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Primary Sources& An Act to define and protect the institution of marriage, H.R. 3396, 104th Cong., 2d Sess. (1996). The Defense of Marriage Act was a bill that dictated that marriage was exclusively between a man and a woman, completely ruling out homosexuals. This bill was ruled unconstitutional in 2013, marking a pivotal moment in the ongoing fight for the human rights of homosexuals. This was helpful to me because it showed me a struggle the homosexual community faced and eventually defeated.&
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Agree That Gays and Lesbians Have a Right to Teach. Photograph. UChicago News - University of Chicago. <http://news.uchicago.edu/sites/all/files/imagecache/image_landingpage_zoom/images/i mage/20110928/xlqntjsham.11793.20110928.jpg>. The Stonewall Riots sparked not only a change in the homosexual community of the United States but also a change in the mindset of Americans on the exclusion of homosexuals from society. This chart details the change in the mindsets of Americans on the issue of whether or not homosexuals should be allowed to be teachers. This chart also contrasts the firing of teachers found to be homosexuals during the period of homosexual exclusion in America in the 1950s and 1960s. This chart helped me see how effective the Stonewall Riots and the subsequent homosexual human rights movement was in changing the minds of American citizens. I used this chart to display how the public opinion on homosexuality has changed since the Stonewall Riots because of the homosexuals human rights movement.&
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Ancient Greek homosexual pottery. Photograph. College of Liberal Arts - University of Texas at Austin. <http://www.laits.utexas.edu/ancienthomosexuality/images/0102280019.jpg>. Homosexuality was detailed in ancient times all over the world through art and literature. This is an image of Greek pottery with a depiction of a homosexual couple drawn on the pot. This image encompassed the background of my topic, therefore I used it in the slideshow on the title page of my website to embody the background of my topic. I used this photograph to illustrate the acceptance of homosexuality in ancient times.&
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"Arrest Reports from the 1969 Stonewall Uprising." The New York Times. <http://documents.nytimes.com/arrest-reports-from-the-1969-stonewall-uprising#p=1>.& These are police reports from the night of the Stonewall Riots that detail the actions taken by the homosexuals taking responsibility to gain their human rights after police raided the Stonewall Inn. The charges include shoving and kicking a police officer, throwing objects at the police officers, among others. These police reports helped me see how the homosexuals fought back at Stonewall, and why this riot in particular was so revolutionary to the homosexual civil rights movement. I used these reports as extra information to access on my website.&

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Arriola, Elvia. Videoconference interview by the author. March 24, 2014.& Professor Elvia Arriola is a professor of law at the Northern Illinois University College of Law. She is licensed to practice law in Illinois, New York, and Texas; she teaches Constitutional Law, Family Law, Gender and the Law, Sexuality and the Law, and a scholarship seminar: Women, Law and the Global Economy. She has also taught Civil Rights Litigation, Professional Responsibility, Contracts, Federal Courts and Domestic Violence at the Northern Illinois University. This interview helped me very much in understanding my topic, and gave me valuable information on the Stonewall Riots, preceding events, and current changes in laws relating to homosexuality. I used audio clips and quotes sporadically throughout my website.&
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Barack Obama signing the repeal of the Don't Ask Don't Tell Act. Photograph. United States Department of Defense. <http://www.defense.gov/DODCMSShare/NewsStoryPhoto/2010-12/scr_P122210CK0122.jpg>.& This is a photograph of Barack Obama signing into law the repeal of the Don't Ask Don't Tell Act. This act subsequently allowed homosexuals to serve openly in the military. I used this picture to illustrate the advancement of the human rights of homosexuals in the area of being able to be open about their homosexuality in the military without being persecuted. I used this photograph to illustrate the repeal of the Dont Ask Dont Tell Act.&
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Black Cat Tavern Riots. Photograph. Fashion Institute of Technology - State University of New York. <http://sites.fitnyc.edu/depts/museum/queer-fashionhistory/images/timeline/1967_black-cat_400.jpg>.& Previous to the Stonewall Riots, there were sporadic demonstrations by homosexuals to fight for their rights. These demonstrations were generally unsuccessful, and they failed to unify the homosexuals of the United States. They received little respect or attention and the homosexuals got no rights because of these riots. This is an image of the riots at the Black Cat Tavern in Los Angeles, California. This image gave me perspective on the early fight for rights by homosexuals. I used this image to represent the trigger of my topic in the slideshow on my title page. I used this image to illustrate the weak beginnings of homosexual activism.&
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Boys Beware. Sid Davis Productions - Unified School District and the Police Department of Inglewood, California, 1955.& In the 1950s in the United States, homosexuals were portrayed sexual perverts with the intent of persuading little boys to provide them sexual favors. This film was an educational film put out as a tool to educate the boys of Inglewood, California. This video helped me see how homosexuals were portrayed in the media in the 1950s and 1960s; since the media reflects the general mindset of the country, this video shows me how homosexuals were completely excluded in the society of America in the 1950s and 1960s. I used a portion of this clip in the Homosexual Exclusion portion of my website.
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CBS Reports. "The Homosexuals." CBS. First broadcast March 7, 1967. Hosted by Mike Wallace. Written by Mike Wallace, William Peters, and Harry Morgan.& This is a 1967 television report detailing the "dangers" of homosexuality. This video accurately represents the rejection of homosexuals carried out by society during the 1960s. I used a clip of this video in the Homosexual Exclusion page on my website. This video helped me see how and why homosexuals were excluded during the 1960s, creating the environment of an imminent rising up by the homosexuals.&
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Change.gov. "Civil Rights." Agenda. Accessed February 25, 2014. <http://change.gov/agenda/civil_rights_agenda/>.& This website details the initiatives the Obama Administration is planning to take to advance the civil rights of all Americans. This includes advancing the civil rights of homosexuals. This website helped me see how the homosexuals taking responsibility to take matters from the heterosexuals' hands to theirs helped gain their civil rights, even today. &
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Christianity Spread. Photograph. Catholic University of America. <http://faculty.cua.edu/Pennington/ChurchHistory220/Maps/ChristianitySpread1400.jpg >.& Previous to the spread of Christianity, homosexuality was generally accepted and not cast out of society. The expansion of the Christian religion brought on the exclusion of homosexuals, as the bible preaches that homosexuality is sin. This is a map detailing the spread of the Christian religion. This map helped me visualize the spread of Christianity. I used this photograph to illustrate the spread of Christianity that contributed to the exclusion of homosexuals.&
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City University of New York. "New York City (NYC) Stonewall Inn Riot - 1969." NYCdata. <http://www.baruch.cuny.edu/nycdata/disasters/riots-stonewall.html>.& This website provided a basic description of the Stonewall Riots as well as their immediate impacts on history. The Stonewall Inn had some previous run-ins with the law before the Stonewall Riots, often coinciding with raids by police. After the Stonewall riots, there were multiple homosexual pride parades, including one that remains ongoing today on Christopher Street, where the Stonewall Inn is located. This website was helpful in my initial understanding of the Stonewall Riots. This website also offered me a picture of the Stonewall Riots; in the picture is a group of men resisting police and fighting back.&
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Exec. Order No. 10450, 3 C.F.R. (1953).& This is an executive order proclaimed by President Dwight D. Eisenhower that prohibited the hiring of any known homosexual to any government employment position and commanded the firing of any person discovered to be homosexual in any government position. This was a measure taken during the Red Scare and accompanying fear of homosexuals being spies for the enemy. This executive order helped me understand the drastic measures taken for the advancement of national security during the Cold War.&
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Fashion Institute of Technology - State University of New York. "Timeline." Queer Fashion History. Accessed January 27, 2014. <http://sites.fitnyc.edu/depts/museum/queerfashion-history/timeline.html>.& Homosexuals have had a history that has represented acceptance turning into exclusion. That exclusion is slowly taking a turn back to acceptance; that turn was catalyzed by the Stonewall Riots. This is a very helpful timeline of homosexual history. This timeline has helped me visualize the importance of my topic.&
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Gates, Gary J. "How Many People Are Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender ?" Williams Institute. <http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/Gates-How-ManyPeople-LGBT-Apr-2011.pdf>.& Today there are many citizens of the United States that are homosexual today that still fight for civil rights. This document gives an explanation of today's homosexual population in the United States. This document helped me see why the fight for homosexual rights is still going on today and how much of America is still affected by the homosexual rights movement and continue to take responsibility for their human rights.&
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Gay Activists Alliance demonstration. Photograph. Fashion Institute of Technology - State University of New York. <http://sites.fitnyc.edu/depts/museum/queer-fashionhistory/images/timeline/1970_march_400.jpg>.& One of the actions the homosexuals of the United States took immediately following the Stonewall Riots was the creation of organizations to advance the rights of homosexuals. These organizations participated in marches and demonstrations and took the front in the fight for the human rights of homosexuals. This is an image of a demonstration by the Gay Activists Alliance. This image showed me how the homosexual took part in the fight to gain their human rights. I used this picture to represent the short term effects of my topic in the slideshow on the title page of my website. I used this image to illustrate the true beginnings of the homosexual human rights movement.&
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"The Gay Manifesto." Against Equality - Queer Challenges to the Politics of Inclusion. Accessed March 13, 2014. <http://www.againstequality.org/files/refugees_from_amerika_a_gay_manifesto_1969.pd f>.& Following the Stonewall Riots, the homosexuals of America unified in activist groups. The Gay Manifesto was a guidebook of sorts for the newly formed homosexual activist groups detailing what to do to achieve "gay liberation". This is a digitized copy of The Gay Manifesto; I put this to access onto my website. This helped me see what the homosexual activism groups did in efforts to take responsibility for their human rights following Stonewall.&

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Halsall, Paul. "Documents from the 1969 Furor." Fordham University. <http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/pwh/1969docs.asp>.& During the Stonewall Riots, the rioters spread multiple leaflets and other sources of propaganda as an effort to spread the word for their cause and gain support within Greenwich Village. This website has the text of several of those leaflets, one of which I quoted in the main event section of my website. This website helped me understand how the Stonewall Riots affected the homosexual population and helped me see how immediate the effect of the stonewall Riots was on the homosexual community.&
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Harms, William. "Americans move dramatically toward acceptance of homosexuality, survey finds." UChicagoNews. Last modified September 28, 2011. <http://news.uchicago.edu/article/2011/09/28/americans-move-dramatically-towardacceptance-homosexuality-survey-finds>.& Ever since the Stonewall Riots and the inception of the homosexual rights movement, public opinion on homosexuality has been progressively becoming more and more accepting of homosexuals. This article details the shift in the mindset of the general population of the United States from exclusion of homosexuals to inclusion of homosexuals. This article helped me see how the Stonewall Riots affected popular opinion, and subsequently the acceptance in the leniency on the rights of homosexuals. I used two charts that were used in this article in my website.&
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Harris, Matt. Interview. Pueblo, CO. March 29, 2014.& Dr. Matt Harris teaches U.S. History I, Historiography, America to 1787, Early America to 1763, The New American Nation, 1763-1830, Directed Study for the MA Prelim Exam, and Thesis Research and the Colorado State University - Pueblo campus. Dr. Harris gave me information on the Stonewall Riots and the exclusion of homosexuals previous to the Riots. He also helped me understand how the homosexual rights movement continues to advance the human rights of homosexuals in America.&
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Homosexual demonstration at Independence Hall (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) in 1965. Photograph. Fashion Institute of Technology - State University of New York. <http://sites.fitnyc.edu/depts/museum/queer-fashionhistory/images/timeline/1965_protest_400.jpg>.& The homosexuals of America began attempting to fight for their rights immediately following the beginning of the movement by the oppressed communities of the United States. Their beginning attempts were relatively unsuccessful and largely disrespected. This is an image of a demonstration by homosexuals at Independence Hall (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) in 1965. This image showed me how homosexuals began fighting for their human rights previous to the Stonewall Riots, but they were relatively unsuccessful. I used this image to illustrate the disrespected and ignored demonstrations by homosexuals previous to the Stonewall Riots.&

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Homosexual pride flag. Photograph. City of St. Louis, Missouri. <https://www.stlouismo.gov/government/departments/public-safety/news/images/Pride-St-Louis-Flag.jpg>.& The modern homosexual human rights movement continues to embody the initial fight for human rights sparked by the Stonewall Riots. This is an image of the homosexual pride flag. I used this image as my header; this image showed me that the fight for homosexual rights continues to go on, as homosexuals still have not completely gained all their human rights.&
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Homosexual pride march. Photograph. United States Department of State. <http://photos.state.gov/libraries/unesco/196605/internal/500gayparade.jpg>.& The fight for the human rights of homosexual continues today. The homosexual community continues to hold protests, demonstrations, parades, and rallies to fight for their rights and take responsibility to remind society that they still need their human rights. This is an image of a modern homosexual pride march. This image helped me see how the fight for the human rights of homosexuals continues still today. I used this image to represent the long term effects of my topic in my slideshow on the title page of my website. I used this image to illustrate the continuing homosexual human rights movement.&
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Homosexuals at the first homosexual pride parade in San Francisco, California. Photograph. San Francisco Pride. <http://www.sfpride.org/_img/1970_sf_gay-in_350.png>.& This is an image of two homosexuals sitting down at the first homosexual pride parade in San Francisco, California; this demonstration was created to commence the one-year anniversary of the Stonewall Riots. This image helped me learn about the first instances of the homosexual fight for human rights. I used this image to illustrate the immediate reactions of homosexuals following the Stonewall Riots.&
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How the Reds Blackmail Homosexuals into Spying for Them. Photograph. College of Education - University of Texas at Austin. <http://www.edb.utexas.edu/faculty/salinas/students/student_sites/Fall2008/6/images/extr aheadline.jpg>.& During the Red Scare, the nation was on edge and very fearful of anything that posed a threat to national security. During this time, homosexuals were seen as being the prime candidates for being spies because they lead secret lives hen hiding their sexuality. Due to this, homosexuals were unfairly persecuted and excluded from society. This is an image of a newspaper detailing two homosexuals that were convicted of spying during the Cold War. This image showed me how homosexuals were persecuted during the Red Scare, and how the exclusion of homosexuals was legitimized during this time period. I used this image to illustrate the persecution of homosexuals during the Red Scare.

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"LGBTQ Civil Rights: A Global Perspective." Old Dominion University. <http://ww2.odu.edu/ao/preview/pdfs/LGBT%20Timeline%20For%20Website.pdf>.& This website detailed the recent history of homosexuality. The civil rights of homosexuals have been taken since the Christian expansion, commencing the beginning of the period of oppression of homosexuals by the society dominated by heterosexuals. This oppression became particularly prevalent in the 1800s when people were being given rights; during this time, homosexuals were not given their civil rights. This is a timeline of the civil rights of homosexuals; it was very helpful in seeing how the fight for civil rights by homosexuals has developed since the mid-1800s.&
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Lisker, Jerry. "Homo Nest Raided, Queen Bees Are Stinging Mad." New York Daily News (New York City, NY), July 6, 1969.& This newspaper article detailed the Stonewall Riots days after they occurred. The Stonewall Riots occurred amidst a time of rapid social change in the United States during the civil rights movement. The homosexuals were one group fighting for their human rights during this movement. The Stonewall Riots were an important movement in the homosexuals' fight for rights. This newspaper article gave me a valuable insight into the riots.&
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Major Paths of Early European Penetration of Present United States. Photograph. National Parks Service: Discover History and Historic Preservation in the National Park Service. <http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/explorers/images/map1.jpg>.& When European influences began colonizing the United States, they brought with them their primarily Christian beliefs. This is a map of the areas in which certain European influences colonized the United States. This map helped me see how the Christian expansion in Europe spread to the United States, spawning the exclusion of homosexuals. I used this image to illustrate how Christian beliefs infiltrated America.&
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"McCarthyism and the Cold War - Diplomatic Security in the 1950s." U.S. Department of State. Accessed February 10, 2014. <http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/176702.pdf>.& During the 1950s, McCarthyism was a popular tactic used to incriminate homosexuals. Homosexuals were highly persecuted because they were thought of as generally being spies for the Russians and physically incapable of keeping secrets during a time of heightened fear of spying. This article helped me understand McCarthyism and how homosexuals were persecuted during the Cold War. &

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Morality of Gay/Lesbians Relations -- 2001-2012. Photograph. Gallup. <http://content.gallup.com/origin/gallupinc/GallupSpaces/Production/Cms/POLL/8qzvzy fxj0a1vpjj8_yyzw.gif>.& Ever since the Stonewall Riots, the public view of homosexuality has become increasingly more tolerant of homosexuals. This chart is of a polling taken through the years 2001 through 2012 representing the public opinion on the morality of homosexual relations. This chart shows the shifting mindset towards the acceptance of homosexuality. This chart showed me how the Stonewall Riots and the subsequent homosexual human rights movement sparked a change in the mindsets of Americans towards acceptance of homosexuals. I used this image to illustrate the changing mindset of the United States on issues regarding homosexuality since the beginning of the homosexual human rights movement.
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NYC Pride. "Today, as the Struggle for Gay Rights Continues." About Heritage of Pride. <http://www.nycpride.org/about/>.& In the year following the Stonewall Riots, homosexual pride parades commenced to commemorate the one-year anniversary of the Stonewall Riots. These occurred in major cities across America, including New York City. This website was the website for the New York City homosexual pride parade, an event that has been seen annually since 1970. This website gave me information about homosexual pride parades that followed the Stonewall Riots and information on the ongoing struggle of the homosexual community for their civil rights.&
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The Open Mind. "Homosexuality: A Psychological Approach." CUNY TV. First broadcast 1956.& This is a television broadcast from 1956 of a discussion between two psychologists on the effects of homosexuality on human psychology and society. It helped me understand that homosexuals were thought of as somewhat inferior to the dominant heterosexual society. I compared this to actions after the Stonewall Riots, and I saw the contrast of the domination of the homosexuals by heterosexuals with the homosexual community taking responsibility for their rights after the Stonewall Riots. I used a clip from the introduction to this video in the Homosexual Exclusion portion of my website.&
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Percentage of people identifying as homosexual in the United States per state - Gallup poll. Image. Williams Institute - University of California at Los Angeles. <http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/gallup-map-final-feb2013.jpg>.& This is a map of the percentage of people in the United States, per state, identifying as homosexual. This image helped me see how many homosexuals self-identify as homosexuals in the United States; the self-identification of homosexuals is something also catalyzed by the Stonewall Riots. One of the first steps to homosexuals taking responsibility for their rights was self-identification. I used this map to illustrate how there are homosexuals in the United States that deserve their human rights they currently do not have.&
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President Barack Obama on the day of the signing of the Matthew Shephard and James Byrd, Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act. Photograph. The White House. <http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/audio-video/video_thumbnail/Hatecrimes2.jpg>.& The law has been shifting towards the favor of homosexuals in recent events. One such way the law has shifted in the favor of homosexuals is the signing of the Matthew Shephard and James Byrd, Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act; this act states that crimes with motivations regarding sexual preference or gender identity are to be charged as hate crimes. This is an image of President Barack Obama meeting with the families of Matthew Shephard and James Byrd, Jr., two people that were killed because of motivations relating to their sexual identity, on the day of the signing of the act. The killers of both Matthew Shephard and James Byrd, Jr. were never convicted of a hate crime. This picture showed me how the human rights of homosexuals continue to be advanced. I used this image to illustrate the Matthew Shephard and James Byrd, Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act.&
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"President Obama - Gay Marriage: Gay Couples 'Should Be Able to Get Married' - ABC News Exclusive." YouTube. Video file, 07:42. Posted by ABC News, May 9, 2012. Accessed February 12, 2014. <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kQGMTPab9GQ>.& In 2012, President Barack Obama became the first president of the United States to officially affirm his support for the legality of same-sex unions. This video is a news report by ABC News of that affirmation. This video helped me see that this was a revolutionary move in the changing public view of homosexuality, seeing as the president of the United States is one of the most powerful social figures in the United States. This is representative of the changing mindsets of Americans on the topic of homosexuality. I used a portion of this video in The Public View page on my website.&
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Reaction to the ruling of Brown v. Board of Education. Photograph. United States National Parks Service. <http://www.nps.gov/common/uploads/teachers/assets/images/nri/20131023/teachers/02 C78E20-DDCA-3AFC-B8D998BC9DB9285A/02C78E20-DDCA-3AFCB8D998BC9DB9285A.jpg>.& The Supreme Court ruling in the case Brown v. Board of Education brought to light the questioning of who, in America deserved equality in human rights. This is an image of a reaction to the ruling in the court case. This image gave me some context to the events that ultimately sparked the movement for rights by oppressed minority groups of America. I used this image to illustrate the Supreme Court decision in the case of Brown v. Board of Education, the beginning of the movement by oppressed minorities rising up to gain their human rights that had been taken from them.

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Rioters at the Stonewall Inn during a break during the Stonewall Riots. Photograph. College of Education - University of Texas at Austin. <http://www.edb.utexas.edu/faculty/salinas/students/student_sites/Spring2007/jap757/ph otoStonewallInn2.jpg>.& This is a photograph of some rioters at the Stonewall Riots in front of the Stonewall Inn. This photograph gave me a view of the riots at Stonewall that catalyzed the homosexual rights movement. It helped me see a small portion of the degree of the Stonewall Riots. I used this image to illustrate the Stonewall Riots that catalyzed the homosexual human rights movement.&
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SF Pride. "History of Pride." San Francisco Pride. <http://www.sfpride.org/heritage/>.& In the year following the Stonewall Riots, 1970, to commemorate the riots, many homosexual pride parades were held all over the country. This website is of the San Francisco homosexual pride parade; it included multiple valuable pictures and history of homosexual pride parades. This website helped me see the effect Stonewall had on the homosexual community just one year after.&
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Smith, Howard. "Full Moon Over the Stonewall." The Village Voice (New York City, NY), July 3, 1969.& This newspaper article is from the point of view of a news reporter on the scene at the beginning of the Stonewall Riots. The Stonewall Riots were one of the first riots by homosexuals to actually be violent. The riots included the throwing of multiple projectiles and the damaging of property primarily in the forms of vandalism such as graffiti. This article helped me learn about how the riots played out, and it also gave me a valuable first-hand account of the riots.&
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State of Connecticut. "Timeline of LGBT History." Connecticut Department of Children and Families. <http://www.ct.gov/dcf/lib/dcf/wmv/pdf/timeline_of_lgbt_history.pdf>.& This is a timeline of homosexual history. Homosexual history is filled with fluctuations regarding their acceptance and respect as a part of society. In the ancient times, homosexuals were generally accepted, however the dawn of the Christian Era brought persecution to the environment homosexuals were living in. This remained until the amount of persecution began to lessen following the Stonewall Riots. The history of homosexuals creates a visible timeline of social and legal acceptance in society. This timeline was exactly that, and it was very helpful in understanding how the Stonewall Riots were the turning point in the rights of homosexuals.&
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Stonewall and Beyond: Lesbian and Gay Culture. Accessed January 20, 2014. <http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/eresources/exhibitions/sw25/>.& This is a digitized museum exhibit hosted by Columbia University. This exhibit included many pictures and a lot of valuable information relating to pre-Stonewall homosexuality and how homosexuals were viewed after Stonewall. This exhibit helped me understand my topic as a whole and also how Stonewall changed the civil rights of homosexuals.
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The Stonewall Inn. "The Historic Stonewall Inn." The Stonewall Inn "Where Pride Began". <http://www.thestonewallinnnyc.com/StonewallInnNYC/HISTORY.html>.& This is the official website of the Stonewall Inn, the homosexual bar that is still running today. This website gave me valuable information on the riots themselves, and also about efforts becoming of the riots that helped advance the homosexual rights movement. This website was helpful in my initial understanding of the Stonewall Riots as well as their impacts on history.&
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Stonewall Inn. Photograph. Harvard Law School - Harvard University. <http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/fensterm/files/2009/06/stonewall_inn_1969.jpg>.& The stonewall Inn was located in the heart of Greenwich Village, a primarily homosexual subdivision of New York City. This is an image of the Stonewall Inn, the beginning location of the Stonewall Riots. This image showed me the Stonewall Inn, and helped me get a better understanding of the place where the riots occurred. I used this image to illustrate the place where the homosexual human rights movement began.&
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Stonewall Riots. Photograph. Baruch College - City University of New York. <http://www.baruch.cuny.edu/nycdata/disasters/images/stonewall_riot-1969.jpg>.& This image is of a confrontation between police and rioters during the Stonewall Riots. The Stonewall Riots were the first example of a particularly violent demonstration by the homosexual population of New York, and it sparked the homosexual rights movement. This image helped me see the violence taking place that night at the Stonewall Inn. I used this image to illustrate the violence that took place during the Stonewall Riots.
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Support and Opposition to Same-sex Marriage. Photograph. UChicago News - University of Chicago. <http://news.uchicago.edu/sites/all/files/imagecache/image_landingpage_zoom/images/i mage/20110928/asmzfpbkdj.11792.20110928.jpg>.& Ever since the Stonewall Riots, the mindset of the United States on issues regarding homosexuality has been progressively moving in favor of homosexuals. This is a chart contrasting the changes in United States' support and opposition to same-sex marriage over time. This chart showed me how the Stonewall Riots and the subsequent homosexual rights movement sparked not only change in the homosexuals of the United States but the rest of society as well. I used this chart to illustrate the effect the homosexual human rights movement has had o the general population of the United States.
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This division may be cited as the Matthew Shepard and James Byrd, Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act., H.R. 2647, 111th Cong., 1st Sess. (2009).& The Matthew Shephard and James Byrd, Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act is an example of the continuing fight for homosexual human rights. Due to the passing of this law, the legal charge of hate crime can entail crimes based on motivations of gender identity or sexual preference. This bill helped me see how the human rights of homosexuals continue to be advanced. I used this full text in my website.&
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To prohibit employment discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity., S. 815, 113th Cong., 1st Sess. (2013).& The legality of discrimination in the workplace is still an issue for the homosexual community. Currently, there is no law in place at the federal level to prohibit workplace discrimination based on sexual preference or gender identity, but this bill is going through the legal process. This bill gave me an example of an issue that still plagues the homosexual community. I used the full text of this bill in my website, and I also quoted a portion of it.&
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To provide for the repeal of the Department of Defense policy concerning homosexuality in the Armed Forces known as Dont Ask, Dont Tell., S. 4023, 111th Cong., 2d Sess. (2010).& The Don't Ask Don't Tell Act was an act that prohibited homosexuals from serving openly in the military; in 2010, this act was repealed, allowing homosexuals to serve openly in the military. This is the text of the repeal of the Don't Ask Don't Tell Act. This showed me how strong the homosexual community remains today in their united fight to gain their human rights. I put the text of this bill into my website.&
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Truscott, Lucian, IV. "Gay Power Comes to Sheridan Square." The Village Voice (New York City, NY), July 3, 1969.& This is a newspaper article written directly after the endings of the Stonewall Riots detailing the events of those nights. The Stonewall Riots ultimately catalyzed the homosexual rights movement. This was one of the first events of the homosexual community fighting back against the dominant society of heterosexuals. This newspaper helped me understand how the Stonewall Riots were different and important.&
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University of California at Santa Cruz. "LGBT Pride Month - Timeline." Office for Diversity, Equity and Inclusion. <http://diversity.ucsc.edu/newsevents/news/images/LGBThistory.pdf>.& This is a timeline of the advancement of homosexual rights up to the present day; the beginning of the fight for the human rights of homosexuals began in the 1800s, but truly gathered steam because of the Stonewall Riots. This was valuable for the beginning of my research, as it gave me a good foothold for me to begin my research.& The Warren Cup. Photograph. The British Museum. <http://www.britishmuseum.org/images/bsl_warren_cup_channel_624x351.jpg>.& Homosexuality was observed throughout ancient times, and it was portrayed through artwork such as the Warren Cup. The Warren Cup is a piece of Roman metalwork portraying a homosexual couple. This is an image of the Warren Cup. This image helped me learn about ancient society's portrayal of homosexuality, and helped me compare that to society's portrayal of homosexuality following the expansion of the Christian religion throughout the world. I used this photograph to illustrate the acceptance of homosexualithy previous to the expansion of Christian beliefs.&
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Wiley, Andrea, and Josh Burke. "The Lavender Scare (1945-1969)." The College of Education. Last modified December 1, 2008. Accessed March 11, 2014. <http://www.edb.utexas.edu/faculty/salinas/students/student_sites/Fall2008/6/>.& This is a website that detailed the persecution of homosexuals during the Red Scare of the Cold War. The period of persecution is often referred to as the Lavender Scare. Homosexuals were thought to be spies because of their leading of "secret lives" when hiding their sexuality. Also, it was spread that homosexuals were incapable of keeping secrets. This website helped me understand a period of bitter persecution of homosexuals that heightened the removal of rights of homosexuals previous to the Stonewall Riots.&
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Winer, Anthony S. "Hate Crimes, Homosexuals, and the Constitution." Mitchell Open Access. Accessed March 7, 2014. <http://open.wmitchell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1178&context=facsch>.& The charge of hate crime entailing motivations of sexual preference or gender identity is one example of a modern issue that plagues the homosexual community. This is a paper detailing the issue of the legality of the issue. This paper helped me learn about one example of an issue that continues to plague the homosexual community still today.&
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Secondary Sources& After Stonewall the Making of a Gay and Lesbian Community. Produced by John Scagliotti, Janet Baus, and Dan Hunt. 1999. New York City, NY: First Run Features, 2010. DVD.& This movie told about how the Stonewall Riots commenced the beginning of the homosexual rights movement in the United States. Following Stonewall, activists groups began, and parades and rallies were held. These were done in effort to show that the homosexuals were gaining their human rights back. This video showed me how homosexuals reacted to the Stonewall Riots, and how their reactions sparked the homosexual rights movement that is still going on today.&
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Alsenas, Linas. Gay America: Struggle for Equality. New York City, NY: Amulet, 2008.& This book told about how ever since European influences set foot on North America, homosexuals have been persecuted there. The Christian teachings brought by the Europeans colonizing the Americas were responsible; these beliefs remained active until the Stonewall Riots, when they started to recede. This book gave me information about homosexuals struggling through the persecution in the United States from the beginning.&
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Ancient Chinese homosexual artwork. Photograph. Traditions - Cultural China. <http://traditions.cultural-china.com/chinaWH/upload/upfiles/201202/29/history_of_chinese_homosexuality657172eef072dd159df6.jpg>.& Homosexuality was observed in ancient China, and it was documented in their literature and artwork. This is an image of ancient Chinese artwork depicting two homosexuals performing homosexual acts. This picture showed me how, in ancient China, homosexuality was accepted and not looked down upon. I used this photograph to illustrate the acceptance of homosexuality in ancient cultures as portrayed through artwork.&
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Ancient Egyptian artwork depicting homosexual rulers Niankhkhnum and Khnumhotep. Photograph. Women in the Bible. <http://www.womeninthebible.net/niankhkhnum_khnumhotep.jpg>.& Ancient Egypt is believed to be the first place in the world that homosexuality was documented. This was observed in the case of Niankhkhnum and Khnumhotep, two male Egyptian rulers who were buried together in a manner reserved for married couples. This lead historians to believe that Niankhkhnum and Khnumhotep were homosexual lovers. This is an image of Egyptian artwork depicting the two ancient Egyptian rulers. This picture helped me learn about the origins of documented homosexuality in ancient times. I used this image to illustrate how homosexuality was not excluded from society previous to the expansion of Christian beliefs.

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Ancient Greek art depiction of homosexuality. Photograph. Livius - Articles on Ancient History. <http://www.livius.org/a/1/greece/lovers.jpg>.& According to surviving artworks, homosexuality was observed frequently in ancient cultures, such as ancient Greece. This is an image of Ancient Greek artwork depicting homosexual male lovers. This image showed me how homosexuality, in ancient cultures, was not excluded. I used this image to illustrate the portrayal of accepted homosexuality in ancient artwork.&
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Ancient Indian homosexual sculpture. Photograph. God Hates the World. <http://www.godhatestheworld.com/india/images/filthymanneroflife.gif>.& Homosexuality has been observed since ancient times throughout the world, and it was widely documented through artwork and literature. This is an image of a sculpture built in ancient India depicting homosexual intercourse. This image showed me that homosexuality was not particularly cast out of society in ancient cultures. I used this image to illustrate the acceptance of homosexuality in ancient cultures in contrast to the period following the Christian expansion.&
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Anti Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) protest. Photograph. ABC News. <http://abcnews.go.com/images/Politics/gty_doma_protest_kb_130325_wblog.jpg>.& The Defense of Marriage Act, or DOMA, was an act signed into law that prohibited the marriage of homosexuals and said the marriage was an act exclusive to heterosexuals. This act was repealed in 2011. This is a picture of a protest against the Defense of Marriage Act. This picture helped me see how public opinion has changed since the Stonewall Riots of how homosexuals should be treated under the law and how the movement for civil rights of homosexuals is still going strong to this day. I used this image to illustrate the repeal of the Defense of Marriage Act.&
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Ball, Carlos A. From the Closet to the Courtroom Five LGBT Rights Lawsuits That Have Changed Our Nation. Queer Action. Boston, MA: Beacon Press, n.d.& According to this book, the law has long been a source of persecution of homosexuals; now that the Stonewall Riots and subsequent events have advanced homosexual rights, lawsuits have abounded as reactions to inequalities homosexuals face and further advancements of homosexual rights. This book gave me examples of some of these lawsuits, and their help on advancing homosexual rights.&
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Before Stonewall the Making of a Gay and Lesbian Community. Produced by John Scagliotti. Directed by Greta Schiller and Robert Rosenberg. 1985. New York City, NY: First Run Features, 2010. DVD.& This film told about the homosexuals' long history of persecution and exclusion. In the United States, this was especially prevalent through popular opinion widely intolerant of homosexuality; this popular opinion created an oppressive environment for homosexuals previous to the Stonewall Riots and the homosexual rights movement. This video gave me a view of the environment created for homosexual previous to the Stonewall Riots and the homosexual rights movement.&
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Black Cat Tavern riots. Photograph. GLAAD. <http://www.glaad.org/sites/default/files/styles/250x250/public/tumblr_lzuwuvdB9C1qg hfy5o1_400.jpg?itok=4w4wjChv>.& One of the beginning actions taken by homosexuals against police suppression of their rights was at the Black Cat Tavern in Los Angeles, California. It was a peaceful protest met with police opposition. This is an image of the Black Cat Riots. This image showed me part of the weak beginning of the homosexual rights movement. I used this image to illustrate one of the early movements by homosexuals to fight for their rights; these movements were relatively unsuccessful.
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Boswell, John. Christianity, Social Tolerance, and Homosexuality: Gay People in Western Europe from the Beginning of the Christian Era to the Fourteenth Century. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2009.& This book told about how the beginning of the persecution of homosexuals was onset by the expansion of the teachings of the Christian religion. The Christian religion taught that homosexual practices were immoral and condemned through the religion. This book detailed the Christian expansion's relation to the beginning of the social and legal persecution of homosexuals, and was helpful in my understanding of the beginnings of the suppression of homosexuals.&
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Bullogh, Vern L., and John Dececco. Before Stonewall: Activists for Gay and Lesbian Rights in Historical Context. New York City, NY: Routledge, 2002.& According to this book, homosexuals were widely persecuted in the United States previous to the homosexual rights movement. A select few homosexuals stood up for their human rights and fought for them amidst disrespect, persecution, and absence of consideration. This book gave me insight into the world of homosexual activism previous to the Stonewall Riots.&
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Carter, David. Stonewall: the Riots that Sparked the Gay Revolution. New York City, NY: St. Martin's Press, 2004.& This book showed how the Stonewall Riots were integral in the commencement of the homosexual rights movement. Their exact history is fairly unsure, however. This book collected information from various accounts to give a definitive history of the Stonewall Riots. This book was very helpful in my understanding of the Stonewall Riots. This book also gave me information on the events that followed the Stonewall Riots such as homosexual activism and homosexual pride events.&
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Compton's Cafeteria Riot. Photograph. Vimeocdn. <http://b.vimeocdn.com/ts/706/638/70663895_640.jpg>.& The homosexual took full advantage of the changing mindset in America, marked by the Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education, to begin fighting for their basic human rights. This is an image of one riot during the period of the changing mindset of America, the Compton's Cafeteria Riot. This image showed me how the homosexual took advantage of the uprising of the minorities of America to gain their human rights. I used this image to illustrate one of the first movements, that was unsuccessful, by homosexuals to fight for their human rights.

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Davis, Kate, and David Heilbroner, dirs. American Experince: Stonewall Uprising. Screenplay by David Carter and David Heilbroner. PBS, 2011. Accessed January 30, 2014. <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/films/stonewall/player/>.& This movie gave a general overview of how the Stonewall Riots were an important catalyst to the homosexual rights movement and the subsequent gaining of human rights for the homosexual population of the United States. There are multiple events leading up to the Stonewall Riots, and there were multiple events that followed. The Stonewall Riots were sparked by the taking of homosexuals' human rights, and the homosexual rights movement came from the riots. The riots represented the responsibility the homosexuals would begin taking for their own lives, rather than continuing to let the heterosexual society dictate their lives. This movie was very helpful in my understanding of the Stonewall Riots and their impacts on history as well as their actions as a spark for the homosexual rights movement. This movie also gave me insight on what led up to the Stonewall Riots and the environment homosexuals were subject to previous to the homosexual rights movement.&
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Duberman, Martin. Stonewall. New York City, NY: Plume, 1994.& This book told how the Stonewall Riots were integral in the advancement of homosexual rights in the United States. They represented that the homosexual population did not want the heterosexuals to further dictate their human rights. The homosexuals wanted their human rights back, so they rioted against the police that attempted to raid the Stonewall Inn. This book helped me understand how the Stonewall Riots helped the homosexuals band together as a community to fight and regain their rights.&
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Foster, Thomas A., ed. Long Before Stonewall: Histories of Same-Sex Sexuality in Early America. New York City, NY: New York University Press, 2007.& This book mentioned how the people who colonized North America were mostly intolerant of homosexual practices. Homosexuals were subject to persecution of both legal and social roots in early America. This book gave me information on the persecution homosexuals in early America faced.&
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40 Years After Stonewall. Produced by John J. Coghlan. 2009.& The Stonewall Riots have had a profound effect on the advancement of the human rights of homosexuals in the United States. They incited the homosexuals to become a community and band together to take responsibility for the rights they had been denied previously. This film tells about how the Stonewall Riots have affected the homosexual rights movement. This video helped me see the effects of the homosexual rights movement and how the Stonewall Riots incited the homosexuals of the United States to take responsibility upon themselves by inciting court battles and fighting for their rights in rallies and organizations.

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Gay Activists Alliance protest. Photograph. Gay Today. <http://gaytoday.com/images2k4/gaademo.jpg>.& The Gay Activists Alliance was one of the homosexual organizations formed following the Stonewall Riots; these groups were the faces of the homosexual rights movement following Stonewall. These groups ultimately took responsibility to gain their rights in court battles and public demonstrations. This is an image of a Gay Activists Alliance protest. This image helped me see how the homosexual community responded to Stonewall immediately after. I used this image to illustrate the immediate reaction of the homosexuals of the United States following the Stonewall Riots.&
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Gay Liberation Front rally. Photograph. New York Public Library. <http://webstatic.nypl.org/exhibitions/1969/images/large/1582230.jpg>.& The Gay Liberation Front was the most prominent of the homosexual rights activist groups that were formed as a response to the Stonewall Riots. This is an image of a 1969 rally by the Gay Liberation Front. This image helped me see how fast the homosexuals bonded together as a community and how they fought for their civil rights following the Stonewall Riots. I used this image to illustrate one of the fronts in the beginning fight for the human rights of homosexuals following the Stonewall Riots.&
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Homosexual pride parade in 1970s New York. Photograph. Vanity Fair. <http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2009/06/seventies-nycslideshow200906/jcr:content/par/cn_contentwell/parmain/cn_slideshow/item12.rendition.slideshowVertical.seventies-nyc-0906-ps13.jpg>.& The Stonewall Riots sparked the beginning of a movement of the homosexuals taking responsibility to gain their human rights in the United States. This responsibility was represented by multiple parades and demonstrations. This is an image of a homosexual pride parade in New York in the 1970s. This picture helped me see how the Stonewall Riots united the homosexuals of the United States as a community to fight for their human rights. I used this image to illustrate the banding together of the homosexuals of the United States as a reaction to the Stonewall Riots.&
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Human Rights Campaign. <http://www.hrc.org/>.& The human rights campaign is the modern-day front for the homosexual civil rights movement. They are large advocates for the advancement of the civil rights of homosexuals, and are a prime example of how the homosexual community continues to take responsibility to fight for their basic human rights. This website helped me learn about modern day issues; it also gave me information about the history of the homosexual civil rights movement and how homosexuals continue to assume responsibility to gain their rights.&
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Miller, Neil. Out of the Past: Gay and Lesbian History from 1869 to the Present. Boston, MA: Alyson Books, 2006.& This book showed how homosexuals faced social and legal persecution throughout the world for along period of time. The history of definitive persecution of homosexuals beings in the mid-1800s. This book detailed the history of the lives homosexuals were forced to lead and how rights were taken from homosexuals since this time period.

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Mucciaroni, Gary. Same Sex Different Politics. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press, 2008.& This book told about how homosexuality has had a long history of run-ins with the law. Homosexuals were often unfairly subject to certain laws so they could be persecuted for certain practices that were not normally illegal, but homosexuals were specially persecuted for. Following Stonewall and the subsequent advancement of homosexual rights, unfair treatments of homosexuals were subject to multiple political discussions and decisions. This book gave me information on these political discussions and decisions.&
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Myers, JoAnne. Historical Dictionary of the Lesbian and Gay Liberation Movements. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 2013.& The Stonewall Riots were the spark for the homosexual rights movement and the beginning of homosexuals taking responsibility to fight for the rights that had been taken from them. This movement forever changed the civil rights of homosexuals in America. This book detailed the homosexual rights movement, including information from the beginnings to the current situation of it. This book helped me understand the homosexual rights movement, and its timeline helped me visualize exactly how the Stonewall Riots catalyzed an entire movement of the homosexual community to take responsibility for their civil rights.&
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National Parks Service. "Workforce Diversity." U.S. Department of the Interior. <http://www.nps.gov/diversity/stonewall.htm>.& This website told about the location of the Stonewall Inn. Located in the heart of the homosexual community known as Greenwich Village, the area was an area very prime for the homosexual community to rise up for their rights; there were many instances in Greenwich Village where the rights of homosexuals were not respected. Greenwich Village was one area that was subject to the urbanization of America and the subsequent creation of niches for minorities, including homosexuals. In turn, this area was dominantly homosexual, so the heterosexuals became subject to the whims of the majority homosexual population. This website helped me understand these points and that Greenwich Village was a prime area for an uprising to commence the homosexual rights movement.&
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New York Public Library. "1969: The Year of Gay Liberation." Exhibitions. Accessed March 8, 2014. <http://web-static.nypl.org/exhibitions/1969/year.html>.& This is a website detailing gay liberation immediately following the Stonewall Riots including the organizations formed after Stonewall and the first pride parade on the street on which the Stonewall Inn is located: Christopher Street. This website was very helpful in researching my short term effects, or the immediate effects of the Stonewall Riots, and how the homosexual community took responsibility onto themselves to take back their rights. I used several pictures from this website in my short term effects.
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1965 homosexual protest in Washington D.C. Photograph. The Washington Post. <http://www.washingtonpost.com/rf/image_606w/WashingtonPost/Content/Blogs/thebuzz/201105/Images/kameny1950s.JPG?uuid=Fwp7XnpOEeCkCHJLnYQLog>.& After the landmark Supreme Court decision in the case Brown v. Board of Education, minority groups all over America began taking responsibility to regain their rights, taking advantage of the apparent changing mindset of the United States. The homosexuals of America attempted to take advantage of this drastic change in America at the time, but their pleas were widely unheard. This is an image of a protest by homosexuals during this period of change. This image helped me see how the homosexuals were taking responsibility to begin gaining their human rights. I used this image to illustrate the disrespected pleas of the homosexuals of the United States as a part of the countrywide movement by oppressed minorities for their civil rights.&
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Off the Straight & Narrow - Lesbian, Gays, Bisexuals & Television. Produced by Katherine Sender and Sut Jhally. Directed by Katherine Sender. Narrated by C. A. Griffith. 1998.& There has been a drastic change in society's perception of homosexuals since the Stonewall Riots and the subsequent homosexual rights movement. One of the most apparent sources of changes in society is what is broadcasted on television; this movie, about the change in the amount of homosexuality portrayed on television, directly contrasts the television clips I presented in my website that denounced homosexuals. This movie helped me see how drastic the changes were in society's perception of homosexuality since the Stonewall Riots.&
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Outed - Sexual Identity in America. "Outed - Sexual Identity in America." BackStory with the American History Guys - Virginia Foundation for the Humanities. First broadcast January 31, 2014.& This is a radio broadcast about sexual identity, specifically homosexuals, and their history in America. It told about the beginnings of the homosexual rights movement, and why the homosexual rights movement was necessary in the first place. This radio broadcast helped me see why the homosexuals had to take responsibility to regain their human rights; the heterosexual community restricted the homosexuals' rights previous to the Stonewall Riots. &
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outhistory.org. <http://outhistory.org/>.& This site was recommended to me by John D'Emilio as an excellent source for research on my topic. This website is very helpful in finding information about the history of homosexuals in America, and it offers great sources such as pictures, digitized magazines, and many other sources. This website helped me further my research of my topic in most all areas.&

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PBS. "Timeline: Milestones in the American Gay Rights Movement." American Experience. Accessed February 11, 2014. <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/timeline/stonewall/>.& This is a timeline of homosexual rights in America, including the beginnings of the fight for human rights of homosexuals in America and the strongest ignition of the movement following the Stonewall Riots. This timeline was very helpful for me in looking at my topic in a chronological order of the fight for human rights for homosexuals.&
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Progression of the legality of homosexual marriage in the states of the United States. Photograph. The Wire - The Atlantic. <http://www.thewire.com/static/img/upload/2013/05/09/GayMarriage.gif>.& The legality of homosexual marriage has been an issue recently that has been fought over frequently; it has sparked the majority of the continuing battle between the Christian community and the homosexual community of the United States. This is a moving image displaying the progression of the legality of same-sex marriage in the United States. This moving image helped me see how the law has been changing drastically recently in favor of the legalization of homosexual marriages representing the fight for equal rights by homosexuals sparked by the Stonewall Riots. I used this moving image to illustrate the changing laws of the United States regarding the legality of same-sex unions.&
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Queens Liberation Front rally. Photograph. Ehipassiko. <http://www.cristanwilliams.com/b/wpcontent/uploads/2013/05/QueensLiberationFront-NY-1973.jpg>.& Immediately following the Stonewall Riots, homosexuals banded together as a community to create an organized fight to gain their basic human rights. One of the groups formed was the Queens Liberation Front, which involved transvestites and transsexuals. This is an image of one of the organization's rallies. This image showed me the beginnings of the homosexual rights movement. I used this image to illustrate one of the organizations formed by homosexuals following the Stonewall Riots to take responsibility to fight for the rights of homosexuals.&
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Radicalesbians protest. Photograph. New York Public Library. <http://webstatic.nypl.org/exhibitions/1969/images/large/1582182.jpg>.& The homosexual activist group Radicalesbians was a group formed within the Gay Liberation Front to focus on lesbians and lesbian rights. They were relatively short lived, but made them known by disrupting a Congress session as a form of protest. This is an image of a member of Radicalesbians. This image gave me insight onto the fight for civil rights by homosexuals. I used this image to illustrate one of the immediate reactions of the Stonewall Riots to fight for the human rights of homosexuals.&
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Remembering Stonewall. Weekend All Things Considered. First broadcast July 1, 1989. Produced by David Isay, Michael Scherker, and Amy Goodman.& This is a radio broadcast including multitudes of firsthand accounts of the Stonewall Riots. This radio broadcast gave me multiple valuable insights from both sides of the Stonewall Riots, including the position of the police and the position of the rioters. It helped me wrap my head around the Stonewall Riots as a whole.&

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Screaming Queens: The Riot at Compton's Cafeteria. Directed by Victor Silverman and Susan Stryker. Frameline, 2005.& This movie was about how, previous to the Stonewall Riots, homosexuals were treated unfairly by the majority of the heterosexual society, particularly the police. The police performed frequent raids on homosexual establishments to unfairly persecute homosexuals for unrelated charges such as "public indecency" for cross-dressing or "disturbing public peace" for dancing with a member of their same sex. One raid at Compton's Cafeteria in San Francisco, California led to a large protest of the homosexual patrons of the establishment against unfair treatment by police. This was one of the first fights by homosexuals against their rights being disregarded or not given. This movie detailed the Compton's Cafeteria Riot and events leading up to the riot as well as events becoming of the riot. It helped me learn about actions taken by homosexuals previous to the Stonewall Riots and the official beginning of the homosexual rights movement.&
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"Sexual Orientation Discrimination: Your Rights." Nolo. <http://www.nolo.com/legalencyclopedia/sexual-orientation-discrimination-rights-29541.html>.& An issue that continues to plague the homosexual community to this day is workplace discrimination, or being able to not hire someone based on their sexual preference or gender identity. This website details the rights homosexuals have if they are a victim of workplace discrimination of homosexuals. This helped me learn about how homosexuals still face some of the discrimination they faced in the 1950s and 1960s in America.&
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Seymour Pine. Photograph. Project Q Atlanta. <http://www.projectqatlanta.com/images/uploads/Seymour_Pine.jpg>.& Seymour Pine was the head police officer of the New York City police that raided the Stonewall Inn, sparking the Stonewall Riots. This is an image of Seymour Pine. This image showed me what Seymour Pine looked like and helped me more effectively illustrate the Stonewall Riots. I used this image to illustrate the police officer that raided the Stonewall Inn, sparking the riots that began the homosexual human rights movement.&
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States that have no workplace protection for LGBT people and States that have protections that only cover sexual orientation. Photograph. The Huffington Post. <http://i.huffpost.com/gen/1184700/thumbs/o-EMPLOYMENTNONDISCRIMINATION-ACT-facebook.jpg>.& One of the issues that continues to face the homosexual community in the United States is the issue of the legality of workplace discrimination of homosexuals. This is a map of the states that have no workplace protection for homosexuals and states that have protections that only cover sexual orientation. This map helped me see that the homosexual community continues to fight for their rights and why they still have to. I used this image to illustrate a part of the ongoing struggle of the fight for the human rights of homosexuals: the legality of workplace discrimination against homosexuals.
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Stonewall Inn. Photograph. Tacoma Weekly. <http://www.tacomaweekly.com/assets/tacomaweekly/upload/article/7-612_C3_stonewall_inn.JPG>.& This is an image of the Stonewall Inn immediately after the riots between police officers and the homosexual patrons of the bar subsided. This image shows me where the Stonewall Riots took place, but it also has evidence of the damage caused by the riots including a smashed window. I used this photograph to illustrate the Stonewall Inn, the site of the beginning of the homosexual human rights movement.&
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"STONEWALL RIOTS (CQ00674)." F.I.L.M. Archives. Video file, 00:46. Accessed January 30, 2014. <http://fastimages.net/films/clip.jsp?id=57361>.& This is a video of the Stonewall Riots themselves. There is little official documentation, such as video or photographs, of the Stonewall Riots. This is one of the few sources of media taken from the Stonewall Riots; it is a video clip of the riots themselves. Other protests held previously had been peaceful and had been carried out in an attempt to gain respect. This was the first particularly violent riot; its intensity was important to its importance and significance. This video was helpful in me understanding what the homosexuals did to fight back against the police on that night, and that these actions were so different than actions taken previously. I used a portion of this clip in my website to illustrate the riots themselves and to help the viewer of my website understand the actions homosexuals took against the police on that night, and that these actions differed from others previous. &
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Stonewall Riots rioters. Photograph. Racontours. <http://www.racontrs.com/wpcontent/uploads/2011/10/stonewalluprising01.jpg>.& This is an image of rioters at Stonewall in a confrontation with police. This image helped me see the caliber of the riots and how violent the riots were at sometimes. The Stonewall Riots was the first demonstration held by homosexuals that was particularly violent. This image helped me see this violence. I used this image to illustrate the people that sparked the ongoing movement to gain basic civil rights for the homosexuals of the United States.&
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Sweet Transvestite Action Revolutionaries demonstration. Photograph. New York Public Library. <http://web-static.nypl.org/exhibitions/1969/images/large/1582220.jpg>.& Following the Stonewall Riots, the homosexuals of the United States banded together in activist groups; the transsexuals and transvestites of the United States formed some of their own groups, one of which was the Sweet Transvestites Action Revolutionaries. This is an image of a demonstration carried out by the organization. This image helped me see how the homosexual community banded together in organizations to take responsibility for their rights. I used this image to illustrate an organization formed as a response to the Stonewall Riots that fought for the human rights of homosexuals.
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"Witness - Stonewall Riots." BBC iPlayer. Audio file, 9:00. Accessed January 30, 2014. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/p0087s22/Witness_Stonewall_Riots/>.& This is a radio broadcast that included an interview of a participant of the Stonewall Riots. The Stonewall Riots were integral in the beginning of the homosexual rights movement. The riots didn't last just one night, but, rather, they lasted over the course of several nights. During this duration the riots gained multiple homosexual participants living in Greenwich Village and surrounding areas joined the fight at the Stonewall Inn that would soon start the homosexual rights movement. This radio broadcast was an interview with a participant of the Stonewall Riots. This radio broadcast gave me valuable insight into the nights of the Stonewall Riots.&
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