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Respect Given to Security Guards: Annotated Bibliography

Jacobs, JB, LJ Kraft, and Soc for the Study of Social Problems. "Illinois-Integrating the KeepersA Comparison of Black and White Prison Guards." Social Problems 25.3 (1978): 304-318. Web.

This article attempts to verify the popularly held assumption that replacing veteran white rural security guards in prisons with young black urban guards will significantly improve tension, strain and conflict in the prison community. At issue, sociologically is whether the attitudes of prison guards can be better accounted for by the role or by such a crucial background variable as race. The authors administered a questionnaire to 231 in-service Illinois guards. While black and white guards show some differences in their attitude toward prisoners, correctional goals, administrators and the guard role, these differences are not consistent and do not permit us to conclude that black guards will perform differently than whites. This article is a strong research essay in discovering that blacks do not make better guards than whites. I like how a questionnaire was used in determining this. I especially like how the author goes into detail about the types of questions asked, who they were geared toward, who answered, and the results of their answers. I only wish the author wouldve talked more about the attitudes prisoners had about the guards rather than vice versa. Security guards in prisons are actually respected more by prisoners than security guards in the community are respected by average people. Unlike the Epicentre guests in my ethnographic research, prisoners view guards as being equal to police officers. This source is a good reflection of how security guards are respected. Since respect of security officers is the topic of my research I plan to use this article to show the difference of respect for security guards in different settings.

Clifford D. Shearing and Philip C. Stenning. Modern Private Security: Its Growth and Implications. Crime and Justice. Vol. 3. (1981): 193-245. Web.

The growth in private security over the past several decades has changed the function of modern policing all over the world. The development of private security has grown due to shifts in property relations. These changes have encouraged policing consistent with the principles of nineteenth-century police reformers. They suggest that we are moving in the direction of a new disciplinary society and raise questions with respect to sovereignty, justice, and individual liberty. The legal institutions regarding private property enhance the potential threat to individual liberty because of modern private security. The authors of this article point out a lot of negative aspects of private security. I feel that my primary research of security officers of the Epicentre in uptown Charlotte disprove some of their theories. For example, this article talks about how there is a grey area between private and public security. It is stated how its hard to distinguish a public officer from a private one. (p. 196). From my observations, I know that private security officers wear different uniforms than public police officers do. The public also recognizes this difference because thats one reason why they dont initially respect a security officer. They can tell that person is not a police officer. Another issue brought up in this article is that private security and public security conflict with each other. This may be true at times, but overall it appears to me from my observations that these two forces work well together. While private security is detaining a troublemaker, public security is on their way to arrest them. This article is very informative to my topic of study as it describes a lot of general aspects of private security and how private security officers differ from public security officers. It does reinforce knowledge that I gained from my interviews with the

security officers at the Epicentre. Such as, private security officers generally correlate to securing mass private property. Anderson, Terry. Every Officer is a Leader: Transforming Leadership in Police, Justice, and Public Safety. CRC Press, 1999. Web. This book is authored by leadership expert Terry Anderson and several well-known leaders in the law enforcement and criminal justice profession. They respond to the need for a comprehensive leadership development model for the education and training of police, justice, and public safety supervisors, managers and front line officers. It is examined how leadership development has a profound impact on the morale and performance of individual officers, teams, and organizations. This book also explains how police and other justice and public safety leaders (in corrections, fire, customs, immigration, security, courts, etc.) can implement the Transforming Leadership process, skills, and principles such as organizational skills, being versatile, consultative skills, problem management, and character. Community members and the police administration are gaining higher expectations for public safety leaders (including security officers). Although this book primarily talks about new leadership skills these authoritative figures need to know, it also explains how the role of these people plays an important part in the community. This will be beneficial to my research by reinstating how important the role of security officers have in regards to public safety. It also explains how the need for these leaders is growing. This is valuable to my research because it shows how security guards are leaders of public safety too and how the demand for public safety is growing. This source will give my audience more evidence of why security guards should be respected. This book is a very strong writing. It gets the point across clearly to the reader. There

is a lot of useful information in this book about leadership skills, not only for public safety leaders but individuals as well. I did not find many weaknesses in this writing other than this book were written more for officers rather than a general audience. Bayley, David H., and Clifford D. Shearing. "The Future of Policing." Law and society review (1996): 585-606. Web. This essay examines the restructuring of policing currently taken place in society. It argues that restructuring is occurring under private as well as government forces and will have profound effects on public safety, equity, human rights, and accountability. The driving forces behind restructuring are fear of crime, the inability of government to satisfy societys longing for security, the rise of mass private property, and cultural individualism. The essay concludes with a prediction about the future of policing. Poor communities will be self-governing through grant money and community policing will become the paradigm of public policing. This is a quality article with a lot of strong points pertaining to how the increase in security guards is becoming harmful to the police force. This article is similar to the Modern Private Security: Its Growth and Implications article in their point of views. I can use this source in proceeding with my research on respect of security officers to disprove their theory of more security force causing damage to police force. The more security guards that are on patrol, the more public safety is improved. I know this from researching other articles and observing firsthand at how well police officers and security officers work together. I can also use this source to show that if private security officers are out numbering police officers, then thats another reason to respect their authority. The weakness in this article is how the majority of this research is based on the authors opinions and predictions. There is no factual evidence

provided, proving that the increase of security officers will effect public safety in a negative way. Although I do appreciate the in-cite citations showing where the author obtained information about government involvement in increasing security. Citations are an important factor of credibility in research. Devine, John. Maximum Security: The Culture of Violence in Inner-City Schools. University of Chicago Press, 1996. Web. Escalations in student violence continue throughout the nation, but inner-city schools are hit the hardest, with classrooms and corridors infected by the anger, aggression, and criminality endemic to street life. Technological surveillance, security personnel, and paramilitary control tactics to maintain order and safety are the common administrative response. Exploring the culture of violence from within, John Devine argues that the security system, with its uniformed officers and invasive high-tech surveillance, has assumed authority over students' bodies and behavior, negating the traditional roles of teachers as guardians and agents of moral instruction. This article is written as an ethnography of students at a high school in New York by a college student, John Devine. His ethnography includes descriptive observations of the interactions between the security guards and the students. He also includes factual information on school violence and how it is increasing. The tone of this article is written for scholars, parents, teachers, and anyone interested in knowing more about school violence in todays culture. I especially like how he makes his argument about security guards taking over teachers positions in enforcing behavior control although; he shouldve made his argument a little stronger. By strengthening his argument, the readers wouldve better understood the significance of the teachers authority being replaced by security officers authority. I will be using this

source in my research to prove, once again, the importance and need of security officers. It will also give evidence in how they are not respected enough such as, when student gang members go against security orders and graffiti the school. This source will fit in well in the part of my research where I talk about interactions between security guards and the public.