1 Key Points

MOLE CONCEPT AND STOICHIOMETRY

1. Gay-Lussacs Law : Whenever the gases react chemically, they do
so in volumes, which bear a simple whole number ratio to each
other and to the volumes of products, if gaseous, provided the
temperature and pressure of the reacting gases and their products
remain constant.
2. Avogadros Law : Equal volumes of all gases under similar
conditions of temperature and pressure contain equal number of
molecules.
3. Relative Atomic Mass [Atomic Weight] : It is the number that
represents how many times one atom of an element is heavier than
1
12
th mass of one atom of carbon
12
6
C

.
4. Gram Atomic Weight [Gram-atom] : It is the relative atomic mass
of the elements expressed in grams.
5. Relative Molecular Mass [Molecular Weight] : It is the number
that represents that how many times one molecule of a substance is
heavier than
1
12
th mass of one atom of carbon
12
6
C

.
6. Gram-molecular Mass [Gram-molecule] : It is the relative
molecular mass of a substance expressed in grams. It is commonly
called molecular weight.
7. Avogadros Number : The number of atoms present in 12 g (one
gram atom) of carbon
12
6
C

is called Avogadros number. Its value
is 6.023 10
23
atoms.
8. Gram-molecular Volume : The volume occupied by 1 gram
molecule of a dry gas at STP is called gram-molecular volume. Its
experimental value is 22.4 dm
3
(lt.) at STP.


2 Key Points

9. Mole : A mole is the amount of substance which contains the same
number of units as the number of atoms in 12 g of carbon
12
6
C

.
The term substance means elementary units such as atoms,
molecules, ions, electrons, protons, neutrons, etc.
10. Atomicity : The number of atoms present in one molecule of an
element is called atomicity.
11. Vapour Density : It is the ratio of certain mass of a gas or vapour to
the mass of same volume of hydrogen, all volumes being measured
under similar conditions of temperature and pressure.
12. Percentage Composition : It is the percentage by weight of each
element present in 1g-molecule of a compound.
13. Empirical Formula : It is the chemical formula of a chemical
compound which shows the simplest whole number ratio between
the atoms of different elements in the compound.
14. Molecular Formula : It is the chemical formula which represents
the actual number of atoms of each element present in one molecule
of a chemical compound.