In order to analyse a communicative event in a patterned way and taking into account the cultural environment, Dell Hymes

proposed a method which he called SPEAKIN !an acronim that uses the "irst letter o" each linguistic element analysed in the discourse as a mnemotecnic rule#$ %his model, not only &ears in mind the "orms and contents o" speech &ut also the cultural elements that in"luence on it$ 'elow it is e(posed in a summarised way what Hymes proposed as a model to analyse communicative speech$ )ater on, a detailed e(planation o" each component will &e descri&ed$ Situation Participants Ends Acts Key Instrumentality Norms Genre Situation %he "irst o" the components comprise the scene and the setting, this is the e(tra*personal conte(t o" the event !Saville*%roike, +,,-# and mainly takes into account the time and place o" the speech analysed$ As proposed &y the same author, there are some .uestions that may help us to analyse this component/ 0hat is the communicative event a&out1 0hy is it happening1 0here and when does it occur1 0hat does the setting look like1 How are participants organised1 Participants %his component consists o" descri&ing interactants age, se(, ethnicity or other relevant categories, and also the relationship among them$ In this part, the interactants who are taking part ion the event as well as how they are organi2ed must &e descri&ed$ In the description o" this component, appart "rom speakers, hearers and other people involved in the event are also important$ Ends %his component makes re"erence to the purpose or "unction o" the event in generals and also the o&3ectives o" individual participants$ Acts 4%his includes in"ormation a&out the ordering o" the communicative acts in an event5 !Saville*%roike, +,,-, p$ 6++# Key According to Hymes, 4Key is intorduced toprovide "or the tone, manner or spirit in which the act is done5 !678+c/9+# %he analysis o" the key may also include language varities used, paralinguistic "eatures or nonver&al communication "orms$ Instrumentality %his part makes re"erence to the message "orm and content$ As "or the message "orm, it is important to o&serve the cannel and the code$ According to Saville*%roike !+,,-, p$ 669#, the "ollowing chart can &e use"ul to do so/

:ess age "orm and content are intimatelly related !Stroike*Saville, +,,-#$ 4:essage content re"ers to what communicative events are a&out and to what meaning is conveyed5 !Stroike* Saville, +,,-, p$ 6+,#$ It is relevant to &ear in mind that content is essential in order to consider an interaction as a success"ul communication$ Norms %his component is con"ormed &y the rules "or interaction and the norms o" interpretation$ Here, it is necesary to e(plain what speech rules have &een used, as "or e(ample the turn* taking rules and turn*taking allocation$ %hese can &e typical classroom interactions !such as I;< se.uences# or others$ As "or the norms o" interpretation, it includes the rest o" the necessary in"ormation in order to understand the communicative event$ enre <inally, the genre has to do with the category o" communication$