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1
1. Select the composition diagram that exhibits a mixture showing positive deviation
from Raoult's law.
A
B
C
D
2. Select the correct statement for an ideal mixture of two liquids.
A It is a solution obeying Boyle's law
B It is a solution obeying Raoult's law
C The solution making process is endothermic
D The solution mixing process is exothermic
3. P and Q two miscible liquids forming an ideal solution. The vapour pressure of P is
48 kPa and vapour pressure of Q is 36 kPa at . Calculate the total vapour
pressure at the same temperature of a mixture that contains 3 moles of P and 1 mol
of Q.
A 21 kPa
B 36 kPa
C 45 kPa
D 84 kPa
20 C
PHASE EQUILIBRIUM WORKSHEET
2
4. Identify the liquid mixture that obeys Raoult's law.
A Hexane and Heptane
B Benzene and Ethanol
C Nitric acid and water
D Propanone and trichloromethane
5. The question below is based on the following information. Vapour pressure of
cyclohexane and benzene at is 12 kPa and 10 kPa respectively. A mixture of
cyclohexane and benzene forms an ideal solution. The mole fraction of cyclohexane
in the mixture is 0.5.
Calculate the total vapour pressure of the solution in kPa.
A 16
B 14
C 11
D 10
6. The question below is based on the following information. Vapour pressure of
cyclohexane and benzene at is 12 kPa and 10 kPa respectively. A mixture of
cyclohexane and benzene forms an ideal solution. The mole fraction of cyclohexane
in the mixture is 0.5.
Calculate the mole fraction of cyclohexane in the vapour that is in equilibrium with
the solution.
A 0.25
B 0.55
C 0.60
D 0.65
7. The two following chromatograms were obtained by analysing one sample of a
multiple-component mixture.
Identify the number of components from the above chromatograms.
25 C
25 C
PHASE EQUILIBRIUM WORKSHEET
3
A 3
B 4
C 5
D 6
8. An ideal solution is formed when 1 mol of liquid Q and 3 moles of liquid R are
mixed. Consider that the vapour pressure of pure Q is x and of pure R is y. Calculate
the total vapour of the solution.
A
B
C
D
9. __________is an analytical method used to separate solutes where separation is
done by differential movement through a porous medium. The movement is caused
by a flow of solvent.
A Diffusion
B Fractional distillation
C Chromatography
D Solvent extraction
10. Q an organic compound was distilled in steam at 101 kPa. Temperature at which
distillation was carried out was was 72 kPa. 71.6% by mass of the distillate
was found to be Q. Calculate the relative molecular mass of Q.
A 156.90
B 123.60
C 112.06
D 86
11. The following diagram represents the vapour pressure against composition curve of
a mixture of hexane and heptane at temperature T.
( ) 3
3
x y +
( ) 3
4
x y +
( ) 3 x y +
x y +
91 C
PHASE EQUILIBRIUM WORKSHEET
4
On fractional distillation of 70% heptane and 30% hexane identify the composition
of the first and the second distillate.
1st distillate 2nd distillate
A Hexane Heptane
B Heptane Hexane
C Heptane Heptane + Hexane
D Hexane Hexane + Heptane
12. A solution of 5.0 gm organic compound Q in 50 cm
3
of H
2
O was shaken with 100
cm
3
of ether. After separation, the aqueous solution was found to contain 0.98 gm
of Q. Calculate the partition coefficient of Q between ether and water.
A 0.381
B 0.525
C 2.625
D 6.25
13. In column chromatoghraphy for the separation of substances in solution, absorbed
solutes can be washed right through the column one at a time by a suitable solvent.
Name the process.
A Absorption
B Adsorption
C Polymerisation
D Elution
PHASE EQUILIBRIUM WORKSHEET
5
14. The following diagram is the boiling point composition of a mixture of two
liquids P and Q.
What is the distillate composition when a mixture of composition Z is fractionally
distilled?
A Pure P and azeotropic mixture
B Pure P
C Azeotropic mixture
D Pure Q and azeotropic mixture
15.
A mixture of C
6
H
5
Br and steam at a pressure of 101 kPa and temperature was
distilled. The resulting distillate had 100 g of H
2
O. Vapour pressure of H
2
O at
is 85 kPa. Calculate the percentage by mass of C
6
H
5
Br in the distillate.
(Relative molar mass: C
6
H
5
Br =156.5; H
2
O =18.0)
A 100%
B 76%
C 62%
D 50%
16. The following diagram shows a vapour pressure of a mixture of two liquids P and
Q.
P and Q most likely
95 C
95 C
PHASE EQUILIBRIUM WORKSHEET
6
A propan-l-ol and propan-2-ol
B ethanol and benzene
C water and nitric acid
D hexane and heptane
17.
Vapour pressure of hexane at is 54 kPa. What is the vapour pressure of
hexane in an ideal mixture of 8.6 g hexane and 10 g of heptane at this temperature?
[ Relative molar mass: hexane= 86, heptane= 100]
A 38 kPa
B 27 kPa
C 11 kPa
D 5.4 kPa
18. The following diagram is the boiling point composition of a mixture of two
liquids P and Q.
Identify the two liquids obtained when mixture X is separated by efficient fractional
distillation.
A P and X
B Q and Y
C P and Y
D P and Q
SECTION B
19.
In paper chromatography the paper
1 is marked with a spot of the solution to be analysed
2 acts as an absorbent
3 is filter paper of suitable quality.
50 C
25 C
PHASE EQUILIBRIUM WORKSHEET
10
PHASE EQUILIBRIUM WORKSHEET
11
Answer
1 C 19 D
2 B 20 A
3 C 21 B
4 B 22 D
5 C 23 D
6 B 24 B
7 A 25 C
8 B
9 C
10 C
11 A
12 C
13 D
14 C
15 C
16. C
17. B
18 B
PAPER 2
PHASE EQUILIBRIUM
Q1 (a)
(b)
(i) boiling point of mixture
(ii) 30% of A by mass and 70% of B by mass.
112 . C =
PHASE EQUILIBRIUM WORKSHEET
12
(c)
Q2 (a) The mole fraction of a solute is the number of moles of that solute divided by the
total number of moles present.
where n = no of moles.
(b) Heptane and hexane forms an ideal mixture.
(c)
3 (a) Ethoxyethane is a suitable extracting solvent because
( )
solute
solute
solute
Mole fraction of a solute,
n solvent
n
x
n
=
+
PHASE EQUILIBRIUM WORKSHEET
13
- it is almost immisicible in water (floats) and can be easily separated from water.
- it has a low boiling point and can be distilled from the extracted solution using a
water bath, leaving behind the organic compound.
- many organic compounds are completely soluble in ethoxyethane.
- It is chemically inert and does not react with many organic compounds.
(b)
2. (a) Partition coefficient
| |
| |
| |
| |
2 2 2 2 2
2 2
acid used
NaOH used
3
water
HOOC CH CH COOH 2NaOH Na OOC CH CH COO Na H O
that is,
HOOCCH CH COOH 2NaOH
Acid
1
NaOH 2
acid 25.0
1
Water layer :
0.050 30.0 2
0.050 30.0
acid 0.030 mol dm
2 25.0
Ethoxyethane la
V
V
+ +
+ +
= =
| |
| |
| |
| |
ethoxyethane
3
3
3
yer :
acid 50.0
1
0.25 20.0 2
0.025 20.0
acid
2 25.0
0.0050 mol dm
acid water
Partition coefficient
acid ethoxyethane
0.030 mol dm
0.0050 mol dm
6.0
=
=
=
=
PHASE EQUILIBRIUM WORKSHEET
14
(b)
Let mass of X extracted by ether =a g
Thus, mass of X remaining in water =(10-a) g
or
(b) First extraction:
Let mass of X extracted by ether =
Thus, mass of X remaining in water
or
concentration of solute in ether
concentration of solute in water
4
X
X
=
=
| |
| |
ether
water
Partition coefficient 4
X
X
= =
( )
1
3
3
100 cm
4
10
100 cm
a g
a
=
( ) 4 10
5 40 or 8
Mass of solute extracted into ether 8 g
a a
a a g
X
=
= =
=
1
a g
( )
1
10 a g =
( )
3
1
3
50 cm
4
10
100 cm
a g
a g
=
( )
1 1
1
1
2 4 10
6 10
6.67 g
a a
a
a
=
=
=
PHASE EQUILIBRIUM WORKSHEET
15
Second extraction:
Mass of solute X remaining in the aqueous layer
Let mass of X extracted by ether
Thus, mass of X remaining in water
10 6.67 3.33 gm = =
2
gm a =
( )
2
3.33 g a =
( )
2
3
2
3
50 cm
4
3.33
100 cm
a g
a
=