Eric Conklin Chapter 12 Vocab

3/3/14

1. cell division- reproduction of cells 2. cell cycle- life of a cell from the time it is first formed from a dividing parent cell until its own division into two cells 3. genome a cells endowment of DNA 4. chromosomes cellular structures carrying genetic material 5. somatic cells- all body cells except the reproductive cells 6. gametes- sperm and eggs 7. chromatin complex of DNA and associated protein molecules 8. sister chromatids copies of a duplicated chromosome 9. centromere specialized region where the two chromatids are most closely attached. 10. Mitosis division of the nucleus 11. Cytokinesis division of the cytoplasm 12. Meiosis division of sex cells 13. Mitotic (M) phase- includes mitosis and cytokinesis. 14. Interphase 90% of cycle. Grows and copies chromosomes 15. G1 phase first gap 16. S phase synthesis 17. G2 phase- second gap 18. prophase - The DNA molecules progressively shortenand condense by coiling, to form chromosomes. The nuclear membrane andnucleolus are no longer visible. The spindle apparatus has migrate to opposite poles of the cell 19. prometaphase discrete chromosomes consisting of identical sister chromatids appear, nuclear envelope fragments 20. metaphase - The spindle fibres attach themselves to thecentromeres of the chromosomes and align the the chromosomes at the equatorial plate. 21. Anaphase - The spindle fibres shorten and the centromere splits, separated sister chromatids are pulled along behind the centromeres. 22. Telophase - The chromosomes reach the poles of their respective spindles. Nuclear envelope reform before the chromosomes uncoil. The spindle fibres disintegrate. 23. Mitotic spindle begins to form in the cytoplasm during prophase 24. centrosome subcellular region containing material that functions throughout the cell cycle to organize the cells microtubules 25. aster radial array of short microtubules 26. kinetochore- structure of proteins associated with specific sections of chromosomal DNA at the centromere. 27. Metaphase plate imaginary plane midway between the spindles two poles 28. Cleavage begins cytokinesis 29. Cleavage furrow shallow groove in cell surface near the old metaphase plate 30. Cell plate double membrane across the ne line of a dividing plant cell

Eric Conklin

3/3/14

31. Binary fission division in half 32. Origin of replication place on chromosome that began replication 33. Cell cycle control system cyclically operating set of molecules in the cell that both triggers and coordinates key events in the cell cycle. 34. Checkpoint- control point where stop and go-ahead signals can regulate the cycle 35. G0 phase nondividing state 36. Cyclin protein with cyclically fluctuating concentration in cell 37. Growth factor protein released by certain cells that stimulates other cells to divide 38. Density-dependent inhibition crowded cells stop dividing 39. Anchorage dependence must be attached to a substratum to divide 40. Transformation process that converts normal cell to a cancer cell 41. Benign tumor original cells remain at the original site 42. Malignant tumor impairs functions of organs 43. Metastasis spread of cancer cells to locations distant from their original site