1.

0 TITLE
Basic needs of plant

2.0 OBJECTIVE
To determine the basic needs of plant: sunlight, air and water

3.0 HYPOTHESIS
Plant needs sunshine, water and air to continue their living process

4.0 INTRODUCTION
Animals and plants are living system that needs same basic things in order to stay alive: air (gases), food, water, and environment. or plants, it ta!es up water and minerals through their roots and ta!es in air through tiny opening in their leaves called stomata. A type of plants needs sunshine to ma!e food. The chlorophylls absorb the sunshine in photosynthesis process. A plant needs water to ma!e sure that plants are in fresh condition. Air also a necessity for plant to stay alive.

Plants can ma!e their own food. The chlorophyll in the plant especially at leaves is responsible to ma!ing green plant" it needed to convert the ingredients to plant food# sugars and starches. $hlorophyll only e%ists in the presence of light. &ithout the chlorophyll, the photosynthesis not happens.

Plants need water to live. &ater carries nutrients from the soil to all parts of the plant and carries food from the leaves bac! to the roots. The right method to watering the plant is very important. 'f the soil is too wet, there is not enough o%ygen available to the plants. Therefore, the plants cannot respire and will die.

Air consists of nitrogen, carbon dio%ide and o%ygen. Plants need carbon dio%ide for photosynthesis process. Plants also need o%ygen in respiration process. 'n photosynthesis process, the plant provides o%ygen release to the atmosphere. Animal and plant used that o%ygen in respiration. Then, animals and plant will release carbon

dio%ide in atmosphere. (o plants can use that carbon dio%ide for photosynthesis process. )ther gases are needed in small amount in various life processes

T*+),- ) BA('$ .++/( ) P0A.T 'n 1223, the +nglish clergyman 4oseph Priestly found the e%isting of photosynthesis process in plant. *e only demonstrated that air is a basic needs of plant. 'n his e%periment, he finds that candles burn very well in air in which plants had grown a long time, and having had some reason to thin!, that there was something attending vegetation, which restored air that had been in5ured by respiration. *e thought it was possible that the same process might also restore the air that had been in5ured by the burning of candles. Accordingly, on the 12 August, 1221, he put a spring of mint into a 6uantity of air, in which a wa% candle had burned out, and found that, on 32 th of the same month, another candled burned perfectly well in it. *e repeated this e%periment and found that plants produce o%ygen. (even years later, the /utch physician 4an 'ngenhous7 demonstrated the necessity of sunlight for o%ygen production. *e also showed that only green parts of plant can do photosynthesis. 'n 1283, a (wiss pastor and part# time scientist, 4ean (enebier showed that the process depended on a particular of gas. inally, in189:, another (wiss researcher, .icholas Theodore de (aussure, found that water is necessary for the photosynthesis production of organic materials.

5.0 MATERIAL
;.1) Problem <aterials : /o plants need sunshine :

=rowing plants with large leaves >aseline $onstruction paper Paper clips

;.3)

Problem <aterials

: $an Plants live without &ater :

Bean seeds Two small flowerpots &ater (oil, humus

;.?)

Problem <aterial

: $an plants live without air@ :

Bean seeds Two 5ars and two plastic cups (oil, humus $otton

&ater

6.0 PLANNING
i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. Two plastic cup that contain the soil were prepared +ight been seeds were placed in each plastic cup /istilled water were poured to the soil in each plant until the soil wet The plastic cup were placed under the sunshine The growth of plant were observed for every two days The result were recorded

7.0 PROCEDURE
2.1 Procedure A: 1. =reen plant placed in well#lighted place where it can be seen without being handled. 3. ?. Both sides of several leaves covered carefully with >aseline. These leaves observed each day and being compared with uncoated leaves. The colour and the freshness of the leaves noticed. Procedure B: 1. 3. ?. A folded piece of blac! construction paper was cut out pattern on one side. The pattern on the leaf clipped and leave it attached for several days. The construction paper removed after several days and the results observed

2.3

Procedure:

1. 3. ?. :. 2.? 1. 3. ?. :.

+ight bean seeds were planted into the small flowerpots Plant were been placed under the sunshine. lowerpot AAA was watered lightly each day. lowerpot BBA was not watered.

Procedure A : Bean seeds have been planted in 5ars. Both the soil been watered fairly well. The air has been e%pelled from the soil when air bubbles cease to rise. The first 5ar was cap. This cuts off the air supply to the plants. The 5ar have label with BAA The second plant was misted by watering as needed. This 5ar have label with BBA.

Procedure B : 1. The two cups was filled with water 3. The cotton pad have been placed on the top and some beans on the cotton. This !eeps the seeds moist. The cup have label with BBA ?. The second cup has been dropped seeds into the water to eliminating the air. or this cup have label with BAA :. The temperature and light have same for both cups.

8.0 RESULT
8.1 )bservation Procedure A $oated leaves (upper side) # the colour become brown # the leaves withered $oated leaves (lower side) # no changes of colour and the leaves still fresh $oated leaves (both side) # the colour become brown # the leaves withered 'nferences # photosynthesis not occur # chlorophyll located on the surface of the leaves # photosynthesis still occur # chlorophyll located on the surface of the leaves # photosynthesis not occur # chlorophyll located on the surface of the leaves

Procedure B

$oated leaves (upper side) # no changes of colour and the leaves still fresh $oated leaves (lower side) # no changes of colour and the leaves still fresh $oated leaves (both side) # no changes of colour and the leaves still fresh

# photosynthesis still occur # chlorophyll located on the surface of the leaves

8.3 )bservation lowerpot CAD lowerpot CBD (eed germinate (eed not germinate 'nferences (eed get enough water to growth (eed do not get enough water to growth

8.? )bservation Procedure A 'nferences

(eed in 5ar A germinate and growth not (eed in 5ar A have not well then die while seed in 5ar B enough air and seed in germinate and growth very well. 5ar B enough air. (eed in cup A not germinate while seed in cup B germinate and growth very well (eed in cup A have not air and seed in cup B have enough air.

Procedure B

.0 DISCUSSION
E.1 +%periment: /o plants need sunshine #The leaves were coated with >aseline and construction paper that used as a bloc!er for sunshine to reaches at the leaves. #'n observation of procedure A, >aseline bloc! the sunshine to react with chlorophyll, thus the photosynthesis does not occur. )nly the leaves that coated upper side and both side of the leaves does not happen photosynthesis. #'n observation of procedure B, all the plant still alive because the construction paper that being using is too thin, thus the sunshine can react with chlorophyll and photosynthesis occur. As a pre6uation, the thic! and blac! construction paper should be used for the ne%t e%periment.

E.3 +%periment: can plants live without water # The bean seed on flowerpot A germinate because presence of water. &ater is needed to seed growth and brea! down the testa. #&ater contain gases such as o%ygen to transport to plant for growth. That is the reason why seed only germinate in presence of water

E.? +%periment: $an plants live without air. # rom observation, seed germinate in presence of air. ThatAs mean" air is a re6uirement to seed to germinate # 'n observation of procedure A, seed in 5ar A still germinate even the 5ar was cap, it because the air still can flow into the 5ar but in small amount so the seed growth not well and die. As a pre6uantion, the 5ar should cap with tight or used the oil before cap 5ar to prevent air flow into the 5ar. # The wet cotton pad were placed the soil to ma!e sure the seed germinate and still alive.

10.0 CONCLUSION
# As the conclusion from the e%periment, Plant needs sunshine, water and air to continue their living process. (o sunshine, water and air are basic needs of plant.

11.0 !UESTION
FG+(T'). (A) 1. &hat would happen if only the topside were coated@ The bottom side@ # 'f the topside were coated, the plant will die because the chlorophyll were located at the top surface of leaves.

#'f the bottom side were coated, the plant will still alive because the chlorophyll does not e%ist at the bottom side of leaves, then the photosynthesis process still occur at the plant.

3. &ould leaf continue to die if the coating were removed after one day@ The plant still alive because only the photosynthesis do not occur, bur the organ in the plant still alive for that day

?. &hat would happen, if only half the leaves were covered (half of the topside and half of the bottom side)@ The covered leaves will turn colour to brown while the not covered leaves still green and fresh.

:. &hat happen to the plant leaves after the mas! is removed@ )bserve for several days. The plant leafs become withered after several days.

FG+(T'). (B) 1. &ould the same results be possible with different !ind of seeds@ -es, because water is essential for a plants survival, not only to stop them from dehydrating, but also to enable them to absorb nutrients, which they can only do in soluble form. &ater also cools the leaves as it evaporates 3. 's it possible to give a plant too much water@ &e cannot water the plant to much because when the soil too wet there is not enough o%ygen to the plant. ?. *ow can farmer tell if a plant receiving enough water@ not enough water@ too much water@

+nough water

.ot enough water

Too much water

The plant growth big and The plantAs leaf fade and The plant growth but the healthy. the plant growth shortly. plant leaf wit.

FG+(T'). ($) 1. &hat other way might air may be eliminated from the cup The other way to eliminated air from the is use the calcium chloride and cover he seed with wa%.

3. 's too much air ever a problem to the farmer@ .ot. Amount of air not effect to the plant.

?. &ould the same results occur with different types of seed@ -es. All types of seed have same germinate processes. :. Plants ma!e their food but they do need a supply of minerals. $hoose three minerals and describe what happens to plant without them. # .itrogen. 'f plant does not get nitrogen, the stem and leaf cannot growth # Phosphorus. 'f plant does not get phosphorus the root cannot growth. # Potassium. 'f plant does not get potassium, the plant cannot produce flower and fruits.

;. Animals and plants need food. =ive 3 reasons why animals and plants need food. Animal and plants need food to get the energy to carry out life processes and to growth

12.0 RE""ERENCES
1. 0am Peng Hwan +ric, - H 0am (399?), $omprehensive Biology for B9A 0evel, (ingapore, Times Publishing =roup 3. &illiam T. Heeton, 4ames 0. =ould, Biological (cience : th +dition, Gnited (tate of America, 0ibrary of $ongress $ataloging