Yourlastname 1 Name Professor Class Date Hardness Hardness is a term used to describe the resistance of a certain material to restricted

and localized deformation (NDT). It is usually related to deformations in the forms of indentation, scratching, bending, or cutting. In certain substances, for example ceramics, metals, and most polymers, the deformation considered is plastic contortion of the surface. For materials that include elastomers and certain polymers, hardness can be described as the counteraction to elastic deformation of the surface. Hardness is not the fundamental property of a material, as it is combined of yield strength, true tensile strength, work hardening, modulus, and so on. Measurements of hardness that can be received with various tests and methods are utilized usually for the control of quality of materials as they are fast and assumed to be productive and not harmful when the dents and imprints produced by these tests are in low areas of stress. Tests that are utilized most commonly include Mohs Hardness Test, Brinell Hardness Test, Rockwell Hardness Test and Rockwell Superficial Hardness Test, Vickers and Knoop Microhardness Tests, Scleroscope and Rebound Hardness Tests, Durometer Hardness Test, Barcol Hardness Test, and so on (NDT; Noriega). In this work utilization of comparison hardness testers in determination of embrasure hardness of metallic materials, Brinell and Rockwell hardness of metallic materials are discussed briefly.

Yourlastname 2 Brinell hardness test is the oldest of the test methods created by Dr. J. A. Brinell in the year of 1900 in Sweden. It involves utilization of a desktop mechanism to administer certain known load of a hardened sphere of a certain diameter to metallic material. Dividing the number of kilograms of the load by the created indentations measured area of surface in square millimeters will provide the Brinell hardness number. It is important to use a single scale with the utilization of the same ball size and force (ASTM Intl). Although it is quite primitive, it provides information related to tensile strength, wear counteraction, and other physical features of metallic materials. It is utilized in the industry for commercial shipments acceptance testing and for larger heavier parts, as with this test material is not destructed. The main principle of the test is shown below.

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Rockwell hardness of metallic materials test method may not reflect the physical characteristics of the whole end product, as it can be performed at a specific localized part. There are Rockwell hardness test and Rockwell superficial hardness test, the difference between which is in the test forces that are utilized. This test method also uses a machine to implement a load, which can be in the form of a sphere or a brale, and afterwards measure the depth of impression. The number of hardness may then be read from the scale, providing information on tensile force,

Yourlastname 3 resistance of wear, ductility, which can be useful for the purposes of control of quality as well as selection of the materials.

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The comparative hardness test method provides information on tensile strength, resistance of wear, ductility, just like the other mentioned here tests, as well as condition of heat treatment and other features of metallic materials. This test is utilized for items that are too large for the testing mechanisms that are used more commonly. Equipment that is used includes a machine with the indention-leaving ball, a slot for comparative test bar and the bar itself, an item to affect, an affecting instrument, for example a hammer. The ASTM standard chosen for this paper is Standard test methods and definitions for mechanical testing of steel products A 370-96 (ASTM Intl). This standard mentions various tests that can be performed to discover information on the matters of properties and physical characteristics of steel. The tests that are discussed include: tension tests, hardness tests, some of

Yourlastname 4 which are discussed above, bend tests, charpy impact. This standard determines the equipment and methods, procedure, and interpretation of results for the steel.

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Works Cited ASTM Intl. (2009). Standard Practice for Indentation Hardness of Metallic Materials by Comparison Hardness Testers. Designation: A 883 08a. ASTM Intl. (2009). Standard Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials. Designation E 10 08. ASTM Intl. (2009). Standard Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Materials. Designation: E 18 08b. ASTM Intl. (2009). Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products. Designation: A 370-96. NDT. Hardness. http://www.ndted.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Materials/Mechanical/Hardness.htm Noriega, J. Brinell Vs Rockwell Hardness Test Compare and Contrast. http://ezinearticles.com/?Brinell-Vs-Rockwell-Hardness-Test---Compare-andContrast&id=3856119