The origins of the Wood Badge Almost the first words that Baden-Powell wrote for his projected

book Scouting for Boys were concerned with the training of future Scoutmasters. However, his publisher Pearson, perhaps wisel , understood that first it was necessar to !capture the bo s! before ou talked about training leaders. Pearson decided that all mention of training should be left to the last issue of the series, Part "#, which was published in $%&'. (hough there was much practical advice and Helpful Hints to Scoutmasters contained this final part of Scouting for Boys, it was hardl a training scheme. In the beginning . . .

Baden-Powell's own si+-bead 2ood Badge. 3ote that the three pairs of beads grade down in si4e. #)* Scout "rchives$ It was never Baden-Powell's intention that Scouting should be an 'organisation'. He visualised a movement with Scout Patrols in other organisations such as the Boys Brigade and the Y !" #see Brother organisations$. He did not see the need% at that point% for a boo& of 'rules' #P.'.(. - Policy 'rganisation and (ules - the 'bible' of )* Scout "dministration came much later$. "s in his army days% B-P hoped to lead by e+ample rather than using the rigour of the ran& system and% in this% he was hugely successful. ,here are many recorded instances of near 'hero worship' amongst his -unior officers and men. In civilian life and in a voluntary organisation% 'orders' would not in any case achieve the desired effect. B-P's magnetic personality was the cement that bound the fledgling organisation together% not a ruleboo&. By ./01% B-P envisaged his Scoutmasters and 'local secretaries' as almost free agents wor&ing "in communication, not bondage."

,he Problem However% the need for some sort of central structure and consistent message could not be denied. ,he first two camps at Brownsea and Humshaugh were not designed purely for the benefit of the 56 boys involved. "t Humshaugh particularly% B-P commissioned a series of postcards and magic lantern slides to act as training aids for Scoutmasters. " good e+ample was being provided% but it did not have to be followed7 Scouting was e+panding at a tremendous rate% mainly from the bottom up. It's creator% a half-pay 8eneral with very little money of his own% could not possibly afford the sort of administration structure it re9uired. ,he early years of (he Head)uarters *a+ette are full of e+amples of the need for firm leadership. Some Scoutmasters were wearing the most outrageous self-aggrandising 'uniforms' - including spurs7 Some were accepting boys as young as seven or eight% others would not allow entry until .:. ,he Scoutmasters themselves were constantly see&ing clarification. It was clear that the ovement could not progress without a clear set of rules and some form of training for Scoutmasters. ,he Solution "fter the Humshaugh !amp on September ;6th% ./06% B-P circulated a letter in which he encouraged the formation of local committees to be run by a Secretary. Support would be forthcoming from one of the adult leaders at Humshaugh% <ric 2al&er% who had been appointed as ',ravelling Inspector'. )nder the heading 'Scoutmasters'% the duties of the =ocal !ommittees were fully outlined% including> "To have in their hands the appointment of Scoutmasters and bestowal of badges and rewards." B-P wrote> "In the first place it seems desirable that Scoutmasters should pass some sort of test that will guarantee their being fit and proper men to teach the lads. With this in view I have drawn up a short syllabus of desirable qualifications." ,he (ests for Scoutmasters were attached to the letter>.. " general &nowledge of the handboo& Scouting for Bo s% especially the Scout =aws ;. " full appreciation of the moral aim underlying the practical instruction all through the scheme of Scouting :. Personal character and standing such as will ensure his having a good moral influence over boys ?. "ge not less than .6 5. "bility to provide some sort of clubroom for Scout eetings ,here would be three ways by which "a gentleman can pass his tests for Scoutmaster." ,hese were through the ',ravelling Inspector'% or three members of a =ocal !ommittee% or two 9ualified Scoutmasters. "ll e+isting Scoutmasters had to do though% was to write to Baden-Powell and give a report of their wor&%

and B-P would "award certificates as Scoutmasters." ,hese must surely have been the first 2arrant !ertificates. ,he image shown here is of an early 2arrant !ard from the author's collection. )nfortunately it is undated% but it was purchased framed and was bac&ed with a fragment of a newspaper dated ./.;% so the 2arrant must have been issued at some time before that date. It is 9uite li&ely to very early indeed. "s can be seen from the illustration% the heading 'Boy Scout' has the follow-up words 'Baden-Powell's' in brac&ets on the ne+t line. (he Scout maga4ine began a series of pages of interest to Scoutmasters on "pril .0th% ./0/. ,hese developed in @uly ./0/ into a fully-fledged separate publication in its own right. ,his was not under the control of (he Scout's publisher Pearson. ,he arch-publicist &new his -ob and ensured that (he Scout contained enough of the 'Penny Areadful' material of the day to ma&e it e+citing for boys% but this did not always go down well with B-P. ,he 'blood and guts' content did not ma&e this a proper vehicle for adult training and a publication directly under the control of the Scout "ssociation was essential. Part of the rationale of the new publication was to publicise the new policy of 'decentralisation'% which was perhaps an admission that Scouting had grown so large that there was no way it could be run from one central office and% for the first time% clear guidelines from the 'central office' were being given on what was and what was not acceptable. "n interesting e+ample from one of the first issues was B-P's contention that Scouts do not beg. I have in my collection a wonderful e+change of letters about one Scoutmaster !oo& of the '(obin Hood ,roop'% 2a&efield% Yor&shire% whose Scouts were mainly sons of "coal miners presently wor ing short time, therefore the boys cannot afford to eep themselves at camp." Scoutmaster !oo& had gone round local villages with a borrowed street organ see&ing donations 'in a sealed bo+'. ,his was held to be begging and the Scoutmaster was duly admonished. I cannot help but wonder though% if the boys did manage to get to camp . . .

In (he Head)uarters *a+ette% B-P could write directly to the adult leadership via his own ,utlook% which he contributed on a monthly basis% hardly missing an issue until his death in ./?.. ,his% perhaps% was the most effective form of direct communication and training that the ovement ever had.

<arly ,raining !ourses ,he Head9uarters !ommittee was set up in the last days of September ./0/. Since renamed the !ommittee of the !ouncil% it has continued to provide for the administration and management of the )* Scout "ssociation. Its first Secretary was r. "rchibald @. *yle% who had been the very successful organising secretary of the South 2est =ondon Aistrict and was% in the opinion of Sir Percy <verett% the first Aeputy !hief Scout% a first class organiser. He was given the appointment of '!hief Scoutmaster'. 'ne of his creations was the establishment of a 'Scoutmaster ,raining !orps' which operated in (ichmond% =ondon% in the winter of ./0/. "ll members had to give an underta&ing that% if elected to it% they would serve for at least one year and% on leaving% would set up their own ,roop of Boy Scouts on behalf of Head9uarters7 ,his special troop did not last long% but Sir Percy said that it was 'especially helpful'. Scoutmasters' training camps were organised and attended by B-P. ,hese were held in =ondon and Yor&shire in ./... " series of evening training lectures were also held for =ondon Scouters% culminating in a camp from Bebruary ?th 1th at *endal Hall% <lstree. In the early months of ./.?% came the beginnings of Part . of the present 2ood Badge course. ,he !hief Scout wrote a series of carefully thought-out articles in (he Head)uarters *a+ette% called Scouting for Scoutmasters. In each issue a different aspect of leadership was considered. Cuestions were set out in the form of a postal course and a 'board of e+aminers' at HC consisting of !olonel Ae Burgh% a-or 2ade% Percy <verett% H. 8eoffrey ')ncle' <lwes% who had been on B-P's second camp for Boy Scouts at Beaulieu% and r <rnest Young were established to assess the candidates. " large number of Scouters entered the course. ,o help training% study patrols were formed and wee&end camps were arranged. Percy <verett wrote% "It was a !erculean "ob, but a mighty interesting one. "Before recommending Scouters for the #hief Scout$s #ertificate, we had to satisfy ourselves that they were proficient, not only in the written replies but also in the practical wor connected with the management of their troops. This was more difficult." "s can be imagined% this was all very time-consuming for the e+aminers. ,heir

wor& was interrupted by the outbrea& of the Birst 2orld 2ar% which% regrettably% terminated the course before any candidate could be awarded ',he !hief's Scout's !ertificate'. 8ilwell Par& "fter the end of the 2ar% on 3ovember ;0th% ./.6% r. 2.B. de Bois aclaren% a Aistrict !ommissioner for (osneath in Aumbartonshire% Scotland% dinned with B-P at (oland House% an International Hostel for Scouts% in =ondon. ,hey discussed the need for a permanent camping ground for =ondon Scouts. aclaren was forthcoming - "%ou find what you want and I will buy it." " small committee was formed% including Percy <verett% and it was decided that the money would be best employed if the camping ground could be combined with a "centre for the training of Scout &fficers". aclaren agreed and the committee 9uic&ly found 8ilwell Par&% a run-down estate that% at the time% was up for sale on the edge of <pping Borest near !hingford% <sse+% which was ideally suited to the purpose. B-P% impressed with their description% agreed to the purchase without a prior visit. Brancis 8idney was appointed !amp !hief in ay ././. DS&ipperD 8idney% was a young man who had served as a !aptain during the Birst 2orld 2ar and had immense energy and% most important from Baden-Powell's view% tremendous spirit. His "ssistant Scoutmaster was !apt. B.S. organ% Aistrict !ommissioner for Swansea. In the @une issue of (he Head)uarters! *a+ette there was a short article outlining the twin purposes of the site - Scoutmaster ,raining and Boy Scout !amping 8round. ,he section dealing with Scoutmaster ,raining is 9uoted in full below. "'n &fficers$ Training #entre, where Scoutmasters, or those who wish to become Scoutmasters, will be trained by competent old Scouts in the formation and training of troops, practical woodcraft and camping and the methods of the Boy Scouts generally." ,he opening ceremony too& place on Saturday% @uly ;Eth% ././ #not @uly ;5th as 9uoted in (he *ilwell Book7$% in perfect weather. rs aclaren cut a ribbon in the Scout !olours of green and yellow. #,his is specially remar&ed on in several sources as though cutting a ribbon was a novel idea never seen before7$

,he first 2ood Badge !ourse> 8ilwell Par&% September 6th-./th% ././ 'n arrival% after ta&ing tea% the participants were ta&en on a short tour of 8ilwell. 'n their return from the Boys' Bield to the ,raining 8round they would find the gate rudely shut in their faces. ,he would-be 2ood Badgers were told that by passing through the gate again they will have be seen to give an underta&en to play the game to the best of their ability. "ll% of course% passed through. 'nce inside the ,raining 8round% the initiates were assigned to Patrols or Si+es% depending on their course. ,hey were told that supper would be served in the refectory% and that they

had better ma&e the most of it% as from now on they would be coo&ing for themselves7 Some% more unfortunate than the rest% were appointed Si+ers or Patrol =eaders and threatened with dire conse9uences as to the care of the communal &it. ,he mi+ed-class% multi-aged and very mi+ed e+perienced group were then left to get to &now each other and to ma&e up their bedding in their tents. =ater% at a campfire% the !amp !hief% DS&ipperD 8idney% tal&ed to them at some length about Scouting in general and themselves in particular. He told them that from now on they were in a Pac& or ,roop with himself as Scoutmaster% that they would all wear the same grey training nec&erchief% no matter what their ran& or Aistrict and that the Si+ers or Patrol =eaders woul change every day% as would all other assignments such as coo&% etc. Baden-Powell visited the camp on Briday night% the .;th and Saturday the .:th% together with a-or ".8. 2ade% @oint anaging Secretary of the "ssociation. # a-or 2ade was the husband of <ileen * 2ade who was B-P's secretary for ;1 years and his biographer. a-or 2ade was to organise the .st 2orld @amboree the following year.$ ,he Bounder gave a tal& to the participants and led a trac&ing demonstration on Saturday morning% filled with personal anecdotes. ,hough the course had only two 'full-time' staff% !amp !hief DS&ipperD 8idney and his "ssistant B.S. organ% it was not short of part-time instructors. "t various times in the proceedings tal&s or demonstrations were given% some by very distiguished Scouters> (r ).*. (organ Imperial Head9uarters "ssistant Secretary ,ercy W. -verett Aeputy !hief Scout #ol. /lic de Burgh Aeputy !hief !ommissioner !.S. (artin #later Airector of Scouts International Bureau$ '8ames' +.S. Wood Section .1% ,he #ran 8ilwell for a time <ducation "ct when 8idney was sic&$ ,.B. .evill ,roop organisation +ev. +. !yde Industrial 2elfare Sand ,rac&ing

(esumF of Scouting. (overs

,he International The #hief Scout "spect

2as r B.A. organ a relative of "ssistant !amp !hief% B.S. organG "nd was P.B. 3evill% an unusual surname% related to !ourse participant the (ev. H. 2arwic& 3evillG 2ho &nows what our continuing research will bring to lightG ,he Programme

1>00 a.m. ,he sound of the *oodoo horn awa&es the camp />:0 Having had a coo&ed brea&fast prepared by that day's coo&% there was an Inspection Blagbrea&H PrayersH 8ameH 2or&. "ll of which had to be dutifully recorded throughout the course in one of the specially-produced training noteboo&s =unch (est Hour. " mysterious time which "had to be e0perienced to be believed"% as

8ilwell believes that 'the best &ind or rest is wor&' 2or& session E>:0 p.m. 2or& finishes - wood to be fetched% dinner prepared% rations drawn% etc. />:0 !ampfire - every Si+er or Patrol =eader has to produce a campfire item. Prayers bring the evening to a close

"s it was a Scout course% each Patrol went on a ;?-hour hi&e into <pping Borest to the standard of the .st !lass badge. ,he participants en-oyed good weather% e+cept for one heavy thunderstorm which% as 8idney wrote% "had its instructive value also1" "ll too soon the time for the final campfire arrived and the !amp !hief reminded the participants of the words he had said at the first campfire and how they will need to ta&e the 8ilwell message bac& to their troops and out into the world. 'n the last day there was much cleaning up to do% to the highest standards% in time for the final inspection. Participants had to hand in the grey training scarves and revert to their own troop nec&erchiefs and gather round the flagstaff for prayers.

,his table uses an Inset Bloating Brame% which your Browser does not seem to support. I am sorry about this. ,o view the table% type in woodbadgetable.htm after the last forward slash #I$ in the )(= at the top of your Browser window% replacing what is already there. ,o return to this Page% use your Browser's 'Bac&' button. ,his picture of the first 2ood Badge !ourse responds to ' ouse-overs'. Pointing the mouse at a particular individual will cause a pop-up bo+ to appear% giving the name and% where available% details of that particular participant

,he first course had three 'patrols' one of which was Bulls. " group photograph of this historic course% shown here% was ta&en of the participants and some of the staff% a tradition that continues to this day. ,he library at 8ilwell contains albums for each year since its inception. In the main% the photographs include the names of the participants% but no other details are given for those from the early years. =ater on% the country of origin and sometimes the 'ran&' of the participant are noted. Previously published lists of the participants of this historic course name only .6

aclean was to later meet Aingane% Sha&a's half-brother% who was% "dressed in the same manner as the ing, but without so large a display of beads." Baden-Powell later wrote about the campaign to subdue and capture Aini4ulu> "-ventually *ini2ulu too refuge in his stronghold, I had been sent forward on a Scouting e0pedition into his stronghold. !e nipped out as we got in. In his haste he left his nec lace behind 3 a very long chain of little wooden beads." odern author ,im @eal% in his ma-or biography of Baden-Powell% characteristically casts doubts on the 'official' version. He points out that B-P did not mention the capture of Aini4ulu's beads in his diary% whereas in a letter dated .66?% now the property of the Boy Scouts of "merica% B-P mentioned the appropriating of the nec&lace of a dead "frican girl. ,he inference being that B-P's beads were not Aini4ulu's. <.<. (eynolds% in the official Scout "ssociation biography of ./50% has chapter and verse on the dead girl's nec&lace% but only the short sentence "B3, became the possessor of the 4ulu chief$s nec lace" to support B-P's claim that 8ilwell's beads came from Aini4ulu. 2hat is myth and what is notG I have seen two separate photographs of Aini4ulu wearing his beads. #'ne featured above$ ,here is no doubt they e+isted and were venerated ob-ects. If B-P did not have them% then surely we would have heard of their whereabouts by now. I don't thin& that B-P had any &nowledge of the way Aini4ulu's ancestor% Sha&a% had conferred his beads individually to deserving recipients% but% interestingly% that is e+actly what B-P himself chose to do with them. Scout )se of the Beads In ././ at the first Scoutmasters' training course at 8ilwell% B-P had wondered what to give the successful participants% but came up with nothing. ,hen he thought about the bead nec&lace. " couple of days later% B-P invited the participants to the restaurant in Scout HC% presented them with two beads each and told them to go out and buy themselves a shoelace to put them on. 'riginally he intended that the beads should be worn on the hat. He himself wore two on his hat% the ones are shown here% from the )* Scout "rchives% may well be the very hat beads that B-P wore. " emo e+ists where he as&s his secretary to get "a pair of wood badge beads $#amp #hief$ to put on my hat for Thursday1" #Cuotation from )S Scout !ollection aga4ine% Scout -emorabilia% 3ovember% .//..$ It seems li&ely that B-P had got the idea for wearing the beads in his hat after seeing 'fficers of the )S <+peditionary Borce in the Birst 2orld 2ar. ,heir Stetson hats had a pair of acorns on a thong around the brim that could be tightened to hold the hat in place in

windy weather. ,here are pictures of B-P with five beads in his hat% commensurate with the number worn by the first !ourse Airectors in each country to adopt the 2ood Badge. "ccording to <.<. (eynolds in Bo Scout .ubilee the wearing of the beads in the hat was somewhat 'aw&ward'% and abandoned in favour of the nec&lace in the ./;0's. ,he more li&ely reason for abandoning hat beads% I feel% is the fact that once you too& your hat off indoors% your hard-earned and very prestigious beads were no longer on display7 Shown here is B-P's own si+-bead 2ood Badge with a hand-embroidered pouch #was this 'lave's wor&G$ Both artefacts are in the )* Scout "rchives. "fter world acceptance of 2ood Badge training at the ./;? 2orld !onference in !openhagen. B-P decided to award the first trainer a fifth bead - an original Aini4ulu bead. Sir Percy <verett's Beads ,here is only one other e+ample of a si+-bead 2ood Badge. B-P presented this to 'his right hand man' Sir Percy <verett. Sir Percy wrote later% when he donated his beads to 8ilwell> "These beads are a personal gift from me to the #amp #hief. The &ld #hief gave them to me when I was #ommissioner for Training in the early days of 5ilwell. The time has come when I would li e to hand them over as an heirloom. I hope that the #8ilwell$ camp chief will wear them and pass them on to his successor." @ohn ,hurman% 8ilwell !amp !hief at the time% first wore the beads when he visited Pennant Hills ,raining !amp% 3ew South 2ales% "ustralia. ,he beads were then passed to Bryan Aodgson% the second Airector of =eader ,raining #the first being @ohn Hus&ins who too& over from the !amp !hief @ohn ,hurman$% then to Aere& ,wine% <+ecutive !ommissioner of Programme and ,raining and they are now held by Stephen Pec&% Airector of Programme and Aevelopment. #3ote the progression of titles of the !hief =eader ,rainer.$ ,he 2ood Badge for various sections and ran&s Brom ./;: to ./;5 a small coloured bead was worn above the &not on the nec&lace. ,he beads were red% yellow or green and indicated to which section of the ovement the wearer belonged.

,he Aeputy !amp !hiefs and "&ela =eaders were given four beads% of which one was an original Aini4ulu bead. "ssistant =eader ,rainers wore% and still wear% three beads. ,he 2olf Bang% the "&ela's 2ood Badge% was introduced in ./;; and went out of use in ./;? or ';5. 'n another of the Scouting -ilestones Pages% on the origins of the 2olf !ubs% there is an image of the "&ela !ertificate that accompanied this award. "&ela trainers wore two teeth. ,here are &nown e+amples of wooden 'teeth'. ,he "&ela Bang shown here #from the @ohn Ineson !ollection$ belonged to Ha4el "ddis% one-time H.C. !ommissioner for 2olf !ubs and long-term contributor to Scouting maga4ine. 2hen the Beads ran out7 "t the end of the first 2ood Badge course% participants were awarded two of the original beads. B-P invited the winners to attend the (estaurant at Imperial Head9uarters% where the awards were presented. Shortly afterwards% it was realised that the beads were a very limited commodity and future winners were presented with only one bead% the recipient being sent into the 8ilwell 2oods to ma&e a copy of it from fallen twigs. By ./;/ there had been ;/ !ub courses% 1: Scout courses% 6 (over courses and 5 !ommissioner courses - a total of ..5 courses. If we suppose an average of ;5 graduates per course% ;%615 beads would have been needed - and that is if participants only had one never mind B-P's si+ and Sir Percy <verett's si+7 ,here cannot have been half as many beads as that in the original Aini4ulu nec&lace. In fact% some accounts of Aini4ulu's nec&lace state that the beads graduated from ?D downward #see the differences in si4e in the image above of B-P's si+ beads$% though this is not apparent from the photograph of Aini4ulu shown above. If this gradation in si4e were the case% there would have been even fewer beads available for B-P's purpose. Perhaps the introduction of the "&ela 2olf's fang in ./;; was an attempt at further conservation% and its withdrawal by ./;5 was a recognition of the fact that there was no further purpose in conservation% as all of the beads had run out. 2hen the beads had all been used up% 2ood Badge winners might still be luc&y enough to be awarded an original if% perhaps through death% some original beads had been returned to the Scout "ssociation. " ,emporary Solution 2e have seen that% from !harles (awden aclean's boo& (he /atal Papers of .ohn 0oss #9uoted above$ that bead nec&laces were a part of Julu tradition. Indeed% Baden-Powell himself in his third article for Bo s of the 1mpire on 3ovember .1th% ./00% observed how "the slight rattle of a 4ulu$s wooden nec let" could help detect the otherwise hidden native at night. Haydn Aimmoc& in his Bare 2nee 3a s% published in ./:/% delivers a bombshell>

"I discovered" #on -un& stall in the Portobello (oad Street ar&et in =ondon$ "a genuine 4ulu nec lace similar to that which the #hief Scout had secured from *ini2ulu, the 4ulu #hief. I got the nec lace for five shillings and duly presented it to 5ilwell ,ar . It was afterwards bro en up and the beads used as" #wood$ "badges." In retrospect this might seem something of a deception. )ndoubtedly% if these beads were to ever come onto the mar&et% they would erroneously be described as genuine Aini4ulu beads and therefore command a high price. 'n the other hand% I doubt that any lies were told at the time% the 'sin' would be that of 'omission rather than commission'. 2ould a winner of a 2ood Badge rather have been presented with the beads from a genuine old Julu nec&lace% or those whittled that year from a 8ilwell BeechG 'ne thing seems certain - the number of original beads% even given the additional nec&lace% cannot possibly have been enough to have been awarded to the number of people who thin& that they have one7 2orld-wide 2ood Badge ,he 2ood Badge very 9uic&ly spread throughout the British <mpire. 'fficials of other Scout "ssociations would come to 8ilwell to attend a standard course. ,hey would then often progress to a ',rainers !ourse'% before being appointed as the !hief =eader ,rainer in their own country. "s the senior '=eader ,rainer' they were then entitled to the coveted fivebead 2ood Badge. 2illiam Hillcourt% '8reen Bar Bill'% author of Baden-Powell. (he (wo 4ives of a Hero% used an image of his on his letterhead% part of which is shown here. '8ilwell Par&s' were set up round the world% sometimes even using the same name. It is much to Scouting's credit that there was no bar imposed on those who could attend a 8ilwell !ourse and some of the early participants included "mericans. ,he first 2ood Badge course in "merica however was not run by an "merican. In ./:E at the ortimer =. Schiff Scout (eservation in 3ew @ersey% a 2ood Badge !ourse was run by the then 8ilwell !amp !hief% !olonel 2ilson. ,he participants included 'the great and the good' of "merican Scouting% and many% including 2illiam Hillcourt #8reen Bar Bill$ pronounced themselves 'inspired'. ,here was not% however% to be another 2ood Badge course in the )nited States until ./?6. '8reen Bar Bill' ac&nowledges that Bran& Braden was the driving force behind establishing the 2ood Badge course in "merica in ./?6. #=etter in the Aave Scott collection dated arch ..th% ./6:.$ Kariations ,here was a point in my researches when I was ready to believe that any combination of

beads could be awarded to anybody% so great was the variety of contradictory claims7 Below are some otherwise unrecorded occurrences of beads awarded% listed by the official Boy Scout Historian% <.<. (eynolds% who was on the second 8ilwell 2ood Badge course and so ought to &now>

'ne bead in a buttonhole for having passed Parts . and II 'ne bead on a hat string for passing the Aiploma #i.e. all three parts$ ,wo Beads on a hat string for the Aiploma and for passing special 9ualifications for becoming a !amp !hief - only to be awarded at 8ilwell Par&.

#If you have been carefully following the te+t% you ought now to be able to fill in a test paper as&ing for the significance of every number ever awarded from .-E7$ ,he Julu =egacy "t the LII 2orld @amboree at Baragut Par&% Idaho% )S"% in ./E1% on the E0th "nniversary of Scouting% the Boy Scouts of South "frica brought along replicas of the Aini4ulu beads. ,hese were made after months of research from Julus and (over Scouts in 3atal. Bour copies were madeH one set remained in South "frica% the others were ta&en to the @amboree and given to> @amboree "cting director% (.,.=undH the )S !hief Scout% @oe Brunton and the first 8ilwell !amp !hief% @ohn ,hurman. ,oday thousands of Julu boys are Scouts. In ./61 !hief inister angosuthu Buthele4i of *waJulu% was the guest-of-honour at a huge Scout rally. !hief Buthele4i's mother-in-law% Princess ahoho% was a daughter of Aini4ulu. "t the rally% the !hief Scout of South "frica% 8arnet de la Hunt% too& from around his nec& a thong on which four original Aini4ulu beads were hung% and handed it to !hief Buthele4i% in a symbolic act of returning the beads to their rightful heir. !urrently it is possible to buy a replica's of Aini4ulu's nec&lace made of beach at 8ilwell Par& for a cost of ME00. ,he picture shows part of a '8ilwell' replica nec&lace% but we &now that the beads were not all the same si4e7

,he 2ood Badge ,raining Symbols "t the ./55 International !onference at 3iagara Balls% !anada% the official training symbols were agreed as>

,he 2ood Badge ,he 8ilwell 2oggle ,he 8ilwell Scarf - of the .st 8ilwell Par& Scout 8roup

#3ote that the famed 'a+e in log'% is conspicuous by its absence from this list.$ ,he =eather ,hong for the Beads In (he 5olf (hat /ever Sleeps - A Stor of BadenPowell% a boo& aimed at Scout readers% author arguerite de Beaumont recounts a B-P story of how an old man during the siege of afe&ing came across him at time when he was% very uncharacteristically% 'down in the dumps'. # any of his afe&ing contemporaries remember him 'smiling and whistling under all difficulties' and he himself% in letters home to his mother% recounts how he sometimes found it very difficult to &eep this up% even for the good of the garrison.$ ,he old native gave him a leather thong as good luc& to&en% saying that his mother had given it to him for good luc&. Aays later% afe&ing was relieved. 2oggle So far as I &now% Brances 8idney% 8ilwell's first !amp !hief% coined the word. #,hough some dictionaries suggest it as an alternative spelling for 'toggle'.$ ,he first ones% then as now% were made from leather. ,he original source for these was found close to hand from the stoc&s of thongs employed to 'bow' a fire-lighting spindle. It was soon discovered that the belts from old Singer sewing machines were more pliable7 It was 2. #Bill$ Shan&ley who was on the 8ilwell staff at the time #later% he went on to run the 6th Hobart Scout ,roop in ,asmania% "ustralia$ who produced the two-strand ,ur&'s Head% which became the official 8ilwell 2oggle. .n ./?:% the 2oggle was given to participants on completing the preliminary stage of the 2ood Badge course. ,he Scarf ,he following is ta&en from (he *ilwell Book% ./:/> "The scarf 3 dove grey 3 the colour of humility" #reallyG$% "warm red on the inside to signify warmth1 The cloth tartan is registered, and may not be altered or used without permission." ,he scarf is made of material &nown as the 8ilwell 8rey. ,he red on the inner side is said to be effective in absorbing the rays of the sun. ,he material was and is used in ma&ing shirts and -ac&ets for hotter climates. "t first% India was the only place where the material was made. ,his was sent to <ngland where the scarves were made up. ,he scarves are still made in <ngland. ,he tartan on the bac& is the aclaren tartan% in memory and in honour of 2.B.

de Bois

aclaren.

,his scarf may be worn by Scouters who have 9ualified for the 2ood Badge. It denotes membership in the .st 8ilwell ,roop% and may be worn by the Scouter when he is not with or representing his ,roop.

!onclusion In ./.: B-P wrote% "I thin we want to arrive, first, at what are the essential points for a Scoutmaster to now, and to set out to teach these 3 all others must be subsidiary. .ow I ta e the essentials are what we find laid down in Scouting for Boys therefore my idea would be to ta e that boo as the programme of wor , dividing it off into the number of days available, and then going through it as practical as circumstances will allow. The boo is arranged on that idea. The second point about the training camp would be, I thin , to give Scoutmasters practical instruction as to how a camp should be run. )or this purpose I should be inclined be pitch the camp as it should be done for a Scout camp 3 each patrol on its own ground in a wide circle around the central 6Scoutmaster$s7 tent. The Scoutmasters should of course be in their own ,atrols for the course, under their own patrol leaders and so learn ,atrol discipline. "'s far as possible they should run the camp 3 ta ing it in roster and be camp commandants for the day, quartermaster, and so on, so as to learn practically the wor and the requirements of these offices." ,his simple statement of principals has been the mainstay of 2ood Badge training to the present day. ,he implication that camping is at the heart of Scouting should be as true now as it was then. "n Imperial <ducational !onference visited 8ilwell and was addressed by B-P. He told them about Scouting with his usual wisdom and wit% and then said% ".ow the #amp #hief will tell you how we do it here." ,he !amp !hief% @ohn ,hurman% thought this to be something of a poisoned chalice% given his lac& of credentials as an educationalist and eventually he came up with>

"I am bothered if I now, but we aim to help boys become men by helping men 6and women too for that matter7 to become boys." Back to *ilwell6 Happ 4and # am going to work m ticket if # can. 777 #n m dreams #!m going back to *ilwell (o the jo s and the happiness # found ,n those grand weekends 5ith m dear old friends And see the (raining *round. ,h, the grass is greener back in *ilwell. And # breathe again that Scouting air, And in m memor , # see B-P 5ho never will

be far from there8 Brom (alph (eaders' musical play% 5e 4ive 9orever

"c&nowledgements ,rinted Sources Bo s of the 1mpire 3ovember .1th% ./00 Bare 2nee 3a s Haydn Aimmoc&% ./:/ (he *ilwell Book ;nd <dition% ./:/ (he 5olf (hat /ever Sleeps - A Stor of Baden-Powell arguerite de Beaumont% ./?? (he 9irst (en :ears Sir Percy <verett. ,he <ast "nglian Aaily ,imes% ./?6 (he Scout -ovement <.<. (eynolds. '+ford )niversity Press% ./50 Scout -emorabilia 3ovember% .//. (he /atal Papers of .ohn 0oss !harles (awden aclean% edited edition by Stephen 8rey% .//; (he 9ounding of the 5ood Badge In (he .ournal of Scouting Histor 3elson (. Bloc&% .//? A Histor of the 5ood Badge in the ;nited States #Araft !opy$ *enneth P Aavis Internet Sources ,he "frican Seeds of Scouting History of the 2ood Badge !ourse