ENME 351 Midterm Exam SAMPLE

36 pts 1. True/False, Multiple Choice, short answer circle your answers (4 pts each) (i) Write the base-10 (decimal) number 9 as a base-2 (binary) number. Ans: _______________ (ii) 0111 (binary) is equal to 7 (decimal). Using twos complement, what is -7 in binary? Ans: _______________ (iii) If a periodic signal y(t) is an even function, its Fourier coefficients A0 and An will be zero. (a) True; (b) False. (iv) For a first order system 3 y ! + 4 y = 5 F( t ) , what is the time constant of the system? (a) 2 s (b) 4 s (c) 5 s (d) 3/4 s (e) 4/3 s (f) 4/5 s (g) 5/3 s (h) 1 s
! + 4 y = F( t ), what is the natural frequency (!n) ? (v) For a second order system 2 !! y + 3y (a) 2 rad/s (b) 3 rad/s (c) 4 rad/s (d) !2 rad/s (e) !3 rad/s (f) 1 rad/s

(vi) A second order system with a static sentitivity of K=1 and a natural frequency of !n = 100 Hz is excited by an input function F(t) = sin(2"*1000t). What is the steady-state amplitude of y(t)? Ans: _______________ (vii) For a signal y(t) = sin(10"t) + 4cos(20"t) - 5cos(30"t), what is the minimum sampling frequency (fs), in units of Hz, needed to avoid aliasing? Ans: _______________ Hz (viii) For a linear second order system, which one of the following statements is true? (a) When subjected to a step input, the response will not oscillate when # < 0.707 ; (b) When subjected to a step input, the settling time of the response decreases as # increases; (c) When subjected to a sine input, the steady-state response will have the same frequency as the input, but it may have a different amplitude and phase. (d) When subjected to a sine input, resonance will occur when # is smaller than 1; (ix) What is the steady-state value of y(t) for the following 4th order system in response to a step input, F(t) = u(t) d 4 y d 3y d 2 y 6 dy 1
12 dt 4 + dt 3 +5 dt 2 + 5 dt + 2 y(t ) = F (t )

(a) 1/2

(b) 1

(c) 2

(d) 4

(e) 6

(f) 1/6

(g) 1/12

(h) 12

20 pts 2. Consider the following logic circuit: A Z B

10 pts (a) Using standard logic operators , , +, and + (i.e. NOT, AND, OR, and XOR) define the Boolean expression (i.e. the logic function Z = fn(A,B,C) ) for the circuit.

5 pts

(b) Using your Boolean expression from (a), determine the truth table for this circuit.

5 pts

(c) Based on your truth table in (b), simplify the logic circuit as much as possible.

24 pts 3. A voltage signal from a sensor used to measure vibration of a dynamic structure if given by v(t) = 2 sin(2" *f1t) + 3 sin(2"$ f2t) + sin(2"$ f3t) where f1 = 20 Hz, f2 = 32 Hz, f3 = 80 Hz. You want to measure this signal using an Arduino, but due to limitations in the speed of your code, you can only make one measurement every 0.02 s. 6 pts (a) What is the sampling time resolution (%t), the sampling frequency (fs), and the Nyquist frequency (fN) for your Arduino setup? Show any calculations as needed. %t = ______________ sec fs = ______________ Hz fN = ______________ Hz 10 pts (b) Using the folding diagram (or similar approach) determine the frequencies (fi) and phases (&i, relative to the original signal) for each component of your sampled signal.

f1 = _________ Hz &1 = _________ deg 8 pts

f2 = _________ Hz &2 = _________ deg

f3 = _________ Hz &3 = _________ deg

(c) You have a 10 "F (10-6 F) capacitor and a potentiometer (variable resistor) available to create a low-pass RC filter. What value should you choose for the resistance to eliminate significant aliasing in your sampled signal, without reducing the range of measured frequencies?

Problem 4 [35 pts]. An Arduino Uno and a standard breadboard with a 1 k resistor, 10 F (non-polarized!) capacitor, 220 resistor and LED are shown below. You will be using these components to design an RC circuit similar to the one you designed in lab, shown schematically, and indicate on the LED when you have reached the circuits time constant.

220 1k

In this circuit, you want Vin to come from a digital output on the Arduino, and Vout to go to an analog input to read the response. The LED should also be connected to a digital output through a current limiting resistor.

+ Vin _

1 k 10 F

+ Vout _

a. [5 pts] Draw jumper wires directly into the gure to connect components to match the schematic and description above. Do not worry about polarity for the capacitor or LED.

b. [10 pts] The setup function initializes pins and sends a single step input at t=0 as Vin. Fill in the blanks and add the loop function necessary to measure Vout every 2 milliseconds and turn on the LED when this output has reached the circuit time constant. The syntax does not need to be perfect!!
void setup() { pinMode( , OUTPUT); pinMode( , OUTPUT); digitalWrite(____, HIGH); } % Set step pin as output % Set LED pin as output % Send step output

c. [10 pts] Sketch the measured output over time (in milliseconds) up to 3. This should be a plot of the output from the Arduinos ADC so make sure it is a discrete signal and your y-axis is in the correct units. Label your axes!

d. [10 pts] If you were able to output a sinusoid from the Arduino as the input to your RC circuit instead of a square wave, at what frequency would the amplitude measured by the Arduino be 1/100th of its original amplitude?