Copyright 2002 by Advanced Placement Strategies, Inc. All rights reserved. Used under license by Laying the Foundation, Inc. www.layingthefoundation.org
advent AD vent a coming or arrival Synonyms >> Antonym >> departure, demise The children anxiously awaited the advent of summer. 1. Derivatives >> advential, adventism, adventist advocacy AD vuh cuh see support of an idea or cause Synonyms >> Antonym >> opposition The nominee's advocacy of higher taxes may have cost him the election. 2. Derivatives >> advocate, advocator, advocatory, advocated, advocating allusion uh LOO shun implied or indirect reference; hinting at Synonyms >> Antonym >> Her allusion to the literary figure made the point she wanted. 3. Derivatives >> allusions, allude, alluded aloof uh LOOF apart, indifferent Synonyms >> detached, incurious, unconcerned Antonym >> integrated; friendly The woman remained aloof during the party, separating herself from everyone else. 4. Derivatives >> aloofness apathy AP uh thee a lack of concern or feeling, indifference Synonyms >> phlegm, stoicism, stolidness Antonym >> enthusiastic devotion The man looked upon the turn of events with apathy. 5. Derivatives >> apathetic, apathetical, apathetically assuage uh SWAYJ to ease, to mitigate, to make less painful or burdensome, to calm Synonyms >> allay, alleviate, lighten, soothe Antonym >> to irritate; to intensify Your kind words should assuage her suffering. The medicine should assuage his pain. 6. Derivatives >> assuaged, assuaging, assuagement, assuager astute uh STOOT shrewd, perspicacious, perceptive Synonyms >> sagacious Antonym >> undiscerning One must be astute to do a geometry proof. 7. Derivatives >> astutely, astuteness baleful BALE ful destructive, deadly Synonyms >> malign, sinister Antonym >> benign War is a baleful experience for many. 8. Derivatives >> bale, balefully, balefulness baseness BASE ness the quality of lacking higher values Synonyms >> vileness, servility, unworthiness Antonym >> We were shocked at the criminal's baseness. 9. Derivatives >> base, baser, basest, basely baseness BASE nes the quality of lacking higher values Synonyms >> vileness, servility, unworthiness Antonym >> We were shocked at the baseness of the criminal. 10. Derivatives >> base, baser, basest, basely bauble BAH bul something bright and showy, sometimes expensive but usually of little use Synonyms >> trinket, trifle Antonym >> After he kissed her, he put the bauble around her neck. 11. Derivatives >> baubles, baubling Across Five Aprils Definitions Copyright 2002 by Advanced Placement Strategies, Inc. All rights reserved. Used under license by Laying the Foundation, Inc. www.layingthefoundation.org belligerent buh LIJ er unt waging war; inclined to or exhibiting assertiveness Synonyms >> bellicose, pugnacious, combative, contentious, quarrelsome Antonym >> peaceful A belligerent nation always seems to be at war. 12. Derivatives >> belligerence, belligerency, belligerently buoyant BOY unt capable of floating; cheerful Synonyms >> Antonym >> likely to sink Because the log was buoyant, it stayed afloat. The girl's buoyant spirit made her pleasant company. 13. Derivatives >> buoyancy, buoyance, buoyantly, buoyantness, buoy caustic KAW stik sarcastically biting, acrid Synonyms >> mordant, scathing Antonym >> kind; gentle Critics are known for their caustic remarks about movies that they do not like. 14. Derivatives >> caustically, causticity chagrin shuh GRIN vexation through humiliation, hurt pride, or disappointment Synonyms >> trouble, grief Antonym >> self-satisfaction The chagrin the girl felt as a result of her abject poverty kept her from associating with her school peers. 15. Derivatives >> chagrined, chagrining, chagrins clemency KLEM un see leniency Synonyms >> Antonym >> harshness Governors are usually allowed to grant clemency to deserving prisoners. 16. Derivatives >> clemencies, clement, clemently compatriot kum PAY tree ut a fellow countryman Synonyms >> Antonym >> traitor The Lewis and Clark expedition was a journey of two compatriots exploring the unknown regions. 17. Derivatives >> compatriotism constrict kun STRIKT to tighten or to make narrow Synonyms >> compress, condense, contract, deflate Antonym >> to distend Strangling constricts the windpipe and keeps air from reaching the lungs. 18. Derivatives >> constriction, constrictive, constrictor, constricted, constricting contempt kun TEMPT scorn, extreme dislike or disdain Synonyms >> despicableness, pitiableness, scurviness Antonym >> respect The man treated the gossiping woman with contempt; talking about other people was beneath his dignity. 19. Derivatives >> contemptible, contemptuous credulous KREJ uh lus believing on slight evidence, gullible Synonyms >> Antonym >> suspicious Because the lady's horoscope said that she should stay inside, the credulous woman did not go to work. 20. Derivatives >> credulously, credulousness, credulity cynical SIN uh kul given to faultfinding, sneering, and sarcasm; exhibiting mocking disbelief Synonyms >> misanthropic, pessimistic, misogynic Antonym >> Some people are so cynical they sneer at everything that would make life worthwhile. 21. Derivatives >> cynic, cynically, cynicism desolate DES uh lit deserted, without inhabitants, barren Synonyms >> Antonym >> populous Some of the western states have large areas that are desolate. 22. Derivatives >> desolately, desolateness, desolater, desolating, desolation despairing deh SPARE ing hopeless, despondent, discouraged Synonyms >> Antonym >> hopeful The woman's despairing tears touched the hearts of many. 23. Derivatives >> despair, despaired, despairful, despairfully, despairingly, despairingness din DEN loud and discordant noises, cacophony Synonyms >> Antonym >> euphony The din in the senate was so great that I could not hear the speaker. 24. Derivatives >> dins, dinned, dinning dissipation dis uh PAY shun wasteful spending, squandering Synonyms >> Antonym >> collection Even though he inherited a million dollars, I expect quick dissipation of his fortune. 25. Derivatives >> dissipate, dissipated, dissipatedly, dissipatedness, dissipater, dissipative Copyright 2002 by Advanced Placement Strategies, Inc. All rights reserved. Used under license by Laying the Foundation, Inc. www.layingthefoundation.org dissuade deh SWADE to advise against, to talk out of Synonyms >> Antonym >> to persuade, to encourage I tried to dissuade him from going over Niagara Falls in a barrel, but he would not listen. 26. Derivatives >> dissuadable, dissuasion, dissuasive, dissuasively, dissuasiveness elicit eh LIS it to bring out a response, to evoke Synonyms >> educe, extort, extract Antonym >> to inhibit I would like to elicit your participation in the blood drive. 27. Derivatives >> elicitable, elicitate, elicitation embellish em BEL ish to decorate, to make beautiful with ornamentation Synonyms >> deck, garnish, ornament, adorn Antonym >> to abbreviate He would embellish his narratives with anecdotes about famous people. 28. Derivatives >> embellisher, embellishment entrench en TRENCH to fix firmly; to encroach Synonyms >> Antonym >> to disestablish These formulas should be firmly entrenched in your mind before the test. 29. Derivatives >> entrenched, entrenchment feint FAYNT a false appearance, a fake punch to occupy defenses allowing a real blow. Synonyms >> artifice, ruse, stratagem, trick, wile Antonym >> Fooled by his opponent's feint, the boxer dropped his guard and was knocked down. 30. Derivatives >> feign, feigned, feigning, feignedly, feigner furrow FUR ow to make wrinkles or grooves Synonyms >> Antonym >> to make plain The man's furrowed brow showed his deep concern. 31. Derivatives >> furrowed, furrowing gravity GRAV eh tee seriousness, importance Synonyms >> earnestness, sedateness, sobriety, solemnity, staidness Antonym >> unimportance The gravity of the situation was heightened by the death of the president . 32. Derivatives >> grave, graver, gravely hilarity heh LAR eh tee boisterous merriment, mirth Synonyms >> glee, jollity Antonym >> gloominess The party was marked by great hilarity. 33. Derivatives >> hilarious, hilariously, hilariousness impudent IM pyuh dunt disrespectful, characterized by improper bold behavior Synonyms >> Antonym >> respectful The student's impudent act of using profanity toward Mrs. Dove caused him to be expelled. 34. Derivatives >> impudence, impudency, impudently, impudentness, impudicity ineptness in EPT nes lack of competence or judgment Synonyms >> gauche, maladroit Antonym >> expertise The evidence of his ineptness as a coach is his poor win-loss record. 35. Derivatives >> inept, ineptly, ineptitude interminable in TUR mun uh bul having or seeming to have no end, wearisomely protracted Synonyms >> Antonym >> short and limited Although the reading assignment was only ten pages, it seemed interminable to the bored student. 36. Derivatives >> interminability, interminableness, interminably, interminate invective in VEK tiv critical or abusive language; violent abuse Synonyms >> vituperation, obloquy, scurrility, billingsgate Antonym >> liberal praise As his anger mounted, slander and invective poured from his mouth. 37. Derivatives >> invectively, invectives jubilee JOO buh lee a period of rejoicing Synonyms >> Antonym >> season of mourning The year of jubilee was a time of happiness and celebrating. 38. Derivatives >> jubilance, jubilant, jubilantly, jubilarian, jubilate, jubilation, jubilize lament luh MENT to mourn or to express sorrow in a demonstrative manner Synonyms >> bemoan, bewail, deplore Antonym >> to rejoice She lamented the death of her father in a very lachrymose manner. 39. Derivatives >> lamented, lamenting, lamentation, lamentable Copyright 2002 by Advanced Placement Strategies, Inc. All rights reserved. Used under license by Laying the Foundation, Inc. www.layingthefoundation.org malice MAL is desire to harm others Synonyms >> malevolence, malignity, spite, spleen Antonym >> concern His death was caused by malice and was not accidental. 40. Derivatives >> maliceful, malicious, maliciously, maliciousness melancholy MEL un kol ee depression of spirits Synonyms >> Antonym >> happiness After Dad lost his job, he fell into a state of melancholy. 41. Derivatives >> melancholia, melancholic, melancholiac, melancholically, melancholily, melancholiness, melancholious monotony moh NOT uh nee sameness Synonyms >> Antonym >> diversity There is so much monotony in my life that I need a change 42. Derivatives >> monotoness, monotonous, monotonously, monotonousness, monotonist nullify NUL eh fie to cause not to be in effect, to negate Synonyms >> abrogate, annul, invalidate Antonym >> to make effective I am seeking to nullify the contract because he has not complied with it. 43. Derivatives >> nullified, nullifying, nullification, nullificationist, nullificator, nullifier obscure ub SKYOOR difficult to see, vague Synonyms >> abstruse, ambiguous, cryptic, enigmatic, equivocal, recondite Antonym >> clear; apparent Because the meaning of the play was obscure, I was unable to enjoy it. 44. Derivatives >> obscuration, obscurative, obscuredly, obscurely, obscurement, obscureness, obscurity ominous OM uh nus threatening Synonyms >> fateful, portentous Antonym >> harmless; non-threatening The ominous clouds were harbingers of the tornado. 45. Derivatives >> ominously, ominousness parry PAIR ee to deflect or to ward off a blow Synonyms >> Antonym >> The champion boxer won the match because he was able to parry his opponent's blows so successfully. 46. Derivatives >> parried, parrying plaintive PLANE tiv mournful and expressing sorrow Synonyms >> Antonym >> joyful The dog moaned in a plaintive manner when her puppies were taken. 47. Derivatives >> plaintively, plaintiveness precarious pre KARE ee us dangerous, risky, not a secure situation Synonyms >> Antonym >> safe It seems that a tightrope walker is often in a precarious situation. 48. Derivatives >> precariously, precariousness prestige pres TEEGH a high standing or reputation; influence Synonyms >> Antonym >> lack of influence There is a lot of prestige attached to graduating from that college. 49. Derivatives >> prestigious, prestigiously, prestigiousness raucous RAH kus loud and boisterous, harsh, disorderly Synonyms >> stentorian, strident Antonym >> quiet; mild The raucous crowd at the fight threw chairs into the ring to show disagreement with the decision. 50. Derivatives >> raucously, raucousness, raucid, raucity reiterate ree IT uh rate to repeat Synonyms >> Antonym >> to fail to repeat I hope that I am not becoming redundant by again reiterating the key facts. 51. Derivatives >> reiteration, reiteratedly, reiterative, reiteratively relegate REL uh gate to assign to an inferior position Synonyms >> Antonym >> to promote The veteran ball player knew it was time to retire when he was relegated to sitting on the bench. 52. Derivatives >> relegation, relegable, relegates, relegated, relegating retraction reh TRAK shun the act of taking back or disavowing Synonyms >> abjure, forswear, recant, renounce Antonym >> reaffirmation He maintained that his story was true and refused to offer a retraction. 53. Derivatives >> retractable, retract, retractile, retractor Copyright 2002 by Advanced Placement Strategies, Inc. All rights reserved. Used under license by Laying the Foundation, Inc. www.layingthefoundation.org revile reh VILE to subject to verbal abuse Synonyms >> upbraid, berate, rail at, vituperate, scold Antonym >> to praise; to acclaim The woman began to revile her husband in a fit of anger. 54. Derivatives >> reviled, reviling, revilement, reviler, revilingly rhetoric RET ur ik the art of using words effectively in speaking or writing; inflated language Synonyms >> verbosity, bombast; discourse, speech Antonym >> Freshman composition is a course in rhetoric. 55. Derivatives >> rhetorical, rhetorically, rhetoricalness, rhetoricate, rhetorician, rhetorize ruffianism RUF ee un is um rowdy or tough behavior Synonyms >> Antonym >> gentle behavior The ruffianism of the boys in school did not go unnoticed by their angry principal. 56. Derivatives >> ruffian, ruffianish, ruffianize, ruffianly savory SAY vuh ree appetizing Synonyms >> palatable, toothsome Antonym >> unappetizing My mother is known for her savory meals. 57. Derivatives >> savor, savored, savorer, savorily, savoriness, savoringly, savorous, savorsome stoic STOW ik a stoical person; not showing passion or feeling, indifference, impassive Synonyms >> apathetic, phlegmatic, stolid Antonym >> impassioned; ardent The umpire remained quite stoic despite the manager's screaming and the intense booing of the crowd. 58. Derivatives >> stoical, stoically, stoicism strident STRIDE unt loud and harsh sounding Synonyms >> raucous, stentorian, boisterous, clamorous, obstreperous Antonym >> soft and pleasant The teacher used a strident voice when reprimanding a student. 59. Derivatives >> stridently tacit TAS it understood, silent, not spoken, implicit Synonyms >> Antonym >> spoken; verbalized We have a tacit agreement that the goods are delivered only after payment is made. 60. Derivatives >> tacitly, tacitness, taciturn tenacious teh NAY shus persistent, holding fast to a position Synonyms >> mettlesome, resolved Antonym >> fickle England was tenacious in its desire not to fall to the Germans. 61. Derivatives >> tenaciously, tenaciousness, tenacity utter UT ur to express by speaking Synonyms >> Antonym >> to leave unspoken The teacher told me not to utter another word. 62. Derivatives >> utters, uttered, uttering, utterance vehement VEE uh munt forcefully expressing emotion or conviction Synonyms >> Antonym >> meek He vehemently denied that he had said those harsh words. 63. Derivatives >> vehemence, vehemency, vehemently vexation vek SAY shun discomfort or distress Synonyms >> Antonym >> pleasantry The young children were a source of vexation to their nervous, neurotic mother. 64. Derivatives >> vex, vexatious, vexedly, vexedness, vexingly vindictive vin DIK tiv revengeful, spiteful Synonyms >> Antonym >> loving; forgiving You should be more forgiving and less vindictive. 65. Derivatives >> vindicated, vindication, vindicative, vindicator, vindicatory, vindictive, vindictively, vindictiveness vivid VIV id bright, distinct, and clear Synonyms >> graphic Antonym >> lackluster I have vivid memories of my trip to Europe. 66. Derivatives >> vividly, vividness, vividity, vivific, vivificate, vivification, vivifier, vivify wan WAHN very pale and sickly Synonyms >> Antonym >> full of vitality I knew that something very serious was wrong by his wan appearance. 67. Derivatives >> wanned, wanning Copyright 2002 by Advanced Placement Strategies, Inc. All rights reserved. Used under license by Laying the Foundation, Inc. www.layingthefoundation.org Across Five Aprils by Irene Hunt 2 Copyright 2002 by Advanced Placement Strategies, Inc. All rights reserved. Used under license by Laying the Foundation, Inc. www.layingthefoundation.org Across Five Aprils by Irene Hunt 51. compatriots 52. contemptuous 53. inept 54. wan 55. utterances 56. vindictive 57. clemency 58. relegated 59. obscurity 60. invective 61. rhetorically 62. cynically 63. advent 64. jubilantly 65. retraction 66. advocate 67. lament 34. assuaged 35. malice 36. hilarity 37. baubles 38. tenacious 39. ruffians 40. embellished 41. entrench 42. prestige 43. revile 44. dissuaded 45. vivid 46. vex 47. interminable 48. impudent 49. reiterated 50. gravity 17. despairing 18. allusion 19. balefully 20. savored 21. constriction 22. precariously 23. stoic 24. wistfully 25. dissipated 26. belligerently 27. astute 28. caustically 29. tacit 30. plaintive 31. ominous 32. raucous 33. chagrin 1. apathy 2. melancholy 3. aloofness 4. elicited 5. buoyancy 6. monotony 7. furrow 8. feint 9. parry 10. vehement 11. credulous 12. strident 13. din 14. baser 15. nullification 16. desolate These words which appear in Across Five Aprils have been identified as words or derivatives of words that have appeared on past SAT tests. They are listed here in the order in which they appear in the novel. These words which appear in Across Five Aprils have been identified as words or derivatives of words that have appeared on past SAT tests. They are listed here in alphabetical order. 1. advent 2. advocate 3. allusion 4. aloofness 5. apathy 6. assuaged 7. astute 8. balefully 9. baser 10. baubles 11. belligerently 12. buoyancy 13. caustically 14. chagrin 15. clemency 16. compatriots 17. constriction 18. contemptuous 19. credulous 20. cynically 21. desolate 22. despairing 23. din 24. dissipated 25. dissuaded 26. elicited 27. embellished 28. entrench 29. feint 30. furrow 31. gravity 32. hilarity 33. impudent 34. inept 35. interminable 36. invective 37. jubilantly 38. lament 39. malice 40. melancholy 41. monotony 42. nullification 43. obscurity 44. ominous 45. parry 46. plaintive 47. precariously 48. prestige 49. raucous 50. reiterated 51. relegated 52. revile 53. rhetorically 54. retraction 55. ruffians 56. savored 57. stoic 58. strident 59. tacit 60. tenacity 61. utterances 62. vehement 63. vex 64. vindictiveness 65. vivid 66. wan 67. wistfully Copyright 2002 by Advanced Placement Strategies, Inc. All rights reserved. Used under license by Laying the Foundation, Inc. www.layingthefoundation.org Directions: Match the word in the left column with the correct definition in the right column. Exercise A 1. advent 2. advocate 3. allusion 4. aloof 5. apathy 6. assuaged 7. astute 8. balefully 9. baseness 10. bauble Exercise B 11. belligerent 12. buoyant 13. caustically 14. chagrin 15. clemency 16. compatriots 17. constrict 18. contempt 19. credulous 20. cynical ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ Vocabulary Test 1 Across Five Aprils by Irene Hunt a. a coming or arrival b. shrewd, perspicacious, perceptive c. apart, indifferent d. lack of concern or feeling, indifference e. destructively, deadly f. implied or indirect reference, hinting at g. something bright and showy h. to support an idea or cause i. the quality of lacking higher values j. eased, mitigated, made less painful k. vexation through humiliation, hurt pride, or disappointment l. scorn, extreme dislike or disdain m. capable of floating; cheerful n. believing on slight evidence, gullible o. to tighten or make narrow p. sarcastically biting, acridly q. given to faultfinding, sneering, sarcasm r. fellow countrymen s. waging war; inclined to or exhibiting assertiveness t. leniency Copyright 2002 by Advanced Placement Strategies, Inc. All rights reserved. Used under license by Laying the Foundation, Inc. www.layingthefoundation.org by Irene Hunt Across Five Aprils 1. a desolate area a. deserted b. large c. populated d. landscaped 2. a woman's despairing tears a. insincere b. hopeless c. happy d. flowing 3. an annoying din a. argument b. unrelenting pain c. discordant noise d. group of small boys 4. a dissipation of funds a. hoarding b. foolish spending c. borrowing d. difficulty in earning 5. dissuade a. persuade b. disscuss arrangements c. study d. to advise against 6. to elicit a response a. discourage b. to bring out c. understand d. be surprised at 7. to embellish one's handwriting a. decorate b. practice c. disguise d. forge 8. to entrench an idea in your mind a. remove b. fix firmly c. study d. debate 9. feint a. dislike b. anger c. nonchalance d. false appearance 10. a furrowed brow a. dirty and grimy b. worried c. wrinkled d. dignified 11. the gravity of a situation a. reality b. seriousness c. lightheartedness d. mystery 12. to be overcome with hilarity a. sorrow b. mirth c. gas fumes d. a crowd of unruly people 13. an impudent child a. disrespectful b. grateful c. intelligent d. shy 14. the ineptness of an employee a. manners b. resume c. lack of competence d. experience 15. an interminable project a. important b. endless c. new d. diffficult 16. to utter invective a. quiet whispers b. gossip c. abusive language d. prayers 17. jubilee a. barbeque b. sports event c. funeral d. period of rejoicing 18. to lament someone's death a. cause b. express sorrow c. prevent d. witness 19. to act with malice a. a desire to harm others b. talent c. surprise d. compassion 20. a melancholy song a. joyful b. rhythmic c. depressed d. musical ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ Vocabulary Test 2 Directions: Choose the letter of the definition that best fits the meaning of the word in bold type. Copyright 2002 by Advanced Placement Strategies, Inc. All rights reserved. Used under license by Laying the Foundation, Inc. www.layingthefoundation.org Directions: Match the word in the left column with the correct definition in the right column. a. threatening b. to repeat c. to deflect or ward off a blow d. sameness e. mournful and expressing sorrow f. dangerous, risky, not a secure situation g. to cause not to be in effect; to negate; to abrogate h. loud and boisterous, harsh, disorderly i. a high standing or reputation, influence j. difficult to see, vague a. rowdy or tough behavior b. persistent, holding fast to a position c. inflated language d. to assign to an inferior position e. understood; silent, not spoken; implicit f. loud and harsh sounding g. the act of taking back or disavowing h. not showing passion or feeling; indifferent, passive i. to subject to verbal abuse j. appetizing a. very forceful in expression of emotion or conviction b. very pale and sickly c. something that causes discomfort or distress d. having unfulfilled longing or yearning e. to express by speaking f. revengeful, spiteful g. bright, distinct, and clear Exercise A 1. monotony 2. nullify 3. obscure 4. ominous 5. parry 6. plaintive 7. precarious 8. prestige 9. raucous 10. reiterate Exercise B 11. relegate 12. retraction 13. revile 14. rhetoric 15. ruffianism 16. savory 17. stoic 18. strident 19. tacit 20. tenacious Exercise C 21. utter 22. vehement 23. vexation 24. vindictive 25. vivid 26. wan 27. wistful ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ Vocabulary Test 3 Across Five Aprils by Irene Hunt Copyright 2002 by Advanced Placement Strategies, Inc. All rights reserved. Used under license by Laying the Foundation, Inc. www.layingthefoundation.org Vocabulary Test 2 Vocabulary Test 3 1. a 2. b 3. c 4. b 5. d 6. b 7. a 8. b 9. d 10. c 11. b 12. b 13. a 14. c 15. b 16. c 17. d 18. b 19. a 20. c 1. d 2. g 3. j 4. a 5. c 6. e 7. f 8. i 9. h 10. b 11. d 12. g 13. i 14. c 15. a 16. j 17. h 18. f 19. e 20. b 21. e 22. a 23. c 24. f 25. g 26. b 27. d Across Five Aprils by Irene Hunt 1. a 2. h 3. f 4. c 5. d 6. j 7. b 8. e 9. i 10. g 11. s 12. m 13. p 14. k 15. t 16. r 17. o 18. l 19. n 20. q Vocabulary Test 1 Copyright 2002 by Advanced Placement Strategies, Inc. All rights reserved. Used under license by Laying the Foundation, Inc. www.layingthefoundation.org