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Copeland
Ser vi c e Fac t o r s
%ervice factors are used to help ad&ust the torque value of a valve to include the additional force required to open and shut a valve in a media other than clean, dry air. !dditional torque will be required to turn a valve that operates when there are abrasives in the line and these factors are meant to help si'e the valve and actuator under the most extreme conditions. The purchaser needs to take part in estimating this factor by relaying any field data that may help estimate this factor. (eneral values used by Copeland are as follows) Service Factor (SF): $"*) Clean lubricating oil +""*) Clean, particle, free, non lubricating service such as water, alcohol or solvents +-"*) Clean and only slightly viscous particles. %team service. +."*) Catalyst service with hydrocarbons. %uperheated %team. +/"*) 0eavy slurries that may include iron ore, coal, dry particles 1medium coarseness2, and catalyst. Corroded or contaminated systems. -""*) 3ry fine solids such as polyethylene powder or silica. Opera tional Factors (OF): +""*) 4alve is operated with sufficient frequency to maintain a surface with no scale. Copeland 5ndustries, 5nc. 6 7$8+ !ve. 9, 0ouston, Texas ##"++ 6 #+., :-7, #8$+ email) admin;copelandballvalves.com , < Copeland =all 4alves web) www.copelandvalve.com
Torque Calculations
Copeland
?peration.
+-"*) 4alve is used for throttling applications. +/"*) 4alve is operated under positioner control or is in >lant Critical
Bre a k Torqu e
Copeland normally publishes the breakaway torques for the valve in the closed position. =reakaway torques are caused by the surface indications on thesealing area between the ball and the seat and is normally the highest torque expected without accounting for dynamic forces caused by flow through the valve. 5mpurities that can become trapped between the ball and seat affect this value and are accounted for by adding a %ervice Factor that is a multiplier of the break torque calculated under optimal conditions. =reak torque is normally the deciding factor in determining actuator si'ing at Copeland. @very effort is made to provide an actuator that is more than adequate for the worse conditions the valve will see. Copeland valve stems are also si'ed to be stronger than the highest torque forceable in the service defined by the customer. =reak torque is a sum of the following individual torque values as defined by %higleyAs book, Bechanical @ngineering 3esign . %tem tare torque %tem pressure torque =all pressure torque =all tare torque
Torque Calculations
Copeland
=earing 3imensions The Baximum ?perating >ressure Copeland si'es actuators based upon the maximu m possible operating pressure, instead of the pressure differential, to account for upset conditions.
Seat Materials
The type of seats and the material used to make them significantly influence the operating torque. %oft seats such as CTF@ are not only cheaper buy will exhibit lower operating torque when compared to metal seats.
St e m Se a l
The torque that results from the stem seal is a function of the packing box dimensions and the type of packing used. The torque generated by the stem seal is a ma&or part of the torque value in smaller, lower pressure valves and decreases as a percentage with si'e and pressure differential quite rapidly.
Fre q u e n c y of
! er a t i o n
For metal seated valves, the valve operating frequency may become a factor if there may be particle build, up or scale that can attach itself to the valveAs surface. 5n such cases a purge might be helpful and a bypass line so that periodic operation of the valve may be possible. ! hard coating can maintain a smooth finish longer and is advisable.
!er a t i o n S! e e d "imit a ti o n s
Copeland 5ndustries, 5nc. 6 7$8+ !ve. 9, 0ouston, Texas ##"++ 6 #+., :-7, #8$+ email) admin;copelandballvalves.com , < Copeland =all 4alves web) www.copelandvalve.com
Torque Calculations
Copeland
Cesilient materials such as CTF@ can be damaged by rotational speeds faster than / seconds for larger valves and less than + second for valves 7 and under. Betal seats do not have this restriction. The above information is provided as a guide only. Copeland can takes no direct or indirect responsibilityfor its use.
Copeland 5ndustries, 5nc. 6 7$8+ !ve. 9, 0ouston, Texas ##"++ 6 #+., :-7, #8$+ email) admin;copelandballvalves.com , < Copeland =all 4alves web) www.copelandvalve.com