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Colleagues, I have compiled a list of the many fruitful suggestions that have been suggested to me with respect to the development of the persona of Mara and especially the connections between Yama and Mara. I have combined the suggestions given in this current thread with suggestions offered on an earlier thread related to Mara from last year. Many thanks to everyone who contributed. Best Wishes, Stuart Sarbacker Northwestern University *** The Taming of Mara: Witnessing to the Buddha's Virtues, BLOSS, Lowell W. History of Religions 18:2 (1978:Nov.) 156. James W. BOYD: Satan and Mara : Christian and Buddhist symbols of evil, by James W. Boyd. - Leiden : Brill, 1975. - IX, 188 pp. Series: Studies in the history of religions ; 27 ISBN: 90-04-04173-7. Symbols of Evil in Buddhism, BOYD, JAMES W., "A Symposium on Japanese Nationalism" Citation: Journal of Asian Studies 31:1 (1971:Nov.). Prasannapada, CANDRAKIRTI has a long quotation from an interesting sutra in which Manjusri subjugates Mara. He gives the title as Mara-damana-sutra, which turns out to be an alternate title of the Arya-Manjusri-vikurvana-parivarta-nama-mahayana-sutra. (See Lewis Lancaster, The Korean Buddhist Canon, entry K463, for references to the Tibetan and Chinese translations.) CLARK, Robert Warren. Ph.D. Dissertation, _Mara: Psychopathology and evil in the Buddhism of India and Tibet_. U. of Virginia, 1994. CHATTERJEE, Margaret. "Some Indian Strands of Thought Relating to the Problem of Evil." Relativism, Suffering, and Beyond: Essays in Memory of Bimal K. Matilal, ed. P. Bilimoria and J.N. Mohanty. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997. For Mara in Prajnaparamita texts a convenient point of departure is Edward CONZE's Large Sutra on Perfect Wisdom. It is from page 326 in the Motilal Banarsidass (1990) edition (=P308-328). The English translation includes corresponding sections in other sutras and commentaries. Mara's role as ruler of the realm of desire does not seem to be particularly important.

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DOBBINS, James. "Chapter 4: Licensed Evil." Jodo Shinshu: Shin Buddhism in Medieval Japan. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1989. DONNER, Neal Arvid. "Chih-I's Meditation on Evil." Buddhist and Taoist Practice in Medieval Chinese Society, ed. David W. Chappell. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 1987. C. DUROISELLE, "Upagupta et Mara," Bulletin de l'Ecole francaise d'Extreme-Orient, 4 (1904), 414-428. Mahasa.mnipaataratnaketudhaara.nii-suutra. About 60 per cent of the Sanskrit is preserved in N. DUTT's Gilgit MSS. Offers a satirical version of Mara's temptation of the Buddha. IYANAGA, Nobumi. Le Roi Maara du Sixi`eme Ciel et le mythe m'edi'eval de la cr'eation du Japon, Cahiers d'Extr^eme-Asie, IX, 1996-1997, M'emorial Anna Seidel. Religions traditionnelle d'Asie orientale, II, Kyoto, p. 323-396. "A Record in Lament of Divergences [Tannisho]." The Collected Works of Shinran, Volume 1. Trans. Dennis HIROTA et al. Kyoto: Jodo Shinshu Hongwanji-ha: Shin Buddhism Translation Series, 1997. 660-682. KAMITSUKA, Yoshiko; Miller, Amy Lynn, tr; Peterson, Thomas H, tr Title: The Concept of Mara and The Idea of Expelling Demons [pt 1 of "Ma no kannen to shoma no shiso," Chugoku kodokyoshi kenkyu, ed by Tadao Yoshikawa, 1993, pp 80-144] Journal: Taoist Resources 6 no 2:30-50 1996. Text critically edited in Skt & Tib by Y. KURUMIYA: Ratnaketuparivarta. Sanskrit Text (Kyoto: Heirakuji-shoten 1978), and 'Dus pa chen po rin po che tog gi gzuns ... being the Tibetan translation of the Ratnaketuparivarta (ditto, 1979). As far as I know, there is no published translation. (Are there new fragments in the Sch_yen materials? Something tickles my memory, but the volumes are not with me now.) Etienne LAMOTTE, Histoire du Bouddhisme Indien, pp. 759-761 (Note this source is avilable in English, too). Bimala C. LAW, _Heaven and Hell in Buddhist Perspective_; _Buddhist Conception of Spirits_. LING, Trevor Oswald, Buddhism and the mythology of evil; a study in Theravada Buddhism. London, Allen & Unwin [1962]. Charles Malamoud, Le Jumeau solaire, Paris, Seuil, 2002 (Librairie du XXIe si_cle). This is a mythological study on Yama in Veda. A good starting point for knowing more about Mara is having a look at the entry on Mara in Gunapala MALASEKERA, Dictionary of Pali Proper Names, Vol. II (London: The Pali Text Society, 1974), pp. 611-620. In this source, Malalasekera gives almost all important references to Mara in Pali canonical materials. Daigan MATSUNAGA. _The Buddhist Concept of Hell_. P.D. PREMASIRI, "Good and Evil," in Encyclopaedia of Buddhism, ed. W.G.Weeraratne, Vol.V (Colombo: The Government of Sri Lanka, 1992), pp. 359-364. PRZYLUSKI, J. 1927 "La place de Maara dans la mythologie bouddhique", Journal Asiatique, 1927, I, p. 115-123. (Mara as ruler of realm of desire). RAO, S.K.R., _Mara, The Tempter_. Aryan Path 25:6 (1954:June) 243-.

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Three worlds according to King Ruang : a Thai Buddhist cosmology, translation with introduction and notes by Frank E. REYNOLDS & Mani B. Reynolds. Publisher Berkeley, Calif. : [Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies, University of California] ; distributed by Asian Humanities Press/Motilal Banarsidass, 1982. SIKLOS, Bulcsu. 1996. "The Evolution of the Buddhist Yama." In The Buddhist Forum, Volume IV, edited by Tadeusz Skorupski, 165-89. London: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. SOUTHWOLD, Martin. "Buddhism and Evil." Philosophy of Religion: An Anthology. Ed. Charles Teliaferro and Paul J. Griffiths. Oxford: Blackwell, 2003. SOUTHWALD, Martin, Title: Buddhism and evil, In: The anthropology of evil; ed by D Parkin (Paperback - March 1987) pages: 128-141. John STRONG, chapter on "Upagupta and Mara: Bhakti and the Buddha Body" + notes in his *Legend and Cult of Upagupta* (Princeton, 1992). Stephen TEISER, _The Scripture of the Ten Kings_; _The Ghost Festival in Medieval China_. VIMALAKIRTINIRDESA. Mara appears as Indra to Bodhisattva Jagatimdhara. L. Austine WADDELL, "Upagupta, the Fourth Buddhist Patriarch and High Priest of Asoka," Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 66 (1897):76-84. WARGO, ROBERT J.J. "Japanese Ethics: Beyond Good and Evil." Philosophy East and West 40, no. October (1990): 499-509. Alex WAYMAN, "Studies in Yama and Mara," Indo-Iranian Journal 3(1959). WIKRAMAGAMAGE, Chandra. "Mara as Evil in Buddhism." Evil and the Response of World Religion. New York: Paragon House, 1997. 109-115.

-Dr. Stuart Sarbacker Lecturer in Religion Director of Undergraduate Studies Department of Religion Northwestern University http://www.religion.northwestern.edu/faculty/sarbacker.html

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