Fundamentals of Telecommunication: Exercises

Exercise no. 1 As a new service provider, you plan to deploy a telecommunication network with 20 exchange system nodes, 5 of which provide transit functionality only. How many transmission system components do you need to install within the transport network among the exchange system nodes if a b c

d e

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the exchange system nodes are to be interconnected completely meshed? the exchange system nodes are to be interconnected in a ring structure? the transit nodes are to be interconnected completely meshed and the remaining exchange nodes are arranged in 5 independent rings, each of which integrates one of the transit nodes (providing all rings comprise the same number of exchange nodes)? Which of these network structures is beneficial regarding service availability, which is beneficial regarding system acquisition costs? Which of these networks structures would you deploy, and why?

Fundamentals of Telecommunication: Exercises

Exercise no. 2 The telecommunication network shown below consists of 2 PCs, 1 ISDN exchange system, 1 POP (Point Of Presence) and 1 router connected to a LAN. The PCs communicate via IP data packets.

ISDN

ISDN Exchange

ISDN

POP

Internet

IP Router

LAN
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Identify the multiplexing mechanisms applicable to the following systems as shown in the figure above (multiple answers possible). PC at LAN STD, Space Division Multiplex, Wavelength Division Multiplex, Frequency Division Multiplex, ATD with variable block length, ATD with constant block length, Code Division Multiplex STD, Space Division Multiplex, Wavelength Division Multiplex, Frequency Division Multiplex, ATD with variable block length, ATD with constant block length, Code Division Multiplex Identify the connection concepts applicable to the following systems as shown in the figure above. IP Router Connection-oriented communication, Connectionless communication POP Connection-oriented communication, Connectionless communication Identify the switching/routing principles applicable to the following systems as shown in the figure above. ISDN Exch. Circuit switching, Packet switching IP Router Circuit switching, Packet switching ISDN Exch.

Fundamentals of Telecommunication: Exercises

Exercise no. 3
EthernetSwitch EthernetLAN 3 c d b EthernetLAN 1 PC 2 IPRouter 2 IPRouter 1 EthernetLAN 4 f

PC 1
DSLAM IP over ATM over ADSL a

e PC 3
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EthernetLAN 2

Identify the multiplexing mechanisms applicable to the following systems as shown in the figure above (given that PCs 1 and 3 exchange a file via IP data packets). PC 3 STD, Space Division Multiplex, Wavelength Division Multiplex, Frequency Division Multiplex, ATD with variable block length, ATD with constant block length, Code Division Multiplex STD, Space Division Multiplex, Wavelength Division Multiplex, Frequency Division Multiplex, ATD with variable block length, ATD with constant block length, Code Division Multiplex Identify the connection concepts applicable to the following systems as shown in the figure above (given that PC 1 requests a web site hosted by PC 2) PC 2 Connection-oriented communication, Connectionless communication Switch Connection-oriented communication, Connectionless communication PC 1 sends an IP packet to PC 3. Identify all interfaces (af) within the figure above, on which a pure Ethernet frame is sent (assume that both, the Ethernet switch and the IP router are aware of any information required in order to forward the packet correctly). Grundlagen der Telekommunikation DSLAM
Informationsbertragung II

Fundamentals of Telecommunication: Exercises

Exercise no. 4 Identify the switching/routing technology/-ies (IP, ATM, or 64 kbit/s) most adequate for the following applications. Substantiate your decision briefly. a Voice communication b Data communication via Internet c Intermittent sending and receiving of short data packets d Combined voice and data communication e Data exchange between branch offices of a major bank Exercise no. 5 A protocol stack comprises protocols for layers 1 to 4, providing the following frame layouts (PCI = Protocol Control Information, SDU = Service Data Unit). Layer 1 protocol: PCI = 2 Byte, SDU = 98 Byte Layer 2 protocol: PCI = 4 Byte, SDU = 94 Byte Layer 3 protocol: PCI = 20 Byte, SDU = 74 Byte Layer 4 protocol: PCI = 20 Byte, SDU = 54 Byte Calculate the overhead (in percent) in relation to the overall amount of transferred data.

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Fundamentals of Telecommunication: Exercises

Exercise no. 6 You can choose between an IP-based and an ATM-based communication network. a Which network would you prefer to provide a video conference? Substantiate your decision briefly. You now continuously transfer media payload packets, each sized 480 Byte. b Calculate the overhead (in percent) in relation to the overall amount of transferred data if IP technology is used. c Calculate the overhead (in percent) in relation to the overall amount of transferred data if ATM technology is used.

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Fundamentals of Telecommunication: Exercises

Exercise no. 7 A vending machine (e.g. selling beverages) is given. A coin is already inserted. The machine is deployed as a Mealy state machine. The state graph is given in the figure below.

P, N

M, R
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C1
M, N

P, D

C2

I, R

I, N

The vending machine provides the two conditions C1 and C2. The following 3 input signals are used. I = Coin inserted P = Button for product request pressed M = Button for money return pressed The following 3 output signals are used. D = Dispense product R = Return coin N = No reaction Outline an SDL diagram showing the conditions and process flows of this vending machine.

Fundamentals of Telecommunication: Exercises

Exercise no. 8 A L3 protocol instance of a telecommunication equipment is described by the following state table. Use the given information to develop the corresponding a state diagram. b SDL diagram.

State Event/Input Start Start REQ No interest In progress In progress REQ Done Start RESP

0 Start IND / 1 Start / 3

-/0 In progress IND / 4 In progress / 2 Start CONF / 5 Done / 5

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Fundamentals of Telecommunication: Exercises

Exercise no. 9 Assume that your Internet access is provided according to the following figure via an ISDN card in your computer.

3
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64kbit/s ISDN Ex.

POP with IP Router

IP Router
4 5

Server

1
a b

Assign the relevant protocols to every communication segment (16), and identify the corresponding OSI layers. Consider OSI layers 2...4 only. Outline a layer model for every network element, also illustrating the interworking between Internet and ISDN protocols.

Fundamentals of Telecommunication: Exercises

Exercise no. 10 Consider an IP network based on Ethernet II, consisting of 3 host computers (A, B, C), 1 switch and 1 IP router (see figure below). Communication is based on IPv4. The switch operates on OSI layers 1 and 2 only, MAC is used for addressing. Ethernet frames received by the switch are forwarded only on the interface providing a path to the respective destination host. All relevant MAC and IP addresses are given within the figure.

Host A

100 Base-TX

Switch

100 Base-TX

IP Router

MAC: 00:10:5A:00:00:1A IP: 192.168.0.10

MAC: 24:20:60:34:67:AF IP: 192.168.1.1

MAC: 00:10:5A:00:00:2B IP: 192.168.0.1

2
Host B

100 Base-TX

MAC: 00:10:5A:00:00:1B IP: 192.168.0.11

Host C

100 Base-TX

MAC: 00:10:5A:00:00:2A IP: 192.168.1.23

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Fundamentals of Telecommunication: Exercises

To exercise no. 10 a Host A sends an IP packet to host B. Outline the Ethernet frames sent on interfaces 1, 2, 3, and 4 by specifying source and destination addresses for both, MAC and IP according to the following frame structure. Also annotate unused interfaces. MAC source address MAC dest. address IP source address IP destination address

10

Host A sends an IP packet to host C. Outline the Ethernet frame sent on interface no. 3 by specifying source and destination addresses for both, MAC and IP according to the frame structure shown above.

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Fundamentals of Telecommunication: Exercises

Exercise no. 11 Assume an IP network as shown below, used for communication by computers A and B.
Computer A
Computer B

11

IP Router 1
Sub Network 1

IP Router 2

IP Router 3
Sub Network 4
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Sub Network 2

Sub Network 3

Consider the following MTU values: Sub Networks 1 and 4: each 532 Byte; Sub Networks 2 and 3: each 276 Byte. An application on Computer A sends IP packets each sized 1024 Byte, a header of 20 Byte is generally assumed. Outline the respective IP packets as carried on Sub Networks 14, considering ID, M, FO, and payload.

Exercise no. 12 A TCP message contains 1964 Byte payload data and a 20 Byte TCP header. It is passed to IP for delivery over the Internet. The message is forwarded from the source host through 2 different networks (i.e. via 1 router) to the destination host. The L1/L2 protocol used in the first network adds a 12 Byte header and provides an MTU of 1024 Byte. The L1/L2 protocol used in the second network adds an 8 Byte header and provides an MTU of 524 Byte. Note that the MTU specifies the maximum total size of a packet being sent through a respective network, including L1/L2 headers. Specify size and offset of the fragments delivered to the destination hosts network layer. Assume minimum header size for all IP headers.

Fundamentals of Telecommunication: Exercises

12

Exercise no. 13 While migrating from IPv4 to IPv6 networks the following Ethernet frame has been captured. Additional information not provided in the figure: Only 14 Byte Ethernet II overhead (originally: 26 Byte) are displayed. 12 Byte additional Ethernet overhead have to be considered within this exercise.

Grundlagen der Telekommunikation Informationsbertragung II

12

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Fundamentals of Telecommunication: Exercises

13

32 bit

H e a d e r

Data

Grundlagen der Telekommunikation Informationsbertragung II

13

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To exercise no. 13 a Specify the protocol stack for frame 2. Provide both, protocol names and OSI layer numbers. b Calculate the overhead (in percent) of Ethernet II frame 2 in relation to the overall amount of transferred data, if the ICMP protocol data are completely considered as payload. c Complete the fields of the IPv6 packet shown within the following figure, using the information provided for frame 2. State additionally the size of the IPv6 header in Byte. d What happens to the IPv6 packets within the considered network according to the information provided in the figure above?

Fundamentals of Telecommunication: Exercises

Exercise no. 14 The routing table of an IP router contains entries as given in the table below. The router routes IP packets directly to hosts via interface 0, or the packets are forwarded to routers R1 or R2, respectively. Describe how the considered router treats IP packets addressed to the following destinations:
Network destination 128.96.39.0 128.96.39.128 Default Network mask 255.255.255.0 255.255.255.128 Next router

14

R1 R2

a b c

128.96.39.10 128.96.39.151 192.4.153.17

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Interface 0

Fundamentals of Telecommunication: Exercises

Exercise no. 15 Describe briefly the TCP communication shown in the below MSC (Message Sequence Chart). Which phase of a TCP connection is shown here?

15

A 1 2 3 4 5

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Fundamentals of Telecommunication: Exercises

Exercise no. 16 An MSC of a TCP communication is shown below. The TCP packets exchanged are numbered sequencially. Provided flag names indicate that the respective flags are set (e.g. [ACK] ACK flag = 1 etc.). Sequence and Acknowledgement numbers are provided behind Seq: and Ack:, respectively. If applicable, the size of the payload contained within a packet is provided behind Data: Complete sequence and acknowledgement numbers of TCP packets 411 within the figure.

16

Grundlagen der Telekommunikation Informationsbertragung II

16

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