AER 416 - Flight Mechanics Final Exam Winter 2013

Problem 1) A high speed subsonic airplane with wing span 10 m and a mean chord of 1.5 m is flying at the altitude of 5 km. a pitot tube at the wing leading edge measures the stagnation pressure as 70 Kpa. a) Assume isentropic flow and calculate the temperature at the stagnation point, and the aircraft true and calibrated airspeeds. b) The airplane wing is built of NACA 2415 airfoil and it has span efficiency factor of 0.9 and profile drag coefficient of 0.0045. Calculate the finite wing lift and drag forces at 6 angle of attack. Problem 2) Consider an airplane in steady level flight at the altitude of 3.0 km. the 700 kg airplane has reference area = 12 , = 0.05, = 0.02, and = 1.4 a)assume that the aircraft has prop engines with relatively constant power of = 50 at this altitude and the propeller efficiency is 80%. Assume small climb angle and calculate the maximum rate of climb. b) if the airplane engines fail at 3 km altitude what would be the farthest distance that it can glide till it reaches the sea level. What is the maximum possible time that it can glide till it reaches the sea level? Assume standard atmospheric condition with no wind and small angle of descent. Problem 3) Consider a turboject transport aircraft at altitude of 4 km with weight = 450 , wing aspect ratio = 6, reference area = 100 , span efficiency factor = 0.85, and = 0.025, = 1.4. a) Calculate the minimum thrust required for this aircraft to be able to perform steady level flight (SLF) at this altitude. Assuming the attached performance chart is for one engine, how many engines the aircraft needs to be able to fly in SLF at this altitude? b) If the aircraft has two engines and the pilot is using 50% of the maximum cruise thrust at constant airspeed 200 kt, estimate the climb or descent angle and the rate of fuel consumption in lb/hr, (assume the angle is small) Problem 4) A 2500 kg helicopter is operating in level forward flight at 125 kts. The equivalent flat plate area and air density are = 1.8 and = 1.03 / . The rotor parameters are: radius = 6 , solidity = 0.08, = 35 /, = 0.01. Calculate the total required power.

Question 1) Draw a simple schematic for a Turbojet engine with after burners, name the major components of the engine, and write their function.

Question 2) On the following schematic hodograph show the maximum rate of climb, maximum climb angle, airspeed for fastest climb and the angle for fastest climb. Question 3) Consider a three dimensional finite wing subjected to high subsonic flow. Name and explain all the possible sources of wing drag. Question 4) Briefly explain the difference between the aerodynamic centre and centre of pressure Question 5) Briefly explain the drag divergence phenomenon, and how the wing sweep angle can change the drag divergence Mach number. Use schematic drawing for your explanations.