c h fo rt h e fo l l owing liquids that can damage antifreeze agents, degreasers, detergents, alcohols and solvents. the functioning of an oil-water separa t o r:a Pay attention to your oil-water separator and the rest of the drainage system and clean and maintain it promptly when necessary Inspect yo u ro i l water separator regularl y( i ts h o u l do n l yt a ke a minu t e ) . Also check your catchbasins and other structures.Find the safest, most convenient method you can use to clean them out as needed. Service your drainage system promptly Do not wa i tu n t i lt h es y s t e mi sf u l lo fo i lo rs o l i d s.Oil should be removed before it reaches a level of 2 inches.Do not use a separator or any other part o ft h ed rainage system as a receptacle fo ru s e do i l . Do not leave the separator or other part so ft h ed rainage system full of large quan. t i t i e so fo i l for long periods of time Store used oil and oil removed from separator together in a safe, well contained location for hazardous wastes and have it sent to a licensed recycling facility In parts of the country, people are profiting from the sale of wa s t eo i l . There may be similar opport u n i t i e si n your area. Inspect your machinery and liquid storage regularly and undertake preventive measures for early detection and prevention of leaks from corroded or worn parts Preve n t i ve maintenance of your vehicles equipment saves you money by reducing costly repairs and downtime.It also reduces the cost of maintaining yo u r ru n o f ft r e a tment system and enhances its reliability. Reduce risks that help you reduce costs When more environmentally sound wo rk p ractices and source control measures are adopted, the separator and other components of your treatment system require less and less maintenance.Regular separa t o rs e rvicing should not be a time-consuming or costly activity.Maintaining your separa t o rt h i s way reduces the need for more costly and intensive overhaul at a later stage.
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1 0 . Take responsibility for your own effluent No-one else has the pow e r you have t oc o n t r o l runoff pollution from yo u rs i t e. S oi ti s your responsibility.Oldcastles oil-water separator represents the state of the art i n gr av i t y o o l to help you control your wa t e rq u a l i t y.There is no technology that can separator design, bu ti ti ss t i l lo n l ya t automatically take c a r eo fa l lo f your water quality wo r ri e s.Avo i d ove r r e l i a n c eo no i l l evel sensors and alarm s, leak detection equipment etc. Such devices may be unreliabl ei nt h el o n g run and may prov i d e yo uw i t h a false sense of securi t y.There is no substitute for visually inspecting yo u r d rainage system on a regular basis (which should only take a minute anyway ) .
Storing large quantities of oil and other potentially hazardous liquids in an open hy d raulic system is strongly discouraged and illegal in many parts of the country.As o t constitute secondary conw ell as creating a fire and safety hazard, environmental risks remain. Double-walled containment of oil-water separator chambers does n tainment of liquids because the system is open. Oil and other materials can be re-entrained into the effluent as a result of bl o ckage-induced surge or turbulence, t h e accidental release of interfe ring substances (e. g . detergents) into the separator and the occurence of other unpredictabl ep hysical, chemical or microbiological react i o n sa tt h eo i l wa t e ri n t e r face.
Applications Vehicle maintenance facilities Truck stops Petroleum marketing facilities Auto recycling and repair yards Railway maintenance yards Industrial plants Refineries Waste disposal and transfer depots Vehicle / equipment washdown sites Airfields and aircraft maintenance Marine repair yards Vehicle and equipment storage pools
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888-232-6274
Oldcastle Precast Inc. 2000
oldcastle-precast.com
Some models supplied may differ from illustrations shown in this manual. Oldcastle reserves the right to make changes without notice in the course of technical progress and in response to customers requests.
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Oil-Water Separators
Flow ratings are calculated on the basis of the provision of horizontal separation area according Hazens surface-loading theory and are in accordance with the American Petroleum Institutes principles for separator sizing API Publication 421, February 1990. Flow-rates in excess of the maximum surge value given above can result in stripping of captured oil from coalescing plates. The pipe sizes given above are suitable for flowrates up to the Standard Treatment flow-rate for this model. Flow-rates in excess of this level may require larger pipes and hydraulic analysis of downstream conditions to ensure that the outlet pipe can carry water at the maximum flow-rate required without excessive head building up inside the separator chamber. Oldcastle Precast Inc. 1996