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Diluting Solutions Concentrated solutions have a relatively high molarity. Dilute solutions have a relatively low molarity.
It is often faster to prepare a number of standard solutions by diluting a more concentrated solution.
The following equation can be used to solve dilution problems when water is added or removed from a solution.
M1 V1 = M 2 V2 M1= the initial molarity V1 = the initial volume M2 = the final molarity V2 = the final volume
M1v1 = 3 mol
V1 = 1 L M1 = 3 M
3 mol/ 1L
M2v2 = 3 mol
v2 = 6 L M2 = 0.5 M
Initial Solution 1. 25.0 mL of 0.10 M solution is diluted by adding 75.0 mL of water. Calculate the molarity of the new solution.
M2 = ?
25.0 mL + 75.0 mL
V2 = 100.0 mL
M2 V2
M2(100.0 mL)
M2 =
0.025 M
Initial Solution 2. What volume of 0.250 M CoCl2 solution can be diluted to 100.0 mL in order to make a 0.0150 M solution?
M1= 0.250 M V1 = ?
M2 = 0.0150 M V2 = 100.0 mL
M1 V1 =
M2 V 2
(0.250 M) V1 V1
= 6.00 mL
3.
50.0 mL of 0.500 M CuSO4 solution is diluted to 250.0 mL. Calculate the new concentration and the number of grams CuSO4 in the new solution. M1= 0.500 M V1 = 50.0 mL
M2 = ?
V2 = 250.0 mL
= =
M2 =
0.250 L
0.100 mol 1L
159.6 g 1 mol
= 3.99 g
4.
1.53 g of NaCl is dissolved in 100.0 mL of water. Calculate the molarity. The solution is concentrated by evaporating off 60.0 mL of water. Calculate the new molarity.
1.53 g 1 mol x 58.5 g = 0.0262 mol NaCl
M2 = 0.654 M
0.50 L
1.5 L
1.0 L + 0.50 L
2.67 M HCl
TRY A FEW 1. How many mL of a 14 M stock solution must be 31.25 mL used to make 250 mL of a 1.75 M solution? 2. You have 200 mL of 6.0 M HF. What concentration 1.2 M results if this is diluted to a total volume of 1 L? 3. 100 mL of 6.0 M CuSO4 must be diluted to what L M? final volume so that the resulting solution 0.4 is 1.5 4. What concentration results from mixing 400 mL of 2.0 M HCl with 600 mL of 3.0 M HCl? 2.6 M 5. What is the concentration of NaCl when 3 L of 0.38 M 0.5 M NaCl are mixed with 2 L of 0.2 M NaCl? 6. What is the concentration of NaCl when 3 L of 0.5 M NaCl are mixed with 2 L of water? 0.3 M 7. Water is added to 4 L of 6 M antifreeze until it is L 1.5 M. What is the total volume of the new16 solution?