9

$+

Density of Liquefied Natural Gas

Robert H. Jensen, U. of Krmsas
Fred Kurata, SPE-AIME, U. of Kansas

Introduction
Liquefied natural gas, LNG, is being handled in increasing quantities, and a reliable and convenient
method of determining LNG density is desired. If a
composition analysis is available, the correlations of
Harmens*2 and of Lyckman, Eckert, and Prausrdtzg
may be used to calculate LNG density.
Harmens correlation was developed for the density of pure light hydrocarbon liquids at saturation
and for the density of mixtures of such hydrocarbons,
particularly of LNG, In the correlation, Eq. 1 is used
to calculate liquid densi~:
p=c

Or(Tr).

(1)

C and F(T,) were tabulated by Harmens. C is an

empirical density constant, and F( T~) is Harmens
generalized density function. T, is reduced temperature, T/ T,, To apply the correlation to mixtures,
mixing rules were givenl2 to compute C and Tc from
mixture composition and pure component values.
In the correlation of Lyckrnan, Eckert, and Prausnitz, reduced saturated volume v, is given as a quadratic function of acentric factor:
v~ = v/vc = v,(o) + @vf(l) + Uzvr(z) . (2)
p= M/v,

(3)

where v is molar volume, VCis critical molar volume,

and M is mol cular weight. The generalized functions
of reduce / temperature V~(0)j V~(*)~ad vr(z)) were

tabulated by Lyckman, et al., in the range T, = 0.560

to T, = 0.990. Chueh and Prausnitz4 fitted the tabulated values to Eq. 4 and provided the coefficients
@ to f(~).

+ e(~)/T, + j(~)ln(l -T,)

(4)

Eq. 4 is valid for reduced temperatures from 0,560 to

0.995. Mixing rules were suggested by Chueh and
Prausnitz to calculate pseudocritical volume and temperature, and mixture acentric factor, for application
of the correlation to mixtures of known composition.
In using the foregoing correlations, a composition
analysis is required, and mixture pseudo constants
must be calculated. To provide an easier and quicker
procedure for the man in the field, a study was undertaken to correlate LNG density as a function of three
measurable properties: tempera~re, pressure, and
the gas gravity of gasified LNG. A technician can
make these measurements routinely with commercially available equipment.

Theory
To derive the LNG density correlation, equations are
required for computing ternary mixture compositions, gas gravities, and liquid densities at fixed temperatures and pressures.
If the vapor phase over an ideal solution behaves

An experimentally derived tabular correlation for LNG density as a function of

temperature, pressure, and gas gravity has been designed for use in the field. The
advantages of this correlation are that a gas gravity analysis is more easily obtained
than a composition analysis and that density is determined by direct interpolation
of the gas gravity tables.
JUNE, 1969

683

as a perfect gas, Raoults law is obeyed by each

component: 5
Pi =xiPoi

(5)

Total pressure over a solution is the sum of the partial pressures, and liquid phase non-idealities are accounted for by activity coefficients:

Ternary mixture excess specific volume is assumed

equal to the weighted average of the excess specific
volumes of the two methane-containing bkary mixtures at the same temperature and weight fraction
methane:
VE1:,:, = (V,:j

1) +

(lx,
For a binary methane-nitrogen mixture, total pressure is written in terms of mole fraction nitrogen, x5:
P =

y,

PO, + (y,Po,

y,Po, )x5 .

P = y,x,Po,

+ y,xJPo, + yjxjPoj ., . j =2, 3,4

.

..$

(8)

At the low temperatures involved in this study, the

vapor pressures of ethane, propane, and n-butane are
negligible. The third term in Eq. 8 is therefore set
equal to zero. Solving for X5and x,:
x, = (P y,xlPo,)/y,Po,
Xj

=l

X,-X,.

(9)

(lo)

To compute an equilibrium ternary composition for

a mixture containing methane, nitrogen, and either
ethane, propane, or n-butane as the third component,
at a fixed temperature and pressure, mole fraction
methane xl is assumed; y, and y~ are assumed equal
to the binary mixture methane and nitrogen activity
coefficients at that temperature and pressure; and X6
and Xjare calculated from Eqs, 9 and 10, respectively.
If mixture composition is known, gas gravity may
be calculated, Gas gravity is defined as the ratio of
gas density at 60F (520R) and 1 atm to the density
of air at the same conditions, 0,001224 gm/ccc:
G =

= =/0.001224
%/~air

(11)

The ideal gas law is assumed for the gas; and 1 atm,
52001{, and the ideal gas law constant are substituted
into the equation:
G = PM/O.001224RT

= 0.03449xt xiMi .

~J/PJ.
684

Vls,:j =

,j=

2,3,4

(14)

=
pl:j:fi

1/vl,j,5 = I/(;I/p,
+ VE,:j:J.

..j

+ 2j/pj

+ :,/p.

=2,3,4

(15)

Ternary mixture compositions, gas gravities, and

liquid densities, at fixed temperatures and pressures,
may therefore be calculated from Eqs. 9, 10, 12, and
15, respectively,

Description of Equipment
Theexperimental apparatus consisted of three major
parts: a glass equilibrium cell, a low-temperature air
bath, and a constant-temperature injection box. The
last two parts were built by Sinor and were discussed
in detail elsewhere.7*sThe Pyrex glass equilibrium
cell had a volume of approximately 100 cc. Liquid
volume in the cell was determined with a cathetometer, and cell pressure was read with a mercury manometer in inches of Hg to the nearest 0.1 in. Temperatures in the low-temperature bath were measured
and controlled to within Zk0.02C with a platinum
resistance thermometer.
An experimental fluid was injected into the equilibrium cell by a positive displacement piston pump
at a known temperature and pressure. The injected
mass was calculated from the volume displaced by
the pump and from volumetric properties of the fluid
at the pump temperature and pressure. For binary
mixtures, two mixture mmponents were injected into
the cell separately. For the five-component systems,
gaseous mixtures were injected into the cell, The mass
and volume of the vapor phase inside the ce!~were
negligible in comparison with the liquid phase. However, a correction was made for vapor mass when
calculating experimental liquid densities,
An error analysis showed that the maximum expected experimental error in pure component and
binary mixture liquid density measurements was
+0,5 percent; the maximum expected experimental

= 0.03449M
.

(12)

To calculate liquid density from composition, excess specific volumes are utilized. The excess specific
volume, cc/gin, of a binary mixture is equal to actual
specific volume minus ideal solution specific volume:
VE,:J = V,:j

)..

Ternary density is calculated from pure component

and binary mixture densities:

(7)

A plot of P vs x, does not necessarily result in a

straight line, as Eq. 7 indicates, because YIand Y6are
functions of composition. However, a P-x, plot may
be used to find y, and y. by applying Eq. 7 locally to
Px, curves, P and x, values above and below the
pressure at which activity coefficients are desired are
substituted into Eq. 7, and two equations are solved
simultaneously for Y*and YE.Total pressure over a
ternary mixture is given by Eq, 8, where the subscripts 1 and 5 refer to methane and nitrogen, respectively, and the subscript j is equal to either 2, 3, or 4,
referring to ethane, propane, or n-butane, respectively:

VE,:, ;)/

l/pl:j

..j =2,3,4,5

DENSITY OF PURE GRADE METHANE

Composition: 99.39 mole percent CH,, 0.08 moie percent
C,H,, 0.53 mole percent N,. Gas Gravity = 0.5559
Calculated
In!

Hg

.120!0

%pl
.

TABLEILIQUID

(13)

-175,0
-170.0
-161.7
-160.0

1;:;
17.8
35.5
39.0

Experimental
Lfqu~,yl
.
.
0.4492
0.4430
:.:;;:
0:4213

ty

Liquid

Oensl ties,

9 Icc

Thi?
Correlation
%dev
P

Hmens
Correlation
p
%dev

Lyckmans
Correlation
D
%dev

0.4586
0.4464
0.4392
0.4276
0.4247

0.4478
0.4406
0.4334
0.4213
0.4128

0.4412
0,4366
0.4322
0.4246
0.4228

-2.05
-0.76
-0.77
-0.96
-0.$9

+0.31
+0.54
+0.55
+0,50
+0.60

+1.81
+1.47
to.83
-0.28
-0.35

JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY

>

TABLE 2LIQUID DENSITY OF PURE GRADE E1HANE

Composition: 99.80 mole percent C$HS,0.15 mole percent
C,H,,0.05 moie percent Nz. Gas Gravity = 1.0378
LiquidDensities,9 /cc
Harmens
Lyckmans
Correlation
Correlation
0
%dev
o
$dev

TABLE 3-LIQUID
DENSITY OF INSTRUMENT
GRADE PROPANE
Composition: 99.93 mole percent C,H8, 0.07 mole percent
N,, Gas Gravity = 1.5205

Calculated

P
Experimental
in, Hg Llqu:d,~ity

:
-170,0
-160.0
-150.0
-140.0
-130,0
-120.0
-110.0

5,9
6.8
::!
9,9
11.9
15,3

0.6411
0.6318
0,6208
0.6082
0.5970
0.5852
0.6736

0.6433
0,6319
0.6204
0,6086
0.5968
0.5S48
0,5727

-0,34
-0,02
+0.06
-0,07
+0.03
+0.07
+0.16

0.6508
0.6387
0.6270
0.6158
0.6049
0.5944
0.5843

-1.49
-1.08
-0.99
-1.23
-1.31
-1.55
-1,83

error in the five-component experimental densities

was *2.0 percent,
The hydrocarbons used in this work were obtained
from the Phillips Petroleum Co. They were analyz~d
for composition by gas chromatography. The chromatographic analyses are given in Tables 1 through 3
for pure grade methane, pure grade ethane, and instrument grade propane. No impuriti= were found in the
instrument grade n-butane that \ .s used in the fivecomponent mixtures. The analyses are accurate to
1.0 percent of the minor component concentrations.
Water vapor and carbon dioxide were removed from

TABLE 4-LIQUID
other Components:

Experimental
1n! Hg Liqu:d,~f ty

Oc
-180.0
-770.0
4Mg.g
-140:0

<1.0
<10
<7..0
<1.0
<1.0

0,7252
0.7149
0.7041
0.6942
0.6S42

-175.0
-175,0
-175.0
4;;.;
-175:0
-175.0

P
Compositlon
in, Hg mole % C#6

11
;!
j!
!:

:170:0
-170.0
-170.0
-170.0

17
17
17
18

-165.0
-165.0
-165.0
:;;;.;

25
25
26
36
36
37

10.20
10.02
6.94
4.89
:.::
1:06
4.85
;.;;
2;::;

-160:0
-160.0
-160.0
-160.0
-160.0
-160.0
-155.0
-155.0
-165.0
-155.0
~ -1 0.0
-150.0
-150.0
-150.0
-150.0
-150.0
-150.0
-150.0

JUNE, 1969

%
38
39
38
51
52
53
55
71
71
74
75
;;
77
77

::;;
10:23
10.04
6.96
4.90
4.86
;.:;
1:06
0.23
6.96
4.46
1.06
]:.;;
$;;
4;88
4.47
1.42
1.06

0:6049
0.5892
0.5790
0.5770
0.5607
0.6049
0.5892
0.5770
0.5607
0.6050
0.6041
0.5892
:.:;;;
0:5770
;.;::;
0:6050
:* y
0:5607
0.6051
0.6042
0.5892
:.:;;:
0:5771
0.5624
0.5607

-0.17
-0.22
-0.35
-0.33
-0.32

0.7296
0.7168
0.7045
0.6926
0.6810

-0.60
-0.27
-0.06
+0.23
+0,47

Presentation of Data
Experimental liquid densities and pressures are given
in Tables 1 through 7 for pure grade methane, pure
grade ethane, and instrument grade propane; for
methane-ethane, methane-propane, and methane-

DENSITY OF METHANE.ETHANE MiXTURES

13@rC@IIt
N,
0,01 mole percent C,H,,0.51 11IOle

Gas
This
Exper~rnental
Gravity Liqu:d,:mi ty Correlation
%dev
o
0.6049
0.6040
0.5892
0.5792
0.5790
:. y;

0,7264
0,7165
0.7066
0.6965
0,6864

the hydrocarbons by passing them through phosphorus pentoxide and ascarite drying tubes.
High-purity dry nitrogen was obtained from the
Linde Co. The nitrogen had a guaranteed purity of
99.995 percent and a moisture content of less than
15 ppm,

Calculated

CalculatedLiqtsfd
Oensitfes,9 /cc
Hannens
Lyckmans
Correlatf
on
COrrelatfon
%dev
%dev
P
P

0.4729
0.4729
0.4645
0.4584
:.::;;
0:4475
0.4663
0.4573
0.4483
0.4497
0.4403
.4593
0.4506
0.4425
0.4324
0.4523
0.4524
0.4434
0.4368
0.4353
0.4347
0.4263
0.4248
0.4450
0.4362
0.4274
0.41 5
0.4377
0.4284
0.4215
0.4200
0.4202
O*41O7
0.4099

0.4692
0.4686
0.4619
0.4571
0.4572
0.4493
0.4485
0.4622
0.4548
0.4504
0.4491
0.4415
0.4554
0.4481
0.4425
0.4349
0.4478
0.4474
0.4408
0.4360
0.4356
0.4347
;W;i
0:4402
0.4322
0.4276
0.4200
0.4330
0.4326
0.4258
0.4216
0.4215
0.4211
0.4139
0.4133

+0.79
+0.92
+0.56
+0.28
-0.52
-0.27
-0.22
+0;89
+0055
+0047
+0.13
-0.27
+6.86
+0.56
0.00
-0.57
+1.00
+1.12
40.59
+0.18
-0.07
0.00
-0.35
-0.54
+1.09
+0.93
-0.05
-0.60
+1.09
+1.18
+0.61
-0.02
-0.36
-0.21
-0.77
-0.82

l.iqu~d

Densdties,

g.icc.

Harmens
Correlation
Q
%dev

Lyckmans
Correlation
%dev
P

0.4709
0.4704
0.4616
0.4555
0.4554
0.4448
0.4438
0.4641
0.4546
0.4483
0.4471
0.4366
0.4572
0.4476
0.4400
0.4294
0.4502
0.4496
0.4405
0.4342
0.4341
0.4328
0.4232
0.4220
0.4432
0.4333
0.4255
0.4146
0.4360
0.4355
0.4261
0.4196
0.4194
0.4181
0.4081
0.4069

0.4644
0.4639
0.4556
0.4500
0.4499
0.4404
0.4394
0.4597
0.4510
0.4453
0.4442
O:4;~9

+1 .81
+1 .94
+1.94
+1 .87
+1.10
+1 .77
+1086
+1 .43
+1 .40
+0.67
+1 .23
;J;4

0.4465
0.4397
0.4305
0.4506
0.4501
0.4420
0.4365
0.4364
0.4352
0.4267
0.4257
0.4460
0.4370
0.4299
0.4199
0.4406
0.4401
0.4312
0.4252
0.4250
0.4238
0.4144
0.4133

+0:93
+0.64
+0.44
+0.37
+0.50
+0.30
+0.07
-0.25
-0.12
-0.08
-0.19

+0.41
+0.54
+0.63
+0.65
-0.11
+0.74
+0.85
+0.48
+0.60
0.00
+0.57
+0.86
+0.46
+0.68
+0.57
+0.72
+0.46
+0.60
+0.64
+0.59
+0,27
+0.43
+0.75
+0.67
+0.42
+0.65
+0.44
+0.71
+0.38
+0.52
+0.56
+0.46
+0.13
+0.51
+0.63
+0.73

-0.22
-0.21
-0.58
-0057
-0.66
-0.53
-0.65
-0.87
-1.19
-0.84
-0.90
-0.83
685

TABLE 5LIQUID
Other Components:

DENSITV OF METHANE-PROPANE MIXTURES

0.07 mole percent C,H,, 0.50 mole percent N,
Calculated

:
-165.0
-164.0
-162.0
-162.0
-161.7
-160.0
-160.0
-160.0
-159.0
-158.0
-158.0
-158.0
-157.0
-156.0
-156.0
-156.0
-154.0
-154.0
-154.0
-152.0
-152.0
-152.0

in. Hg

Gas
Composition
Experimental
mole % C3H8 Gravity Liqu:d,:nsity

25
29
34
34
35
39
39

46
45
50
52
53

10.03
4.13
10.03
4.14
7.35
10.04
7.35
4.14
7.35
10.04
7.35
4.14
7.35

0.6269
0.5959
0.6269
0.6528
0.6269
0.5959
0.6269

10.04
7.35
4.14
10.05
7.36
4.14

0.6529
0.6269
0.5959
0.6529
0.6270
0.5959

10.05
7.36
4.15

0.6530
0.6270
0.5959

0.6528
0.5958
0.6528
0.5958
0.6269

0.4747
0.4463
0.4698
0.4435
0.4564
o.a671
-----.
0.4538
0.4402
0.4528
0.4644
0.4514
0.4375
0.4501
0.4617
0.4487
0.4346
0.4590
0.4458
0.4322
0.4560
0.4431
0.4292

0.6528

TABLE 6-LIQUID

Liquid

Densities,

g /cc

This
Correlation
%dev
P

Hannens
Correlation
P
%dev

Lyckmans
Correlation
P
%dev

0.4776
0.4496
0.4734
0.4467
0.4607
0.a7na
-. ..- .
0.4582
0:4435
0.4566
0.4670
0.4551
0.4406
0.4536
0.4640
0.4521
0.4378
0.4610
0.4492
0.4346
0.4582
0.4464
0.4322

0.4804
0.4488
0.4764
0.4460
O.462Iii
lla7?J
-..,-6

0.4738
0.4465
0.4709
0.4447
0.4589
0.4691
0.4574
0.4430
0.4565
0.4672
0.4556
0.4411
0.4547
0.4654
0.4538
0.4392
0.4635
0.4520
0.4371
0.4617
0.4501
0.4349

-0.61
-0.73
-0.76
-0.72
-0.93
-0.70
-..-0.96
-0.72
-0.83
-0.56
-0.81
-0.70
-0.77
-0.50
-0.75
-0.73
-0.43
-0.76
-0.55
-0.48
-0.74
-0.69

0.460a
-----

0.4432
0.4590
0.471T
0.4577
0.4404
0.4563
0.4684
0.4549
0.4376
0.4657
0.4522
0.4347
0.4630
0.4494
0.4319

DENSITY OF METHANE-NITRoGEN
0.07 mole percent C,H,

-1.19
-0.56
-1.39
-0.57
-1.36
-1.40
-1.42
-0.68
-1.37
-1.42
-1.38
-0.67
-1.36
-1.44
-1.38
-0.69
-1.44
-1.40
-0.58
-1.51
-1.40
-0.62

+0.20
-0.04
-0.24
-0.27
-0.55
-0.41
-0.77
-0.62
-0.81
-0.60
-0.92
-0.83
-1.01
-0.79
-1.12
-1.04
-0.98
-1.35
-1.11
-1.23
-1.54
-1.31

MIXTURES

Other Components:

Calculated Liquid Densftfes, g /cc

:
-175.0
-175.0
-175.0
-175.0
-170.0
-170.0
-170.0
-170.0
-165,0
-165.0
-165,0
-165.0
-160.0
-160.0
-155.0

P
in. Hg

Gas
Composition
mole % N2
Gravity
9.54
9.21
6.59
3.45
9.50
9.17
6.57
3.43
9.44
9.12
6.53
3.41
6.48
3.39
3.35

40.5
39.9
33.8
21.5
59.5
56.8
46.5
31.7
78.7
76.3
62,6
44.0
81.4
62,0
81.0

Experimental
Liquid
Density
g /cc

0.5931
0.5917
0.5809
0.5679
0.5929
0.5916
0.5808
0.5679
0.5927
0.5914
0.5806
0.5678
0.5804
0.5677
0.5676

TABLE 7LIQUID

0.4692
0.4686
0,4601
0.4507
0.4614
0.4629
0.4523
0.4434
0.4506
0.4549
0.4445
0.4357
0.4362
0.4279
0.4199

DENSITVOF

This

Harmens

Lyckmans

Correlation
%dev
P

Correlation
o
%dev

Correlation
p
%dev

0.4703
0.4694
0.4624
0.4535
0.4619
0.4608
0.4538
0.4454
0.4538
0.4530
0.4464
0.4390
0.4390
0.4316
0.4245

0.4731
0.4720
0.4626
0.4512
0.4648
0.4636
0.4546
0.4436
0.4562
0.4551
0.4464
0.4359
0.4381
0.4281
0.4201

0.4670
0.4659
0.4571
0.4464
0.4620
0.4609
0.4522
0.4418
0.4566
0.4555
0.4472
0.4372
0.4412
0.4317
0.4253

-0.23
-0.17
-0.50
-0.62
-0.11
+0.46
-0.33
-0.45
-0.71
+0.42
-0;43
-0.75
-0.64
-0.86
-1.08

FIVE.COMPONENT

-0.83
-0.70
-0.54
-0.10
-0.73
-0.17
-0.51
-0.04
-1.24
-0.14
-0.44
-0.04
-0.43
-0.05
-0.05

+0.46
+0.59
+0.66
+0.96
-0.14
+0.42
+0.01
+0.37
-1.31
-0.23
-0.61
-0.33
-1.12
-0.88
-1.26

MIXTURES

Calcualted Liquid Densities, g /cc

Composition*, mole %
:

in! Hg
C2H6

-175.0
-175.0
-175.0
70.0
:170.0
-170.0
-165.0
-165.0
-165.0
-160.0
-160.0
-160.0

24.4
28.4
29.3
35.4
44.3

42.4
47.8
60.1
55.9
68.6
78.3
72.1

C3M3

4.68 1.44
2.99 2.01
7.74 1.82
4.68 1.44
2.99 2.01
7::; 1.83
1.45
2.99 2.01
7.75 1.83
4.7o 1.45
3.00 2;01
7.76 1.83

CI#IO

f42

1.32
1.76
0.81
1.32
1.77
0.81
1.33
1.77
0,81
1.33
1.77
0.81

4.26
5.72
4.84
4.25
5.70
4.83
4.22
5.67
4.80
4.19
5.62
4.77

Gas
Gravity
0.6268
0.6364
0.6402
0.6268
0.6364
0.6402
0.6267
0.6364
0.6402
0.6267
0.6363
0.6401

Experimental
Liquid Density
9.ICC.

This.
Correlation
%dev
P

Harmens
Correlation
p
%dev

Lyckmans
Correlation
o
%dev

0.4925

0.4827 +2.03

0.4872 +1.09

0.4781

0.4990
0.5029

0.4886 +2.13 0.4941 +0.98 0.4840 +3.09

0.4907 +2.49 0.4958 +1.44 0.4863 +3.42

0.4851
n
0.4960
0.4782
0.4844
0.4888
0.4682
0.4763
0.4756

0.4752
n .IQ1!2
-u
0.4833
0.4681
0.4745
0.4759
0.4609
0.4668
0.4679

AQ12

-.-~,w

+2.08
A1

a7

=
+2.63
+2,16
+2.09
+2.71
+1.58
+2.04
+1,65

0.4800 +1.07
ha.=q
M.W
----*DUD +1.51
0.4886
0.4727 +1.15
0.4794 +1.04
0.4813 +1.57
0.4654 +0.61
0.4719 +0.93
0.4739 +0.36
n

+3.01

4731 +2.54
-..,,.
0.4812 ~;:&

n.A7ml
Mm

0:4;~;
0.4762
0.4634
0.4690
0.4714

l;:2;
+2.64
+1.04
+1,55
+0,90

*CH4 fs 5th component

686

JOURNAL

OF PETROLEUM

TECHNOLOGY

nitrogen binary mixtures; and for three five-component mixtures, After these data were combined with
data from other sources~0 equations were derived
for saturated liquid density (gin/cc), as a function
of temperature (degrees C), for methane, ethane,
propane, and n-butane:
4

Pf =A,j+A,j~+~,j~,.cj=l,z,3,

(16)

The constants A ,J, A,J, and A,j were determined by

the method of least squares. The constants and their
applicable temperature ranges are given in Table 8.
In developing the gas gravity correlation, the density
of pure liquid n-butane was extrapolated below its
freezing point to 175C, Equations were also derived for the density of binary mxtures (gin/cc), as
a function of temperature (C), and mole fraction
heavy component, xj, for the composition range O
to 0.10 mole fraction heavy component.

pl:j=

10-4T 5,8381

0,0329 -33.548

10-6T2-t- /4.!jXj

~@2j

+/lGjxsj. ..j =2,3,5

(17)

Applicable temperature ranges and the least-squares

constants A+j, A,~, and A Ojare given in Table 9, At
Xj = O, Eq. 17 reduces to the equation for pure
methane density as a function of composition.
Additional data used in this study were pure liquid
nitrogen densities from the International Critical

TABLE S-COEFFICIENTS
Component

2j 04

A3j 06

0.0329

-33.548

-5.8381

C3H8

2 0.4536
3 0.5576

n-CbH1o

0,6135

-..

-11.080
-9.200

-----

-9.000

TABLE 9-COEFFICIENTS
Systern

4j

V@l:,= 6.0419x4/M

(18)

Derivation of Correlation
After equations were established for computing ternary compositions, gas gravities, and liquid densities,
a computer routine was developed to find LNG density as a function of gas gravity at desired temperatures and pressures, To illustrate the routine, an example will be given for 175C and 30 in. Hg.
The Px5 plot used for finding binary mixture
activity coefficients for methane and nitrogen is shown
in Fig, 1. At - 175C and pressures of 28 in. Hg and
32 in. Hg, corresponding x, values are 0,0651 and
0,0536, respectively. These pressure and composition
values, together with POl = 7.6 in. Hgll and Pb=
198 in. Hg,2 are substituted into Eq. 7. The resulting
two equations are solved simultaneously to obtain
yl = 1.231 and y. = 1.804.
The binary methane-nitrogen mixture at 175C
and 30 in. Hg contains 0.9407 mole fraction methane
and 0.0593 mole fraction nitrogen, as shown in the
first row of Table 10. Gas gravity and liquid density
for the binary mixture are calculated from Eqs. 12
and 17, respectively, and are entered in the last two
columns of the table. To form the first ternary mixture, the methane mole fraction is arbitrarily reduced

FOR EQ. 16

?j

CH,.

c2i6

Tablesz and excess specific volumes of methanerz-butanemixtures from Shanaa.1Eq. 18 was derived
from data of Shanaa.:

Temperature
R:;ge

-175 to -162
-180 to -140

-180 to -140
-140 to -110

FOR EQ. 17

5j

Temperature
R::ge

6j

-175 to -160
CHk-C2H6 2 0.34990 -0.50121
--CH4-C3H8 3 O.5T31O 0.053997 -2.08083 -165 to -150
CH4-N2

0.19856

1.14160

-3,06561

-175 to -160

TABLE 1O-DEVELOPMENT
OF CORRELATION
Example T = - 175C, P -30
in, Hg, y, = L231,

Y,== 1.804
CHk

0.9407
0.9357
0.9357
0.9357
0.9307
.

0.8707

N2

Mole Fraction
C3H8
C*H6

0,0593
~.~;j;

--0.0048
--0:0595
--0.0596 0.0097

0.0612

JUNE, 1969

----0.0048
-----

G
lb/c; ft

n-CJilo
--
---0.0048
--

0.5778
0.5802
0.5826
0.5849
0.5827

28.595
28.700
28.761
28.832
28.805

---

---

0.0681

0.6775

31.702

OL
o

0.02
MOLE

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

FRACTION
IN LIQUID

NITROGEN
PHASE

Fig. 1P vs X, methanemltrogen

system.
687

to 0.9357; and x, and x, are calculated from Eqs. 9

and 10, respectively. Gas gravity and liquid density
for the ternary mixture are calculated from Eqs. 12
and 15, respectively, and are entered in the last two
columns. The third component is changed successively to propane and n-butane, and gas gravity and
liquid density are computed for these mixtures, This
procedure is continued down and across the table to
a methane mole fraction of 0.8707, using yl = 1.231
and yo = 1.804 in all cases. By varying ternary composition in this reamer, pressure is maintained at 30
in. Hg, and gas gravities and liquid densities are obtained over the widest possible LNG range. The
method of least squares is then applied to the last two
columns of Table 10 to find an equation for LNG
density, lb/cu ft, as a function of gas gravity at
175C and 30 in. Hg; standard deviation is 0.083
lb/cu ft :

= 10.840
pLKO

-t 30.939G

(19)*

A linear equation similar to Eq. 19 was derived for

each pressure and temperature covered by the correlation, LNG densities were computed from these
equations at gas gravity intervals of 0.005, beginning
with the gas gravity of the methane-nitrogen binary
The constants
authom

in the type of Eq. 19 can be obtained

upon request,

TABLE

from the

densities are Iistd- in th= c&relafion of Tables 11

through 16, from which LNG density can be found
by linear interpolation.

Conclusions
In Tables 1 through 7, experimental liquid densities
are compared with densities predicted by the gas
gravity correlation, Tables 11 through 16, and with
densities calculated from the correlations of Harmens
and of Lyckman, et al. The six gas gravity tables were
linearly extrapolated for data outside their temperature and pressure ranges. Much of the data were taken
at reduced temperatures less than 0.560. To apply
the correlation of Lyckman, et al., for T, <0.560,
the generalized functions v,(o), v~fl), and v,(z) were
plotted vs T, and extrapolated below T, = 0,560 to
T, = 0,250. Extrapolated values of v,(~) were used
for T, <0,560, and Eq. 4 was used for T, >0.560.
Liquid densities determined by the three correlations, p,,],, are compared with experimental densities,
P.SXP,
by computing percent deviations:
percent dev =

[(PW

Peal

.)/pcalcl(l00 percent)

. . . . . . . .

(20)

Percent deviations for the correlations are given in

11LNG DENSITY,LB/CU IT, As A FUNCTION OF GAS GRAVITY AND

TEMPERATURE AT A PRESSURE OF 20 IN. Hg

GAS
GRAVITY -175.0
0.550
-0.555
-0.560
-0.565
28.213
0.570
28.363
0.575
28.513
0.580
28.663
0.585
28.813
0.590
28.963
0.595
29.113
0.600
29.263
0.605
29.413
0.610
29.563
0.615
29.713
0.620
29.863
0.625
30.013
0.630 .30.163
0.635
30.313
0.640
30.463
0.645
30.613
0.650
30.763
().655 -30.913
0.660
31.063
0.665
31.213
0.670
31.363
0.675
31.513
0.680
31.663
0.685
31.813
0.690
31.963
0.695
32.113
0.700
32.263
688

TEMPERATURE, DEGREES CENTIGRADE

-174.0 -173.0 -172.0 -171.0 -170.0 -169.0 -168.0 -167.0
--

--

--

27;;03
28.055
28.206
28.357
28.508
28,660
28.811
28.962
29.113
29.265
29.416
29.567
29.718
29.870
30.021
30.172
30.323
30.475
30.626
30.777
30.928
31.080
31.231
31.382
31.533
31.685
31.836
31.987
32.138

27% 5
27.965
28.115
28.265
28.416
28.566
28.716
28.866
29.016
29.166
29.316
29.466
29.617
29.767
29.917
30.067
30.217
30.367
30.517
30.667
30.818
30.968
31.118
31.268
31.418
31.568
31.718
31.868
32.019

27;;30
27.879
28.028
28.177
28.326
28.475
28.624
28.773
28.922
29.071
29.220
29.370
29,519
29.668
29.817
29.966
30.115
30.264
30.413
30.562
30.711
30.860
31.009
31.159
31.308
31.457
31.606
31.755
31.904

27;;85
27.634
27.783
27,931
28.080
28.229
28.377
28.526
28.675
28.823
28.972
29.121
29.269
29.418
29.567
29.716
29.864
30.013
30.162
30.310
30.459
30.608
30.756
30.905
31.054
31.203
31.351
31.500
31.649
31.797

27:;01
27.549
27.696
27.844
27.992
28.139
28.287
28.435
28.582
28.730
28.878
29.025
29.173
29.320
29.468
29.616
29.763
29.911
30.059
30.206
30.354
30.502
30.649
30.797
30,945
31.092
31.240
31.388
31.535
31.683

27~i16
27.463
27.610
27.756
27.903
28.049
28.196
28.343
28,489
28.636
28.783
28.929
29.076
29.222
29.369
29.516
29.662
29.809
29.956
30.102
30.249
30.395
30.542
30.689
30.835
30.982
31.129
31.275
31.422
31.568

27~i22
27.368
27.514
27.660
27.806
27.953
28.099
28.245
28.391
28.537
28.684
28.830
28.976
29.122
29.268
29.415
29.561
29.707
29.853
30.000
30.146
30.292
30.438
30.584
30.731
30.877
31.023
31.169
31.315
31.462

%!)
27.281
27.426
27.571
27.717
27.862
28.007
28.152
28.297
28.443
28,588
28,733
28.878
29.023
29.168
29.314
29.459
29,604
29.749
29,894
30.040
30,185
30.330
300475
30,620
30.765
30.91131.056
31.201
31.346

JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY

Tables 1 through 7. The greatest deviations are shown

in Table 7 and are for the five-component systems.
In this table, the maximum deviation of the gas gravity correlation from the data is +2.71 percent, The
correlations of Harmens and of Lyckman et a/. give
maximum deviations of +1.57 percent and +3.42

percent, respectively. On the basis of the expe$mental results, Harmens correlation is the more accurate of the two procedures tested for calculating
LNG density from its composition.
The gas gravity-LNG density tables are accurate
to approximately 3 perwmt for LNG mixtures con-

TABLE 12LNG DENSITY, LB/CU F?, AS A FUNCTION OF GAS GRAVITY AND

TEMPERATURE AT A PRESSURE OF 25 IN. Hg
GAS
TEMPERATURE
, DEGREESCENTIGRADE
GRAVITY -175.0 -174.0 -173.0 -172.0 -171.0 -170.0 -169.0 -168.o -167.0 -166.0 -165.0 -164.0

0.550
0.555
0.560
~30.5
0.570
0.575
~
0.585
0.590
~

.-.
..
-.
------.::
-27.238
-.
27~i63 27;i74 .27.385
--28.410 28.241 28.144 28.054 27.952 27.862 27.772 27.681
28.563 28.395 28.297 28.205 28.103 28.012 .27.921 27.829

.27,051
27.198
27.344
27.490
;7.6;;

..
26.988
27,132
27.277
27.421
27.566

Zci.ul
26.866
27.011
27:3:!
;;.445

28.858 28.702 28.602 28.508 28.405 28.312 28.218 28.124 28.024 27:930 27:855 27:735
29.021 28.856 28.754 28.659 28.556 28.462 28.367 28.272 28.171 28.076 27.999 27.880

0.600
-------

29.327
------

29.163
------

29.059
------

28.962
------

28.859
------

28.762
------

28.665

0.605
0.610
0.615
0.620
0.625
0.630
0.635
0.640
0.645
0.650
0.655

29.480
29.632
29.785
29.938
30.091
30.244
30.397
30.549
30.702
30,855
31.008

29.317
29.470
29.624
29.778
29,931
30.085
30.238
30.392
30.546
30.699
30.853

29.212
29.365
29.517
29.(
670
29.~872
L-29.975
30.128
30.280
30.433
30.585
30.738

29.113
29.265
29.416
29.568
29.71
-----29.87o
30.022
30,173
30.325
30.476
30.627

29.010
29.161
29.312
29.463
......
29.765
29.916
30.067
30.218
30.369
30.520

28.912
29.062
29.212
29.362
-----29.652
29.812
29.962
30.112
30.262
30.412

28i.814 28.716
28.
..
29,111 29.011
29.260 29.159
...___ -----29.558 29,455
29.70729,603
29.856 29.750
30.005 29.898
30.153 30.046
30.302 30.194

0.665
~ 0.6
0.675
0.680
~ 0.685
0.690
0.695
0.700

-.
27.139
27.287
27.434
27.581
27;~2;

28.368

28.466
28.613

.28.908
2; .O;EI
______
29.350
29.498
29.645
29.793
29.940
30.087

28.369
28.515

28.289
28:43;

28:170
28.315

28.808
;;.954
... .
29.247
29.394

28.722
;;.867

28.606
2~.;50

29.156 29.039
29.300 29.184

29:686 29:589 29:474

2;.833 29.734 29,619

31.314 31.160 31.043 30.930 30.822 30.711 30.600 30.490 30.382 30.272 30.167 30.054
1
31.619 31.468 31.348 31.233 31.124 31.011 30.898 30,785 30.677 30.565 30:457 30:3!3
31.772 31.621 31.501 31.384 31.275 31.161 31.047 30.933 30.824 30.711 30.601 30.488
32.078 31.928 31.806 31.687 31.577 31.461 31.344 31.229 31.119 31.004 30.890 30:778
32.231 32.082 31.958 31.838 3.;28 31.6TI 31.493 31.376 31.267 31.150 31.035 30.923
32.383 32.236 32.111 31.99~J
879~

TABLE

13-LNG DENSITY, LB/CU IT, AS A FUNCTION OF GAS GRAVITY AND

TEMPERATURE AT A PRESSURE OF 30 IN. Hg

TEMPERATURE, DEGREESCENTIGRADE
GAS
GRAVITY -175.0 -174.0 -173.0 -172.0 -171.0 -170.0 -169.0 -168.0 -167.0 -166,0 -165.0 -164.0 -163.0 -162.0

0.550
0.555
0.560
0.565
0.570
0.575
0.580
0.585
0.59~

-----28.630
28.785
28.939
;9.094

----

----

----

28;;74
28.431
~
28.588
28.745
;8.;~3

28:i72
28.328
28.484
28.64D
&;5

28;;75
28.229
28.384
28.538
28.693

---

0:600
O:jO;

29:403 29:217 29:107 2g:gO: 2g:899 28:798 28:i97 28:597 28:497 28:3$3 28:308 28:194 28:091 27:;$
29.558 29.374 ;9.263 29.157 29.052 28.950 2;.;;; 2~.;;7 28.646 28.641 28.454 28.340 2;.2~7 &36

27;;26
27.979
28.132
28. 86
28.439
28.592

--..
27.733
27.885
28.037
8. 8
28.341
j~.493

--

--

--

--

27~~88
27.639
27.791
27.942

27;i97
27.547
27.697
27.847

27:;06
27.455
27.604
27.763

27:~04
27.353
27.502
27.650

26:;87
27.134
27.28D
27.427
27.574

26;;76
27.022
27.169
27.315
27:46;

26~;77
26.923
27.069
27,216
;7.;61

i:$$
26.832
26.977
27.122
27.267

28.244 28.147 28.051 27.947 27:867 27.754 27:653 27:557

28.395 2;.2J7 ;~020~ 28.096 2$0~4 2;.;01 27.79; 27.702

~
0.616
0.620
~ 006
0.630
----0.635
0.640
0.645
0:6~0
00660
~4

;$:66
29,620
29.76
29.929
30.084

2;:3!!!;;:2g4 29:150
29.512 29.406 29.301
9.666 29.65
29.819 29.711 29,604
29.972 29.863 29.755
263. -----!49. -.
-------------057
30.393 30.279 30.167 30.L-.

30.9~0

30.787

30:~66

30.5~8

30.4WJ

3~.3;9

3~.~8

31:260

31:102

30.977

30:857

30:739

30:624

30:510

29:047 28.944 28.838 28.748 2~:6!3 28:528 28:426

29.197 29.093 28.987 28.895 28:;7; 2~:~74 ;!0571
29.497 29.391 29.284 29.188 29.072 28.966 28:861
29.647 29.540 29.433 29.335 2;.#9 2~JN; 29:0~6
29.9A7
-..-..
;0).097
).247
30.397

29.837
-----29.986
30.135
30.284

29.730
29.628 29:512
------ ----------- 29:404 29.295
29.878
30.027
30.175

;9.775
9.922
30.069
30,215

29.658

29:550

)51 29:842
29.9
30.097 29.988

29.440
29.~
29.730
29.875

~.6~

;l ~7!% ?1 ~1573 % ~b~; i ~371 31 ~lQ~ i :080 3(1:~63 30:&4~ 38:731 30:621 30:509 30:390 30:279 30:165
31:8:9 31:7J0 31:6~1 31:;7;;1.352 31:2;2 31 1;4 30.997 30.880 3~.77~ 30
30:5~7 3o0425 30:;~o

0:690
0.695
0.700

32.186 32.044 31.912 31.784 31:659 31.537 3,;17 31:297 31:178 31:067 30 9 30.830 30:717 30.600
32.343 32.201 32.068 31.939 31.812 31.689 31,568 31.447 31.327 31.215 31.096 30.976 30.863 30.745
32.497 32.358 32.224 32.093 31.966 31.841 31.719 31.597 31.475 31.364 31.243 31.122 31.009 30.889

n~fim

29:868 ;9:688 29:575

~0.022 29,845 29.731
30.02 29.885
30:332
30.159
. --------- . 30.042
..
30.486 30.316 30,.128
~
30:;96 30:63; 3bi0

mu

1 arm

689

three LNG measurements: temperature, pressure, and

the gas gravity of gasified LNG. The correlation covers the temperature range 175 to 162C and the
absolute pressure range 20 in. Hg to 45 in. Hg. Since
neither a composition analysis of the LNG nor timeconsuming calculations are involved, the tabular correlation can be quickly and reliably used by the man
in the field.

tainkqj 85 to 90 mole percent methane. The tables

are accurate to within 1 percent for higher methane
concentrations. The correlation is based on a limited
amount of experimental data and could be improved
as more data become available. The effect of carbon
dioxide and pentanes on LNG density is one area
that needs study.
The gas gravity-LNG density correlation requires
TABLE

14-LNG DENSITV, LB/CU FT, AS A FUNCTION OF GAS GRAVITV AND

TEMPERATURE AT A PRESSURE OF 35 IN. Hg

GAS
GRAVITY

-175.0

-174.0

-173.0

-172.0

0,555
0.560
0,565
0.570
0.575
0.580
0.585
0.590

-----28.855
29.012
29.170

-----

----

28:;41
28.801
28.962

----28.378
28,537
28.695
28.853

0.600
0.605

29.485
29.642

29.282
29.443

0.615
0.620
0.625
0.630
0.635
0.640
0.645
0.650
0.655
0.660
0.665
0.670
0.675
0.680
0.685
0.690
0,695
0.700

29.957
30.115
30,272
30.430
30.587
30.745
30.902
31.060
31,217
31.375
31,532
31.690
31.S47
32.005
32,162
32,320
32.477
32.635

29.763
29.924
30.084
30,245
30,405
30.565
30.726
30.886
31.047
31.207
31.367
31.528
31.688
31.848
32.009
32.169
32.330
32.490

-171.0

TEMPERATURE, DEGREES CENTIGRADE

-170.0 -169.0 -168.0 -167.0

-166.0

-165,0

-164.0

-163.0

-162.0

27:;27
27.176
27.324
27.473
27,621
27.770
27.918
8.067
28.215
28.364

26.787
26,935
27.082
27.230
27.377
27.524
27.672
27.819
2 .967
28.114
28.261

26.696
26.842
26.989
27.135
27,281
27,427
27.574
27.720
27.866
28.012
28.159

28.776 28.661
28.925 28.809
29.074 28.958
29.223 29.106
29.372 29.265
29.521 29.404
29.670 29.552
29.819 29.701
29.968 29.849
30.117 29,998
30.266 30.146
30.415 30.295
30.564 30.443
30.713 30.592
30,862 30.740
31.011 30.889
31.160 31.037
31.309 31.186

28.556
28.704
28.851
28.998
29.146
29.293
29.441
29.588
29.735
29.883
30.030
30.178
30.325
30.472
30.620
30.767
30,915
31.062

28.451
28.598
28.744
28.890
29.036
29.183
29.329
29.475
29.622
29.768
29.914
30.060
30.207
30.353
30,499
30.646
30.792
30.938

---27.911
28.065
28.219
28.374
28.528

-2?.660
27.814
27,967
28.120
28.273
28,426

--

--

28:;70
28.427
28.584
28,741

-. --28.011
28.166
28.322
28.478
28.633

27;~65
27.717
27.869
28.021
28,173
28.325

27:;70
27,621
27.772
27.923
28.074
28.225

27:;25
27.375
27.525
27.675
27.825
27,975
28,125

27:;38
27.287
27,436
27.585
27.734
27.E83
28.032

29.169
29.327

29.055
29.211

28.944
29.100

28.837
28.991

28.733
28.886

28.630
28.782

28.527
28.678

28,425
28.575

28.329
28.478

29.643
29.802
29.960
30.118
30.276
30.434
30s592
30.750
30.908
31,067
31.225
31.383
31.541
31.699
31.857
32.015
32.173
32.332

29.525
29.682
29,839
29.996
30.153
30.310
30.467
30.623
30.780
30.937
31,094
31.251
31.408
31.565
31.722
31.879
32.035
32,192

29.411
29.567
29,722
29.878
30.033
30.189
30.344
30.500
30,655
30.811
30.967
31.122
31,278
31.433
31.589
31.744
31.900
32,056

29.300 29.193
29,455 29.346
29.609 29.499
29.763 29.652
29.918 29,806
30.072 29.959
30.227 30.112
30.381 30.265
30.535 30.418
30.690 30.572
30.844 30.725
30.998 30.878
31,153 31.031
31.307 31.185
31.462 31.338
31.616 31.491
31.770 31.644
31.925 31.798

29.086
29.238
29.390
29.542
29.694
29.846
29,998
30,151
30.303
30.455
30.607
30.759
30.911
31.063
31.215
31.367
31.519
31.672

28.980 28.875
29,131 29,025
29.282 29,174
29,433 29.324
29.584 29.474
29.735 29.624
29.886 29.774
30,037 29.924
30.188 30,074
30,339 30,224
30.490 30.374
30.641 .30,524
30.792 30,674
30.943 30.824
31.094 30.974
31.245 31.124
31.396 31,273
31.547 31,423

TABLE

15LNG DENSITV, LB/CU IT, AS A FUNCTION OF GAS GRAVITY AND

TEMPERATURE AT A PRESSURE OF 40 IN. Hg

GAS
GRAVITY

-175.0

-174.0

-173.0

-172.0

-171.0

0.555
0.560
0.565
0.570
0.575
0.580
0.585
0.590
0.595
0,600
0,605

-------29.252
29.414
29.575
29.737

------28.869
29.033
29.197
29.361
29.525

-----

-----

----

28t;91
28.753
28.914
29.076
29.237
29.399

0.615
0.620
0,625
0.630
0,635

30.060
30.222
30.383
30.645
30,706

29.854
30.018
30,182
30.346
30.510

31.029
31.191
1.352
31,514
31.676
31.837
31.999
32.160
.322
32.483
32.645
32,806

30.838
31.002
31.166
31,330
31.494
31.658
31.822
31.9S6
32. 5
32.314
32.478
32.642

TEMPERATURE, C:GREES CENTIGRADE

-170.0 -169.0 -168.0 -167.0
---

---

---

-166.0

-165.0

--

--

--

-164.0

-163.0

-1S2.0

27:;90
27.542
27,694
27.846
27.998
28,150
28.302
28.454
28.606

27~;07
27.458
27.608
27.758
27.909
28,059
28.209
28.360
28.510

27~;45
270195
27.345
27.495
27.645
27.795
27.945
2S.095
28.244
28.394

26:;50
27.099
27.247
27.396
27.545
27.694
2784
27.99
+
28.140
28.289

;~:g;!
26.993
27.141
27.289
27.437
27.5S6
27734

28.586
28.735
28.884
29.032
29.181

28:;70
28.631
28.791
28.951
29.111
29,271

28:;07
28.364
28.522
28.680
28.838
28.996
29.154

27;;42
28.098
28.255
28.411
28.568
28,725
28.881
29.038

27:~40
27.995
28.150
28.306
28,461
28.616
28,772
28.927

27;;39
27.893
28,048
28,202
28,356
28.510
28,665
28,819

27~;87
27.640
27.793
27.947
28,100
2P.253
2&406
28.559
28,712

29.722
29.883
30.045
30.206
30.368

29.592
29.752
29.912
30.072
30.232

29.470
29.627
29.785
29.943
30.101

29,351
29,507
29.664
29,820
29.977

29,238
29,393
29.548
29.704
29,859

29.127
29,282
29.436
29,590
29.744

29.019
29.172
29.325
29.478
29.631

28.910
29,062
29.214
29.366
29,518

28.811
28,961
29.112
29.262
29.413

28.694
28,844
28.994
29.144
29.294

30.691
30.853
31.014
31.176
31.337
31.499
31.660
31.822
3 .98
32.145
32.306
32.468

30.553
30.713
30,873
31.033
31.193
31.353
31.514
31,674
3 .834
31.994
32.154
32,314

30.417
30.575
30.732
30.890
31.048
31.206
31.364
31.522
.680
31.838
31.995
32.153

30.290
30.447
30.603
30.760
30.916
31.073
31.229
31.386
3 .543
31.699
31.856
32.012

30.170
30.325
30.480
30.636
30.791
30.946
31.102
31.257

30.053
30.207
30.361
30.515
30.670
30.824
30.978
31.132

29.937
30.091
30.244
30.397
30.550
30.703
30.856
31.010

29.823
29.975
30.127
30.279
30.431
30.583
30.735
30.887

29,713
29.864
30.014
30.165
30.315
30.465
30.616
30.766

29.5?3
29.743
29.8~3
30.043
30.19;

28.475
28.624
28.772
28.920
29.068
29.217
29.479 29.365
29.628 29.513
29.776 29.662
29.925 29.810
3~.O;$ ;~.95~

31.568
31.723
31.878

31.441
31.595
31.749

31.316
31.469
31.622

31 191
31.343
31.495

31.067
31.217
31.368

30:493
30.643
0,792
30.942
31.092
31.242

30:371
30.520
30.669
30.818
30.966
31.115

28.031
28.179

~
0.645
G.650
0.655
0.660
0.665
0.670
0.675
0.680
~0.685
0.690
0.695
0.700

690

30:255
30.403
30.55
30.700
30.848
30.996

JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY

TABLE 16-LNCi DENSITY, LB/CU IT, AS A FUNCTION OF GAS GRAVITY AND

TEMPERATURE AT A PRESSURE OF 45 IN. Hg
GAS
GRAVITY
0.560
0.565
0,570
0.575
0,580
:,:::
0:595
0.600
0.605
0.610
0.615
0.620
0,625
0.630
0.635
0.640
0.645
0.650
0.655
0.660
0,665
0,670
0.675
0.680
0.685
0,690
0.695
0.700

-175.0

-174.0

-173.0

-172.0

-171.0

------:.
29,528
29,693
29.857
30.021
30.186
30.350
30.514
30.679
30.843
31.007
31,172
31.336
31.500
31.665
31.829
31.993
32.158
32.322
32.487
32.651
32,815
32.980

------..
29,286
29.455
29.624
29.793
29.962
30.131
30.300
30,469
30.638
30.807
30,976
31,145
31.314
31.483
31.652
31.821
31.990
32.159
32.328
32,497
32.666
32.835

------28.982
29,148
29.315
29.481
29.648
29.814
29,980
30,147
30.313
30.480
30,646
30,813
30.979
31.146
31.312
31.479
31.645
31.812
31.978
32.145
32.311
32,478
32.644

----

--28.405
28.566
28.728
28.889
29.050
29.211
29.372
29.534
29.695
29.856
30,017
30.178
30.339
30.501
30,662
30.823
30,984
31.145
31.307
31.468
31,629
31.790
31.951
32.113
32,274

VE

ps

x =
Y=
Y=
P=
01=

~8~;97
L8.859
29.021
29.184
29.346
29.509
29.671
29.833
29.996
30.158
30.321
30.483
30.645
30,808
?0.970
31.133
31.295
31.457
31.620
31.782
31.945
32s107
32.269
32.432

TEMPERATURE, DEGREES CENTIGRADE

-170.0 -169.0 -16S.0 -167.0
-

28;i37
28.295
28.454
28.613
28.771
28.930
29.089
29.247
29.406
29.565
29.723
29.882
30,040
30.199
30.358
30.516
30.675
30.834
30.992
31.151
31.310
31,468
31.627
31.786
31.944
32,103

28;;27
28.184
28,342
28.499
28.656
28.814
28.971
29.128
29.286
29.443
29.600
29.758
29.915
30.072
30.230
30.387
30.544
30.702
30.859
310016
31.174
31.331
31.488
31,646
31.803
31.960

coefficientsin Eq. 3
least-square coefficientsin Eqs.
16and 17
empirical density constant
generali=d density function
gas gravity
gas density at 60F and 1 atm
molecular weight
partial pressure
total pressure
vapor pressure
ideal gas law constant
temperature
critical temperature
reduced temperature
molar volume
critical molar volume
reduced molar volume
functions of reduced
temperature
s~ecific volume
eicess specific volume
ideal solution speeificvolume
mole fraction
weight fraction
activity coefficient
density
acentric factor

-166.0

-165.0

-164.0

-163.0

-162.0

26,957
27.108
27.258
;7.~~9

26.859
27.008
27.168
;;.3;;

27:711
27.862
28.012
28.163
28.314
28.465
28.615
;~,;66

27:607
27.756
27.906
28.055
28.205
28.355
28.504
28.654

29:068
29.219
29.369
29.520
29.671
29.822
29.972
30.123

;~:~~;
29.103
29.252
29.402
;;.;~l

27:;66
27.922
28.078
28.234
28.391
28.547
28.703
28.859
29.015
29.172
29.328
29.484
29.640
29.796
29.953
30.109
30,265
30.421
30.578
30.734
30.89~
31.046
31.202
31.359
31.515
31.671
31.827

27;~63
27.818
27,973
28.129
28.284
28.439
28,594
28.749
28.905
29.060
29,215
29.370
29.525
29.681
29.836
29.991
30.146
30.301
30.457
30.612

27:;62
27.716
27.870
28.024
28.178
28.332
28,486
28.640
28.794
28.949
29.103
29.257
29.411
29.565
29.719
29.873
30.027
30.181
30.335
30.489

30.922
31.077
31.233
31.388
31.543
31.698

30s798 30.675 30.549 30.425

30.952 30.827 30:7~1 30.57~
31.106 30.980
31.260 31.132 31.005 30:877
31.414 31.285 31.156 31.028
31.568 31.437 31.308 31.179

27:;20
27.473
27,625
27.778
27.930
28.083
28,235
28.388
28.540
28,692
28.845
28.997
29.150
29.302
29.455
29.607
29.760
29.912
30,065
30.217
30.370

27:;09
27.360
27.512
27.664
27.816
27.968
28.120
28,271
28.423
28,575
28,727
28,879
29.031
29.182
29.334
29.486
29.638
29.790
29.942
30,094
30.245

29:850
30.000
30.150
30.299
30.449
30:74~
30.897
31.047

Kansas Computation Center were used for computer

calculations.
References
1. Harmens, A.: Orthobaric Densities of Liquefied Light
Hydrocarbons, Chem. Em?.Sci. (1965) 20, 813*
2. H&mens, A.: Orthobari~ Densities of Liquefied Light
Hydrocarbons, Chem. Errg. SCL (1966) 21, 725.
3. Lyckman, E. W., Eckert, C. A. and Prausnitz, J. M.:
Generalized Liquid Volumes and Solubility Parameters
for Regular Solution Application, Chem. Eng. Sci. (1965)
20,703.
4, Chueh, P. L, and Prausnitz, 1. M.: Vapor-Liquid Equilibria at High Pressures: Calculation of Partial Molar
Volumes in Nonpolar Liquid Mixtures, AKhE J. (1%7)
13, No. 6, 1099.
5. Lewis, G, N, and

Randall, M.: Thermod namics, 2nd

Ed.. McGraw-HilI Book Co., Inc.. New Yor1(1961) 233,
6, li?u~dbo~koj Chemistry anti PhyNcs, 46th Ed,, Ch~mical
Rubber Co., Cleveland (1965) F-8.
7. Sinor, J. E.: The Sohib~lity, Part!al Molat Volume, and
Diffusivity of Helium in Liquid Methane, PhD dissertation, U, of Kansas, Lawrence (1965).
8. Jeneen, R. H.: An Experimerftal and Theoretical Study
of the Density of Liquefied Natural Gas, MS thesis, U. of
Kansas, Lawrence (1967).
9. Rossini, F. D., et al.: Selected Values of Properties o
Hydrocarbons and Related Compounds, API Resmrc1
Project 44, Carnegie Institute of Technology (1958).
10.Shanaa, M. Y.: Liquid Density and Excess Volume of
Light Hydrocarbon Mixtures at - 16S.OC and at Saturation Pressure, PhD dissertation, U. of Oklahoma, Nor-

Acknowkdgments

man (1966).
11, Matthews, C. S. and Hurd, C. O.: Thermod amic
Properties of Methane, Trans., AIChE (1946) 4,r 55.
12, International Critical Tables, VOI.3, McGraw-Hill Book
Co., Inc., New York (1928) 204.
JPT

This investigation was supported by National Science

Foundation grant No. NSF GK-705. Financial support through a.-DowChemical Co. Fellowship is also
gratefully acknowledged. The facilities of the U. of

Orlglnal manuscript received In Society of Petroleum Englneera

office July 19, 196S. Revised manuscript received March U, 1969,
Paper (SPE 2351) was presented at SPE Regional Gas Technology
Symposium held irr Omaha, Nebr., Sept. 12.13, 196S. @ Copyright
1969 American Institute of Mlnlng, Matallurgloal,
and Petroleum
Engineers, Inc.

JUNE, 1969

691