1.

True North Given a Magnetic North (MN) direction survey and declination value (DEC), convert the Magnetic North direction to the equivalent True North (TN) direction. Since the dawn o ti!e, !an has had to descri"e a location in one way or another. The directional driller !ust "e a"le to use learned s#ills to read surveys and well $ro$osals in locating the $osition o a survey $oint along a well. The well $ro$osal is usually derived ro! coordinates in a grid syste!% there ore, directions are re erenced to Grid North. &owever, the well surveys use sensors that re erence either Magnetic North or True North, and the driller !ust "e a"le to convert ro! one to the other.

True North True North (TN) is the direction o a line ro! any geogra$hical location on the earth's sur ace to the North Geo!etric (ole. Calculate True North with this or!ula) True North (TN) * Magnetic North (MN) + Magnetic Declination value (DEC). Magnetic North is the direction o a line ro! any geogra$hical location on the earth's sur ace to the North Magnetic (ole.
Magnetic

Declination value is the angular di erence, east or west, at any geogra$hical location, "etween True North (Geogra$hic North) and Magnetic North.

True North ,alues o Magnetic Declination (DEC) change with ti!e and location. -s the !ove!ent o Magnetic North (MN) is constant and $redicta"le, Magnetic Declination can "e calculated or any given $oint on the earth at any given ti!e. Charts o the various !agnetic declinations and rate o change are widely used. Easterly Magnetic Declination values are e.$ressed as a $ositive value and /esterly Magnetic Declination values are e.$ressed as a negative value. -lthough converting ro! Grid (GN) to True North (TN) a$$ears a si!$le tas#, it requires considera"le care ul attention, de$ending on the relative directions o Grid Convergence and the Magnetic Declination value. Grid convergence is the angle "etween a True North direction and Grid North direction. 0e ore !agnetic survey data can "e converted to True North, the data at each survey $oint !ust indicate the direction o the well"ore at that $oint. Calculating the well"ore a1i!uth or each $oint $rovides the direction. 1.1 Converting Magnetic North to True North /or# through the e.a!$le $ro"le! to learn how to calculate True North ro! a !agnetic survey. E.a!$le $ro"le!) 2 the o"served !agnetic survey $oint is located at N345E and the Magnetic Declination is 6.35 /est, convert the Magnetic North direction to the equivalent True North (TN) direction.

7se the ollowing ste$s to solve the $ro"le!.

 8irst) Change the !agnetic survey (N345E) to !agnetic a1i!uth.

Second) Calculate True North (MN). (True North * True -1i!uth), (Magnetic North * Magnetic -1i!uth)

-s a result o wor#ing through this e.a!$le $ro"le! you should have learned how to convert the Magnetic North direction to the equivalent True North direction. Study Questions 1) If an observed magnetic survey point is located at N !"# and the Magnetic $eclination is .%" #est& correct the direction to True North. Select the correct answer. a) 395 -:M ") ;;<.=;5 -:M c) ;69.65 -:M d) 1!.'" ()M

* +rid North
Given a True North (TN) survey and Grid Convergence (G>2D), convert the True North direction to the equivalent Grid North (GN) direction. The well $ro$osal is usually derived ro! coordinates in a grid syste!% there ore, directions are re erenced to Grid North.

&owever, the well surveys use sensors that re erence either Magnetic or True North, and the driller !ust "e a"le to convert ro! one to the other. - ?ocal Coordinate Syste! is one requiring accurate $lotting o Grid North. 2n !any cases, govern!ent re$orts require the use o Grid North.

*.1 Converting True North to +rid North Grid North is the direction o a line ro! any geogra$hical location within a grid syste! $aralleling the 7niversal True Meridian as deter!ined "y o"servation o (olaris. Calculate Grid North with this or!ula) Grid North (GN) * True North (TN) @Grid Convergence (G>2D). Grid Convergence is the angle "etween a True North direction and Grid North direction.

- !agnetic survey is a directional survey in which the direction o the well"ore at the survey $oint is deter!ined "y a !agnetic co!$ass detecting the earth's !agnetic ield, indicating a Magnetic North direction. Calculate True North with this or!ula) True North (TN) * Magnetic North (MN) + Magnetic Declination value (DEC). Magnetic North is the direction o a line ro! any geogra$hical location on the earth's sur ace to the North Magnetic (ole. Magnetic Declination value is the angular di erence, east or west, at any geogra$hical location, "etween True North (Geogra$hic North) and Magnetic North. Converting True North to +rid North /or# through the e.a!$le $ro"le! to learn how to convert a True North direction to a Grid North direction. E.a!$le $ro"le!) The direction o a well"ore at a !agnetic survey $oint is S;65E, the Magnetic Declination is 6.35 /est, and the Grid Convergence is A5 /est. Correct the direction to Grid North.

7se the ollowing ste$s to solve $ro"le!. 8irst) Change the !agnetic survey (S;65E) to !agnetic a1i!uth.

Second) Calculate the Grid North (GN) direction. (True North * True -1i!uth), (Magnetic North * Magnetic -1i!uth) -s a result o wor#ing through this e.a!$le $ro"le! you should have learned how to convert the True North direction to the equivalent Grid North direction. Study Questions *) If the observed magnetic survey direction is N !"# and the Magnetic $eclination is ," #est& and the +rid Convergence is " -ast& correct the direction to +rid North. Select the correct answer. a) 6;<.=;5 -:M b) 1%" ()M c) B6<5 -:M d) B;45 -:M ) If the observed magnetic survey direction is S%."# and the Magnetic $eclination is !" -ast& and the +rid Convergence is 1." -ast& correct the direction to +rid North. Select the correct answer . a) B;4.CB5 -:M b) *1!" ()M c) B6<563' -:M a) ;<.=;5 -:M