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REPRESENTATION FOR PARTS Wire frame CTRL + 1 Shaded wire frame CTRL + 2 Rendered (black) CTRL + 3 Rendered CTRL + 4 Rendered (dark colors) CTRL + 5 REPRESENTATION FOR COMPONENT PARTS Wire frame SHIFT + 1 Shaded wire frame SHIFT + 2 Rendered (black) SHIFT + 3 Rendered SHIFT + 4 Rendered (dark colors) SHIFT + 5 GENERAL SHORTCUTS Open Save Properties Undo Redo Interrupt Repeat the last command Copy CHANGED! Move CHANGED! Delete Drag and drop Pan Middle button pan CHANGED! Move right Move left Move down Move up Center by cursor Zoom original Zoom in/out Zoom previous Rotate using mouse Rotate using keyboard Ortho Relative coordinate input Absolute coordinate input Next position Previous position Xsnap SmartSelect Select lter Add to selection Toggle selection Lock X, Y or Z coordinates
Select all select switch Select parts select switch Snap to reference lines/points Snap to geometry lines/points Snap to nearest points Snap to any position Advanced options Inquire object Free measure MODELING SHORTCUTS Create new model Open the Views list Create clip plane Rollover highlight Set view rotation point Autorotate CHANGED! Disable view rotation 3D / Plane Fly (in perspective views) Select all Select assembly Hide object Snapshot Undo last polygon pick Finish polygon input Open component catalog Create AutoConnection Phase manager Clash check Drawing Wizard Drawing list Clone drawing Print drawings Create report
F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 CTRL + E SHIFT + I F
CTRL + O CTRL + S ALT + ENTER CTRL + Z CTRL + Y ESC ENTER CTRL + C CTRL + M DEL D P SHIFT + M x z y w INS HOME PG UP/PG DN END CTRL + R CTRL + arrow keys, SHIFT + arrow keys O @, R $, A TAB SHIFT + TAB T S CTRL + G SHIFT CTRL X, Y or Z
CTRL + N CTRL + I SHIFT + X H V SHIFT + R, SHIFT + T F8 CTRL + P SHIFT + F CTRL + A ALT + object SHIFT + H F9, F10, F11, F12 Backspace Space bar CTRL + F CTRL + J CTRL + H SHIFT + C CTRL + W CTRL + L CTRL + D SHIFT + P CTRL + B
DRAWING SHORTCUTS SHIFT + A Associative symbol Black and white drawing B Ghost outline SHIFT + G Open next drawing CTRL + PG DN Open previous drawing CTRL + PG UP Create an orthogonal dimension G USER COORDINATE SYSTEM (UCS) SHORTCUTS Set coordinate system origin U Set coordinate system by two points SHIFT + U Toggle orientation CTRL + T Reset current CTRL + 1 Reset all CTRL + 0
Keyboard Shortcuts
DEFINING SHORTCUTS
If you frequently use certain commands, assign keyboard shortcuts to them. You will nd it faster than using the icons and menus. To assign a shortcut to a command: Click Tools > Customize... to open the Customize dialog box. Click on the command on the list on the left. Use the Filter list box to nd commands easily. Click the down arrow to select subgroups of commands. ALL displays all the commands available in Tekla Structures. You can also type in the command name to search for commands. Use the Shortcut elds to assign a shortcut to the command. You can use a single letter, or combine a letter with the Shift, Alt or Ctrl key. Move the command to the Menu list by clicking the right arrow. This will activate the shortcut and also add the command in the User menu. Click Close to exit the Customize dialog box. For more information, see Online help, Appendix E > Reserved shortcuts.
Basic Modeling 1
Contents
Contents
Basic Modeling 1
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 Start Tekla Structures Create a New Model BasicModel1 Create Grids Create Plane Views along Gridlines Create Foundations Create Columns Create Beams Create Slabs
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6 7 10 12 16 21 26 41
Basic Modeling 1
In this lesson
We will go through the basic functions of Tekla Structures: How to create a new structural 3D model, and how to create grids (i.e. module lines), grid views and structural members in the model. As a result of this lesson the model will look as shown below.
To start Tekla Structures, click the Windows Start button. Navigate through Programs > Tekla Structures > Tekla Structures enu Europe. This will start Tekla Structures in European environment using English language.
The modeling user interface is now opened. At first, most of the menu options and all the icons are gray indicating that they are inactive. When you open an existing model or create a new model, the icons and available menu options become active.
1.
Select File > New from the pull-down menu or click the New model icon in the Standard toolbar to open the New model dialog box.
2.
At the center of the dialog box, Tekla Structures suggests the name "New Model" for the model. The full path of the model folder is shown in the first field.
3.
4.
The menus and icons become activated and the model name appears in the title bar of the Tekla Structures window. Every model must have a unique name. Tekla Structures does not allow duplicate model names. Do not use special marks ( / \ ; : | ) in model names.
You can only have one model open at a time. If you already have a model open, Tekla Structures prompts you to save that model.
Tekla Structures automatically created a grid and a view according to the saved standard view properties. The default 3D view and grid are shown below.
Cyan dash-and-dot lines show the projections of the grids which are visible on the view plane. Tekla Structures indicates the work area of a view using green, dashed lines. For more information, see: Help: Modeling > Getting started > Basics.
Save the model
To save the model: 5. Select File > Save from the pull-down menu or click the Save icon in the Standard toolbar.
Remember to save your model every now and then, and always when opening another model or exiting Tekla Structures.
Tekla Structures includes also an auto save feature that backs up and saves your work automatically at set intervals. These are set in the Autosave properties dialog box obtained from the Setup > Autosave pull-down menu. For more information on saving and auto saving, see: Help: Modeling > Getting started > Basics > Saving a model and exiting Tekla Structures Most commands of Tekla Structures are found both in menus (main or pop-up) and in toolbars (icons). In this training manual we will mainly use the pop-up menu to activate commands.
Copyright 2006 Tekla Corporation TEKLA STRUCTURES BASIC TRAINING Basic Modeling 1
There are several ways to execute commands in Tekla Structures: Icons Commands in main pull-down menu Commands in pop-up menu
By default all the commands are found in pull-down menu, and most of them in the icons. A pop-up menu appears when you click the right mouse button (right-click). If you have an object selected, the commands on the pop-up menu relate to that object.
For more information on Tekla Structures screen layout and toolbars, see: Help: Modeling > Introduction > Screen layout Help: Modeling > Introduction > Toolbars
To create the appropriate grid for BasicModel1 as shown above, you can delete the existing grid and create a new one from the Points > Grid pull-down menu. Alternatively you can modify the existing grid.
Modify the existing grid
To modify the existing grid: 1. 2. Double-click on the gridline. Complete the appearing Grid dialog box as shown below by filling in the X, Y and Z coordinates and the labels for the gridlines.
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3. 4.
Click Modify to apply the new grid values. Enter the grid file name, GRID1, and click the Save as button to save the grid values for later use. The settings are saved in the file GRID1.grd, which is stored in the attributes subfolder of your model folder.
For more information on grids and dialog box buttons, see: Help: Modeling > Introduction > Inputting information > Common buttons The number of decimals used in the Grid dialog box (as well as in other modeling dialog boxes) can be controlled from the Units and decimals... dialog box obtained from the Setup pull-down menu.
When the grid was modified, the work area of the view, shown with the green dashed line, was not updated.
Fit work area
To fit the work area according to the modified grid: 1. 2. Click the view to activate it. Right-click and select Fit work area from the pop-up menu.
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To create views along gridlines, 1. 2. Select one gridline. Right-click and select Create view > Grid views from the pop-up menu to open the Creation of views along grid lines dialog box.
3. 4.
Change the View properties as shown above and click the Show button of the XY view plane to open the View properties dialog box. Change the View depth values as shown below and click OK to close the dialog box.
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5.
Select the number of views as All and click Create in the Creation of views along grid lines dialog box.
The Views dialog box appears presenting all the created views. All invisible named views are listed on the left, and all visible views on the right.
For more information on view properties, see: Help: Modeling > Getting started > Views > View properties
Display or hide views
To display or hide views: 1. Click the Open named view list icon to open the Views dialog box (which is now already open).
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2. 3.
Select the view(s) you want to display or hide. Use the arrows to move view(s) from left to right (visible) or vice versa (invisible).
Do not keep too many views open at the same time. Nine is the maximum number of open views. You can open or close named views by clicking the Open named view list icon. Delete unnecessary views from the view list. To switch between views, press Ctrl+Tab.
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You can rotate the model in a 3D view with rendered view type. 1. 2. 3. Press the key v. In the view, pick a center of rotation. Hold down the Ctrl key, and click and drag with the middle mouse button.
With the shortcut Ctrl+P you can change the view angle between 3D and Plane, which is very useful.
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Column footing
1800*1800 footing
To create footings for columns: 1. Double-click on the Create pad footing icon. This will open Pad footing properties dialog box.
2.
Complete the Pad footing properties dialog box as shown below and click Apply.
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3. 4.
In the 3d view, pick the grid intersection A-1 to create the footing. Create the rest of the 1800*1800 footings at other intersections of gridline A by picking each position.
Help: Modeling > Parts > Part location > Position on work plane Help: Modeling > Parts > Part location > Position depth Help: Modeling > Parts > Part properties > Profile You can undo (and redo) previous commands one by one since the last save by clicking the icons or typing Ctrl + Z (Undo) and Ctrl + Y (Redo).
2700*2700 footing
While still in the command, 5. Complete the Pad footing properties dialog box for a 2700*2700 footing as shown below and Apply this. The footings on gridline B need offsetting from the gridline because there will be additional columns modeled afterwards. This offset will be accomplished by adjusting the Vertical Position value in the Pad footing properties dialog box.
6. 7.
Create the footings at intersections of the gridline B. Right click and select Interrupt to end the command.
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The commands will stay active until you interrupt them. To end commands, right-click and select Interrupt from the pop-up menu, or press the Esc key. To restart the last command used, press Enter.
Create footing
1.
2.
Complete the Pad footing properties dialog box as shown below and click Apply. You can select the profile for a part from the Select profile dialog box that opens next to the Profile field in the part properties dialog box. You can as well enter a profile name in the Profile field in the part properties dialog box.
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3.
Type 4500,4500 to define the position for the footing (typing the numbers automatically displays the Enter a numeric location dialog box).
4.
Help: Modeling > Settings and tools > Tools > Snapping
Copy the footing
1. 2. 3.
Click the footing once to select it. Right click and select Copy special > Translate from the pop-up menu.. Click copy.
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3. Complete the dialog's Position tab as shown below, and then click Apply.
3. Complete the dialog's Position tab as shown below, and then click Apply.
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4.
Pick the intersection of gridlines A-1 to create one column, and then pick grid B-1 to create the second column.
Copy columns
1. 2.
Select the columns that you just created by dragging a window across them. Right click and select Copy special> Translate from the pop-up menu. Complete the dialog box as shown below and click Copy.
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When you want to model identical structures, you can alternatively create one footing (and its reinforcement), the steel column on top of it and the base plate connection between the footing and the column, and copy this structural entity to all other positions of similar structures. You can select multiple parts in the model by holding down the Ctrl-key when selecting objects in the model.
Help: Modeling > Introduction > Selecting model objects > How to select objects
Silos
We will now model the steel silos by using solid parametric profiles. A more precise alternative would be to create the silo as a circular hollow section with a contour plate welded on top of it.
Create silos
1.
2.
Complete the Column properties dialog box as shown below, and then click Apply.
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3.
Pick the top point of the first silo footing and then the other.
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The visibility of objects in views depends on the work area, view depth, view setup, and view filter. You can also temporarily hide parts in a view by using the Hide tool (on the pop-up menu). In the pictures hereafter all the model objects created may not always be visible. Help: Modeling > Getting started > Views > Displaying and hiding objects in views
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1.
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5. In the PLAN +3850 view pick the intersection of gridlines A-4 and then B-4.
5. In the PLAN +3850 view pick the intersection of gridlines A-4 and then B-4.
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When inputting horizontal members always pick from left to right or from bottom to top for consistency purposes.
1.
Choose the select filter option beam_filter from the drop down list. Help: Modeling > Settings and tools > Filter > Select filter
2.
Copy beams
1.
Open the Grid 7 view, right-click and select Copy from the pop-up menu.
2. 3. 4.
Pick the gridline intersection B-3850 and then B-7350. Copy beams to level +13400 by repeating steps 1-2. Change the select filter option back to standard to enable also the selection of other objects than beams.
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By using the same beam properties that we applied earlier, create the missing beams at the gridline intersections shown in the figure below.
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Next we will create beams in locations where no gridlines intersect. The snapping tools help you pick points to position objects precisely without having to know the coordinates or layout additional lines or points. Help: Modeling > Settings and tools > Tools > Snapping
Create beam A
1. 2.
Double-click one of the existing beams in the model and press Apply. Start the beam command. 2. Start the concrete beam command.
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3.
Make sure only the Snap to reference lines / points icon of the two main snap switches on the right is pressed down.
4.
Make sure the Snap to mid points and Snap to end points icons are pressed down.
5.
Pick a midpoint of the beam between A2 and A-3 and then the midpoint of the beam between B-2 and B-3.
5. Pick a midpoint of the beam between A-2 and A-3 and then the midpoint of the beam between B-2 and B-3.
Create beam B
We will pick the start position of beam B by using the gridline intersection A-1 as a temporary reference point and tracking along gridline 1 in the direction of intersection B-1 for 9000 mm. We will then pick the second position of beam B using the temporary snap switch
Perpendicular.
1.
1.
2. 3.
Hold down the Ctrl key and pick gridline intersection A-1 as the origin to show the From location coordinates. Then use the cursor to snap (do not pick!!) in the correct direction (e.g. to gridline intersection B-1).
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4.
Type 9000 for the numeric location. (The Enter a numeric location dialog box will open automatically.)
5.
Pick second position of beam B
Press OK or Enter and the cursor snaps to the correct position. (=9000 mm from A-1 in the direction of B-1). Right click and select Perpendicular.
6.
7.
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Create beam C
While still in the beam command, 8. Right click and select Intersection for snap override.
9.
Pick the intersection of beam B and gridline 2 and then the intersection of gridlines B-2.
9. Pick the intersection of beam B and gridline 2 and then the intersection of gridlines B-2.
Create beam D
We will first create one of the beams that frame around the silo and then by using the Copy > Rotate command create the other three.
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Help: Modeling > Settings and tools > Settings and tools reference > Edit>Copy >Rotate 1. Hold down the Ctrl key and pick gridline intersection A-1 to show the From location coordinates, use the cursor to snap (do not pick!!) in the correct direction. (E.g. grid intersection B-1). Type 4000 for the numeric location and press Enter, the cursor snaps to the correct position.
2.
3. 4. 5.
Type the letter O on the keyboard to snap to positions in orthogonal directions on the work plane (0, 45, 90, 135, and 180 degrees). Let the cursor snap to the midpoint as shown below and pick. Type the letter O to turn the ortho off.
1. 2.
Select the beam that you just created. Right click and select Copy special > Rotate from the pop-up menu.
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3.
Pick the center point of the silo as the point to define the rotation (select a view in which the silos are visible and pick near the circumference to snap to the center point). The origin X0 and Y0 values will appear in the dialog box. Complete the other fields in the dialog. Click Copy.
4. 5.
Copy translate the beam to the other silo
We will now copy the beams to the other silo. 1. 2. Select the beams shown highlighted in the picture below (press the Ctrl key to add parts to the selection).
Copy special > translate them 9000 mm in the x direction.
Bracing
Working in the Grid A elevation view, we will input the vertical steel bracing members using the Create beam tool.
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1. 2.
Double-click on the Create beam icon. Complete the Beam properties dialog box as shown below and Apply.
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3.
In the 3d view create brace a by first picking the gridline intersection A-2 and then the midpoint of column A-3.
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4.
Create brace b by picking the top position of column A-2 and then midpoint of column A-3.
We can see from the drawing above that the lower end of the brace needs 200 mm offsetting from the grid level. Now we will use handles to move the part end. Help: Modeling > Parts > Part location 1. Select brace a to display the handles.
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2. 3. 4. 5.
Copy mirror braces a and b
Select the yellow handle (Tekla Structures then highlights the handle). Right click and select Move special > Translate to move the handle 200 mm upwards. Click Move. Repeat the procedure to move brace bs top handle 1000 mm downwards. Select braces a and b. Right click and select Copy special > Mirror In the 3d view, pick grid A-3 then grid B-3 to define the mirror line. Click Copy.
1. 2. 3. 4.
Help: Modeling > Settings and tools > Settings and tools reference > Edit>Copy >Mirror Now we have modeled all the steel and concrete members in Model1. The model should look like in the picture below.
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In the PLAN +13400 view: 1. Double-click on the Create concrete beam icon.
2.
Complete the Concrete beam properties dialog box as shown and Apply.
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If you have modeled steel columns and beams: 3. Pick the intersection of the column flange outer face and gridline 4 and then the intersection of the column flange outer face and gridline 5 (make sure that Snap to geometry lines/points is active).
If you have modeled concrete columns and beams: 3. Pick the intersection of the column outer border and gridline 4 and then the intersection of the column outer border and gridline 5 (make sure that Snap to geometry lines/points is active).
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1. 2. 3.
Select the slab that you just created. Right click and select Copy special > Translate from the pop-up menu. Type 1200 in the dY field of the Copy translate dialog box and 10 as the number of copies. Drag an area select, selecting all the concrete slabs. Right click and select Copy > Translate from the pop-up menu. Type 6000 in the dX field of the Copy - translate dialog box.
1. 2. 3.
4.
Click Copy.
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1.
Hold down the Ctrl key and select all the hollow-core slabs by dragging 3 areas through the slabs.
2.
Still holding down the Ctrl key, pick the two slabs shown in the picture below to unselect them.
3. 4. 5.
Right click and select Copy special > Translate from the pop-up menu. Enter -6050 in the dZ field of the Copy special > Translate dialog box, click Copy. Enter -9550 in the dZ field of the Copy special > Translate dialog box, click Copy.
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Concrete slab
1. 2.
Double-click on the Create concrete slab icon. Complete the Concrete slab properties dialog box as shown and Apply.
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3.
In the PLAN +13400 view pick point A (intersection of column flange outer face and gridline 1, shown in the drawing above).
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4.
Let the cursor snap to the position just picked (do not pick!) and press y to lock the y coordinate.
5.
Let the cursor now snap to the end point of the beam near point B and pick.
6.
7.
Pick point C.
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8.
Pick point D.
9.
1. 2.
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3. 4.
Press OK to close the dialog. Start picking the polygon shape at the middle of the hollow-core slab in gridline 5.
Copyright 2006 Tekla Corporation TEKLA STRUCTURES BASIC TRAINING Basic Modeling 1
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5.
Write: R then add 0, 600, to the Enter a numeric location dialog and press OK.
6. 7. 8.
Write: R then add 6050, 0, to the Enter a numeric location dialog and press OK. Write: R then add 0, -600, to the Enter a numeric location dialog and press OK. Close the polygon with middle button.
Now select the slab and copy it 3500.00 mm in z-direction using Copy special > Translate right button command. Now the Model1 framework is finished.
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SYSTEM COMPONENTS FOR PRECAST CONCRETE System Components for Precast Concrete
ii
Contents
Contents ................................................................................................................................ 1
SYSTEM COMPONENTS FOR PRECAST CONCRETE System Components for Precast Concrete
SYSTEM COMPONENTS FOR PRECAST CONCRETE System Components for Precast Concrete
ii
In this lesson
This lesson introduces the basics of creating system components in Tekla Structures. You will learn how to: Create connection and reinforcement components Work with component properties Save the properties for later use.
2.1
All available system components are located in the component catalog, which can be opened using Ctrl+F or by clicking the binocular icon on the component toolbar.
When applying a connection that you are unfamiliar with, accept the default properties and create the connection. Then look to see what needs to be modified. This is usually quicker than trying to set the values for the connection before seeing what the connection actually creates. Help: Detailing > Getting started > Using components > Creating components Help: Detailing > Getting started > Basics > Component concepts Help: Detailing > Getting started > Basics > Picking order Help: Detailing > Getting started > Basics > Up direction
1. 2.
Select all of the parts of the model by dragging an area select around the whole model. Right-click and select Clash check.
Tekla Structures highlights the colliding parts in yellow and displays the clash check log in the List dialog box. You can see that all the parts in the model collide.
3.
Select any clashing parts on the list and Tekla Structures highlights them in the model.
Use of components: Click once on the component icon to activate the command. Double-click on the component icon to activate the command and open the component dialog.
Note: if you click again on an already active command, the command will be deactivated.
2. 3.
To see pictures of the connection, check that the Thumbnails icon is active, see below. Type "battering" into the upper field and click on the Search button.
1.
Double-click on the Battering connection (13) icon to activate the command and open the dialog.
2.
3.
Extend beams
Click Apply to take the component setting in to use (the dialog is left open). Pick the column and then a beam at grid intersection A-1 to extend the beam.
4.
5. 6.
Repeat for grid intersections A-4, B-1, B-2, B-3 and B-4. Leave the command running.
1.
Select standard from the drop-down menu at the top of the dialog and click Load (the clearance value field is cleared).
2.
Shorten all the other beams
Click OK to apply the settings and close the dialog. Pick the extended beam at the grid intersection A-1 and then the other beam. The secondary beam is fit according to the primary beam.
3.
4.
Repeat the procedure for all those beam-to-beam situations in the model where beams clash with each other.
Next cut the column on grid A-4 in the same way: 1. 2. Pick beam. Pick column.
3.
Repeat to all the columns on gridlines 1 to 4. (Note! If you are working on level +13400 and the view depth is 500, you may not see the cut columns, but they are visible in other views.) Interrupt the command.
4.
2.
Set the connection parameters
Double-click on the connection icon to open the connection dialog. Change the component settings according to the dialog below.
3.
4.
Create the connection
Accept the settings by clicking OK. At grid A-4, elevation +3850, pick the column and then the beam.
5.
6.
Check connection
To make it easier to check the connection you created, you can create views from different sides of a selected connection. In the view the work area is closely fitted around the connection.
Create connection basic views Select connection
1. 2. 3.
Select the component. Right mouse click. Select Create view > Component basic views.
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4.
Keep the connection front view open and close the other connection basic views.
Check dimensions
We will now check that the corbel dimensions are as we defined on the connection dialog. Help: Modeling > Settings and Tools > Querying objects > Measure
1.
2. 3.
Pick two points at the edges of the corbel. Pick a third point to define the dimension line location.
4.
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We will now check the cast unit. Help: Modeling > Parts > Cast units and assemblies 1. Press down ALT and then pick column. The corbel will also be highlighted.
The corbel and the other connection objects are automatically added to the column cast unit.
1. 2.
Reactivate the Corbel connection (14) command. Repeat the creation procedure to all the other column-beam situations on gridlines 4 to 7 at elevations +3850 and +7350.
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2.
Create the connection
Use the default settings (click the connection only once). Pick the column and the beam on grid B-7, elevation +13400.
3.
5.
13
Find Grating penetration component (92) in the component catalog. Double-click on the icon to open the properties dialog. Set the Penetration type to Rectangular and the clearance around the column to 20 mm.
3.
4.
Create the connection
Close the dialog with OK. At grid A-4, elevation +3850, pick the hollow-core slab. Pick the column.
5. 6.
7.
Repeat steps 5 and 6 for all other hollow-core slab corners that collide with columns.
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1. 2. 3.
Find the Pad footing (77) component in the component catalog. Double-click on the component to define the properties to be used. Check the cover thicknesses on the Picture tab page:
4.
Next define primary bars as described below. Select the grade and size from the Select reinforcing bar dialog, which opens when you push the button in the size field. Exit the dialog with OK.
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5. 6.
Use the same settings for the secondary bars and put 12 mm reinforcement in 200 mm intervals. Then you need to set the lacer bars as described below.
7. 8.
Create reinforcements
Save the values in the Save as field with the name 1800*1800-650. Close the dialog with OK. Now pick the Pad footing at A-1 sized 1800*1800*650. The macro generates the reinforcement inside the pad footing.
9.
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You can create reinforcements components to multiple parts by using area select, e.g. activate component, area select all pad footings on grid line A. Note, if you already have reinforcement created e.g. A&1 and you area select it together with the others, second set of reinforcements will be created.
For pad footings on gridline B we will use the Pilecap reinforcement component, which creates reinforcement also to the top of the footing. For more information click the help in the component dialog.
Define component parameters
1. 2. 3.
Find the Pilecap reinforcement (76) component in the component catalog. Double-click on the reinforcing component to define the properties to be used. Check the cover thicknesses on the Picture tab page:
4.
Next define top primary and secondary bars as described below. Select the grade and the size in the Select reinforcing bar dialog, which opens when you click on the button [] in the size field. Exit the dialog with OK. With these settings, top bars will be created only under columns 150% of the column size.
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5.
Now define bottom bars for primary and secondary directions using 16 mm bars in 150 mm spacing, bend length on both sides is 700 mm. The bottom bars don't need to suit the piles, so you can use the default in that field and leave the % fields empty. Then set 10 mm diameter lacer bars at 200 mm intervals starting at 100 and ending at 700 mm. Save the values in the Save as field with the name 2700*2700-850. Close the dialog with OK. Now pick first the Pad footing sized 2700*2700*850 at B-1, then the column on top of the footing. End with clicking the middle mouse button. The macro generates the reinforcement inside the pad footing and concentrates top bars under the column.
6. 7. 8.
Create reinforcements
9.
Reinforcing columns
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We will now create reinforcements into columns using the Rectangular column reinforcement component. See more information by clicking the Help icon in the component dialog.
Define component parameters to be used on gridlines 5 to 7
1. 2. 3.
Find Rectangular column reinforcement (83) in the component catalog. Double-click on the component to define the properties to be used. Turn on side bars, and define cover thickness and rebar diameters as described below:
4.
Set the top bars so that they hold the dowel as shown below:
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5.
6.
Create reinforcements
Press OK to close the dialog. Pick the column on grid intersection A-7, and the component generates reinforcements inside the column.
7.
8.
Pick, one by one, all the columns on gridlines A and B between gridlines 5 and 7. . (Note: you can also use area select as explained on page 17)
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We will now change the component settings to be used on the columns between gridlines 1 and 4.
1. 2.
Double-click on the component in the component catalog again. Change the main rebars to come out from the top of the column (into the in-situ beams) as shown below.
3.
4.
Create reinforcements
Click OK to lock the settings and close the dialog. Pick the column at A-1, and the component creates reinforcements as defined.
5.
6.
Pick, one by one, all the columns on gridlines A and B between gridlines 1 and 4. (Note: you can also use area select as explained on page 17)
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We will next reinforce the column corbels using the Corbel reinforcement (81) component. See more information by clicking the Help icon in the component dialog. 1. 2.
Create reinforcements
Find the Corbel reinforcement (81) in the catalog. Click the component icon once to active the command. Pick first the column, then the corbel and end the selection with the middle mouse button. The component generates reinforcements inside the corbel and the column.
3.
4.
To see connections, such as a corbel connection, in shaded wire frame, use the shortcut Shift+2.
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You can create the corbel reinforcement in a two-sided situation by picking first the column, then both the corbels and then end the selection with the middle mouse button.
Two components don't interact together - depending on the settings, it is possible that reinforcements collide. Check collisions with clash check option. Remember to use object in components select switch, see page 27.
Reinforcing beams
We will next create reinforcements into beams using two reinforcing components. See more information by clicking the Help icon in the component dialog.
Find Beam reinforcement (63) in the catalog. We are going to use the default settings. Click on the reinforcing component once to activate the command. Pick the beam at gridline 7 at elevation +3850. The component generates reinforcements inside the beam and cuts the bottom bars at the corbels.
3.
4.
Pick, one by one, all the precast concrete beams between gridlines 4 and 7. (Note: you can also use area select as explained on page 16)
We will continue reinforcing the beams by inserting additional rebars at the beam ends. This we will do with the Beam end reinforcement (79) component. See more information by clicking the Help icon in the component dialog. 1. 2. 3. Find the Beam end reinforcement (79). We are going to use the default settings. Click on the reinforcing component once to activate the command. Pick a position at the end of a beam. (Note: this point can be any corner at the end of the beam)
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Create reinforcement
4.
Pick the beam, and the component generates reinforcements inside the beam.
5.
Repeat the picking for each end of all precast concrete beams between gridlines 4 and 7 at elevations +3850 and +7350.
Next we will create the beam end reinforcement for a beam at elevation +13400.
Create reinforcement
1.
Using the same settings, create the beam end reinforcement at grid intersection A-7 at +13400.
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As shown above, the reinforcements come through the cut at the top of the beam. So we need to change the parameters and modify the connection.
2.
3.
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In the dialog, study the area marked with a red frame above. The problem rebars are defined as 5A.
Change connection parameters
4.
Go to the Groups tab and change the distance between the rebars to 30.00 210.00 40.00 as shown below.
5.
Click Modify.
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The connection is modified and the rebars are arranged according to the new settings.
6.
Create reinforcements
Click Apply to use the new settings. Create the beam end reinforcements to all the other beams at elevation +13400.
7.
When trying to select the component it is important to understand the Select component and Select objects in component icons in the Select toolbar:
When the Select component icon is active you can only select the component, not the objects created by the component. You can open the component dialog by double-clicking on any component object.
When the Select objects in components icon is active you can select objects inside the component: parts, bolts, reinforcements, etc. If you need to modify the component you need to double-click on the component symbol.
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Reinforcing slabs
We will next create reinforcement mesh into the slabs at elevations +3850 and +7350 using the Slab bars (18) reinforcing component. See more information by clicking the Help icon in the component dialog. 1. 2.
Define component parameters
Find Slab bars (18) in the catalog. Double-click on the component to define the properties to be used. Define the cover thickness to be used.
3.
4.
Open the Bottom bars tab page and set the bar diameter to 10 mm, and spacing in both directions to 200 mm. Change also the bar generation type to mesh.
5. 6.
Create mesh
Use the same settings for top bars. Close the dialog with OK. Pick the cast in-situ slab between gridlines 5 and 6 at level +3850. The macro generates reinforcements inside the slabs.
7.
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8.
Lifting hooks
We will next create lifting anchors into beams and columns using the Lifting anchor (80) macro. The macro generates lifting anchors according to center of gravity. See more information by clicking the Help icon in the component dialog. 1. 2.
Define component parameters
Find Lifting anchor (80) in the component catalog. Double-click on the component to define the properties to be used. Select anchor shape and define anchor dimensions. Select anchor size and grade. Change also side and class.
3. 4. 5.
6.
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7.
Pick the column at grid intersection A-1. The macro generates lifting anchors inside the column.
8.
Pick, one by one, all the columns on gridline A. (Note: you can also use area select as explained on page 16)
The corbels are on the other side of the columns on gridline B so we need to modify the lifting anchors to appear on the other side of the column.
Change component parameters
1.
2.
Create lifting anchor
Click OK to lock the settings and close the dialog. Pick, one by one, all the columns on gridline B. (Note: you can also use area select as explained on page 16)
3.
Still using the Lifting anchor (80) component, we are going to create lifting anchors to all the pre-cast concrete beams. 1.
Change component parameters
Double-click on the component again. Change the anchor shape and dimensions and apply.
2.
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3.
Pick the beam on gridline 7 at elevation +3850. The macro generates a lifting anchor inside the beam.
4.
One by one, pick all the pre-cast concrete beams. (Note: you can also use area select as explained on page 16)
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3.
Click Modify.
As you can see, the reinforcement inside the corbel and the beam will be modified according to the changed corbel size.
We can easily modify only connections of the same type shown in the connection dialog by selecting Ignore other types in the connection dialog box. Help: Detailing > Getting started > Using components > Modifying components 1. Check that Ignore other types is selected in the connection dialog box.
2. Select all the connections in the model by using the Select connection select switch shown below and dragging a window around the whole model.
3. Click Modify.
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Contents
ii
In this lesson
This lesson introduces the basics of creating system connections in Tekla Structures. You will learn how to: Create connections Work with connection properties Save the properties for later use Work with AutoDefaults, i.e. create rules to apply pre-defined connection properties automatically
All available system components are located in the component catalog, which can be opened using Ctrl+F or by clicking the binocular icon on the component toolbar.
When applying a connection that you are unfamiliar with, accept the default properties and create the connection. Then look to see what needs to be modified. This is usually quicker than trying to set the values for the connection before seeing what the connection actually creates. Help: Detailing > Getting started > Using components > Creating components Help: Detailing > Getting started > Basics > Component concepts
Copyright 2006 Tekla Corporation TEKLA STRUCTURES BASIC TRAINING Creating System Components for Steel
Help: Detailing > Getting started > Basics > Picking order Help: Detailing > Getting started > Basics > Up direction
1. 2.
Select all of the parts of the model by dragging an area select around the whole model. Right-click and select Clash check.
Tekla Structures highlights the colliding parts in yellow and displays the clash check log in the List dialog box. You can see that all of the parts in the model collide.
Select any clashing parts from the list and Tekla Structures highlights them in the model.
1.
Open the component catalog by clicking on the binocular icon or by typing Ctrl+F.
2. 3.
To see pictures of the connection, check that the Thumbnails icon is active, see below. Type "base plate" into the upper field and click on the Search button. In the Component catalog, double-click on the Base plate (1004) icon.
4.
5. 6. 7.
Click OK to accept the default values. Pick any column. When prompted, pick the bottom endpoint of the column as the position and the base plate will be created.
8.
Use the shortcut Ctrl+2 to set the parts displayed in shaded wire frame.
You can see that the anchor bolts were created just as ordinary bolts.
We will change the bolts in the base plate to anchor rods by modifying the connection properties. 1. 2. 3. Double-click on the green connection symbol, and the Base plate dialog box will reopen. Select the Anchor rods tab page in the dialog box. Edit the values in the fields shown highlighted in the figure below.
4. 5.
Click Modify and the bolts become anchor bars. Click OK to accept the properties for use later.
1.
Press the Enter key to start the base plate command again. To repeat the last command, do one of the following: Click Edit -> Repeat last command
Press Enter
2.
Create the rest of the base plates by picking each column and then the position for the base plate.
1.
Open the component dialog (Ctrl+F or binocular icon), find the Shear plate simple (146) connection, and double-click on its icon.
2. 3.
Pick the beam on gridline 1 as the main part of the connection. Pick the beam perpendicular to the main part to be the secondary part and the connection will be created.
To create component basic views: 1. 2. Select the connection symbol. Right-click and select Create view > Component basic views, and four basic views (front, top end and perspective) appear.
3.
Check bolt dimensions
Keep the Component front view open and close the other component basic views.
We will now check the bolt location distances and bolt edge distances between bolts and the shear plate. Help: Modeling > Settings and tools > Querying objects > Measure 1. 2. 3. Click Tools > Measure > Bolt measure. Pick the bolt group. Pick the shear plate and the temporary dimensions are shown in the view.
10
Now we will accept the created connection with the default properties.
Create the rest of the shear plates
With the connections applied properties, create shear plate connections to all the other beam to beam conditions.
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End plate
We will now use the End plate (144) connection to make all beam to column web connections using the default connection properties. We will modify the properties later with AutoDefaults.
Create end plates
1.
2.
Make an end plate connection at every beam to column web condition where there is only one secondary beam coming to the column web. The column is the main part in the connection, so when prompted, pick the column as the main part.
1.
12
2. 3. 4.
When prompted, pick the column as the main part. Pick each beam as a secondary part. Click the middle mouse button to complete the connection. When there are multiple secondaries you need to click the middle mouse button to complete the selection. Help: Detailing > Getting started > Basics > Picking order
1.
2. 3. 4.
Pick the column on grid intersection A-3 as the main part. Pick the four braces, one by one, as secondaries. Click the middle mouse button to create the connection.
Now we can see that the connection created has only one gusset plate which goes through the column. We could also have created a separate gusset plate at each side of the column by creating two separate connections.
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While still in the command, create the connections to the other ends of the braces by doing the following: 1. 2. 3. Pick the column. Pick the brace. Click the middle mouse button to create the connection.
1.
On the Bracebolts1, Bracebolts2 and Bracebolts3 tab pages, edit the number of horizontal and vertical bolt rows as shown in the figures below.
2.
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The Bracebolts1 tab affects the first picked brace, Bracebolts2 tab the second pick and Bracebolts3 picks 3-9.
Check that the number of bolt rows was changed and that the clearance is correct. To check the clearance: 1. Click the Create X measure icon.
2.
3. 4.
Pick a point to locate the dimension. Repeat for the other dimensions you want to check.
Now we will also modify the other tube gusset connections with the new properties we applied.
Modify all the tube gusset connections at once
We can easily modify only connections of the same type shown in the connection dialog by selecting Ignore other types in the connection dialog box. 1. Check that Ignore other types is selected in the connection dialog box. Help: Modifying connections
Copyright 2006 Tekla Corporation TEKLA STRUCTURES BASIC TRAINING Creating System Components for Steel
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2.
Select all the connections in the model by using the Select connections select switch shown below and dragging a window around the whole model.
3.
Click Modify.
We will now save the edited properties for later use. By saving the properties with a descriptive name you can easily use them later. You can also get AutoDefaults to automatically use the saved properties in desired cases by setting up AutoDefaults rules.
4. 5.
Type Wall bracings in the Save as field in the dialog box. Click the Save as button.
End plate
Create end plates
1.
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2.
1. 2.
Double-click one of the connections we just created to open the connection dialog box. On the Bolts tab input 8 as the number of bolt rows.
3.
Click Modify.
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4.
Type 8_bolt_rows in the Save as field in the dialog box and click Save as.
5. 6.
On the Bolts page input 7 as the number of bolt rows. Use Save as to save the properties as 7_bolt_rows.
When the secondary is neither of the above (IPE500 or IPE600) the default rule will be met and the standard properties will be used.
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1. 2.
Click Setup > AutoDefaults to open the AutoDefaults setup dialog box. Right-click in the dialog and select New rule group, and a rule group named New appears.
3.
Select the New rule group, press the F2 key and type: Industrial building rules.
1. 2.
Browse to Industrial building rules > Components 4 > Tube gusset (20). Select the standard.j120 parameters, right-click and pick Select connection
parameters
3.
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The Tube gusset (20) connection will now use Wall bracing parameters in all cases
1. 2.
Browse to Industrial building rules > Components 1 > End plate (144). Right-click the connection Endplate (144) and select Create additional rule sets.
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3.
Two rule sets: New and Default appear in the tree. By default, both rule sets have standard connection properties selected.
1.
Right-click the rule set New and select Edit rule set... to open the AutoDefault Rules dialog box.
2. 3.
Enter name for rule set
Select the rule Secondary 1 profile from the Available rules list. Click the right arrow button to move the selected rule into the list of rules in the rule set. In the right pane under Exact value, fill in IPE600. Enter a name for the rule set: Secondary IPE600. Click OK.
4. 5. 6.
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We have used the End plate (144) connection both in beam to column web and beam to column flange cases so the rule will now be used in both cases. We could make this rule to work only in beam to beam flange cases by setting another rule: Secondary beam to beam flange TRUE.
7.
8. 9.
This opens Attribute file list in which all the saved properties for connection 144 are listed. Select the 8_bolt_rows properties and click OK.
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1. 2.
Select the rules set Secondary IPE600, right-click and select Copy rule set. While the rule set Secondary IPE600 is still selected, right-click again and select Paste rule set.
3. 4.
Select the upper Secondary IPE600 rule set, right-click and select Edit rule set Modify the value in the rule to IPE500 and the Rule set name to Secondary IPE500 and click OK.
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5. 6.
Select the properties 8_bolt_rows under the rule set Secondary IPE500, right-click and pick Select connection parameters Select the parameters: 7_bolt_rows and click OK.
7.
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5. 6. 7.
Save as ipe600. Select all of the connections in the model. Click Modify.
Copyright 2006 Tekla Corporation TEKLA STRUCTURES BASIC TRAINING Creating System Components for Steel
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Since all the secondaries in our end plate connection are IPE600, they all pass the Secondary IPE 600 rule and result in having the same properties, 8_bolt_rows.
1. 2.
Double-click one of the beams selected in the figure below to open the beam properties dialog box. Change the profile to IPE500 and tick only the profile check box.
3.
Select the four beams shown highlighted in the figure below and click Modify.
You can see that the connections in the modified beams were updated to have 7 rows of bolts.
1. 2.
Select one of the connection symbols of the changed profiles. Right-click and select Inquire.
From the inquire object dialog box you can check which rule group, particular rule and connection attributes were used.
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1. 2.
Select all of the parts by dragging an area select around the whole model. Right-click and select Clash check.
To quickly locate and view colliding parts in the model, select a line containing the ID numbers of colliding parts from the list. Tekla Structures highlights the parts in the model.
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Contents
Contents ................................................................................................................................. i
ii
In this lesson
Tekla Structures covers a great variety of the connection and reinforcement components used in most projects. However, you may come across situations where it's not possible to make the necessary detail in your model using the system components. In this lesson we will practice interactive detailing. We will create interactive reinforcements, cast units, embeds, column shoe connections and cuts.
1. 2. 3.
Double-click on the background of the 3D view to open view properties. Click Display. Turn off points, reinforcements, cuts, fittings and component symbols.
4. 5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Click OK to accept the settings. Tekla Structures has also pre-defined select filters, which you can find from the drop down menu next to select filter icon e.g. "BEAM_CONCRETE" filters according to BEAM name and CONCRETE material. You can easily create more pre-defined select filters, just do save as on select filter dialog.
5. 6.
Rotate the 3D view so that it is easy to select the in-situ beams. Window-select the beams.
7.
The cast unit is colored cyan. The main part of the cast unit is colored magenta. The main part can be changed by selecting any part, right-click, select Set as new main part of assembly.
8. 9.
Click on the arrow on the select toolbar to view the drop-down menu. Select standard on the select filter drop-down menu to load the standard values.
Remember that you can always check the cast unit by holding down the Alt key and selecting a part. Alt + Select
1. 2.
Double-click on the Create beam icon to open the beam properties dialog. Apply the properties for the fastening plate as shown in the dialog box below.
3.
Hold down the Ctrl key and pick a reference point from the middle of the braces.
4.
While still holding down the Ctrl key, pick another reference point from the edge of the column.
5.
6.
Let the cursor snap (do not pick) to the edge of the column below the previous point.
7.
Type 450 (the Enter a numeric location dialog will open automatically)
8.
Locate end position
Press Enter. Right mouse click and select snap override Near again.
9.
10. Let the cursor snap (do not pick) to the edge of the column above the previous point.
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Create stud
Next we will create steel parts for studs. We will create one completed stud with welds, and then move and copy it to the correct locations.
14. Change the beam properties of the studs as shown in the dialog box below.
11
In plane view (2D), the picking of start/end points is always to view plane in depth wise (in this situation to grid A). So in order to place the stud in correct position we need define starting point 50mm into the view. We can do this with reference point
Define start and end positions
16. Hold down the Ctrl and pick a reference point at the bottom inner corner of the plate. 17. Type 0, 50, 50 (direction x, y, z). 18. Press Enter 19. Type 100, 0, 0. (this creates end point 100mm in x direction) 20. Press Enter
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Change the profile to D30. Click OK. Turn the view to 3D with Ctrl+P Pick starting point at the end of the stud. Type 15, 0, 0. (this creates end point 15mm in x direction) Click Enter. Interrupt the command.
Copyright 2006 Tekla Corporation TEKLA STRUCTURES BASIC TRAINING Interactive Precast Concrete Detailing
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Create welds
Next we are going to weld the stud head to the stud body. The stud is then welded to the plate. This will create an embed assembly. Help: Modeling > Detailing > Detailing commands > Weld
Define weld parameters
1.
2.
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3.
Pick parts to be welded
Click OK. Pick the body of the stud (the primary part for the first weld). Pick the head of the stud (the secondary part for the first weld). Pick the plate (the primary part for the second weld). Pick the body of the stud (the secondary part for the second weld).
4. 5. 6. 7.
It is very important to enter the welding order correctly. Tekla Structures uses the welding order to determine the primary and secondary parts of the assembly. This affects the position of the parts in the drawings.
Inquire assembly
You can check assemblies using the command Inquire Assembly. 1. 2. Pick the plate (or any part of the assembly). Right-click and select Inquire > Assembly.
The main part of the assembly will appear red and other parts will appear yellow.
To select the entire assembly: press the Alt key while clicking on a part in the assembly.
Copy studs
Next we will copy the stud to the correct locations to complete the embed.
Select part to be copied
1.
Select the stud and welds with a window from left to right
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Copy
2. 3. 4.
Right-click and select Copy special > Translate -100 mm in y direction. Click Copy. Interrupt.
5. 6.
Select both studs and welds with a window from left to right (exactly like in step 1). Right-click, select Copy special > Translate 4 times 200 mm in z direction.
7. 8. 9.
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11. Pick the embed (all the parts of embed are highlighted). 12. Right-click, select Assembly > Add as sub-assembly. 13. Pick the column.
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Create fitting
We will use the Fitting command to trim the braces at the embed. The Fitting tool will trim the end of the part on a plane perpendicular to the view plane, which is defined by picking 2 points on a line. Help: Modeling > Detailing > Fine-tuning part shape > Fitting 1. Click the Create fitting icon.
2.
Define cut line
Window-select the braces to be fitted. Pick the points on the plate corners to set the cutting line for the fitting.
3.
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1. 2.
Double-click on the Create weld icon. Apply the settings as shown below.
3. 4. 5.
Pick the first brace. Pick the plate. Repeat for the other brace.
The connection has been finalized. In lesson 4 we will create a custom component out of the embed and the connection.
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1. 2. 3.
Open the component catalog. Right-click, select Import. Select the fastener plate file (in Finland: SBK L-K L -J PL -PK L fastening plates.uel)
Note! You need to have predefined custom components files downloaded in order to complete this task!
4.
5.
Define custom part parameters
Double-click on the SBKL component. Select and load the SBKL200x300 settings.
6.
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7.
Click OK.
1.
At the bottom of the column at grid intersection A2, pick the insertion point at the intersection of the column edge and the brace center line (use fully rendered view Ctrl+4). Pick a point below the insertion point to show the direction of the component.
2.
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Next we will add the embed to the cast unit just like before. Note: component itself can't be added to the cast unit, so we need to select the objects inside the component.
Select parts
3.
4.
Add parts to cast unit
Pick the custom component (all the parts of the embed are highlighted). Right-click, select Assembly > Add as sub-assembly. Pick the column.
5. 6.
To finalize this connection we will fit the brace and site-weld it to the plate just like we did earlier when we created a brace connection from scratch.
Fit the brace
1. 2. 3.
Click the Create fitting icon. Select the brace to be fitted. Pick the points on the plate corners to set the cut line for the fitting.
Site weld
1. 2. 3.
Activate the Create weld icon (previous site-weld settings are still applied). Pick the brace. Pick the plate.
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22
Open the component catalog. Right-click, select Import. Select the column shoe file (in Finland: HPK M -PPK M -PEC column shoes.uel). Right-click, Import. This time, select anchor bolt file (in Finland: HPM-PPM anchor bolts.uel). Select custom on the drop-down menu to display custom components.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Next we will insert a column shoe and an anchor bolt at the edge of the column at grid A-7. We will first insert the components and then move them to the correct location.
Inserting the components
1. 2.
Click once on the HPKM24 column shoe to activate it. Pick the corner of the column.
3.
4.
Click OK or Enter.
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5. 6.
Now we will move the components to the correct location, but first we will have to make sure that we select the whole components, not the parts inside the components.
Move the components to correct location
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Press the Select component icon on the select toolbar. Select the column shoe. Right-click, Move special > Translate. G ive t he necessary values in the dX and dY fields as shown below. Click Move.
6.
Interrupt.
Copyright 2006 Tekla Corporation TEKLA STRUCTURES BASIC TRAINING Interactive Precast Concrete Detailing
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7. 8. 9.
Now select the anchor bolt. Type the necessary dZ =80 value into the Move dialog (the dX and dY values are the same as those of the column shoe). Click Move.
10. Interrupt.
The column shoe and the anchor bolt are now in the correct location.
Next we will create a very small cutting part with the Concrete slab command, which we will use for cutting the column corner according to the column shoe.
Create a cutting part
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Hide the column shoe and the anchor bolt. Double-click on the Create concrete slab icon. Define a 210 mm thick slab. Define the slab position to Front with -10 mm offset. Pick the corner of the column. Let the cursor snap to the other corner of the column (do not pick).
7. 8.
Type 100. Select perpendicular snap override (right-click) and let the cursor snap to the opposite edge of the column.
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9.
Type 100.
10. Select perpendicular snap override again and let the cursor snap to the edge of the column according to the picture.
11. Type 100. 12. Click the middle mouse button to close the polygon.
13. Interrupt.
We now need to move the cutting part to the correct position and round the corner. Open the view at elevation +0 to see the needed distance better.
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1. 2. 3.
Select cutting part. Right-click, Move special > Translate. Define dX = 7 mm and dY = -7 mm.
4.
Round corner of the slab
Click Move. Double-click on the chamfer at the back corner to open the Chamfer properties dialog. Select the rounded corner option and define the radius as 15 mm. Click Modify.
5. 6. 7.
Next we will copy-rotate the column shoe, anchor bolt and cutting part 3 times to the other corners of the column. Redraw the view to bring back the hidden column shoe and anchor bolt.
Copy rotate
1. 2.
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3. 4.
Pick the grid intersection as the rotation origin. Define the number of copies as 3 and rotation angle as 90.
5.
Click Copy.
The column shoe and the anchor bolts are now at each corner of the column.
Now we need to cut the column according to the cutting part and then delete the parts. (In section 3.6 cut options are explained in more detail.)
Create cuts
1.
2. 3. 4. 5.
Pick the column. Click on the cutting part. Repeat to all the corners. Delete all the cutting parts.
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To finalize the connection we will add the column shoes to the column cast unit and the anchor bolts to the pad footing cast unit.
Select parts
1.
2.
Add parts to cast unit
Hold down Ctrl and pick all four column shoes (all the parts are highlighted). Right-click, Assembly > Add as sub-assembly. Pick the column.
3. 4.
The column shoes have been added to the column cast unit. 5. Repeat to the anchor bolts.
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First we will create two rebars tying the in-situ slab together with the hollow-core slabs.
Define rebar parameters
1.
2. 3. 4.
Click Select to define the rebar size and grade. The bending radius is defined automatically according to the rebar. Select 10 mm main reinforcement. Click OK on the Select reinforcing bar dialog.
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5. 6.
Use the No hook option for both ends. Define the first and last segment leg length as 1000 mm as shown below.
7.
8. 9.
Define rebar shape
Close the dialog with OK. Pick the slab at the first floor.
10. Define a U-shaped poly-line as shown below. You can pick the start and end positions at any locations (use near snap override), because the segment length has been defined as 1000 mm.
11. Click the middle mouse button to end defining the rebar shape.
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12. Define the group direction with two points as shown below.
The reinforcements are created after the second pick. Next, we will copy-mirror the reinforcements to the other end of the slab. 1. 2. 3. Select the reinforcements. Right-click, Copy special > Mirror. Indicate the mirror line at the middle of the slab with two points.
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Next we are going to create a reinforcing bar group for the other direction.
Create rebar group
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Double-click on the Create reinforcing bar group icon. Click Select to define the rebar size and grade. The bending radius is defined automatically according to the rebar. Select the 10 mm stirrup reinforcement. Click OK on the Select reinforcing bar dialog. Use the 50 mm long 135-degree custom hook with 20mm radius. Define 25 mm cover thickness in the on-plane direction and 25 mm in the from-plane direction.
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7. 8.
G o to the Group tab page. Define the group creation method as exact spacing with flexible first and last space. Set intervals to 200 using normal group type.
9.
10. Pick the in-situ slab. 11. Now define the rebar shape. This time we need to pick the points at the corners of the slab.
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12. Click the middle mouse button to end defining the rebar shape. 13. Next define the group location by picking the start and end positions at the long side corners.
Clash check
Redraw the window and if necessary turn on reinforcing from the view settings. 1. Click the Select objects in components icon.
Copyright 2006 Tekla Corporation TEKLA STRUCTURES BASIC TRAINING Interactive Precast Concrete Detailing
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2.
3.
In case of collision, a list will open to indicate the id numbers of the colliding rebars. Select the first row and those colliding rebars will be highlighted in the model. As you can see, the mesh collides with the L rebar and the stirrups also collide also with the L rebar. Open the G R ID 5 view and the elevation view +3850.
Modify stirrups
1. 2. 3.
Double-click on the stirrups. Change the cover thickness of the second segment to 35. Change the From plane distance to 45.
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4.
Click Modify.
The U bars cover thicknesses change as shown above. The L shaped bar is still colliding with the mesh and the stirrups so we need to modify it further.
Modify L shaped rebars
1. 2.
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3.
Click Modify.
The L bar cover thicknesses change as shown above. Run the clash check again and continue modifications if necessary.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Delete the slab at elevation +7350. Hold down Alt and select the slab at +3850 (slab and reinforcements will be highlighted). Right-click, Copy special > Translate. Set dZ = 3500. Click Copy.
Next we will create seam reinforcements between hollow-core slabs on the first floor. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Open the view at elevation +3850. Double-click on the Create reinforcing bar group icon. (See settings on the dialog below) Change the name to SEAM_ REBAR. Click Select to define the rebar size and grade. The bending radius is defined automatically according to the rebar. Select 12 mm main reinforcement. Click OK on the Select reinforcing bar dialog. Change class to 4. Turn off hooks. Define 50 mm cover thickness for the On plane direction and 0 for other directions.
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10. Change the rebar group to exact spacing and define 8 spaces. 11. Apply.
12. Pick the hollow-core slab next to the in-situ slab (in plan view, above the in-situ slab). 13. Use the following snap settings: 14. Hold down Ctrl and pick a reference point (1) between the hollow-core slabs close to the corner of the in-situ slab. 15. Type 1200. 16. Let the cursor snap to the right between the slabs. 17. Type 2400.
Copyright 2006 Tekla Corporation TEKLA STRUCTURES BASIC TRAINING Interactive Precast Concrete Detailing
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18. Click the middle mouse button. 19. Show the range to reinforce with two points.
20. Interrupt.
Next we will detach the seam rebars from the hollow-core slab that we picked while creating the rebars. Otherwise, the seam reinforcements would be shown in the cast unit drawing created for that hollow-core slab. 1. 2. Select the seam rebars. Right-click, Detach from part.
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There are numerous places in our model in which the parts are still colliding with each other, and the shape of the parts needs to be modified with the cutting tools. We will use these cutting tools to cut the concrete slabs with the silos (part cut) and then create a penetration for a column (polygon cut) through a hollow-core slab.
1. 2.
On the View properties dialog, Display, check that cuts are visible. Click on the Create part cut icon.
3. 4. 5.
Pick one of the slabs as the part to be cut. Pick the related silo as the cutting part. Click the middle mouse button. The slab is now cut. A striped antimatter part cut the same size as the silo appears.
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In order to have clearance between the concrete slab and the silo we will now modify the size of the profile used to make the part cut. 1. Disable all the selection switches except for the Select cuts switch. This will make it easier to select the part cut.
2. 3. 4.
Double-click on the part cut. The Column properties dialog box appears. Uncheck all the modify check boxes and change the profile as shown in the dialog below:
5.
Click Modify.
This creates a 150 mm gap all the way around between the slab and the silo.
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The part cut height is still equal to the height of the cutting part (= the silo). Sometimes it is more convenient to work with shorter part cuts. By inquiring the slab (select object, right-click, select Inquire > Part) you can see that the slab bottom level is +13400 and top level +13575.
Change part cut height
Double-click on the part cut to open the Column properties dialog box. On the Position tab page: 1. 2. Change the bottom level to 13000 and top level to 13800. Click Modify.
Now the part cut is just a little thicker than the slab, which is enough.
3.
The antimaterial part will automatically adjust to the new situation and cut the other slab.
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Contents
Contents..................................................................................................................................i
In this lesson
Tekla Structures system components cover a great variety of the components used in most projects. However, you may come across situations where it's not possible to make the necessary connections in your model using the system components. In this chapter we will take advantage of the Tekla Structures tube gusset connection by using it as a base for a connection. We will explode the system component, modify the ungrouped objects and then add objects to the connection using a system component detail. We will also create a whole new connection (i.e. all connection objects: parts, welds, bolts and cuts) interactively from scratch without using any system components.
In the figure on the left we see the connection before the stiffeners have been added. In the figure on the right we see how the connection will look after the stiffeners have been added.
Select the component symbol, right-click and select Create view > Component basic
views.
Explode connection
To explode the connection: Select gusset plates connection symbol, right-click and select Explode component. All connection objects (even if they are set to "not visible" in the view properties) will become visible. Now all of these objects have lost intelligence and association to the connection dialog.
We will first create a temporary construction line to help to locate the bottom right corner of the gusset plate. 1. Click the Create construction line icon.
2.
Pick the top right corner of the gusset plate as the starting point of the line.
3.
Type 0,0,-500 to define the end point of the construction line (-500 mm in the z direction from the last picked point).
As you type, the Enter a numeric location dialog box is automatically displayed.
4.
Instead of recreating the polygon plate we will now reshape the existing plate by using the Create line cut command.
Help: Modeling > Detailing > Detailing commands > Detailing>Line cut
Edit polygon shape
1.
Select the Create line cut icon and follow the instructions on the command line.
2. 3. 4. 5.
Pick the gusset plate as the part to be cut. Pick the intersection of the gusset plate edge and the construction line. Snap to the perpendicular point on the gusset plate edge and pick point. (Make sure you pick the plate edge and not the gridline). Pick the bottom corner as the side to be removed. The plate is now reshaped.
The construction line is no longer needed and you can delete it.
Add stiffeners
We will now add stiffeners to our connection using the Multiple Stiffeners (1064) detail. When we open the details dialog box we can see which options are available to us for creating the stiffeners. In this case we are interested in setting the stiffener spacing and the edge distance from the edge of the stiffener to the edge of the column. We can then measure the column to get the parameters exactly as desired.
Measure dimensions
1.
Take the following measurements in the model: Click the Create X measure icon, pick the points and a place for the dimension as shown below:
2.
Click the Create Y measure icon, pick the points and a place for the dimension as shown below:
1.
Open the component catalog (Ctrl+F) and find the Multiple stiffeners (1064) component. Double-click on the component icon.
2.
Edit the fields shown highlighted on each of the tab pages below and click Apply (study the association with the dimensions taken in the model and note the tolerances).
3. 4.
Pick the column. Pick the midpoint of the gusset plate, and the stiffeners are created.
We could now explode the stiffener detail but since we have not edited the connection objects except for the detail we can also just leave it. In the next lesson, Lesson 4: Custom element, you will learn to group objects in your own user-defined connections.
1. 2.
Select the existing end plate connection, right-click and select Create view > Component basic views. Delete the existing connection.
We will now use the beam command to create the end plate for the beam.
1.
Start the beam command and Apply the properties for the end plate shown in the dialog box below.
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It is possible to create plates by using either the beam or the contour plate command.
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In the Component front view: 2. 3. Hold down the Ctrl key and pick the intersection of the beam lower flange and the column flange (1) to set the From location coordinates. Then use the cursor to snap (do not pick!) at the top right corner of the column (2) to set the correct direction.
4.
Type 10 for the numeric location (the Enter a numeric location dialog box will open automatically) and press Enter.
The cursor picks to the desired start position (which equals 10 mm from point 1 in the direction of point 2).
5.
To pick the end position, hold down the Ctrl key and pick position (2). Then use the cursor to snap to position (1). Type 10 for the numeric location and press Enter (which equals 10 mm from point 2 in the direction of point 1).
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We will use the Fitting command to trim the end of the beam at the end plate. The Fitting tool will trim the end of the beam on a plane perpendicular to the view plane, which is defined by picking two points on a line. Help: Modeling > Detailing > Fine-tuning part shape > Fitting 1. Click on the Create fitting icon.
2. 3.
Select the beam as the part to be fitted. Pick the points on the end plate corners to set the cut line for the fitting.
Tekla Structures displays the fitting in the model using a blue fitting symbol.
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1.
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2.
In the Component end view: 3. Let the cursor snap to the top left corner of the end plate and type z to lock the z coordinate.
4.
Hold down the Ctrl key and pick the top left corner of the column to set the From location coordinates.
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5.
Let the cursor snap to the inner side of the flange shown, type 5 and press Enter.
6.
Hold down the Ctrl key and pick the top right corner of the column to set the From location coordinates.
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7. 8. 9.
Let the cursor snap to the inner side of the flange, type 5 and press Enter. The second point is now picked. Press z to release the coordinate lock.
10. Let the cursor snap to the bottom right corner of the end plate and type z to lock the z coordinate.
11. Repeat steps 4 and 5 to pick the third point for the plate. 12. Repeat steps 6 and 7 to pick the last position for the plate. 13. Press z to release the coordinate.
Copyright 2006 Tekla Corporation TEKLA STRUCTURES BASIC TRAINING Interactive Steel Detailing
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14. Press the middle button to create the plate. The plate is created in the view plane of the Component end view.
1. 2.
Select the column connection plate, right-click and select Move > Translate... Move the plate in the x direction (and only x) so that it is next to the end plate.
1.
2. 3.
Pick the column as the part to be cut. Pick the plate as the cutting part.
The column is now cut exactly along the edges of the connection plate.
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We will next enlarge the antimatter cut. Since the column connection plate and the part cut are now in exactly the same space, it would be hard to select the correct chamfers to modify.
That's why we will temporarily hide the column connection plate and then move the cut chamfers.
Move the cut chamfers
1.
Select the column connection plate (only the plate, using select switch Select parts shown below), right-click and select Hide.
2.
Turn the Select all select switch back on. Select both upper chamfers (using Ctrl).
3.
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4. 5. 6.
Select the lower chamfers and move them 5 mm downwards. Select the right side chamfers and move them 20 mm right. Select the left side chamfers, move them 20 mm left.
Create welds
Next we will weld the end plate to the beam and the column connection plate to the column. This will also add the plates to the beam and column assemblies. Help: Modeling > Detailing > Detailing commands > Weld
Weld column plate to the beam
1.
2.
Edit the Weld properties dialog as shown below and click OK.
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3. 4.
Select the beam as the part to weld to (the primary part for workshop welds). Select the end plate as the part to be welded (the secondary part for workshop welds). It is very important to enter the welding order correctly. Tekla Structures uses the welding order to determine the primary and secondary parts of the assembly. This affects the position of the parts in the drawings.
Inquire assembly
You can check assemblies using the command Inquire Assembly. 1. 2. Pick the beam (or any part of the assembly). Right-click and select Inquire > Assembly.
The main part of the assembly will appear red and other parts will appear yellow. To select the entire assembly: press the Alt key while clicking a part in the assembly.
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If your weld was not automatically placed in the desired position, you can manually affect the location by setting the desired position for the weld in the Weld properties dialog box.
By using the applied weld properties, weld the connection plate to the column.
1.
2.
Define bolt group properties as shown in the picture below and Apply.
3. 4.
Pick the column connection plate as the part to bolt to. Pick the end plate as the part to be bolted.
Copyright 2006 Tekla Corporation TEKLA STRUCTURES BASIC TRAINING Interactive Steel Detailing
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5. 6. 7.
Click the middle mouse button to finish selecting parts. Pick the end plate top point as the first point (this will be the bolt group origin). Pick the end plate bottom point as the second point (this will indicate the bolt group's x direction).
The bolt group has now been created and the final connection looks like in the figures below.
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There are numerous places in our model in which the parts are still colliding with each other, and the shape of the parts needs to be modified with the cutting tools. We will use these cutting tools to cut the concrete slabs with the Silos (part cut) and then create a penetration for a column (polygon cut) through a hollow-core slab.
1.
2. 3. 4.
Pick one of the slabs as the part to be cut. Pick the related silo as the cutting part. Click on the middle mouse button. The slab is now cut. A blue antimatter part cut the same size as the silo appears.
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In order to have clearance between the concrete slab and the silo we will now modify the size of the profile used to make the part cut. 1. Disable all of the selection switches except for the Select cuts switch. This makes it easier to select the part cut.
2. 3. 4.
Double-click on the part cut. The Column properties dialog box appears. Uncheck all the modify check boxes and change only the profile as shown in the dialog below:
5.
Click Modify.
This creates a 150 mm gap all the way around between the slab and the silo.
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The part cut height is still equal to the height of the cutting part (= the silo). Sometimes it is more convenient to work with shorter part cuts. By inquiring the slab (select object, right-click, select Inquire > Part) you can see that the slab bottom level is +13400 and top level +13575.
Change part cut height
Double-click on the blue part cut to open the Column properties dialog box. On the
Position tab page:
1. 2.
Change the bottom level to 13000 and top level to 13800. Click Modify.
Now the part cut is just a little thicker than the slab, which is enough.
1.
The antimatter part will automatically adjust to the new situation and cut the other slab.
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Help: Modeling > Detailing > Detailing commands > Polygon cut
Create polygon cut
1.
2.
3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Select the hollow-core slab as the part to be cut. Hold down the Ctrl key and pick the bottom left corner of the column to set the From location coordinates. Type -20,-20, Press Enter, the cursor picks the point. Press o (to snap to positions in orthogonal directions). Move the cursor to the right to the track along the ortho line.
8. 9.
Enter 340 to specify the distance from the last point picked. Press Enter. Move the cursor upwards, type 330 and press Enter.
10. Move the cursor to the left, type 340 and press Enter.
Copyright 2006 Tekla Corporation TEKLA STRUCTURES BASIC TRAINING Interactive Steel Detailing
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11. Click the middle mouse button to create the polygon cut.
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Contents
Contents..................................................................................................................................i
In this lesson
Tekla Structures contains a set of tools for defining intelligent connections, parts, seams, and details, called custom components. Help: Detailing > Custom components In this lesson we will define few custom components (a custom part, two custom connections and one custom detail) then use the custom components in the model and finally edit the custom detail a little to make it parametric. You will learn how to: