COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING GUINDY, ANNA UNIVERSITY.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING EC9451- PROJECT WORK

POWER MEASUREMENT OF MOTE SENSOR NETWORKS USING PROTEUS

PROJECT GUIDE:
Mrs.R.SITTALATCHOUMY

N.KUMARESH B.PALANI RAJAN

-2010105039 -2010105044

M.SARAVANA KUMAR -2010105622 J.SIVA MURUGAN -2010105626

OBJECTIVES: Describe a method to measure power consumption in wireless sensor node based on current consumption usage. Estimate the lifetime of the sensor node.

Using suitable techniques to increase the lifetime of the node.

OVERVIEW: Wireless sensor network (WSN) refers to a group of spatially dispersed and dedicated sensors for monitoring and recording the physical conditions of the environment and organizing the collected data at a central location. WSNs measure environmental conditions like temperature, sound, pollution levels, humidity, wind speed and direction, pressure, etc. A large scale wireless sensor network usually consists o thousands of motes which have low memory,low processing power and limited communication capacity.Sensor nodes consume energy in their sensing,processing and communication tasks.In most case power is not a renewable resource

PROJECT BACKGROUND: Wireless sensor networks consist of small,autonomous devices with wireless networking capabilities.In order to further increase the applicability,minimizing power consumption is one of the most critical issues.Therefore,accurate power model is required for the evaluation of nodes.In this project,to estimate lifetime sensor node,the power charatecristics of sensor node is measured.Further, we propose a

technique to minimise power consumption.hence,increase the lifetime.

PROJECT DESCRIPTION:
BLOCK DIAGRAM:

SENSOR NODE

SENSOR: A sensor is a device, which responds to an input quantity by generating a functionally related output usually in the form of an electrical or optical signal.Forexample,thermocouple converts temperature into an output voltage which can be read by a voltmeter.

There are different temperature sensors which differ in active material, changing parameter, sensitivity, accuracy etc.

These devices typically take one of two forms: contact sensors measure their own temperatures after they have achieved thermal equilibrium with their environments, and noncontact sensors measure heat radiation from their environments within a given area

Microcontroller: Sensor network processors introduce an unprecedented level of compact and portable computing. These small processing systems reside in the environment which they monitor, combining sensing, computation, storage, communication, and power supplies into small form factors. Features of MCU used in WSN : Power is the key objective in sensor network processors i.e. lowpower modes are useful. RISC-based processors work best as complicated instructions like multiplication and DSP abilities are rarely required by sensor nodes applications which are meant to be lightweight. Sensor nodes are typically interrupting driven systems and so need a good interrupt structure. Field Programmable Gate Array are not used in wireless sensor network because it should required more time and energy for reprogrammability and reconfiguring to their usage. Application-specific Integrated circuits are performing as hardware where as microcontrollers are providing as softwares.So a wireless sensor network mostly uses microcontrollers. In this wireless sensor network we uses so many microcontrollers with different companies : Microchip, Atmel etc.

TRANSCEIVER(ZIGBEE/ IEEE 802.15.4): ZigBee is a specification for a suite of high level communication protocols used to create personal area networks built from small, lowpower digital radios. ZigBee is based on an IEEE 802.15 standard. Though low-powered, ZgBee devices can transmit data over long distances by passing data through intermediate devices to reach more distant ones, creating a mesh network; i.e., a network with no centralized control or high-power transmitter/receiver able to reach all of the networked devices. The decentralized nature of such wireless ad hoc networks make them suitable for applications where a central node can't be relied upon.

ZigBee is used in applications that require only a low data rate, long battery life, and secure networking. ZigBee has a defined rate of 250 kbit/s, best suited for periodic or intermittent data or a single signal transmission from a sensor or input device. Applications include wireless light switches, electrical meters with in-home-displays, traffic management systems, and other consumer and industrial equipment that requires short-range wireless transfer of data at relatively low rates. The technology defined by the ZigBee specification is intended to be simpler and less expensive than other WPANs, such as Bluetooth or Wi-Fi.

WORK DONE FOR THE CURRENT REVIEW: Studied about the basics of wireless sensor networks and explored the node architecture. Devised a technique to measure power consumption in wireless sensor networks. Learnt to work with Proteus sotware. Simulated a simple circuit in proteus.

WORKS TO BE REPORTED FOR NEXT REVIEW: Designing the modeled circuit in proteus. Writing the necessary program for the application. Simulating the circuit and analyzing the graphical results. Analyse the power consumption pattern and estimate the lifetime of the sensor node.

REFERENCES:
1) N.Yazdi,A.Mason,K.Najafi, and K.D.Wise,(2000),A generic

interface chip for capacitive sensors in low power multi-parameter Microsystems.Sensors and actuators A,84:351-361. 2) Stemm,Mark, and Katz,Randy H, Measuring and reducing energy consumption of network interfaces in hand-held devices,IEICE Transactions on Communications,vol.E80-B,no. 8.Aug 1997,11251131. 3) Kshitii shingal,Arti nor,Neelam Srivastava,Raghuvir Singh,Energy AwareTranseiver for Next Generation Wireless Sensor Network Node.International Conference on Advances in Electrical and Electronics Engineering,ICAEEE-2011